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Di Spirito F, Di Palo MP, Rupe A, Piedepalumbo F, Sessa A, De Benedetto G, Russo Barone S, Contaldo M. Periodontitis in Psoriatic Patients: Epidemiological Insights and Putative Etiopathogenic Links. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:479-498. [PMID: 39189252 PMCID: PMC11348036 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the skin, manifests through erythematous plaques and scales, impacting approximately 2-3% of the global population. Chronic periodontitis, a prevalent oral disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, affects roughly 10-15% of adults worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between psoriasis and chronic periodontitis, supported by epidemiological studies indicating a higher prevalence of periodontitis among individuals with psoriasis and vice versa. Both conditions are chronic inflammatory diseases marked by dysregulated immune responses and altered cytokine profiles, notably involving proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-17. Clinical studies highlight a reciprocal impact of treating one condition on the other, underscoring the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists and periodontists in managing patients with both conditions. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between psoriasis and chronic periodontitis, examining epidemiological associations, shared inflammatory pathways, genetic insights, microbial dysbiosis, environmental factors, and clinical implications. The review emphasizes the importance of integrated care approaches and the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions to improve both psoriatic and periodontal patient outcomes, advocating for further research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the comorbidity of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Di Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Antonio Rupe
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Federica Piedepalumbo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Alessandra Sessa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Giuseppina De Benedetto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Serena Russo Barone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (A.R.); (F.P.); (A.S.); (G.D.B.); (S.R.B.)
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy;
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Ortarzewska M, Nijakowski K, Jankowski J, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Ruchała M, Surdacka A. Periodontal disease in patients with thyroid diseases: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:289-295. [PMID: 38908794 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The imbalance of thyroid hormones affects the metabolic activity of various tissues, including periodontium. Also, autoimmune diseases present an increased tendency to suffer from periodontal disease. Therefore, our systematic review was designed to answer the question "Is there a relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease?". MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were included in this systematic review using the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines). RESULTS Based on the meta-analysis, patients with thyroid diseases (especially with hypothyroidism) demonstrated significantly worse periodontal status than systemically healthy controls. Moreover, according to the cross-sectional studies, 5.74 % of periodontitis patients reported the concomitance of thyroid diseases. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the included studies suggest a potential relationship between thyroid diseases and periodontal disease. However, further research is necessary to reliably assess the oral health in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Chen W, Kim SY, Lee A, Kim YJ, Chang C, Ton-That H, Kim R, Kim S, Park NH. hTERT Peptide Fragment GV1001 Prevents the Development of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontal Disease and Systemic Disorders in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6126. [PMID: 38892314 PMCID: PMC11172542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
GV1001, an anticancer vaccine, exhibits other biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. It also suppresses the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a major human oral bacterium implicated in the development of periodontitis, is associated with various systemic disorders, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the protective effects of GV1001 against Pg-induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions in Apolipoprotein (ApoE)-deficient mice. GV1001 effectively mitigated the development of Pg-induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions by counteracting Pg-induced local and systemic inflammation, partly by inhibiting the accumulation of Pg DNA aggregates, Pg lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and gingipains in the gingival tissue, arterial wall, and brain. GV1001 attenuated the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, lipid deposition in the arterial wall, endothelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EndMT), the expression of Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) from arterial smooth muscle cells, and the formation of foam cells in mice with Pg-induced periodontal disease. GV1001 also suppressed the accumulation of AD biomarkers in the brains of mice with periodontal disease. Overall, these findings suggest that GV1001 holds promise as a preventive agent in the development of atherosclerosis and AD-like conditions associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Sharon Y. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Alicia Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (H.T.-T.)
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (H.T.-T.)
| | - Reuben Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sangjae Kim
- Teloid Inc., 920 Westholme Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
- Teloid Inc., 920 Westholme Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Hernandez-Nicols BF, Robledo-Pulido JJ, Alvarado-Navarro A. Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis: Integration of Proposed Theories. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:348-415. [PMID: 38240030 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by squamous and erythematous plaques on the skin and the involvement of the immune system. Global prevalence for psoriasis has been reported around 1-3% with a higher incidence in adults and similar proportions between men and women. The risk factors associated with psoriasis are both extrinsic and intrinsic, out of which a polygenic predisposition is a highlight out of the latter. Psoriasis etiology is not yet fully described, but several hypothesis have been proposed: 1) the autoimmunity hypothesis is based on the over-expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37, the proteins ADAMTSL5, K17, and hsp27, or lipids synthesized by the PLA2G4D enzyme, all of which may serve as autoantigens to promote the differentiation of autoreactive lymphocytes T and unleash a chronic inflammatory response; 2) dysbiosis of skin microbiota hypothesis in psoriasis has gained relevance due to the observations of a loss of diversity and the participation of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus spp. or Staphylococcus spp. the fungi Malassezia spp. or Candida spp. and the virus HPV, HCV, or HIV in psoriatic plaques; 3) the oxidative stress hypothesis, the most recent one, describes that the cell injury and the release of proinflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides that leads to activate of the Th1/Th17 axis observed in psoriasis is caused by a higher release of reactive oxygen species and the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to describe the mechanisms involved in the three hypotheses on the etiopathogeneses of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Fernanda Hernandez-Nicols
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Robledo-Pulido
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Raimondo A, Di Spirito F, Lembo S. Oral Diseases During Systemic Psoriatic Drugs: A Review of the Literature and Case Series. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1402a107. [PMID: 38810043 PMCID: PMC11135948 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1402a107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral health of psoriatic patients seems to be compromised compared to that of control individuals: many published studies have investigated the relationship between psoriatic disease and gingivitis, periodontitis, and missing teeth. However, data from these studies are not consistent nor exhaustive. Moreover, no study has considered the possible specific effects of conventional and biological systemic psoriatic treatments. OBJECTIVE We report a narrative review of the literature about the possible link between anti-psoriatic drugs and oral disease onset and present case series of patients that have experienced oral disease during systemic therapy for psoriasis. METHODS This is a narrative review. The literature search was performed using the MEDLINE database. From the selected articles, additional references were identified by a manual search among the cited literature. RESULTS Oral adverse events during psoriatic therapies can be found in sporadic cases. The specific mechanisms of interplay between oral anatomic structures and the pathway targeted by the systemic agents will be investigated in depth. CONCLUSION All psoriatic patients who are candidates for conventional or biological systemic therapy should have regular oral health check-ups with a dentist and a dermatologist to prevent oral complications. Dermatologists and oral medicine specialists should be ready to recognize and manage this increasing number of oral adverse drug reactions during systemic treatments for psoriatic disease so as to provide patients with sufficient information about this risk and to stress the fundamental importance of regular dental assessments and good oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Raimondo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
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Al bahadly WKY, Bdioui A, Al-Gazally M, Al-Saedi H, Salah SHB, Ramadhan M. The effect of dapagliflozin ointment on induced psoriasis in an experimental model. J Med Life 2024; 17:281-285. [PMID: 39044933 PMCID: PMC11262602 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dapagliflozin is a pharmacological drug commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter in the proximal renal tubules. The primary objective of this research was to develop a topical ointment formulation containing dapagliflozin and assess its efficacy in treating psoriasis using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model. A total of 16 Swiss albino mice, with weights ranging from 24 to 30 grams, were allocated randomly into six groups, each group including ten animals. The study assessed the effects of various concentrations of dapagliflozin ointment on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-17, and IL-37, as well as on erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickness. Dapagliflozin ointment significantly reduced these cytokine levels and disease scores, indicating anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, when applied topically, dapagliflozin ointment had strong efficacy against imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin inflammation, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic option for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Khaled Younis Al bahadly
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Ibn Al Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Bdioui
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Ibn Al Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moaed Al-Gazally
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Haider Al-Saedi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Mukhallad Ramadhan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
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Grygiel-Górniak B, Skoczek W. Molecular Background and Clinical Implications of Glucose Disorders in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5814. [PMID: 37762754 PMCID: PMC10532042 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory musculoskeletal disease characterized by joint and entheses involvement. This condition is often associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, encompassing more than one-third of all patients. Given the presence of metabolic disorders, it becomes crucial to enhance clinical oversight of metabolic parameters. An early diagnosis of glucose irregularities in PsA allows for the assessment of an effective treatment strategy. The approach proves valuable in preventing the development of insulin resistance (IR) or diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMt2). Similar pathways characterize the pathomechanism of PsA and DMt2, offering an innovative perspective on treatment management. The cytokines and adipokines synthesized in the course of PsA significantly impact the development process of IR and DMt2 in different mechanisms of action. Conversely, glucose disorders influence the activity of PsA and therapy outcomes. Given the chronic inflammatory background shared by PsA, obesity, and DMt2, it is evident that inadequate management of any of the mentioned conditions can exacerbate the others. Thus, when PsA coincides with DMt2, a comprehensive multidimensional approach is necessary. This includes an effective immunosuppressive regimen complemented by appropriate anti-diabetic and insulin therapies. Moreover, often overlooked recommendations concerning overall well-being and lifestyle adjustments hold significance. This manuscript explores the connections and the relationship between the molecular background of PsA and glucose disorders. It provides a detailed exposition of specific therapeutic approaches for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Baek YS, Kwak EJ, Kim YC, Kim KE, Song HJ, Jeon J. Periodontal disease does not increase the risk of subsequent psoriasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5942. [PMID: 37046012 PMCID: PMC10097622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that chronic periodontitis may be a risk factor for psoriasis. However, no study has confirmed this relationship for all stages of periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis). This nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate whether periodontal disease is an independent risk factor for the development of subsequent psoriasis. Patients aged ≥ 20 years who underwent both medical and oral checkups from the National Health Screening Program between 2002 and 2007 were selected from a customized database provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Then, patients with periodontal disease (n = 3,682,468) and without periodontal disease (control, n = 3,637,128) according to oral examination results were identified. We tracked each patient for subsequent psoriasis diagnosis until the end of 2018 using NHIS database. The incidence rates of psoriasis per 1000 person-years were 0.36 and 0.34 in the periodontal disease group and control groups, respectively. After adjusting for potential cofactors, no significant increase in risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.994; 95% confidence interval, 0.974-1.015) was observed. Similar results were observed when analyzing the risk of psoriasis in patients who required scaling or periodontal surgery. In conclusion, periodontal disease is not an independent risk factor of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Sang Baek
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kwak
- National Dental Care Center for Person with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jun Song
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiehyun Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Nijakowski K. Oral Health in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Qualified for Biologic Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15584. [PMID: 36497659 PMCID: PMC9737265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is closely linked to general health status in the form of a bidirectional relationship [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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The Link between Stroke Risk and Orodental Status-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195854. [PMID: 36233721 PMCID: PMC9572898 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary causes of disability and mortality in the adult population worldwide is stroke. A person's general health is significantly impacted by their oral and dental health. People who have poor oral health are more susceptible to conditions such as stroke. Stroke risk has long been linked to oral and dental conditions. The risk of stroke and its cost impact on the healthcare systems appear to be significantly reduced as a result of the decline in the incidence and prevalence of oral and dental illnesses. Hypothetically, better management of oral hygiene and dental health lead to reduced stroke risk. To the authors' best knowledge, for the first time, the potential link between dental health and stroke were cross-examined. The most typical stroke symptoms, oral and dental illnesses linked to stroke, and the role of oral healthcare professionals in stroke prevention are revealed. The potential mediating processes and subsequent long-term cognitive and functional neurological outcomes are based on the available literature. It must be noted that periodontal diseases and tooth loss are two common oral health measures. Lack of knowledge on the effects of poor oral health on systemic health together with limited access to primary medical or dental care are considered to be partially responsible for the elevated risk of stroke. Concrete evidence confirming the associations between oral inflammatory conditions and stroke in large cohort prospective studies, stratifying association between oral disease severity and stroke risk and disease effects on stroke survival will be desirable. In terms of clinical pathology, a predictive model of stroke as a function of oral health status, and biomarkers of systemic inflammation could be useful for both cardiologists and dentists.
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