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Gao M, Sun J, Xiao Q, Zhai Y, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Xu F, Zhang P. Sensitive quantification of mevalonate pathway intermediates and prediction of relative novel analogs by chemical derivatization-based LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1731:465163. [PMID: 39029328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The mevalonate (MVA) pathway plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as osteoporosis, breast cancer, and lung cancer, etc. However, determining all the MVA pathway intermediates is still challenging due to their high polarity, low concentration, chelation effect with metal compartments, and poor mass spectrometric response. In this study, we established a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method coupled with N2, N2, N4, N4-tetramethyl-6-(4-(piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (Tmt-PP) labeling for the simultaneous analysis of all MVA intermediates in biospecimens. Chemical derivatization significantly improved the chromatographic retention, peak shape, and detection sensitivity of the analytes. Moreover, we employed a method named mass spectrum calculation to achieve the absolute quantification of the isomers, i.e., isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The established method was fully qualified and applied to explore the difference of these metabolites in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Additionally, several MVA intermediate analogs, including isopentenyl monophosphate or dimethylallyl monophosphate (IMP/DMAMP), geranyl monophosphate (GMP), 5-triphosphomevalonate (MTP), and isopentenyl triphosphate or dimethylallyl triphosphate (ITP/DMATP), were identified for the first time using a knowledge-driven prediction strategy. We further explored the tissue distribution of these novel metabolites. Overall, this work developed a sensitive quantification method for all MVA intermediates, which will enhance our understanding of the role of this pathway in various health and disease conditions. The novel metabolites we discovered warrant further investigations into their biosynthesis and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiarui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qinwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Chen J, Zhang X, Li L, Ma X, Yang C, Liu Z, Li C, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, al-Ramadi BK, Wu C, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu W. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a new danger signal inducing acute cell death. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001134. [PMID: 33901180 PMCID: PMC8075202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a vital event in life. Infections and injuries cause lytic cell death, which gives rise to danger signals that can further induce cell death, inflammation, and tissue damage. The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is an essential, highly conserved and dynamic metabolic pathway. Here, we discover that farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a metabolic intermediate of the MVA pathway, functions as a newly identified danger signal to trigger acute cell death leading to neuron loss in stroke. Harboring both a hydrophobic 15-carbon isoprenyl chain and a heavily charged pyrophosphate head, FPP leads to acute cell death independent of its downstream metabolic pathways. Mechanistically, extracellular calcium influx and the cation channel transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) exhibit essential roles in FPP-induced cell death. FPP activates TRPM2 opening for ion influx. Furthermore, in terms of a mouse model constructing by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), FPP accumulates in the brain, which indicates the function of the FPP and TRPM2 danger signal axis in ischemic injury. Overall, our data have revealed a novel function of the MVA pathway intermediate metabolite FPP as a danger signal via transient receptor potential cation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqiang Ma
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaodi Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K. al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Hu Z, Li G, Sun Y, Niu Y, Ma L, He B, Ai M, Han J, Zeng B. Gene transcription profiling of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 treated with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:43-52. [PMID: 30637636 PMCID: PMC6863321 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol, a unique component of fungal cells, is not only important for fungal growth and stress responses but also holds great economic value. Limited studies have been performed on ergosterol biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae, a safe filamentous fungus that has been used for the manufacture of oriental fermented foods. This study revealed that the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway is conserved between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and A. oryzae 3.042 by treatment with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors and bioinformatics analysis. However, the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in A. oryzae 3.042 is more complicated than that in S. cerevisiae as there are multiple paralogs encoding the same biosynthetic enzymes. Using RNA-seq, this study identified 138 and 104 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in response to the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors tebuconazole and terbinafine, respectively. The results showed that the most common DEGs were transport- and metabolism-related genes. There were only 17 DEGs regulated by both tebuconazole and terbinafine treatments and there were 256 DEGs between tebuconazole and terbinafine treatments. These results provide new information on A. oryzae ergosterol biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms, which may lay the foundation for genetic modification of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ganghua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yunlong Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yali Niu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Long Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Mingqiang Ai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jizhong Han
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, college of life sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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Qualitative and quantitative comparison of cyclic phosphatidic acid and its related lipid species in rat serum using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1567:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang X, Guo T, Xiang T, Dong Y, Zhang J, Zhang L. Quantitation of isoprenoids for natural rubber biosynthesis in natural rubber latex by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1558:115-119. [PMID: 29773339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The natural rubber molecule is one of the end products of isoprenoids metabolism in the plant. Dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) are two typical isoprenoids which control the rate of biosynthesis and the molecular weight of natural rubber. A rapid, nonradioactive method for quantitation of DMAPP and FPP in natural rubber latex by liquid chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was reported. DMAPP and FPP were determined in the multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM)followed by separation with a silica-based C18 column. The external standard quantitative method was established, and the results showed limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 28 ng/ml and 33 ng/ml for DMAPP and FPP, respectively. The concentrations were detected 70-96 ng/ml and 242-375 ng/ml for these two isoprenoids in natural rubber latex. Recoveries of the method were in the range 81-93%. Daytime comparison experiments found that FPP had better stability than DMAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianyang Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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6
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Recent Advances in Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Regulation Mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:270-277. [PMID: 28904410 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol, an important component of the fungal cell membrane, is not only essential for fungal growth and development but also very important for adaptation to stress in fungi. Ergosterol is also a direct precursor for steroid drugs. The biosynthesis of ergosterol can be divided into three modules: mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate (farnesyl-PP) and ergosterol biosynthesis. The regulation of ergosterol content is mainly achieved by feedback regulation of ergosterol synthase activity through transcription, translation and posttranslational modification. The synthesis of HMG-CoA, catalyzed by HMGR, is a major metabolic check point in ergosterol biosynthesis. Excessive sterols can be subsequently stored in lipid droplets or secreted into the extracellular milieu by esterification or acetylation to avoid toxic effects. As sterols are insoluble, the intracellular transport of ergosterol in cells requires transporters. In recent years, great progress has been made in understanding ergosterol biosynthesis and its regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, few reviews have focused on these studies, especially the regulation of biosynthesis and intracellular transport. Therefore, this review summarizes recent research progress on the physiological functions, biosynthesis, regulation of biosynthesis and intracellular transportation of ergosterol in S. cerevisiae.
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High resolution mass spectrometry based method applicable for a wide range of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in blood serum including intermediates and products of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1489:86-94. [PMID: 28209347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins belong to the major class of hypolipidemic drugs. They act as competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This inhibition not only leads to the depletion of cholesterol and its fatty acid esters, but also to the depletion of the intermediates of this metabolic pathway (mainly pyrophosphates), which can play an important role in tumor proliferation. The aim of the current study was to establish a versatile multi-analyte method capable of quantitative determination of various currently-used statins, together with free cholesterol (FC), cholesterol esters (CEs), and some key intermediates of the mevalonate pathway occurring in human serum. Various methods of sample preparation were examined in order to minimize the content of potentially interfering serum proteins, and simultaneously to assure acceptable recovery of the target analytes. Following protein precipitation with 2-propanol, separation of the sample components using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem high resolution mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-HRMS/MS) was performed, employing a hyphenated quadrupole Orbitrap mass analyzer. The potential of the developed method was validated on human serum samples from patients treated with statins. This versatile method possesses wide applicability, in both clinical and experimental medicine.
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Wu SW, Lindberg JEM, Peters JH. Genetic and pharmacological evidence for low-abundance TRPV3 expression in primary vagal afferent neurons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R794-805. [PMID: 26843581 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00366.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary vagal afferent neurons express a multitude of thermosensitive ion channels. Within this family of ion channels, the heat-sensitive capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) greatly influences vagal afferent signaling by determining the threshold for action-potential initiation at the peripheral endings, while controlling temperature-sensitive forms of glutamate release at central vagal terminals. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 does not completely eliminate these temperature-dependent effects, suggesting involvement of additional thermosensitive ion channels. The warm-sensitive, calcium-permeable, ion channel TRPV3 is commonly expressed with TRPV1; however, the extent to which TRPV3 is found in vagal afferent neurons is unknown. Here, we begin to characterize the genetic and functional expression of TRPV3 in vagal afferent neurons using molecular biology (RT-PCR and RT-quantitative PCR) in whole nodose and isolated neurons and fluorescent calcium imaging on primary cultures of nodose ganglia neurons. We confirmed low-level TRPV3 expression in vagal afferent neurons and observed direct activation with putative TRPV3 agonists eugenol, ethyl vanillin (EVA), and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). Agonist activation stimulated neurons also containing TRPV1 and was blocked by ruthenium red. FPP sensitivity overlapped with EVA and eugenol but represented the smallest percentage of vagal afferent neurons, and it was the only agonist that did not stimulate neurons from TRPV3(-/-1) mice, suggesting FPP has the highest selectivity. Further, FPP was predictive of enhanced responses to capsaicin, EVA, and eugenol in rats. From our results, we conclude TRPV3 is expressed in a discrete subpopulation of vagal afferent neurons and may contribute to vagal afferent signaling either directly or in combination with TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw-Wen Wu
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jonathan E M Lindberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - James H Peters
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Raboune S, Stuart JM, Leishman E, Takacs SM, Rhodes B, Basnet A, Jameyfield E, McHugh D, Widlanski T, Bradshaw HB. Novel endogenous N-acyl amides activate TRPV1-4 receptors, BV-2 microglia, and are regulated in brain in an acute model of inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:195. [PMID: 25136293 PMCID: PMC4118021 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of endogenous lipids, structurally analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid, N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (Anandamide), and called N-acyl amides have emerged as a family of biologically active compounds at TRP receptors. N-acyl amides are constructed from an acyl group and an amine via an amide bond. This same structure can be modified by changing either the fatty acid or the amide to form potentially hundreds of lipids. More than 70 N-acyl amides have been identified in nature. We have ongoing studies aimed at isolating and characterizing additional members of the family of N-acyl amides in both central and peripheral tissues in mammalian systems. Here, using a unique in-house library of over 70 N-acyl amides we tested the following three hypotheses: (1) Additional N-acyl amides will have activity at TRPV1-4, (2) Acute peripheral injury will drive changes in CNS levels of N-acyl amides, and (3) N-acyl amides will regulate calcium in CNS-derived microglia. Through these studies, we have identified 20 novel N-acyl amides that collectively activate (stimulating or inhibiting) TRPV1-4. Using lipid extraction and HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry we showed that levels of at least 10 of these N-acyl amides that activate TRPVs are regulated in brain after intraplantar carrageenan injection. We then screened the BV2 microglial cell line for activity with this N-acyl amide library and found overlap with TRPV receptor activity as well as additional activators of calcium mobilization from these lipids. Together these data provide new insight into the family of N-acyl amides and their roles as signaling molecules at ion channels, in microglia, and in the brain in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Raboune
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jordyn M Stuart
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sara M Takacs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brandon Rhodes
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Arjun Basnet
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington IN, USA
| | - Evan Jameyfield
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Douglas McHugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Heather B Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA
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Zhao L, Zhang X, Kuang H, Wu J, Guo Y, Ma L. Effect of TRPV1 channel on the proliferation and apoptosis in asthmatic rat airway smooth muscle cells. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:283-94. [PMID: 23919305 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.813610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) is a major contributor to airway remodeling in asthma. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an important channel to mediate Ca(2+) influx. This study explores the expression of TRPV1 channel and its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis in rat ASMC, in order to find a new target to treat airway remodeling in asthma. METHODS Rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to replicate asthmatic models. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 channel. Intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) was detected using confocal fluorescence Ca(2+) imaging. [(3)H] thymidine incorporation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were used to observe the DNA synthesis and proliferation. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis of ASMC. RESULTS (1) The expression of PCNA was significantly increased in intact asthmatic rat ASMC. (2) The expression of TRPV1 channel was significantly increased in asthmatic rat ASMC. (3) [Ca(2+)]i in ASMC of the asthmatic group was significantly increased. After treatment with TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CAP), [Ca(2+)]i was further increased, whereas [Ca(2+)]i was decreased after administration of TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) in ASMC of the asthmatic group. (4) The DNA synthesis and absorbance of MTT were significantly increased, while apoptosis was significantly decreased in asthmatic ASMC. CAP further enhanced proliferation and decreased apoptosis. CPZ significantly inhibited the effect of CAP in asthmatic ASMC. CONCLUSION TRPV1 channel was involved in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in asthmatic ASMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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11
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Tortoriello G, Rhodes BP, Takacs SM, Stuart JM, Basnet A, Raboune S, Widlanski TS, Doherty P, Harkany T, Bradshaw HB. Targeted lipidomics in Drosophila melanogaster identifies novel 2-monoacylglycerols and N-acyl amides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67865. [PMID: 23874457 PMCID: PMC3708943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is critical to coordinate organ development and physiology in response to tissue-autonomous signals and environmental cues. Changes to the availability and signaling of lipid mediators can limit competitiveness, adaptation to environmental stressors, and augment pathological processes. Two classes of lipids, the N-acyl amides and the 2-acyl glycerols, have emerged as important signaling molecules in a wide range of species with important signaling properties, though most of what is known about their cellular functions is from mammalian models. Therefore, expanding available knowledge on the repertoire of these lipids in invertebrates will provide additional avenues of research aimed at elucidating biosynthetic, metabolic, and signaling properties of these molecules. Drosophila melanogaster is a commonly used organism to study intercellular communication, including the functions of bioactive lipids. However, limited information is available on the molecular identity of lipids with putative biological activities in Drosophila. Here, we used a targeted lipidomics approach to identify putative signaling lipids in third instar Drosophila larvae, possessing particularly large lipid mass in their fat body. We identified 2-linoleoyl glycerol, 2-oleoyl glycerol, and 45 N-acyl amides in larval tissues, and validated our findings by the comparative analysis of Oregon-RS, Canton-S and w1118 strains. Data here suggest that Drosophila represent another model system to use for the study of 2-acyl glycerol and N-acyl amide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tortoriello
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brandon P. Rhodes
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Takacs
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jordyn M. Stuart
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Arjun Basnet
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Siham Raboune
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Theodore S. Widlanski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Patrick Doherty
- Wolfson Centre for Ageing-Related Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- European Neuroscience Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Milne SB, Mathews TP, Myers DS, Ivanova PT, Brown HA. Sum of the parts: mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3829-40. [PMID: 23442130 DOI: 10.1021/bi400060e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field of research used in the identification and quantification of the small molecule metabolites within an organism, thereby providing insights into cell metabolism and bioenergetics as well as processes important in clinical medicine, such as disposition of pharmaceutical compounds. It offers comprehensive information about thousands of low-molecular mass compounds (<1500 Da) that represent a wide range of pathways and intermediary metabolism. Because of its vast expansion in the past two decades, mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool in "omic" analyses. The use of different ionization techniques such as the more traditional electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption, as well as recently popular desorption electrospray ionization, has allowed the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules (e.g., peptides, proteins, lipids, and sugars), and their imaging and analysis in the original sample environment in a workup free fashion. An overview of the current state of the methodology is given, as well as examples of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Milne
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
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13
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Oguro A, Imaoka S. Lysophosphatidic acids are new substrates for the phosphatase domain of soluble epoxide hydrolase. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:505-512. [PMID: 22217705 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m022319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme that has a C-terminus epoxide hydrolase domain and an N-terminus phosphatase domain. The endogenous substrates of epoxide hydrolase are known to be epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, but the endogenous substrates of the phosphatase activity are not well understood. In this study, to explore the substrates of sEH, we investigated the inhibition of the phosphatase activity of sEH toward 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate by using lecithin and its hydrolyzed products. Although lecithin itself did not inhibit the phosphatase activity, the hydrolyzed lecithin significantly inhibited it, suggesting that lysophospholipid or fatty acid can inhibit it. Next, we investigated the inhibition of phosphatase activity by lysophosphatidyl choline, palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid, monopalmitoyl glycerol, and palmitic acid. Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid and fatty acid efficiently inhibited phosphatase activity, suggesting that lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are substrates for the phosphatase activity of sEH. As expected, palmitoyl, stearoyl, oleoyl, and arachidonoyl LPAs were efficiently dephosphorylated by sEH (Km, 3-7 μM; Vmax, 150-193 nmol/min/mg). These results suggest that LPAs are substrates of sEH, which may regulate physiological functions of cells via their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Oguro
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan.
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Frisca F, Sabbadini RA, Goldshmit Y, Pébay A. Biological Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid in the Nervous System. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY VOLUME 296 2012; 296:273-322. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nürenberg G, Volmer DA. The analytical determination of isoprenoid intermediates from the mevalonate pathway. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:671-85. [PMID: 21789486 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this article, assays on the analytical determination of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), two important isoprenoid intermediates at biochemically relevant branching points in the mevalonate pathway, are summarized and reviewed. There is considerable recent interest in the measurement of these two isoprenoids because of their direct involvement in several diseases, for example, statins lower cholesterol by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase but equally affect other metabolite biosyntheses. The isoprenoids FPP and GGPP are key intermediates due to their role as CaaX-specific substrates for posttranslational modification of proteins (protein prenylation). Disease pathologies and therapeutic efficacy of different treatments (e.g., cholesterol-lowering drugs) may lead to a reduction in isoprenoid levels and an accompanying reduction in prenylation of specific proteins. To understand the exact biochemical role of the isoprenoids FPP and GGPP, we need to know their levels. Several recent studies have shown exact levels of FPP and GGP in plasma and relevant tissues and their modulation following treatment. Furthermore, by directly measuring the extent of protein prenylation and identifying target proteins, further insight into the exact biochemical nature of the pathology and regulatory mechanisms will be possible. This short review aims to highlight the relevant literature on the analytical determination of the free isoprenoids FPP and GGPP in biological tissue as well as techniques for directly measuring prenylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Nürenberg
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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