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Taghizadeh B, Moradi R, Mirzavi F, Barati M, Soleimani A, Jaafari MR, Zarghami N. The protection role of human growth hormone on skin cells following ultraviolet B exposure. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112961. [PMID: 38917719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is the leading environmental cause of skin damage and photoaging. The epidermis and dermis layers of the skin mainly absorb UVB. UVB stimulates apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, generation of reactive oxygen species, and degradation of collagen and elastin fibers. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential of human growth hormone (hGH) in protecting the skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes (HFFF-2 and HaCaT cell lines) from UVB-induced damage. METHODS The MTT assay was performed to evaluate UVB-induced mitochondrial damage via assessing the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, and flow cytometry was carried out to investigate the effects of UVB and hGH on the cell cycle and apoptosis of UVB-irradiated cells. In addition, the fold change mRNA expression levels of Type I collagen and elastin in HFFF-2 cells were evaluated using the qRT-PCR method following UVB exposure. RESULTS We observed that treatment of cells with hGH before UVB exposure inhibited UVB-induced loss of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, apoptosis, and sub-G1 population formation in both cell lines. We also found that hGH-treated HFFF-2 cells showed up-regulated mRNA expression of Type I collagen, elastin, and IGF-1 in response to UVB irradiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest hGH as a potential anti-UVB compound that can protect skin cells from UVB-induced damage. Our findings merit further investigation and can be used to better understand the role of hGH in skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Moradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cihan University - Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Norouzi M, Mahboobi S, Eftekhari MH, Salehipour M, Ghaem H, Mirzakhanlouei A, Mohsenpour MA. Effects of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:207-214. [PMID: 38105612 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2295578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increases with age. Considering that BPH drug treatment is associated with complications, this study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine (LC) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation as an adjunct therapy to finasteride in the management of LUTS in older men affected with BPH. Fifty eligible volunteers (25 per group) were randomly assigned to either intervention (finasteride + LC and CoQ10 supplements) or control (finasteride + placebo) groups. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), international index of erectile function (IIEF), quality of life index (QoL), as well as serum levels of Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), were assessed. Prostate ultrasound evaluation was also performed, before and after 8 wk of intervention. Supplementation with LC and CoQ10 led to a significant decrease in prostate volume (p < 0.001) as well as a significant increase in IIEF (p < 0.001), compared to the control group. However, there were no significant between-group differences in IPSS (p = 0.503), QoL scores (p = 0.339), and PSA levels (p = 0.482). CoQ10 and LC supplements might be beneficial in combination with standard therapies in the management of BPH and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Norouzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mahboobi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehipour
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mirzakhanlouei
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Huerta-Madroñal M, Espinosa-Cano E, Aguilar MR, Vazquez-Lasa B. Antiaging properties of antioxidant photoprotective polymeric nanoparticles loaded with coenzyme-Q10. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213247. [PMID: 36527961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most extensive organ within our body. It is continually subjected to stress factors, among which ultraviolet irradiation, a key factor responsible in skin aging since it leads to reactive oxygen species production. In order to fight against these oxidative species, the human body has an innate robust antioxidant mechanism composed of several different substances, one of which is coenzyme Q10. Its capacity to increase cellular energy production and excellent antioxidant properties have been proved, as well as its antiaging properties being able to attenuate cellular damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts. However, its high hydrophobicity and photolability hampers its therapeutic potential. In this context, the objective of this work consists of the preparation of chitosan-rosmarinic acid conjugate-based nanoparticles to encapsulate coenzyme Q10 with high encapsulation efficiencies in order to improve its bioavailability and broaden its therapeutic use in skin applications. Hyaluronic acid coating was performed giving stable nanoparticles at physiological pH with 382 ± 3 nm of hydrodynamic diameter (0.04 ± 0.02 polydispersity) and - 18 ± 3 mV of surface charge. Release kinetics studies showed a maximum of 82 % mass release of coenzyme Q10 after 40 min, and radical scavenger activity assay confirmed the antioxidant character of chitosan-rosmarinic acid nanoparticles. Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan-rosmarinic acid nanoparticles loaded with coenzyme Q10 were biocompatible in human dermal fibroblasts and exhibited interesting photoprotective properties in ultraviolet irradiated cells. In addition, nanoparticles hindered the production of reactive oxygen species, interleukin-6 and metalloproteinase-1, as well as caspase-9 activation maintaining high viability values upon irradiation of dermal fibroblasts. Overall results envision a great potential of these nanovehicles for application in skin disorders or antiaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Huerta-Madroñal
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Espinosa-Cano
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Rosa Aguilar
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Blanca Vazquez-Lasa
- Group of Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Wu Q, Song J, Gao Y, Zou Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Liu D, Guo D, Bi H. Epigallocatechin gallate enhances human lens epithelial cell survival after UVB irradiation via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:87. [PMID: 35039875 PMCID: PMC8809122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism underlying the ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), and to investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against the UVB-induced apoptosis of HLECs. HLECs were exposed to different concentrations of EGCG plus UVB (30 mJ/cm2). Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry with JC-1 and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as the levels of GSH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl free radicals were determined using biochemical assay techniques. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3, respectively. The results revealed that UVB irradiation reduced the Δψm of HLECs and induced apoptosis. Notably, EGCG significantly attenuated the generation of H2O2 and hydroxyl free radicals caused by UVB irradiation in HLECs, and significantly increased CAT, SOD and GSH-Px activities, however, the GSH levels were not significantly increased. EGCG also reduced UVB-stimulated Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression, and elevated Bcl-2 expression, suggesting that EGCG may possess free radical-scavenging properties, thus increasing cell viability. In conclusion, EGCG may be able to protect against UVB-induced HLECs apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, indicating its potential application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Jike Song
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Yan'e Gao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zou
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Junguo Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyan Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Dadong Guo
- College of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
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Zimmerman MA, Hall M, Qi Q, Mehta SL, Chen G, Li PA. Ubisol Coenzyme Q10 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in HT22 cells challenged by glutamate. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1295. [PMID: 34630650 PMCID: PMC8461507 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is a well-recognized cause of neuronal cell death. Nutritional supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been previously demonstrated to serve neuro-protective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the protective effect of CoQ10 against glutamate toxicity could be attributed to stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were incubated with glutamate with or without ubisol Q10. The results revealed that glutamate significantly decreased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis related proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)2. Additionally, glutamate reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, as determined using a mitochondrial biogenesis kit. Pretreatment with CoQ10 prevented decreases in phosphorylated (p)-Akt, p-cAMP response element-binding protein, PGC-1α, NRF2 and mitochondrial transcription factor A, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, the results described a novel mechanism of CoQ10-induced neuroprotection and indicated a central role for mitochondrial biogenesis in protecting against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Mia Hall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Guisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Liu K, Zhao J, Yang L, Guan M, Yuan L, Geng Y. Protective effects of calbindin‑D28K on the UVB radiation‑induced apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1793-1802. [PMID: 32236567 PMCID: PMC7169820 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calbindin-D28K (Calb1) may protect human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from apoptosis, which is a process resulting in individual cell death. The protective effects of Calb1 may be attributed to buffering high concentrations of Ca2+. The present study investigated the mechanisms through which Calb1 protects SRA01/04 cells (a human lens epithelial cell line) against apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Cells transfected with a lentivirus overexpressing Calb1 and control cells were treated with 40 µW/cm2 irradiation for 15 min and then cultured for 24 h. The changes in intracellular Ca2+ were detected by colorimetry, and the protein expression levels of Bad, Bcl-2 and caspase-12 were measured by western blot analysis. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration of control HLECs increased significantly following UVB irradiation, whereas in Calb1-overexpressing cells, the Ca2+ levels remained steady. In the control cells, the expression of Bad and caspase-12 was upregulated, and that of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Notably, during UVB radiation-induced apoptosis, the overexpression of Calb1 inhibited cell death, resulting in the decreased expression of Bad and caspase-12, and in the upregulated expression of Bcl-2. These results suggested that Calb1 inhibited the upregulation of genes involved in apoptosis. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Calb1 resulted in increased rates of UVB radiation-induced apoptosis, the increased expression of Bad and caspase-12, and the decreased expression of Bcl-2, further demonstrating that Calb1 may mediate UVB radiation-mediated apoptosis by regulating Ca2+. On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate that UVB exposure can lead to an imbalance in the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in HLECs and that Calb1 protein exerts a negative effect on the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in HLECs. Calb1 may thus inhibit the UVB radiation-induced apoptosis of HLECs by regulating Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 920th Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Liushu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Meng Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
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Xu X, Pu R, Li Y, Wu Z, Li C, Miao X, Yang W. Chemical Compositions of Propolis from China and the United States and their Antimicrobial Activities Against Penicillium notatum. Molecules 2019; 24:E3576. [PMID: 31590214 PMCID: PMC6803850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical compositions of ethanol extracts of propolis from China (EEP-C) and the United States (EEP-A) and their antifungal activity against Penicillium notatum were determined. The result showed that a total of 49 compounds were detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, 30 of which were present in samples from two regions. The major compounds of EEP-C and EEP-A were similar, including pinocembrin, pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, galanin, chrysin, pinobanksin, and pinobanksin-methyl ether, and both of them showed antifungal activity against P. notatum with same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.8 mg·mL-1. In the presence of propolis, the mycelial growth was inhibited, the hyphae became shriveled and wrinkled, the extracellular conductivities were increased, and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were decreased. In addition, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of P. notatum in response to propolis revealed that a total of 341 proteins were differentially expressed, of which 88 (25.8%) were upregulated and 253 (74.2%) were downregulated. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in energy production and conversion, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and the sterol biosynthetic pathway were identified. This study revealed that propolis could affect respiration, interfere with energy metabolism, and influence steroid biosynthesis to inhibit the growth of P. notatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ruixue Pu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Bee Product Processing and Application Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenchao Yang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Coenzyme Q10 Protects Astrocytes from Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage Through Inhibition of ERK 1/2 Pathway Overexpression. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1755-1763. [PMID: 31093903 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK ½) signaling pathway leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induces oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) scavenges ROS and protects cells against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to examine whether the protection of Coenzyme Q10 against oxidative damage in astrocytes is through regulating ERK 1/2 pathway. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation was chosen as a tool to induce oxidative stress. Murine astrocytes were treated with 10 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml of CoQ10 for 24 h prior to UVB and maintained during UVB and 24 h post-UVB. Cell viability was evaluated by counting viable cells and MTT conversion assay. ROS production was measured using fluorescent probes. Levels of p-ERK 1/2, ERK 1/2, p-PKA, PKA were detected using immunocytochemistry and/or Western blotting. The results showed that UVB irradiation decreased the number of viable cells. This damaging effect was associated with accumulation of ROS and elevations of p-ERK 1/2 and p-PKA. Treatment with CoQ10 at 25 μg/ml significantly increased the number of viable cells and prevented the UVB-induced increases of ROS, p-ERK 1/2, and p-PKA. It is concluded that suppression of the PKA-ERK 1/2 signaling pathway may be one of the important mechanisms by which CoQ10 protects astrocytes from UVB-induced oxidative damage.
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N-acetyl-l-cysteine Prevents Bile Duct Ligation Induced Renal Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:411-419. [PMID: 29062172 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on bile duct ligation (BDL) induced oxidative stress in kidneys. Male Wistar rats were randomly segregated into four groups; sham control (SC), SC + NAC, BDL and BDL + NAC group. Liver damage was induced following BDL and renal injury was assessed by kidney function tests along with lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, thiols and antioxidant enzymes. Three weeks after BDL, rats developed renal dysfunction in terms of elevated serum creatinine levels. BDL animals exhibited an increase in lipid peroxidation, reduction in thiols and redox ratio in liver and kidney tissue along with altered antioxidant enzymes in kidneys. BDL animals that were orally administered NAC at a daily dose 100 mg/kg for duration of two weeks, showed significant reduction in serum creatinine levels. NAC was effective in lowering lipid peroxidation and was able to restore thiol levels along with GSH/GSSG ratio in both liver and kidneys along with the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kidneys of BDL animals. The results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of NAC in attenuating oxidative stress in kidneys, suggesting a therapeutic role for NAC in individuals with renal dysfunction following BDL.
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10
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Kumari S, Mehta SL, Milledge GZ, Huang X, Li H, Li PA. Ubisol-Q10 Prevents Glutamate-Induced Cell Death by Blocking Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Permeability Transition Pore Opening. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:688-700. [PMID: 27194946 PMCID: PMC4870712 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major events that lead to the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) during glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and cell death. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has widely been used for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Comparing to traditional lipid-soluble CoQ10, water soluble CoQ10 (Ubisol-Q10) has high intracellular and intra-mitochondrial distribution. The aims of the present study are to determine the neuroprotective effects of Ubisol-Q10 on glutamate-induced cell death and to explore its functional mechanisms. HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to glutamate. Cell viability was measured and mitochondrial fragmentation was assessed by mitochondrial imaging. The mPTP opening was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium retention capacity. The results revealed that the anti-glutamate toxicity effects of Ubisol-Q10 was associated with its ability to block mitochondrial fragmentation, to maintain calcium retention capacity and mitochondrial membrane potential, and to prevent mPTP formation, AIF release, and DNA fragmentation. We concluded that Ubisol-Q10 protects cells from glutamate toxicity by preserving the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function. Therefore, adequate CoQ10 supplementation may be beneficial in preventing cerebral stroke and other disorders that involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumari
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) College of Art and Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;; 4. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) College of Art and Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;; 3. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Gaolin Z Milledge
- 2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Xinyu Huang
- 2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Haining Li
- 5. Neurological Center of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, P.R. China
| | - P Andy Li
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) College of Art and Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Schniertshauer D, Müller S, Mayr T, Sonntag T, Gebhard D, Bergemann J. Accelerated Regeneration of ATP Level after Irradiation in Human Skin Fibroblasts by Coenzyme Q10. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:488-94. [PMID: 26946184 DOI: 10.1111/php.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to a number of harmful agents of which the ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is most important. UV-induced damages include direct DNA lesions as well as oxidative damage in DNA, proteins and lipids caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Being the main site of ROS generation in the cell, mitochondria are particularly affected by photostress. The resulting mitochondrial dysfunction may have negative effects on many essential cellular processes. To counteract these effects, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) is used as a potent therapeutic in a number of diseases. We analyzed the mitochondrial respiration profile, the mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP level in skin fibroblasts after irradiation. We observed an accelerated regeneration of cellular ATP level, a decrease in mitochondrial dysfunction as well as a preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential after irradiation in human skin fibroblasts by treatment with CoQ10 . We conclude that the faster regeneration of the ATP level was achieved by a preservation of mitochondrial function by the addition of CoQ10 and that the protective effect of CoQ10 is primarily mediated via its antioxidative function. We suggest also that it might be further dependent on a stimulation of DNA repair enzymes by CoQ10 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schniertshauer
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Sonja Müller
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Tobias Mayr
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Tanja Sonntag
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Daniel Gebhard
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Jörg Bergemann
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
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Protective Effect of Mangifera indica Linn., Cocos nucifera Linn., and Averrhoa carambola Linn. Extracts against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in Human Keratinocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1684794. [PMID: 27057195 PMCID: PMC4804050 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1684794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activity of Mangifera indica Linn., Cocos nucifera Linn., and Averrhoa carambola Linn. and their biological effect on human keratinocytes affected by the ultraviolet B (UVB), a major cause of cell damage and skin cancer through induction of DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. The richest antioxidant activity was found in ethanol fraction of M. indica (21.32 ± 0.66 mg QE/g dry weight), while the lowest one was found in aqueous fractions of M. indica and C. nucifera (1.76 ± 2.10 and 1.65 ± 0.38 mg QE/g dry weight, respectively). Ethanol and aqueous fractions of A. carambola (250 µg/mL) significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells. The expression of cleaved caspase 3 in UVB-treated group was significantly greater than that in untreated group. Both fractions of A. carambola (50, 100, and 250 µg/mL) significantly decreased the expression of cleaved caspase 3. Regarding the induction of DNA repair, ethanol (100 and 250 µg/mL) and aqueous (50, 100 and 250 µg/mL) fractions of A. carambola significantly decreased the percentage of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Taken together, our results suggest that both fractions of A. carambola may be potentially developed for dermal applications.
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Jing L, He MT, Chang Y, Mehta SL, He QP, Zhang JZ, Li PA. Coenzyme Q10 protects astrocytes from ROS-induced damage through inhibition of mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:59-66. [PMID: 25552930 PMCID: PMC4278255 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) acts by scavenging reactive oxygen species to protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was designed to examine whether CoQ10 was capable of protecting astrocytes from reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated damage. For this purpose, ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation was used as a tool to induce ROS stress to cultured astrocytes. The cells were treated with 10 and 25 μg/ml of CoQ10 for 3 or 24 h prior to the cells being exposed to UVB irradiation and maintained for 24 h post UVB exposure. Cell viability was assessed by MTT conversion assay. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by respirometer. While superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using fluorescent probes, levels of cytochrome C (cyto-c), cleaved caspase-9, and caspase-8 were detected using Western blotting and/or immunocytochemistry. The results showed that UVB irradiation decreased cell viability and this damaging effect was associated with superoxide accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, mitochondrial respiration suppression, cyto-c release, and the activation of both caspase-9 and -8. Treatment with CoQ10 at two different concentrations started 24 h before UVB exposure significantly increased the cell viability. The protective effect of CoQ10 was associated with reduction in superoxide, normalization of mitochondrial membrane potential, improvement of mitochondrial respiration, inhibition of cyto-c release, suppression of caspase-9. Furthermore, CoQ10 enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. It is concluded that CoQ10 may protect astrocytes through suppression of oxidative stress, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction, blockade of mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway, and enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- 1. Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University and Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Tao He
- 1. Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University and Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Yue Chang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University and Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. ; 3. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qing-Ping He
- 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- 1. Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University and Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Diseases, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - P Andy Li
- 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Water-soluble coenzyme q10 inhibits nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor and cell death caused by mitochondrial complex I inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13388-400. [PMID: 25089873 PMCID: PMC4159800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to explore the mechanism of rotenone-induced cell damage and to examine the protective effects of water-soluble Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the toxic effects of rotenone. Murine hippocampal HT22 cells were cultured with mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone. Water-soluble CoQ10 was added to the culture media 3 h prior to the rotenone incubation. Cell viability was determined by alamar blue, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by dihydroethidine (DHE) and mitochondrial membrane potential by tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). Cytochrome c, caspase-9 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were measured using Western blotting after 24 h rotenone incubation. Rotenone caused more than 50% of cell death, increased ROS production, AIF nuclear translocation and reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, but failed to cause mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. Pretreatment with water-soluble CoQ10 enhanced cell viability, decreased ROS production, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential and prevented AIF nuclear translocation. The results suggest that rotenone activates a mitochondria-initiated, caspase-independent cell death pathway. Water-soluble CoQ10 reduces ROS accumulation, prevents the fall of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibits AIF translocation and subsequent cell death.
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de Dieu Ndikubwimana J, Lee BH. Enhanced production techniques, properties and uses of coenzyme Q10. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1917-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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UVB irradiation-induced dysregulation of plasma membrane calcium ATPase1 and intracellular calcium homeostasis in human lens epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 382:263-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dhanda S, Kaur S, Sandhir R. Preventive effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in hepatic encephalopathy following bile duct ligation. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 56:204-15. [PMID: 23044263 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by ammonia toxicity is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation in a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced model of HE. Three weeks after BDL, rats developed biliary fibrosis which was supported by liver function tests, ammonia levels, and hydroxyproline content. Impaired cognitive and motor functions were observed along with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of BDL rats. Cerebral cortex and cerebellum of BDL animals showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and reduction in total and nonprotein thiols along with reduction in antioxidant enzymes. Histopathological examination of cortex and cerebellum of BDL rats showed astrocytic swelling, inflammation, necrosis, and white matter edema. One week after BDL surgery, animals administered with NAC at a daily dose 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks showed significant improvement in the activity of liver marker enzymes and restored structural morphology of liver. NAC was able to ameliorate spatial memory and motor coordination deficits observed in BDL rats. NAC supplementation decreased lipid peroxidation and was also able to restore the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as structural deficits observed in the cortex and cerebellum of BDL animals. The results clearly demonstrate that the protective effect of NAC in an experimental model of HE is mediated through attenuation of oxidative stress, suggesting a therapeutic role for NAC in individuals withHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Du J, Ma M, Zhao Q, Fang L, Chang J, Wang Y, Fei R, Song X. Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in the hippocampi of rats with chronic ischemia-induced vascular dementia. Neuroscience 2012; 231:345-52. [PMID: 23232258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD), defined as a loss of memory and cognitive function resulting from vascular lesions in the brain, is the second-most-common cause of dementia in the elderly, after Alzheimer's disease. In recent years, research has focused on the pathogenesis of VD, and mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits have been suggested to contribute to VD onset. To further investigate the role of mitochondria in VD, we used a rat model of VD, which involved permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (with a 1-week interval between artery occlusion to avoid an abrupt reduction in cerebral blood flow) leading to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Prior to occlusion, male Wistar rats underwent 7 days of Morris water maze training. Only animals that could swim and passed the Morris water maze test were chosen for the study. After 5 days of Morris water maze training, mitochondria from the hippocampi of rats, which were randomly selected from animals that could complete the Morris water maze test, were isolated for functional assessment. Mitochondria isolated from the hippocampi of rats from the ischemia group had decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase protein levels, and increased oxidative stress, as manifested by increased hydrogen peroxide production. The ischemia group mitochondria also exhibited decreased respiration coupled to decreased expression and activity of the electron transport chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). These results indicate that the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is inhibited in the hippocampi of rats following chronic ischemia-induced VD. As the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism deficits, namely mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits directly affect the functions of neurons, it may contribute to VD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, No. 829 Xinmin Street, ChaoYang District, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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