Onugha EA, Banerjee A, Vimalajeewa HD, Nobleza KJ, Nguyen DT, Racette SB, Dave JM. Dietary Sodium and Potassium Patterns in Adults with Food Insecurity in the Context of Hypertension Risk.
MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.01.24302167. [PMID:
38352358 PMCID:
PMC10863033 DOI:
10.1101/2024.02.01.24302167]
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Abstract
Background
Food insecurity (FIS), characterized by the lack of consistent access to nutritious food, is associated with hypertension and adverse health outcomes. Despite evidence of a higher prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in patients living with FIS, there is limited data exploring the underlying mechanism.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 17,015 adults aged 18-65 years, using dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018). Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to examine the association between FIS, HTN, and dietary sodium and potassium levels.
Results
Individuals reporting FIS had a significantly lower mean intake of potassium (2.5±0.03 gm) compared to those in food-secure households (2.74±0.02 gm). No significant difference was found in the mean dietary sodium intake based on food security status. Non-Hispanic Black participants showed a high prevalence of HTN and FIS. While Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic participants had a high prevalence of FIS, it did not appear to influence their risk of HTN.
Conclusions
Adults with FIS and HTN were more likely to report a lower dietary potassium intake. Increasing access to healthy foods, particularly potassium-rich foods, for individuals facing FIS, may contribute to reducing the HTN prevalence and improving cardiovascular outcomes.
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