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Reges O, Abu Ahmad W, Battat E, Saliba W, Wolff Sagy Y, Danon A, Lavie G. Trends in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diagnoses and Procedures over the Years 2012-2021 in Israel: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2024; 13:476. [PMID: 38256610 PMCID: PMC10816154 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies found reduced incidences of cardiovascular diagnoses and treatments in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these studies included a limited number of outcomes and did not consider pre-pandemic trends. This study aimed to describe trends in the incidence of cardiovascular diagnoses and treatments over the years 2012-2021 in Israel and to compare the two years of the COVID-19 period with the preceding 8 years. In this retrospective, population-based study, carried out within Clalit Health Services, the incidence rates of cardiovascular outcomes were calculated for individuals aged ≥ 25 (~2.7 million adults per year) during the first (Y1, 3/2020-2/2021) and second (Y2, 3/2021-2/2022) years of COVID-19 and the 8 years prior (3/2012-2/2020). Declines were observed in Y1 compared to 2019 in all diagnoses and treatments: STEMI (-16.3%; 95% CI: -16.6, -16.1), non-STEMI (-16.4%; -16.6, -16.2), AF (-14.1%; -14.2, -14.0), CHF (-7.8%; -7.9, -7.7), CVA (-5.0%; -5.0, -4.9), catheterization (-64.7%; -65.2, -64.2), CABG (-77.7%; -79.2, -76.2), ablation (-21.2%; -22.0, -20.4), pacemaker implantation (-39.3%; -40.7, -37.9), and defibrillator insertion (-12.5%; -13.1, -12.0). Compared with expected rates based on pre-pandemic trends, observed rates were within expected ranges (CHF, CVA, and ablation), less than expected (STEMI, non-STEMI, AF, catheterization, CABG, and pacemaker insertion), or more than expected (defibrillator insertion). In Y2, STEMI, catheterization, and CABG returned to expected rates; non-STEMI and AF were lower than expected; and CHF, CVA, ablation, and pacemaker and defibrillator implantations were higher than expected. Several cardiovascular diagnoses and treatment trends were interrupted by COVID-19. The long-term consequences of these changes should be considered by health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Reges
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Branch of Planning and Strategy, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6209804, Israel; (W.A.A.); (E.B.); (Y.W.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- Branch of Planning and Strategy, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6209804, Israel; (W.A.A.); (E.B.); (Y.W.S.); (G.L.)
- Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Erez Battat
- Branch of Planning and Strategy, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6209804, Israel; (W.A.A.); (E.B.); (Y.W.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Walid Saliba
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel;
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Yael Wolff Sagy
- Branch of Planning and Strategy, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6209804, Israel; (W.A.A.); (E.B.); (Y.W.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Asaf Danon
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
- Department of Cardiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Gil Lavie
- Branch of Planning and Strategy, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6209804, Israel; (W.A.A.); (E.B.); (Y.W.S.); (G.L.)
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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