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Ramamurthy K, Priya PS, Murugan R, Arockiaraj J. Hues of risk: investigating genotoxicity and environmental impacts of azo textile dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33190-33211. [PMID: 38676865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The textile industry, with its extensive use of dyes and chemicals, stands out as a significant source of water pollution. Exposure to certain textile dyes, such as azo dyes and their breakdown products like aromatic amines, has been associated with health concerns like skin sensitization, allergic reactions, and even cancer in humans. Annually, the worldwide production of synthetic dyes approximates 7 × 107 tons, of which the textile industry accounts for over 10,000 tons. Inefficient dyeing procedures result in the discharge of 15-50% of azo dyes, which do not adequately bind to fibers, into wastewater. This review delves into the genotoxic impact of azo dyes, prevalent in the textile industry, on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Examining different families of textile dye which contain azo group in their structure such as Sudan I and Sudan III Sudan IV, Basic Red 51, Basic Violet 14, Disperse Yellow 7, Congo Red, Acid Red 26, and Acid Blue 113 reveals their carcinogenic potential, which may affect both industrial workers and aquatic life. Genotoxic and carcinogenic characteristics, chromosomal abnormalities, induced physiological and neurobehavioral changes, and disruptions to spermatogenesis are evident, underscoring the harmful effects of these dyes. The review calls for comprehensive investigations into the toxic profile of azo dyes, providing essential insights to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem and human well-being. The importance of effective effluent treatment systems is underscored to mitigate adverse impacts on agricultural lands, water resources, and the environment, particularly in regions heavily reliant on wastewater irrigation for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramamurthy
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Subramaniam S, Ganesan A, Raju N, Rajavel N, Chenniappan M, Prakash C, Pramanik A, Basak AK. Assessment of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms among INDIAN textile sizing mill workers. Work 2024:WOR230399. [PMID: 38640184 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Textile-sizing mill workers are exposed to various hazards in the sizing units during their working hours and are at risk of acquiring lung impairments due to the usage of sizing chemicals in the sizing process. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study is to assess the influence of cotton dust and sizing agents on lung function and breathing difficulties among Indian textile sizing mill workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out at a textile-sizing mill from August 2022 to September 2022. A modified questionnaire based American Thoracic Society's standard was used to assess respiratory symptoms among sizing mill workers and the pulmonary function test was conducted Spirometry. The chi-square test was used to find the difference between respiratory symptoms and the t-test was used to find the difference between spirometric parameters. RESULTS Textile sizing mill workers showed significant (P < 0.0001) decline in peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). There was an association between symptoms and duration of exposure to pulmonary abnormality. Sizing mill workers showed a significant decline in lung functions and an increase in pulmonary symptoms. As the service duration of exposure in terms of years increased, respiratory symptoms increased and spirometric abnormality also increased. CONCLUSION This study confirms that sizing agents such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), emulsifier, wax, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and starch used in sizing mills are also responsible for respiratory illness and lung impairment among textile workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ganesan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Naveenkumar Raju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nithyaprakash Rajavel
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Maheswari Chenniappan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chander Prakash
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Alokesh Pramanik
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Bhattacharjee J, Mishra S, Das AP. Recent Advances in Sensor-Based Detection of Toxic Dyes for Bioremediation Application: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:4745-4764. [PMID: 34799825 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of these harmful dyes has resulted in the surplus presence of these emerging pollutants in the environment, thus demanding an instant and sensitive detection method. Various synthetic dyes are illegitimately mixed into food and other consuming items for displaying bright colours that attracts consumers. The synthetic dyes cause a number of environmental health hazards and promote toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in humans. Despite these serious health glitches, synthetic dyes are widely used due to their much lower cost. As a result, a faster, more selective and extremely sensitive technology for detecting and quantifying hazardous dyes in trace amount is urgently needed. This topic is currently in its initial phases of development and needs continuous refinements, such as explaining various sensing methods and potential future uses linked with dye detection technologies. The present review encompasses a comprehensive literature survey on detection of dyes and latest progress in developing sensors for dye detection and summarizes different detection mechanisms, including biosensor-, optical- and electrochemical-based sensors. Detection methodologies are examined with a focus on biosensor-based recent advancements in dye detection and the growing demand for more appropriate systems in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunanda Mishra
- Department of Botany, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Alok Prasad Das
- Department of Life Science, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Oo TW, Thandar M, Htun YM, Soe PP, Lwin TZ, Tun KM, Han ZM. Assessment of respiratory dust exposure and lung functions among workers in textile mill (Thamine), Myanmar: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:673. [PMID: 33827504 PMCID: PMC8028193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airborne dusts are being potentially harmful for workers in occupational environment. Exposure to respirable dust is the most important concern in textile workers for the widespread of occupational lung diseases, especially more serious in developing countries. The aim of the study was to assess the respirable dust exposure and associated factors of lung functions among textile workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at a textile mill (Thamine), Yangon Region, from April to December, 2018 and a total of 207 textile workers were randomly selected by using a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire for respiratory symptoms, an air sampling pump for assessment of respirable dust exposure, and a spirometer for testing the lung functions. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associated factors of lung functions. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were computed for strength of associations at the significance level of α ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The mean (± standard deviation, SD) respirable dust exposure was 3.3 mg/m3 (± 0.69) and the prevalence of increased respirable dust exposure (> 3 mg/m3) was 50.7%. The level of respirable dust exposure was highest in the textile workers involving at twisting department. The means (± SD) spirometry values were FVC 82.8% (± 17.8), FEV1 83.6% (± 18.5), and FEV1/FVC 0.9 (± 0.1). Overall magnitude of reduced lung functions was 40.1%, and the prevalence of reduced FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were 36.7, 34.3 and 3.9% respectively. The current working at twisting department, > 5 years of service duration, respiratory symptoms and increased respirable dust exposure were associated with reduction in FVC and FEV1. CONCLUSIONS The current working department, service duration, respiratory symptoms and exposure to respirable dust were predictors of lung functions in textile workers. An adequate ventilation, good work practices, hygienic workplace, safety and health training regarding potential health effects, and periodically assessment of lung functions are the critical elements for control of respirable dust exposure and reduction of occupational lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thet Wai Oo
- Special Operation Medical Research Department, Defence Services Medical Research Centre, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Mya Thandar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Public Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ye Minn Htun
- Department of Prevention and Research Development of Hepatitis, AIDS and Other Viral Diseases, Health and Disease Control Unit, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
| | - Pa Pa Soe
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Thant Zaw Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Myo Tun
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zaw Myo Han
- Defence Services Liver Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
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Laohasiriwong W, Srathonghon W, Phajan T, Assana S, Intamat S. Dust exposure and lung function of workers in the brick and clay pottery factories in the Northeast of Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2017.1341738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wongsa Laohasiriwong
- Department of Public Health Administration, Faculty of Public Health and Research and Training Centre for Enhancing Quality of Life for Working Age People, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Teerasak Phajan
- Community Public Health, Sirindhorn College Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Supat Assana
- Community Public Health, Sirindhorn College Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somsak Intamat
- That Phanom Crown Prince Hospital, Nakorn Phanom, Thailand
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Khan AW, Kundi M, Moshammer H. Diminished pulmonary function in long-term workers exposed to cotton dust determined in a cross-sectional study in small Pakistani enterprises. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:722-7. [PMID: 26265670 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While large cotton industry plants producing for the foreign market have undergone improvements of occupational hygiene lately, working conditions in power looms producing mainly for the local market are still poor. The respiratory health in workers of power looms has not been studied so far. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 51 male cotton workers from power looms, 58 from large cotton factories and 52 controls were investigated by spirometry and a symptoms questionnaire. Spirometric measurements and respiratory symptoms were related to exposure duration in large and small factories by multivariate linear regression and logistic regression, respectively, with smoking, age and anthropometric parameters considered as confounders. RESULTS Work duration in power looms was associated with declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak flow, maximum midexpiratory flow and forced expiratory flow 75 and an increased risk of obstruction (OR 1.09/year; 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.18) by applying the Global Lung Initiative equations. Except cough that was only associated with smoking, all respiratory symptoms (chest tightness, shortness of breath, fever) increased as a function of duration of exposure in power looms but not in large factories. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations inherent in the cross-sectional approach, there is evidence for workers in small weaving factories to face an increased risk of pulmonary function loss and respiratory symptoms. Industrial hygiene measures in these small enterprises should be encouraged. Failure to detect adverse respiratory outcomes from occupation in large factories could be due to a 'survivor' (healthy worker) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wali Khan
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Federal Government Polyclinic (PGMI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Becerir T, Akcay A, Duksal F, Ergin A, Becerir C, Guler N. Prevalence of asthma, local risk factors and agreement between written and video questionnaires among Turkish adolescents. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2014; 42:594-602. [PMID: 23969074 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no standard tool for the measurement of asthma in epidemiological studies. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of asthma, to describe the potential local risk factors, and to assess the agreement between written and video questionnaires in 13- to 14-year-old schoolchildren. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study involving 5427 adolescents in 26 schools. Prevalence of asthma symptoms were evaluated using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written and video questionnaire. The adolescents were asked additional questions for risk factors of asthma. RESULTS The prevalence of lifetime wheeze, wheeze in the last 12 months and doctor-diagnosed asthma with written questionnaire were found as 13.5%, 6.3% and 11.2% respectively. Prevalence of lifetime wheeze, wheeze in the last 12 months, wheeze after exercise in the last 12 months, with video questionnaire were found as 9.6%, 5.5%, 11.9% and 1.9% respectively. The proportion of total agreement between the two questionnaires was high (0.77-0.81) with poor kappa value (0.25-0.50). In multivariate analysis, family history of atopy, stuffed toys and accompaniment of children to their parents after school hours in textile industry were found as risk factors for asthma. In addition kind of bird, such as canary was found as a risk factor. CONCLUSION Prevalence of asthma is moderate in Turkey. Agreement between the two questionnaires was high. Accompaniment of children to their parents in textile industry is a newly-described risk factor for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Becerir
- Pamukkale University, Pamukkale School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Denizli, Turkey
| | - A Akcay
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - F Duksal
- Cumhuriyet University, Cumhuriyet School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - A Ergin
- Pamukkale University, Pamukkale School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Denizli, Turkey
| | - C Becerir
- Pamukkale University, Pamukkale School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Denizli, Turkey
| | - N Guler
- Istanbul University, Istanbul School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chumchai P, Silapasuwan P, Wiwatwongkasem C, Arphorn S, Suwan-Ampai P. Prevalence and risk factors of respiratory symptoms among home-based garment workers in Bangkok, Thailand. Asia Pac J Public Health 2014; 27:461-8. [PMID: 25122551 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514545647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms. A cross-sectional study with random sampling method was employed and 300 home-based garment workers (HBGWs) were recruited. Risk factors, including personal factors; knowledge, health preventive behaviors, and skill of self-health surveillance, working condition, and respiratory symptoms were assessed. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Prevalence of respiratory symptom was 22.3%. Majority of participants were female (78%). Mean age and working experience were 37.38 years (SD = 10.70) and 13.58 years (SD = 8.71), respectively. Allergic respiratory symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 16.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.61-31.7) and garment dust exposure (OR = 12.3; 95% CI = 6.49-23.3) were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms (P < .001). Logistic regression analysis indicated history of allergic predicted the respiratory symptoms (OR = 12.96; 95% CI = 4.24-39.55). HBGWs who had serious allergic symptoms and high exposure to dust were at risk of respiratory symptoms. Therefore, preventive program for garment dust exposure among HBGWs is needed.
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Alamgir H, Cooper SP, Delclos GL. Garments fire: history repeats itself. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:1113-5. [PMID: 23813638 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasanat Alamgir
- School of Public Health; University of Texas; San Antonio Campus; Texas
| | - Sharon P. Cooper
- School of Public Health; University of Texas; San Antonio Campus; Texas
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