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Boltivets S, Gonchar T, Gonchar O, Uralova L, Chelyadyn Y. Neurotic Disorders in Children and Adults Under Social Stress Neurosis in Kids and Adults: Social Stress. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:317-324. [PMID: 38536041 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The relevance of the research subject is to explore the neurotic disorders that arise in people affected by the Russian-Ukrainian war and who witness violence and war crimes. The purpose of the research is to reflect the specific features of the mental reaction of children and adults to military actions as an example of global social stress. Bibliographic, bibliosemantic, and statistical research methods were used in the research. Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, the number of patients with prolonged depression and schizophrenia has increased, and neurotic disorders has become more severe and acute. Particular attention should be devoted to assistance to military personnel who have been in the combat zone for a long time and former military prisoners of war. Attention should be devoted to the psyche, emotionality, and behavior of people with labile and unformed nervous systems-children, adolescents, pregnant women, and people of retirement age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Boltivets
- Department of Youth Policy Development, State Institute of Family and Youth Policy of Ukraine
| | - Tymur Gonchar
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Medical Psychology
| | - Oleksiy Gonchar
- Radiology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Uralova
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Medical Psychology
| | - Yuliya Chelyadyn
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Medical Psychology
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Kamp D, Faustmann TJ, Kovach N, Lüdtke J, Schiffers ML, Jänner M, Schilbach L. [Psychiatric care in a native-speaking Ukrainian outpatient clinic for refugees at a psychiatric university hospital in Germany]. DER NERVENARZT 2024:10.1007/s00115-024-01661-1. [PMID: 38639761 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kamp
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie 2, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Timo Jendrik Faustmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie 2, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Nadiya Kovach
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie 2, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Jana Lüdtke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie 2, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Maria Luisa Schiffers
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie 2, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Michaela Jänner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Psychiatrie 2, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, München, Deutschland
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Pavlova I, Rogowska AM, Zhang SX. Mental Health and well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic and After the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. J Community Health 2024; 49:173-182. [PMID: 37620707 PMCID: PMC10881779 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The study compared the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A repeated online cross-sectional study was performed twice among university students in Ukraine: in November 2020 (Pre-war sample, n = 752) and September-October 2022 (During-war sample, n = 862). The survey measured life satisfaction (SWLS), perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Stress, anxiety, and life satisfaction levels were similar during the war and pandemic, while symptoms of depression decreased during the war, compared to the pandemic. Network analysis showed that anxiety has a crucial effect on depression and stress, and stress is most closely related to life satisfaction. The association of life satisfaction with anxiety and depression disappeared in wartime, in contrast to the pandemic. The priority of prevention and intervention programs in wartime Ukraine should focus on anxiety as the most influential factor in other mental health and well-being problems. The results showed high resistance and adaptation to war conditions among university students in Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Pavlova
- Theory and Methods of Physical Culture Department, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Stephen X Zhang
- Faculty of Arts, Law and Economics, Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Business, Adelaide, Australia
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Bohland HK, Kimbel R, Kegel P, Dietz P, Koestner C, Letzel S, Kurmeyer C, Jesuthasan J, Schouler-Ocak M, Zier U. Depression and anxiety in female refugees from East Africa and the Middle East displaced to Germany: cross-sectional results of the female refugee study, taking sociodemographic and migration-related factors into account. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1303009. [PMID: 38239899 PMCID: PMC10794566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1303009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
At the end of 2022, 108.4 million people around the world were forcibly displaced, the highest number ever recorded. Of these, 50% were women. Despite this situation, little is known about the mental health of female refugees. The first aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among female refugees in Germany. The second aim was to examine which sociodemographic and migration-related variables have an impact on refugees' mental health, and the third aim was to assess the potential predictors of their mental health. A sample of 92 female refugees from East Africa and the Middle East living in Germany were interviewed. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). The experience of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) was assessed using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). In our sample of female refugees, 65.2% reported symptoms of depression, and 60.9% reported symptoms of anxiety. Symptoms of depression or anxiety were associated with being from the Middle East, having a higher level of education, and reporting more PTEs. The multiple regression model for anxiety was able to explain 32.4% of the variance in anxiety symptoms. The findings highlight the high burden of mental health problems that female refugees bear. The identified predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms should sensitize medical and refugee professionals to identify vulnerable individuals and groups, refer them to appropriate psychological treatment, and, where possible, modify the identified predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Katharina Bohland
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Renate Kimbel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Kegel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Koestner
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Kurmeyer
- Women and equal opportunities office, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jesuthasan
- Psychiatric University Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- Psychiatric University Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zier
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Pavlova I, Rogowska AM. Exposure to war, war nightmares, insomnia, and war-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A network analysis among university students during the war in Ukraine. J Affect Disord 2023; 342:148-156. [PMID: 37690539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the prevalence and associations between war-related variables among Ukrainians during the Russian invasion. The present study assesses the prevalence and associations between exposure to war (EW), nightmares of war (NW), insomnia, and war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (WPTSD) among university students from Ukraine. METHODS During the war, an online cross-sectional study was performed among university students (N = 1072) from western Ukraine. Newly developed questions evaluated EW and NW, while insomnia was measured using Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and for assessing war-related PTSD symptoms, we adopted an abbreviated six-item PTSD checklist (PCL-6). The associations between exposure to war, nightmares of war, and symptoms of insomnia and PTSD were examined using network analysis (NA). RESULTS Among university students, 98 % declared exposure to war, 86 % dreamed nightmares of war, 49 % experienced insomnia symptoms, and 27 % presented symptoms of PTSD. A network analysis found that war-related PTSD has a central and the greatest impact on the frequency of war nightmares and the severity of insomnia symptoms. LIMITATIONS Self-report measurements were applied to a gender-unbalanced sample of university students from the western regions of Ukraine, so it would be inappropriate to generalize to the population directly affected by the war. CONCLUSIONS War-related PTSD symptoms had the most significant impact on the other variables. Therefore, war-related PTSD should be a priority in treatment among university students in Ukraine. However, multidisciplinary integrative intervention programs that treat nightmares, insomnia, and PTSD, can be the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Pavlova
- Theory and Methods of Physical Culture Department, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
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Kovács J, Csukonyi C, Kovács KE, Liszka D, Walawender P. Integrative attitudes of Ukrainian war refugees in two neighboring European countries (Poland and Hungary) in connection with posttraumatic stress symptoms and social support. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1256102. [PMID: 38035297 PMCID: PMC10687397 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since February 24th, 2022, millions of Ukrainians have sought refuge in other, mainly European countries. Hungary, after Poland, is the second largest host of Ukrainian refugees. Only a portion of them are asylum seekers (~11.0% in Poland and ~ 1.1% in Hungary). The aim of the study is to compare the integrative acculturation attitudes between the war refugees residing in the two European countries. The comparison takes into account both the suffering of posttraumatic stress symptoms and social support. It is the first comparative study of this kind pertaining to the Ukrainian refugees in European countries. The data were obtained by a survey method using the modified CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) technique. The data analyzed were collected between November 21st and December 20th, 2022 from 728 adult Ukrainian individuals who crossed the borders of Poland and Hungary after February 24th, 2022. The research results show that refugees in Poland perceive significantly more social support and show stronger integrative attitudes than refugees in Hungary. The two samples do not differ regarding the presence of posttraumatic stress. The integrative attitudes proved not to be linked to gender and age, but linked to the host country. Besides social support and the host country, posttraumatic stress also proved to be a significant predictor of integrative attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Csukonyi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Damian Liszka
- Institute of Sociology, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Walawender
- Institute of Sociology, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Poland
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Guerrero Z, Melicharová H, Kavanová M, Prokop D, Škvrňák M, Kunc M, Leontiyeva Y, Vitíková J, Spurný M, Pilnáček M, Kyselá M, Zhmurko O, Tabery P, Winkler P. Mental health conditions and help-seeking among Ukrainian war refugees in Czechia: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115552. [PMID: 37864995 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to screen Ukrainian war refugees (UWR) in Czechia for depression and anxiety, and to assess their recognition of personal mental health problems and related help-seeking. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of UWR in Czechia. We used PHQ-8 and GAD-7 to screen for depression and anxiety, SELF-I to assess the recognition of respondents' own mental health problems, and a set of questions regarding mental health-related help-seeking. FINDINGS Our sample consisted of 1,347 UWR. More than 41 % of respondents screened positively for moderate or severe depression and more than 23 % for moderate or severe anxiety. Self-recognition of mental health as well as help-seeking was very low among those who screened positively for moderate or severe depression or anxiety. INTERPRETATION Even those UWR who report severe symptoms do not identify themselves as potentially having mental health issues and are not seeking help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Guerrero
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Czechia; WHO Collaborating Center for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, National Institute of Mental Health, Czechia
| | - Hana Melicharová
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Czechia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yana Leontiyeva
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Jana Vitíková
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Martin Spurný
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Matouš Pilnáček
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Monika Kyselá
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Olga Zhmurko
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Paulína Tabery
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czechia
| | - Petr Winkler
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, National Institute of Mental Health, Czechia; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London.
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Rizzi D, Ciuffo G, Landoni M, Mangiagalli M, Ionio C. Psychological and environmental factors influencing resilience among Ukrainian refugees and internally displaced persons: a systematic review of coping strategies and risk and protective factors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1266125. [PMID: 37876848 PMCID: PMC10590896 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is much discussion in the literature about the link between traumatic events related to war and mental illness. However, in comparison, mental health has been more researched than protective factors such as coping methods, which are the primary factors to build resilience in these circumstances. This review examines the psychological and environmental elements that influence the resilience of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs by analyzing coping strategies and risk and protective factors. Methods A literature search was conducted on PsycINFO, Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct, with 259 articles screened and 13 determined as eligible for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies on adult Ukrainian refugees and/or IDPs; (2) original, peer-reviewed studies; and (3) studies written in English or Italian language. Single-case reports and qualitative studies were excluded, as well as those studies written in any other language, and any studies for which the full-text version could not be obtained (i.e., conference abstracts). Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts, reviewed relevant articles' full text, and extracted the data. Results A diverse range of individual and socio-environmental risk and protective factors were identified, influencing the resilience of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs, as well as five main categories of coping strategies: emotion-focused strategies, problem-focused strategies, avoidance, faith-based strategies, and the ones based on sense of belonging. Discussion War trauma and associated stressors can lead to distressing physical and psychological reactions, which persist even after leaving the war zone. Many individual and socio-environmental risk factors, such as mental disorders, financial security, having relatives wounded or displaced, and an unfamiliar environment could influence the risk and severity of psychological difficulties, emphasizing the importance of coping strategies, social connections, faith, and cultural resilience. Conclusion This systematic review underscores the complex range of coping strategies and factors influencing the resilience of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs. Social connections and inclusive community interventions play vital roles in improving their psychological well-being, while longitudinal studies and culturally sensitive support are needed to address their unique challenges and strengths. Implementing collaborative care models can provide comprehensive support by integrating mental health services with primary healthcare and community-based organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzi
- Fondazione Soleterre Strategie di Pace ONLUS, Milan, Italy
- Unità di Medicina d’Urgenza, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciuffo
- Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
- CRIdee, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Landoni
- CRIdee, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Mangiagalli
- Fondazione Soleterre Strategie di Pace ONLUS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ionio
- Unità di Ricerca sul Trauma, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
- CRIdee, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Milan, Italy
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Rogowska AM, Pavlova I. A path model of associations between war-related exposure to trauma, nightmares, fear, insomnia, and posttraumatic stress among Ukrainian students during the Russian invasion. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115431. [PMID: 37688837 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the associations between war-related exposure, nightmares, fear, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms among university students from Western Ukraine. An online cross-sectional study was performed among 1,072 university students (80% of whom were women) during the war. Eight questions were developed to assess exposure to war, and seven items were designed regarding nightmares of war. War-related PTSD symptoms were assessed using an abbreviated six-item PTSD checklist (PCL-6), insomnia was measured using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and to examine fear of war, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FoCV-19S) was adopted. Positive correlations were found between exposure to war, nightmares of war, fear of war, insomnia, and war-related PTSD. The path model using structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis showed that the chain mediation partially explains the relationship between war exposure and war-related PTSD symptoms via nightmares of war, fear of war, and insomnia among university students during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Women scored significantly higher than men in fear of war and symptoms of insomnia and PTSD, but the path model was invariant across genders. Young adults require treatment focused primarily on nightmares, insomnia, and fear of war to prevent PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Theory and Methods of Physical Culture Department, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
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Li DJ, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Paliga M, Hapon N, Karamushka L, Żywiołek-Szeja M, McIntyre RS, Chiang SK, Chen YL, Yen CF, Man RHC. Rumination about the Russo-Ukrainian War and its related factors among individuals in Poland and Ukraine. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:943-953. [PMID: 37283450 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the level of rumination about the war among people living in Poland and Ukraine. This cross-sectional study recruited internet users from advertisements on social media. Levels of rumination, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), time spent on news of the war, and related demographic variables were collected. The reliability and construct validity of rumination were estimated. Potential factors associated with the level of rumination were identified using univariate linear regression analysis, and further entered into a stepwise multivariate linear regression model to identify independent factors. Due to the non-normality of distribution, multivariate linear regression with 5000 bootstrap samples was used to verify the results. A total of 1438 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 1053 lived in Poland and 385 lived in Ukraine. The questionnaires on rumination were verified to have satisfactory reliability and validity. After analysis with stepwise and bootstrap regression, older age, female gender, higher DASS and IES-R scores, and longer time spent on news of the war were significantly associated with higher levels of rumination for both people living in Poland and Ukraine. Lower self-rated health status, history of chronic medical illness and coronavirus disease 2019 infection were also positively associated with rumination for people living in Poland. We identified several factors associated with the level of rumination about the Russo-Ukrainian War. Further investigations are warranted to understand how rumination affects individuals' lives during crises such as war.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Jeng Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Mateusz Paliga
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Nadiya Hapon
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Ivan Franko National University in Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Karamushka
- G. S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marta Żywiołek-Szeja
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Soon-Kiat Chiang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Roger Ho Chun Man
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Długosz P. War trauma and strategies for coping with stress among Ukrainian refugees staying in Poland. J Migr Health 2023; 8:100196. [PMID: 37637859 PMCID: PMC10450964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Russian military aggression against Ukraine resulted in a humanitarian crisis. There was a mass exodus of war refugees. More than 17 million people have left Ukraine since the war broke out. The refugees who came to Poland and other countries have experienced war trauma. The study aims to assess mental health of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland. Population and methods At the time of the study, that is, in April and May 2022, between 1,5 million and 2 million Ukrainian refugees were staying in Poland. They were mainly young women with their children. The CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique was used in the study. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling. The invitation to take part in the survey was posted on social media for Ukrainians in Poland, and also sent to the participants of a Polish as a Foreign Language course. The study utilizes the RHS-15 and a nominal scale measuring the strategies for coping with stress. Results The research sample consists of 737 respondents. The results of the screening tests indicate that depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD may be observed among 73% of respondents, whereas 66% of the respondents display psychological distress. The analyses have shown that higher levels of mental health disorders were observed among women and refugees who do not speak Polish. Younger respondents experienced a higher psychological distress. The results of the study also indicate that the refugees more often implemented problem-focused strategies. The analysis has shown that the respondents who followed active strategies scored the lowest on RHS-15. The emotion-focused strategies, such as praying, diverting attention by becoming involved in different activities or taking sedatives were not effective. The highest levels of disorders were present among the refugees who indicated resignation. Conclusions The collected observations indicate that the main problem which might hinder their adaptation could be mental health issues, which in turn impact the general deterioration of health and the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Długosz
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, ul. Podchorążych 2, Kraków 30-084, Poland
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Kostev K, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Jacob L. Increase of anxiety disorder diagnoses in March and April 2022 in Germany- A consequence of the war? J Psychosom Res 2023; 168:111215. [PMID: 36933365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Kostev
- University Clinic, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany; Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. Refugee Health: A Global and Multidisciplinary Challenge. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e60. [PMID: 36786089 PMCID: PMC9925328 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing war and evolving humanitarian crisis in Ukraine have forced millions of women, children, and elderly people to flee the war zones and relocate across Poland, other European countries, and elsewhere in the world. As a result, numerous health issues have emerged in the host countries, ranging from the refugees' low immunization coverage to psychological distress and multimorbidities. Humanitarian support and multidisciplinary approach to the issues may help to improve the refugees' health and well-being. Involving relocated medics in rehabilitation and medical care of their compatriots may offer psychosocial and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Zimba
- Department of Clinical Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine N2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK
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Nowicka M, Jarczewska-Gerc E, Marszal-Wisniewska M. Response of Polish Psychiatric Patients to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine in February 2022-Predictive Role of Risk Perception and Temperamental Traits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:325. [PMID: 36612646 PMCID: PMC9819680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 on Polish patients with depression and schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that possible changes in symptoms may be predicted by the subjective risk perception related with the Russo-Ukraine War (RUW) as well as by temperamental traits. The study was conducted with 80 patients with schizophrenia or depression. A questionnaire measuring sociodemographic characteristics, perception of risk, temperamental characteristics, and symptoms of depression and schizophrenia were used as research tools. Symptom intensity was compared with the average symptom intensity calculated on the basis of archival symptom measurements from the three consecutive months preceding the outbreak of the RUW. Predictors of change in symptoms were also analyzed, taking into account sociodemographic variables, the level of risk perception, and temperamental traits. The results indicate the specific patterns of reactions to war danger for patients with different types of psychiatric diagnosis. Depressed patients reacted with an increase in seven symptoms related to unworthiness and/or guilt, lack of interest, and/or pleasure and pessimism. The response of schizophrenic patients was related only with an increase in positive symptoms. This study highlights the need to provide more support to psychiatric patients in acute emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nowicka
- Institute of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jarczewska-Gerc
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland
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