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Tagi VM, Fiore G, Tricella C, Eletti F, Visioli A, Bona F, Zuccotti G, Corsello A, Verduci E. Sex- and gender-based medicine in pediatric nutrition. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:159. [PMID: 39218991 PMCID: PMC11368030 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence increasingly highlights the significance of integrating sex and gender medicine to ensure a precision approach according to individual patient needs. Gender discrepancies emerge across various areas, even from pediatric age. The importance of recognizing these differences in pediatric nutrition is critical for the development of targeted nutritional strategies and interventions, particularly in cases of associated pathologies, including obesity, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, eating disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the biological and sociocultural factors that contribute to different nutritional needs and health outcomes in male and female children. By examining current evidence, we underscore the necessity for precision medicine approaches in pediatric care that consider these sex- and gender-based differences. Moreover, differences in dietary requirements and dietary patterns between males and females are evident, underscoring the need for precise nutrition strategies for a more accurate management of children and adolescents. This approach is essential for improving clinical outcomes and promoting equitable healthcare practices. This review aims to provide an overview of nutrition-related medical conditions exhibiting sex- and gender-specific discrepancies, which might lead to distinct outcomes requiring unique management and prevention strategies. Future research and public health initiatives should address these differences in designing effective lifestyle education programs and nutrition interventions targeting both children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Maria Tagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tricella
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Eletti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Visioli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bona
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Levová L, Smith MA. The Moderating Role of Dietary Quality and Dietary Fibre Intake on the Mood Effects of Positive Expressive Writing: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2875. [PMID: 39275190 PMCID: PMC11397268 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive expressive writing is associated with enhanced psychological wellbeing. Several individual differences are known to moderate the enhancement effects of positive expressive writing, but no studies to date have investigated the optimal dietary conditions under which expressive writing effects occur. In this pilot study, we sought to investigate whether diet quality and dietary fibre intake moderate the effects of positive writing on mood. METHODS The participants (12 males, 25 females, Mage = 33.0, SDage = 13.1) completed self-reported measures of dietary quality, dietary fibre intake, and positive and negative affect. They were then randomly allocated to complete either a positive expressive writing or neutral writing activity for 10 min. Positive and negative affect were measured again immediately after each activity. RESULTS Those participants who reported better diet quality and greater dietary fibre intake exhibited a significantly greater increase in positive affect following positive expressive writing relative to neutral writing. No significant effects were observed for negative affect. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we report that the effects of positive expressive writing on positive mood are enhanced under optimal dietary conditions. Further replication studies are needed to determine whether dietary factors can influence the conditions under which positive expressive writing benefits occur. We speculate that dietary influences on the gut-brain axis are a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
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Mumena WA. Factors associated with diet quality of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1409105. [PMID: 39234074 PMCID: PMC11371742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research exploring factors that may influence the diet quality of adolescents in the Middle East are very limited. We aimed to investigate factors associated with diet quality and the weight status of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study that included 638 healthy adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years who were randomly recruited from 16 private and public middle- and high-schools located in two Saudi cities (Jeddah and Madinah). All participants were given an envelope for parents to collect socioeconomic data. Diet quality and anthropometric data of adolescents were evaluated at school. Results Median diet quality score was higher among males compared to female adolescents (10.00 (8.00-11.00) vs. 9.00 (8.00-10.0), respectively, p = 0.018). Median diet quality score was significantly higher among adolescents residing in Jeddah compared to adolescents residing in Madinah (10.00 (9.00-11.0) vs. 9.00 (8.00-10.0), respectively, p = 0.002). Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that city of residence (B = -0.53, SE = 0.16 [95% CI: -0.83 to -0.22]), and child's sex (B = -0.34, SE = 0.15 [95% CI: -0.64 to -0.05]) were associated with diet quality scores of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Discussion Future longitudinal research should be directed to further investigate other possible factors influencing the diet quality of adolescents and individuals from other age groups in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdullah Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saeed W, Merdad N, Amin R, Rashid T, Hallit S, Fekih-Romdhane F. Translation, transcultural adaptation, and convergent validity of the Arabic version of the Mukbang addiction scale. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38965623 PMCID: PMC11229493 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic translation of the Mukbang Addiction Scale (MAS) among Arabic-speaking adults from the general population. Specifically, it aimed to assess the factorial structure through a confirmatory factor analysis, determine the composite reliability through Cronbach alpha and McDonald's omega scores, assess gender invariance, and evaluate the convergent validity by examining its correlation to eating addiction and psychological distress. METHODS A total of 370 individuals with a mean age of 21.94 ± 2.29 years participated in this study, which was conducted using an online platform. The participants were surveyed on demographic information, mukbang addiction, food addiction, and psychological distress. Translation was conducted using the forward and backward technique. RESULTS The findings demonstrated excellent internal consistency of the Arabic MAS (McDonald's omega coefficient = 0.93). Confirmatory factor analyses validated the one-factor structure of the scale, while establishing measurement invariance across sex at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. No sex differences were observed in the Mukbang addiction levels. Lastly, the MAS scores were significantly and positively correlated with food addiction and psychological distress, supporting their convergent validity. CONCLUSION The current research provides evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the MAS as a self-report method for assessing addictive Mukbang watching. While further validations are needed to corroborate the present findings, this measure can be effectively utilized across different fields, including schools, mental health centers, and researchers aiming to understand this global phenomenon. Mukbang refers to individuals or hosts consuming large quantities of food while interacting with their audiences through recorded video or a live stream. The Mukbang phenomenon has gained substantial popularity among young individuals over the past years, rising concerns about its potential impact on their eating habits and health, especially when overconsumed. Overconsumption of mukbang content, or Mukbang addiction, aligns with the core features of addiction, including compulsive engagement, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, making it comparable to other addictive behaviors. Mukbang addiction can lead to detrimental effects on mental and physical health, including neglect of balanced nutrition, disordered eating habits, obesity, feelings of guilt, shame, poor self-esteem, distorted self-images, body dissatisfaction, heightened anxiety or depression, and social isolation. Given these significant impacts, valid and reliable tools are crucial to enable an accurate assessment of Mukbang addiction. This study proposes to translate, adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the Mukbang Addiction Scale (MAS) in a sample of Arabic-speaking individuals from the general population. Findings showed that the six MAS items loaded on a single factor with strong internal consistency and good convergent validity, preliminarily indicating its potential validity and reliability for assessing addictive mukbang-watching among Arabic-speaking individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wizra Saeed
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisma Merdad
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwana Amin
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tabassum Rashid
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia.
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Tunis, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Nicolaou M, Toumba M, Kythreotis A, Daher H, Skordis N. Obesogens in Adolescence: Challenging Aspects and Prevention Strategies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:602. [PMID: 38790597 PMCID: PMC11120186 DOI: 10.3390/children11050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic, with significant increases in prevalence over recent decades. While excessive calorie consumption and physical inactivity are known factors, emerging research highlights the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), particularly obesogens, in obesity's pathogenesis. This review explores the historical context of the environmental obesogens hypothesis, their sources, mechanism of action, impact on prenatal and postnatal development, and epigenetics. Additionally, it discusses the long-term consequences of childhood obesity and proposes prevention strategies that will mitigate negative health effects. Obesogens were found to disrupt hormonal balance and metabolic processes through various mechanisms such as altering gene expression, hormonal interference, and inflammation. Especially significant was exposure during critical windows of development, which correlates with an increased risk of obesity in childhood or adolescence. Long-term effects of childhood obesity include chronic health conditions and psychosocial issues. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address childhood obesity encompassing genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Prevention strategies should focus on reducing obesogen exposure, promoting healthy lifestyles, and implementing regulatory policies. Future research should investigate obesogens-diet interactions, microbiome impacts, and combined obesogens effects. Long-term human studies are also crucial for validating findings from animal models and allowing for informed decision-making to combat the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nicolaou
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Meropi Toumba
- Paediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, 2024 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Alexandros Kythreotis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (M.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Habib Daher
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Nicos Skordis
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Center for Specialized Paediatrics, 2025 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Sarhan MM, Alhazmi HA. Fast food consumption and its relationship with oral health among US adults: A cross-sectional NHANES-based study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:728-732. [PMID: 38766299 PMCID: PMC11096624 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the link between fast-food consumption and oral health outcomes as measured by the mean number of decayed, missing due to dental disease, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and teeth with untreated dental caries. This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The data used was collected from 11,288 participants aged 20 and above from 2015 to 2018. The frequency of fast-food consumption was divided into two groups: "less than two meals over the past seven days" and "two meals or more over the past seven days." The mean number of DMFT and teeth with untreated dental caries were used to assess the participants' oral health. The link between fast-food consumption and these mean values was explored using Poisson regression analysis, in which confounding variables such as income, race, age, and sex were adjusted for. After adjusting for these variables, the results revealed that individuals who reported consuming two or more fast-food meals during the preceding seven days had higher mean numbers of DMFT and teeth with untreated dental caries compared to those who consumed less than two fast-food meals during the same period (adjusted mean ratio = 1.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.10 and mean ratio = 1.22; 95 % CI 1.01-1.47, respectively). Conclusion: This study revealed a link between poor oral health outcomes and fast-food consumption. Consequently, public health officials must focus on fast-food settings and availability of high-sugar-content items. Interventions that target fast-food outlets and what they offer may have a positive impact on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Sarhan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al- Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. Alhazmi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Alhhazmi AA, Almutawif YA, Mumena WA, Alhazmi SM, Abujamel TS, Alhusayni RM, Aloufi R, Al-Hejaili RR, Alhujaily R, Alrehaili LM, Alsaedy RA, Khoja RH, Ahmed W, Abdelmohsen MF, Mohammed-Saeid W. Identification of Gut Microbiota Profile Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Population. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5019. [PMID: 37894386 PMCID: PMC10605194 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. Microbial dysbiosis and associated metabolites have been associated with CRC occurrence and progression. This study aims to analyze the gut microbiota composition and the enriched metabolic pathways in patients with late-stage CRC. In this study, a cohort of 25 CRC patients diagnosed at late stage III and IV and 25 healthy participants were enrolled. The fecal bacterial composition was investigated using V3-V4 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, followed by clustering and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analyses. A cluster of ortholog genes' (COG) functional annotations and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to identify enrichment pathways between the two groups. The findings showed that the fecal microbiota between the two groups varied significantly in alpha and beta diversities. CRC patients' fecal samples had significantly enriched populations of Streptococcus salivarius, S. parasanguins, S. anginosus, Lactobacillus mucosae, L. gasseri, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Aerococcus, Family XIII_AD3001 Group, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alistipes, Ralstonia, and Pseudomonas (Q < 0.05). The enriched pathways identified in the CRC group were amino acid transport, signaling and metabolism, membrane biogenesis, DNA replication and mismatch repair system, and protease activity (Q < 0.05). These results suggested that the imbalance between intestinal bacteria and the elevated level of the predicated functions and pathways may contribute to the development of advanced CRC tumors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the exact role of the gut microbiome in CRC and its potential implications for use in diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A. Alhhazmi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Yahya A. Almutawif
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Walaa A. Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaima M. Alhazmi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba M. Alhusayni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Raghad Aloufi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Razan R. Al-Hejaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Rahaf Alhujaily
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.A.); (R.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lama M. Alrehaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Ruya A. Alsaedy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Rahaf H. Khoja
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Wassal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdelmohsen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Oncology Department, King Fahd Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (R.R.A.-H.); (L.M.A.); (R.A.A.); (R.H.K.); (W.A.); (W.M.-S.)
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Khatib MA, Saleemani HH, Kurdi NB, Alhibshi HN, Jastaniah MA, Ajabnoor SM. Low Emulsifier Diet in Healthy Female Adults: A Feasibility Study of Nutrition Education and Counseling Intervention. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2644. [PMID: 37830680 PMCID: PMC10572653 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulsifiers are food additives commonly found in processed foods to improve texture stabilization and food preservation. Dietary emulsifier intake can potentially damage the gut mucosal lining resulting in chronic inflammation such as Crohn's disease. This study investigates the feasibility of a low-emulsifier diet among healthy female adults, as no previous reports have studied the feasibility of such a diet on healthy participants. A quasi-experimental study for a nutrition education and counseling intervention was conducted over 14 days among healthy Saudi participants aged 18 years and over. Assessment of dietary intake using 3-day food records was conducted at the baseline and 2-week follow-up. Participants attended an online educational session using the Zoom application illustrating instructions for a low-emulsifier diet. Daily exposure to emulsifiers was evaluated and nutrient intake was measured. A total of 30 participants completed the study. At baseline, 38 emulsifiers were identified, with a mean ± SD exposure of 12.23 ± 10.07 emulsifiers consumed per day. A significant reduction in the mean frequency of dietary emulsifier intake was observed at the end of the intervention (12.23 ± 10.07 vs. 6.30 ± 7.59, p < 0.01). However, intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Good adherence to the diet was achieved by 40% of the participants, and 16.66% attained a 50% reduction of emulsifier intake. The study demonstrates that a low-emulsifier diet provided via dietary advice is feasible to follow and tolerable by healthy participants. However, the diet still needs further investigation and assessment of it is nutritional intake and quality before implementing it in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are at high risk of poor nutritional intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A. Khatib
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Almutairi OM, Alhomaid TA, Alshuaibi AM, Ahmad Alahmad RM, Al Mardhamah NH, Alamri T. The Influence of Eating Habits on Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42638. [PMID: 37644936 PMCID: PMC10461219 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several dietary factors are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. The increasing consumption of processed and sugary foods, including fast food and sugary beverages, in recent decades along with the rising prevalence of diabetes indicate the necessity of exploring the influence of eating habits on diabetes in Saudi Arabia. That is why the association between eating habits and diabetes in Saudi Arabia has become a topic of increasing interest. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to explore the influence of eating habits on the prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia by providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing evidence from studies conducted on this topic in Saudi Arabia. A systematic search was conducted using predefined search terms in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies investigating the relationship between eating habits and diabetes prevalence among the Saudi Arabian population were included. Data extraction was performed, and the quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools. The findings were synthesized and discussed. Understanding the association between eating habits and diabetes in Saudi Arabia is crucial for developing effective preventive and management strategies for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases and promoting healthier eating habits in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Almutairi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Turki Alamri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Munawir Alhejely MM, Shibli KY, Hamed Almalki WA, Felemban GMB, Alluhaybi HS, Majrashi BM, Bakhsh BY. Influence of Lifestyle Changes on Cardiovascular Diseases in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40075. [PMID: 37425506 PMCID: PMC10326797 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone tremendous socio-economic development and urbanization over the past few decades, which has profoundly changed the lifestyle leading to several risk factors that contribute to the high prevalence of CVD. This systematic review identified significant lifestyle factors associated with CVD risk in order to inform effective interventions to decrease the CVD burden in Saudi Arabia. We researched all published articles and reports evaluating CVD risk factors in Saudi Arabia in the last four years from the following databases: Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase. A total of 19 articles and 1 report were included. Physical inactivity was among 69.4% of the population, mostly among Saudi women, and was associated with 1.4-1.5 odds of CVD. Obesity prevalence was 49.6%-57% and was associated with more odds of CVD among women than men (3.3 odds vs. 2.38 odds). More than a third (34.4%) of the Saudi population studied ate unhealthy diets (rich in fat, poor in fibers, less vegetables and fruits, and ultra-processed), which was found to more than triple (almost quadruple) the CVD risks (OR=3.8). Smoking prevalence was 12.2%-26.2% and was more among men. Other factors, such as type 2 diabetes (OR=2.3) and stress (5.4%-16.9%), were also identified as factors. The prevalence of CVD lifestyle-related risk factors is still high in Saudi Arabia, especially physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, and smoking, which highlights the urgent need for lifestyle modifications and public health campaigns and collaboration among the Saudi government and its partners to effectively improve cardiovascular health in Saudi Arabia.
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Media use, dietary intake, and diet quality of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02505-5. [PMID: 36750738 PMCID: PMC9903280 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive media use can affect diet of adolescents, but relevant data in Saudi Arabia are lacking. The present study aimed to explore the association between media use, dietary intake, and diet quality among adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included data of 631 adolescents (ages 11-18 years) who were randomly recruited from 16 schools located in two main cities in the Western region of Saudi Arabia (Madinah and Jeddah). Envelopes including a questionnaire were sent home to collect sociodemographic data. Students then completed the short-form food frequency questionnaire to assess diet quality. Data on media use, anthropometrics, and 24-h dietary recalls were also collected. RESULTS A high proportion of adolescents (86.2%) exceeded media use recommendations of ≤2 h per day. Significantly higher proportions of younger adolescents, males, and non-Saudis reported media use within the recommendation compared to their peers. Media use predicted lower diet quality score (B = -0.67 [95% CI: -1.09 to -0.28]) and lower intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin C (B = -104 [95% CI: -203 to -5.24], B = -2.13 [95% CI: -4.15 to -0.11], B = -23.5 [95% CI: -41.3 to -5.65], B = -24.0 [95% CI: -45.1 to -2.96], respectively). CONCLUSION Interventions to limit media use are urgently needed for adolescents in Saudi Arabia to improve diet quality and overall nutritional health. IMPACT Excessive media use can affect diet of adolescents, but relevant data are lacking in Saudi Arabia. The majority of adolescents exceed the recommendations for media use. Media use was negatively associated with diet quality and intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin C. This study will inform public health entities and policy makers to draw evidence-based, culturally tailored recommendations and develop nutrition interventions to enhance diet quality and nutritional status of adolescents. Findings of this study highlight the urgency to develop intervention programs and policies that aim to limit media use among adolescents.
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Bookari K. What is the level of nutrition literacy of Saudi adolescents? A national wide exploratory cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1113910. [PMID: 36712527 PMCID: PMC9878316 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being a prolific research topic, studies evaluating nutrition literacy in the Arab world are scant and still nonexistent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, a national study was launched with the aim to (1) assess nutrition literacy among Saudi adolescents aged 10-19 years old and (2) determine its correlates. Methods A cross-sectional study was launched across all Saudi provinces between 29 April and 6 June 2022, enrolling a convenience sample of 2,115 adolescents (mean age = 16.8 ± 2.5; girls: 48.7%). An online self-administered questionnaire was disseminated to eligible participants to collect relevant data. Results Study findings showed that nearly half of the adolescents (44.6%) had poor nutrition literacy. The male gender doubled the risk of adolescents having poor nutrition literacy (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.5-2.5, p < 0.001). Northern border residents were 14 times more likely to be nutritionally illiterate, in contrast to adolescents residing in Riyadh (OR = 14.0, CI = 7.3-28.0, p < 0.001). Adolescents were more likely to be nutritionally illiterate if they were underweight or overweight (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.6-4.7, p < 0.001; OR = 2.2, CI = 1.7-2.9, p < 0.001). School students had 2 times more risk of having poor nutrition literacy, in contrast to those who were enrolled in universities (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.4-2.4, p < 0.001). Nutrition illiteracy was 4 times higher among adolescents having caregivers else than their parents (OR = 3.9, CI = 2.2-6.9, p < 0.001). Parental education level also contributed to determining adolescents' nutrition literacy status. Conclusions It has become essential to courage the development of supportive school environments in Saudi Arabia to promote nutrition education and improve adolescents' nutrition literacy. Without a doubt, this calls for taking a holistic approach on the part of education and health ministries, nutrition professionals, educators, parents, and, most importantly, the teenagers themselves, who must have the desire and motivation to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Bookari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
- National Nutrition Committee (NNC), Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Establishing the Prevalence of Osteomalacia in Arab Adolescents Using Biochemical Markers of Bone Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245354. [PMID: 36558513 PMCID: PMC9784134 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition-acquired osteomalacia is a bone mineralization disorder associated with dietary calcium and/or solar vitamin D deficiency, risk factors considered common in the Middle Eastern region. Establishing less invasive, cheap, and widely available diagnostic markers for this underdiagnosed entity is essential, in particular for screening in high-risk groups. This study assessed the prevalence of biochemical osteomalacia in Arab adolescents. In this cross-sectional study performed between September 2019 and March 2021, adolescents aged 12−17 years from 60 different secondary and preparatory year schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included. Anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were collected. Biochemical osteomalacia was defined as any two of the following four serum markers of hypomineralization, namely low 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD < 30 nmol/L), high alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low calcium (Ca), and/or inorganic phosphorous (Pi). A total of 2938 Arab adolescents [1697 girls; mean age (years) 14.8 ± 1.8; 1241 boys; mean age 15.1 ± 1.6] were recruited. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 56.2% (n = 953) of girls and 27.1% (n = 336) of boys (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of biochemical osteomalacia was 10.0% (n = 295/2938) and was higher in girls than boys (14.7% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of low serum Ca and/or Pi was also higher in girls than in boys (24.2% vs. 12.5%, respectively, p < 0.001), as well as elevated ALP (5.1% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001). Overall, girls were 4.6 times (95% CI 3.3−6.4) more likely to have biochemical osteomalacia than boys. Screening of apparently healthy Arab adolescents revealed a high prevalence of deranged mineralization markers suggestive of biochemical osteomalacia, which was significantly more common in girls than boys and was likely associated with Arab traditional clothing and diet. The proposed combination of typically altered mineralization markers for the diagnosis of osteomalacia is, at best, suggestive until further comparisons with established diagnostic tools (histological analysis of bone biopsies) are conducted.
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