1
|
Otaka Y, Izawa M, Sakagami H, Shiba N, Takahashi N, Tanuma SI, Amano S, Uota S, Inomata M, Yokose S, Sunaga K, Hayashi S, Koga-Ogawa Y, Nakaya G, Kito S. UVC-Protective Activity of Lemongrass Among 12 Fat-soluble Herbal Extracts: Rapid Decay Due to Cytotoxicity. In Vivo 2023; 37:2464-2472. [PMID: 37905640 PMCID: PMC10621405 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid spread of the use of ultraviolet C (UVC) sterilizers in many public facilities. Considering the harmful effects of prolonged exposure to UVC, manufacturing of safe skin care products is an important countermeasure. In continuation of our recent study of water-soluble herbal extracts, the present study aimed at searching for anti-UVC components from fat-soluble herbal extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dermal fibroblast and melanoma cells were exposed to UVC (1.193 W/m2) for 3 min. Viable cell number was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell-cycle analysis was performed using a cell sorter. UVC-protective activity was quantified by the selective index (SI), i.e., the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic concentration for unirradiated cells to the concentration that restored viability of UVC-treated cells by 50%. RESULTS Only lemongrass extract, among 12 fat-soluble herbal extracts, showed significant anti-UVC activity, comparable to that of lignified materials and tannins, but exceeding that of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and resveratrol. Lemongrass extract was highly cytotoxic, producing a subG1 cell population. During prolonged incubation in culture medium, the anti-UVC activity of lemongrass extract, sodium ascorbate and vanillic acid declined with an approximate half-life of <0.7, 5.4-21.6, and 27.8-87.0 h, respectively. CONCLUSION Removal of cytotoxic principle(s) from lemongrass extract is crucial to producing long-lasting UVC-protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Otaka
- Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Maki Izawa
- Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Shiba
- Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Takahashi
- Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Amano
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin Uota
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Inomata
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Sunaga
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Koga-Ogawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Giichirou Nakaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kito
- Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
UV Effect on Human Anterior Lens Capsule Macro-Molecular Composition Studied by Synchrotron-Based FTIR Micro-Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105249. [PMID: 34065666 PMCID: PMC8156142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an important risk factor in cataractogenesis. Lens epithelial cells (LECs), which are a highly metabolically active part of the lens, play an important role in UV-induced cataractogenesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize cell compounds such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in human UV C-irradiated anterior lens capsules (LCs) with LECs, as well as to compare them with the control, non-irradiated LCs of patients without cataract, by using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) micro-spectroscopy. In order to understand the effect of the UV C on the LC bio-macromolecules in a context of cataractogenesis, we used the SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy setup installed on the beamline MIRAS at the Spanish synchrotron light source ALBA, where measurements were set to achieve a single-cell resolution with high spectral stability and high photon flux. UV C irradiation of LCs resulted in a significant effect on protein conformation with protein formation of intramolecular parallel β-sheet structure, lower phosphate and carboxyl bands in fatty acids and amino acids, and oxidative stress markers with significant increase of lipid peroxidation and diminishment of the asymmetric CH3 band.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao JH, Huang YS, Lin YC, Huang FY, Wu SH, Wu TH. Anticataractogenesis Mechanisms of Curcumin and a Comparison of Its Degradation Products: An in Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2080-2086. [PMID: 26905955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) exhibits anticataractogenesis activity. This study aimed to compare the activities of Cur with those of its degradation products in a series of in vitro lens protein turbidity assays. The results show that Cur (200 μM) ameliorates selenite-induced crystallin aggregation, and the mean OD value was 0.10 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05), which was significantly different from controls (0.15 ± 0.01) after incubating for 3 days. However, Cur did not significantly inhibit calcium-induced proteolysis after incubating for 3 days. Such results were supported by isothermal titration calorimetry observation that Cur binds with selenite but not with calcium. Presence of Cur and the degradation products examined (ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, vanillin, and vanillic acid) indicates significantly protective activities on lens γ-crystallins after UVC exposure for 3 h. Among the compounds examined, only ferulic acid exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against UVB-induced turbidity with a mean OD of 0.32 ± 0.01 (p < 0.05), which was significantly different from controls (0.49 ± 0.02). The previously reported anticataract effects of Cur may stem not only from Cur but also from its degradation products through various cataractogenesis mechanisms in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiang Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao JH, Lin IL, Huang KF, Kuo PT, Wu SH, Wu TH. Carnosine ameliorates lens protein turbidity formations by inhibiting calpain proteolysis and ultraviolet C-induced degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5932-5938. [PMID: 24932548 DOI: 10.1021/jf5017708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (CAR) is an endogenous peptide and present in lens, but there is little evidence for its effectiveness in calpain-induced proteolysis inhibition and its differential effects toward different wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This study aimed to develop three in vitro cataract models to compare the mechanisms underlying the protective activities of CAR. Crude crystallins extracted from porcine lenses were used for antiproteolysis assays, and purified γ-crystallins were used for anti-UV assays. The turbidity in those in vitro models mimics cataract formation and was assayed by measuring optical density (OD) at 405 nm. The effectiveness of CAR on calpain-induced proteolysis was studied at 37 and 58 °C. Patterns of proteins were then analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The turbidity was reduced significantly (p<0.05) at 60 min measurements with the increased concentration of CAR (10-300 mM). SDS-PAGE showed that the decreased intensities at both ∼28 and ∼30 kDa protein bands in heat-enhanced assays were ameliorated by CAR at ≥10 mM concentrations. In UV-B studies, CAR (200, 300 mM) reduced the turbidity of γ-crystallin significantly (p<0.05) at 6 h observations. The turbidity of samples containing γ-crystallins was ameliorated while incubated with CAR (100, 300 mM) significantly (p<0.05) following 4 h of exposure to UV-C. SDS-PAGE showed that the presence of CAR reduced UV-B-induced aggregation of γ-crystallins at ∼44 kDa and resulted in less loss of γ-crystallin following UV-C exposure. The result of modeling also suggests that CAR acts as an inhibitor of calpain. In conclusion, CAR protects lens proteins more readily by inhibiting proteolysis and UV-C-induced degradation than aggregation induced by UV-B irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|