1
|
Matamá T, Costa C, Fernandes B, Araújo R, Cruz CF, Tortosa F, Sheeba CJ, Becker JD, Gomes A, Cavaco-Paulo A. Changing human hair fibre colour and shape from the follicle. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00350-8. [PMID: 37967812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural hair curvature and colour are genetically determined human traits, that we intentionally change by applying thermal and chemical treatments to the fibre. Presently, those cosmetic methodologies act externally and their recurrent use is quite detrimental to hair fibre quality and even to our health. OBJECTIVES This work represents a disruptive concept to modify natural hair colour and curvature. We aim to model the fibre phenotype as it is actively produced in the follicle through the topical delivery of specific bioactive molecules to the scalp. METHODS Transcriptome differences between curly and straight hairs were identified by microarray. In scalp samples, the most variable transcripts were mapped by in situ hybridization. Then, by using appropriate cellular models, we screened a chemical library of 1200 generic drugs, searching for molecules that could lead to changes in either fibre colour or curvature. A pilot-scale, single-centre, investigator-initiated, prospective, blind, bilateral (split-scalp) placebo-controlled clinical study with the intervention of cosmetics was conducted to obtain a proof of concept (RNEC n.92938). RESULTS We found 85 genes transcribed significantly different between curly and straight hair, not previously associated with this human trait. Next, we mapped some of the most variable genes to the inner root sheath of follicles, reinforcing the role of this cell layer in fibre shape moulding. From the drug library screening, we selected 3 and 4 hits as modulators of melanin synthesis and gene transcription, respectively, to be further tested in 33 volunteers. The intentional specific hair change occurred: 8 of 14 volunteers exhibited colour changes, and 16 of 19 volunteers presented curvature modifications, by the end of the study. CONCLUSION The promising results obtained are the first step towards future cosmetics, complementary or alternative to current methodologies, taking hair styling to a new level: changing hair from the inside out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fernandes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO - Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Célia F Cruz
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tortosa
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria / Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Unidade de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Rua Mário Botas (Parque das Nações), 1998-018, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caroline J Sheeba
- ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; NIHR Central Commissioning Facility (CCF), Grange House, 15 Church Street, Twickenham, TW1 3NL, UK
| | - Jörg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Solutions Ltd, Avenida Imaculada Conceição n. 589, 4700-034 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodboon T, Sirilun S, Okada S, Kariya R, Chontananarth T, Suwannalert P. Modified Riceberry rice extract suppresses melanogenesis-associated cell differentiation through tyrosinase-mediated MITF downregulation on B16 cells and in vivo zebrafish embryos. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 15:491-502. [PMID: 33628291 PMCID: PMC7879784 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.297852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Excessive melanin production caused by overactive tyrosinase (TYR) enzyme results in several dermatological problems. The TYR inhibitor, derived from metabolite changes during fermentation, has been well recognized for pigmentation control. Experimental approach: This study is interested in alternative anti-melanogenic agents from bio-modified Riceberry rice through fermentation. Modified Riceberry rice extract (MRB) was evaluated for its cytotoxicity, melanin content, melanin excretion, and TYR activity in B16 cells. TYR and their melanogenesis-related molecules such as TYR-related proteins-1 and -2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were determined. The anti-melanogenic activity and toxicity were also tested using the embryonic zebrafish model. Furthermore, comprehensive genotoxicity testing was verified by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Findings/Results: The study found that non-cytotoxic concentrations of MRB at 20 and 40 mg/mL inhibited melanogenesis and melanin excretion by interfering B16 cell morphology. Cellular TYR enzymatic activity was also suppressed in the treated cells. The mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of TYR and MITF decreased by dose-dependent and time-dependent manners with MRB treatment. In the animal model, MRB was found to be safe and potent for melanogenesis-related TYR inhibition in embryonic zebrafish at 20 and 30 mg/mL. The toxicity of effective doses of MRB showed no genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Conclusion and implications: This study suggests that MRB has anti-melanogenesis potential through TYR and its-related protein inhibitions. MRB is also safe for applications and maybe a promising anti-melanogenic agent for hyperpigmentation control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teerapat Rodboon
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Germinated Riceberry Rice Enhanced Protocatechuic Acid and Vanillic Acid to Suppress Melanogenesis through Cellular Oxidant-Related Tyrosinase Activity in B16 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030247. [PMID: 32204345 PMCID: PMC7139339 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-melanogenic bioactivities of phytophenolic compounds have been well recognized. Riceberry rice contains a rich source of phenolic compounds that act as melanin inhibitors through their antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties. Germination has been shown to be an effective process to improve targeted phenolic compounds. In this study, germinated riceberry rice extract was tested for antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was determined while the tyrosinase inhibitory effect was screened by the in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay. Cytotoxicity of germinated riceberry rice extract was investigated in B16 cells before evaluating its activities on cellular tyrosinase, melanogenesis, melanin excretion, morphological appearance, and cellular oxidants. Germinated riceberry rice extract showed increased potency of antioxidants and was also twice as effective for mushroom tyrosinase inhibition when compared with ungerminated riceberry rice extract. In B16 cells, the extract inhibited cellular tyrosinase, melanogenesis, and cellular oxidants in a dose-dependent manner when compared with untreated cells. Germinated riceberry rice extract also displayed an effect on B16 cells morphology by reducing the number of melanin- containing cells and their dendriticity. Additionally, the germination of riceberry rice dominantly enhanced two phenolic acids, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid, which have the potential for antioxidant-associated hyperpigmentation control. Thus, the restricted germination of riceberry rice tended to promote protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid, which dominantly displayed antioxidants and tyrosinase-related melanogenic inhibition.
Collapse
|
4
|
Active repurposing of drug candidates for melanoma based on GWAS, PheWAS and a wide range of omics data. Mol Med 2019; 25:30. [PMID: 31221082 PMCID: PMC6584997 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug repurposing is a swift, safe, and cheap drug discovery method. Melanoma disorders present low survival and high mortality rates and are challenging to diagnose and treat. Moreover, there is a high volume of worldwide investigations that are attempting to find melanoma-related genes of influence, which can be identified as responsive targets for reliable treatment. Method In this study, we used a wide range of data analyses to analyze over 1100 genes and proteins of influence with respect to cutaneous malignant melanoma. Our analysis included various investigational results from genome- and phenome-wide association studies (GWAS and PheWAS, respectively), biomedical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic datasets. We then researched the DrugBank for potential melanoma targets from the selected list. We excluded known melanoma targets to obtain a list of druggable proteins. We performed a precise analysis of the drugs’ pathogenesis and checked the expression profiles of the selected drugs having high associations with known anti-melanoma drugs. Result We found 35 drugs that interacted with 20 unique targets. These drugs appear to have high melanoma treatment potentials. We confirmed our results with previous studies and found supporting references for 30 of these drugs. In conclusion, this investigation can be applied to various diseases for the efficient and economical repurposing of various drug compounds. For further validation, the results may be applicable for in vivo tests and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lajis AFB, Ariff AB. Discovery of new depigmenting compounds and their efficacy to treat hyperpigmentation: Evidence from in vitro study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:703-727. [PMID: 30866156 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human skin pigmentation is a result of constitutive and facultative pigmentation. Facultative pigmentation is frequently stimulated by UV radiation, pharmacologic drugs, and hormones whereby leads to the development of abnormal skin hyperpigmentation. To date, many state-of-art depigmenting compounds have been studied using in vitro model to treat hyperpigmentation problems for cosmetic dermatological applications; little attention has been made to compare the effectiveness of these depigmenting compounds and their mode of actions. In this present article, new and recent depigmenting compounds, their melanogenic pathway targets, and modes of action are reviewed. This article compares the effectiveness of these new depigmenting compounds to modulate several melanogenesis-regulatory enzymes and proteins such as tyrosinase (TYR), TYR-related protein-1 (TRP1), TYR-related protein-2 (TRP2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and N-terminal kinases (JNK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK). Other evidences from in vitro assays such as inhibition on melanosomal transfer, proteasomes, nitric oxide, and inflammation-induced melanogenesis are also highlighted. This article also reviews analytical techniques in different assays performed using in vitro model as well as their advantages and limitations. This article also provides an insight on recent finding and re-examination of some protocols as well as their effectiveness and reliability in the evaluation of depigmenting compounds. Evidence and support from related patents are also incorporated in this present article to give an overview on current patented technology, latest trends, and intellectual values of some depigmenting compounds and protocols, which are rarely highlighted in the literatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firdaus B Lajis
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya B Ariff
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of novel chemotherapeutic strategies for metastatic uveal melanoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44564. [PMID: 28303962 PMCID: PMC5355998 DOI: 10.1038/srep44564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma of the uveal tract accounts for approximately 5% of all melanomas and represents the most common primary intraocular malignancy. Despite improvements in diagnosis and more effective local therapies for primary cancer, the rate of metastatic death has not changed in the past forty years. In the present study, we made use of bioinformatics to analyze the data obtained from three public available microarray datasets on uveal melanoma in an attempt to identify novel putative chemotherapeutic options for the liver metastatic disease. We have first carried out a meta-analysis of publicly available whole-genome datasets, that included data from 132 patients, comparing metastatic vs. non metastatic uveal melanomas, in order to identify the most relevant genes characterizing the spreading of tumor to the liver. Subsequently, the L1000CDS2 web-based utility was used to predict small molecules and drugs targeting the metastatic uveal melanoma gene signature. The most promising drugs were found to be Cinnarizine, an anti-histaminic drug used for motion sickness, Digitoxigenin, a precursor of cardiac glycosides, and Clofazimine, a fat-soluble iminophenazine used in leprosy. In vitro and in vivo validation studies will be needed to confirm the efficacy of these molecules for the prevention and treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma.
Collapse
|
7
|
Recent advances in delivery systems and therapeutics of cinnarizine: a poorly water soluble drug with absorption window in stomach. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2014; 2014:479246. [PMID: 25478230 PMCID: PMC4247907 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Low solubility causing low dissolution in gastrointestinal tract is the major problem for drugs meant for systemic action after oral administration, like cinnarizine. Pharmaceutical products of cinnarizine are commercialized globally as immediate release preparations presenting low absorption with low and erratic bioavailability. Approaches to enhance bioavailability are widely cited in the literature. An attempt has been made to review the bioavailability complications and clinical therapeutics of poorly water soluble drug: cinnarizine. The interest of writing this paper is to summarize the pharmacokinetic limitations of drug with special focus on strategies to improvise bioavailability along with effectiveness of novel dosage forms to circumvent the obstacle. The paper provides insight to the approaches to overcome low and erratic bioavailability of cinnarizine by cyclodextrin complexes and novel dosage forms: self-nanoemulsifying systems and buoyant microparticulates. Nanoformulations need to systematically explored in future, for their new clinical role in prophylaxis of migraine attacks in children. Clinical reports have affirmed the role of cinnarizine in migraine prophylaxis. Research needs to be dedicated to develop dosage forms for efficacious bioavailability and drug directly to brain.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bezouška K, Kubínková Z, Stříbný J, Volfová B, Pompach P, Kuzma M, Šírová M, Říhová B. Dimerization of an immunoactivating peptide derived from mycobacterial hsp65 using N-hydroxysuccinimide based bifunctional reagents is critical for its antitumor properties. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2032-41. [PMID: 22988810 DOI: 10.1021/bc300056x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that a short pentapeptide derived from the mycobacterial heat shock protein hsp65 can be highly activating for the immune system based on its strong reactivity with the early activation antigen of lymphocytes CD69. Here, we investigated an optimal form of presentation of this antigen to the cells of the immune system. Four different forms of the dimerized heptapeptide LELTEGY, and of the control inactive dimerized heptapeptide LELLEGY that both contained an extra UV active glycine-tyrosine sequence, were prepared using dihydroxysuccinimidyl oxalate (DSO), dihydroxysuccinimidyl tartarate (DST), dihydroxysuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), and dihydroxysuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), respectively. Heptapeptides dimerized through DST and DSG linkers had optimal activity in CD69 precipitation assay. Moreover, dimerization of active heptapeptide resulted in a remarkable increase in its proliferation activity and production of cytokines in vitro. Furthermore, while DST and DSG dimerized heptapeptides both significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in vitro, only the DSG dimerized compound was active in suppressing growth of melanoma tumors in mice and in enhancing the cytotoxic activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ex vivo. Thus, while the dimerization of the immunoactive peptide caused a dramatic increase in its immunoactivating properties, its in vivo anticancer properties were influenced by the chemical nature of linker used for its dimerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Bezouška
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12840 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|