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Cha X, Ding J, Ba W, You S, Qi W, Su R. High Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid by Activating the xyl Operon of Lactobacillus brevis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8101-8109. [PMID: 36873027 PMCID: PMC9979331 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter with important physiological functions such as sleep assistance and anti-depression. In this study, we developed a fermentation process for the high-efficiency production of GABA by Lactobacillus brevis (Lb. brevis) CE701. First, xylose was found as the optimal carbon source that could improve the GABA production and OD600 in shake flasks to 40.35 g/L and 8.64, respectively, which were 1.78-fold and 1.67-fold of the glucose. Subsequently, the analysis of the carbon source metabolic pathway indicated that xylose activated the expression of the xyl operon, and xylose metabolism produced more ATP and organic acids than glucose, which significantly promoted the growth and GABA production of Lb. brevis CE701. Then, an efficient GABA fermentation process was developed by optimizing the medium components using response surface methodology. Finally, the production of GABA reached 176.04 g/L in a 5 L fermenter, which was 336% higher than that in a shake flask. This work enables the efficient synthesis of GABA using xylose, which will provide guidance for the industrial production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchang Cha
- Chemical
Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Ding
- Chemical
Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Ba
- Chemical
Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shengping You
- Chemical
Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Chemical
Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- Chemical
Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Yogeswara IBA, Maneerat S, Haltrich D. Glutamate Decarboxylase from Lactic Acid Bacteria-A Key Enzyme in GABA Synthesis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121923. [PMID: 33287375 PMCID: PMC7761890 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (l-glutamate-1-carboxylase, GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) is a pyridoxal-5’-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible α-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and CO2. The enzyme is widely distributed in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes, where it—together with its reaction product GABA—fulfils very different physiological functions. The occurrence of gad genes encoding GAD has been shown for many microorganisms, and GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been a focus of research during recent years. A wide range of traditional foods produced by fermentation based on LAB offer the potential of providing new functional food products enriched with GABA that may offer certain health-benefits. Different GAD enzymes and genes from several strains of LAB have been isolated and characterized recently. GABA-producing LAB, the biochemical properties of their GAD enzymes, and possible applications are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Agung Yogeswara
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Universitas Dhyana Pura, Dalung Kuta utara 80361, Bali, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Suppasil Maneerat
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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Immobilization and enzymatic properties of glutamate decarboxylase from Enterococcus faecium by affinity adsorption on regenerated chitin. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1479-1489. [PMID: 33128622 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) is an important enzyme in gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis and DL-glutamic acid resolution. In this study, the Enterococcus faecium-derived GAD was successfully immobilized by regenerated chitin (RC) via specific adsorption of cellulose-binding domain (CBD). The optimal binding buffer was 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer saline (pH 8.0), and the RC binding capacity was 1.77 ± 0.11 mgcbd-gad/grc under this condition. The ratio of wet RC and crude enzyme solution used for immobilization was recommended to 3:50 (g/mL). To evaluate the effect of RC immobilization on GAD, properties of the immobilize GAD (RC-CBD-GAD) were investigated. Results indicated RC-CBD-GAD was relatively stable at pH 4.4-5.6 and temperature - 20-40 °C, and the optimal reaction pH value and temperature were pH 4.8 and 50 °C, respectively. When it was reacted with 5 mmol/L of follow chemical reagents respectively, the activity of RC-CBD-GAD was hardly affected by EDTA, KCl, and NaCl, and significantly inactivated by AgNO3, MnSO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, ZnSO4, FeCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, CaCl2, and Pb(CH3COO)2. The apparent Km and Vmax were 28.35 mmol/L and 147.06 μmol/(gRC-CBD-GAD·min), respectively. The optimum time for a batch of catalytic reaction without exogenous pH control was 2 h. Under this reaction time, RC-CBD-GAD had a good reusability with a half-life of 23 cycles, indicating that it was very attractive for GABA industry. As a novel, efficient, and green CBD binding carrier, RC provides an alternative way to protein immobilization.
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Enzymatic kinetic resolution of desmethylphosphinothricin indicates that phosphinic group is a bioisostere of carboxyl group. Commun Chem 2020; 3:121. [PMID: 36703359 PMCID: PMC9814759 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase (EcGadB), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, is highly specific for L-glutamate and was demonstrated to be effectively immobilised for the production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), its decarboxylation product. Herein we show that EcGadB quantitatively decarboxylates the L-isomer of D,L-2-amino-4-(hydroxyphosphinyl)butyric acid (D,L-Glu-γ-PH), a phosphinic analogue of glutamate containing C-P-H bonds. This yields 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid (GABA-PH), a known GABAB receptor agonist and provides previously unknown D-Glu-γ-PH, allowing us to demonstrate that L-Glu-γ-PH, but not D-Glu-γ-PH, is responsible for D,L-Glu-γ-PH antibacterial activity. Furthermore, using GABase, a preparation of GABA-transaminase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, we show that GABA-PH is converted to 3-(hydroxyphosphinyl)propionic acid (Succinate-PH). Hence, PLP-dependent and NADP+-dependent enzymes are herein shown to recognise and metabolise phosphinic compounds, leaving unaffected the P-H bond. We therefore suggest that the phosphinic group is a bioisostere of the carboxyl group and the metabolic transformations of phosphinic compounds may offer a ground for prodrug design.
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Enhancement of GAD Storage Stability with Immobilization on PDA-Coated Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the storage stability of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and coated with polydopamine (PDA) for GAD immobilization. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine size of the nanoparticles, which were approximately 10 nm, increasing to 15 nm after PDA-coating and to 20 nm upon GAD binding. Vibrational scanning measurements significantly represented the superparamagnetic behavior of the Fe3O4, and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure before and after coating with PDA and the further immobilization of GAD remained the same. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy proved that the PDA-coating on Fe3O4 and further immobilization of GAD were successful. After immobilization, the enzyme can be used with a relative specific activity of 40.7% after five successive uses. The immobilized enzyme retained relative specific activity of about 50.5% after 15 days of storage at 4 °C, while free enzyme showed no relative specific activity after two days of storage. The GAD immobilization on PDA-coated magnetite nanoparticles was reported for the improvement of enzyme storage stability for the first time.
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Zhao K, Tang F, Shi W, Hong H, Zhou Z, Huang W, Wu Z. One-step immobilization and purification of genetic engineering CBD fusion EndoS on cellulose for antibodies Fc-glycan remodeling. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Pellis A, Cantone S, Ebert C, Gardossi L. Evolving biocatalysis to meet bioeconomy challenges and opportunities. N Biotechnol 2018; 40:154-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): Biosynthesis, Role, Commercial Production, and Applications. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Hsueh YH, Liaw WC, Kuo JM, Deng CS, Wu CH. Hydrogel Film-Immobilized Lactobacillus brevis RK03 for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 29099794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18n2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (HEMA/PEGDA) have been extensively studied for their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications owing to their nontoxic and highly hydrophilic characteristics. Recently, cells immobilized by HEMA/PEGDA hydrogels have also been studied for enhanced production in fermentation. Hydrogel films of HEMA/PEGDA copolymer were generated by Ultraviolet (UV)-initiated photopolymerization. The hydrogel films were used to immobilize viable Lactobacillus brevis RK03 cells for the bioconversion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The mechanical properties and fermentation yields of the L. brevis RK03 cells immobilized on polyacrylate hydrogel films with different monomeric formulations were investigated. Fermentation was carried out in 75 mL de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium containing various concentrations of MSG. We found that HEMA (93%)/PEGDA (3%) hydrogels (sample H) maximized GABA production. The conversion rate of MSG to GABA reached a maximum value of 98.4% after 240 h. Bioconversion activity gradually declined after 420 h to 83.8% after five cycles of semi-continuous fermentation. Our results suggest that HEMA (93%)/PEGDA (3%) hydrogels have great potential for use in GABA production via semi-continuous fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huang Hsueh
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chang Liaw
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin City 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Min Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Shin Deng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin City 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hui Wu
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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10
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Hydrogel Film-Immobilized Lactobacillus brevis RK03 for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112324. [PMID: 29099794 PMCID: PMC5713293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (HEMA/PEGDA) have been extensively studied for their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications owing to their nontoxic and highly hydrophilic characteristics. Recently, cells immobilized by HEMA/PEGDA hydrogels have also been studied for enhanced production in fermentation. Hydrogel films of HEMA/PEGDA copolymer were generated by Ultraviolet (UV)-initiated photopolymerization. The hydrogel films were used to immobilize viable Lactobacillus brevis RK03 cells for the bioconversion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The mechanical properties and fermentation yields of the L. brevis RK03 cells immobilized on polyacrylate hydrogel films with different monomeric formulations were investigated. Fermentation was carried out in 75 mL de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium containing various concentrations of MSG. We found that HEMA (93%)/PEGDA (3%) hydrogels (sample H) maximized GABA production. The conversion rate of MSG to GABA reached a maximum value of 98.4% after 240 h. Bioconversion activity gradually declined after 420 h to 83.8% after five cycles of semi-continuous fermentation. Our results suggest that HEMA (93%)/PEGDA (3%) hydrogels have great potential for use in GABA production via semi-continuous fermentation.
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11
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Lin Q, Li D, Qin H. Molecular cloning, expression, and immobilization of glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus fermentum YS2. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Biotechnological advances and perspectives of gamma-aminobutyric acid production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:64. [PMID: 28247260 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed among various organisms. Since GABA has several well-known physiological functions, such as mediating neurotransmission and hypotensive activity, as well as having tranquilizer effects, it is commonly used as a bioactive compound in the food, pharmaceutical and feed industries. The major pathway of GABA biosynthesis is the irreversible decarboxylation of L-glutamate catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which develops a safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative in comparison with traditional chemical synthesis methods. To date, several microorganisms have been successfully engineered for high-level GABA biosynthesis by overexpressing exogenous GADs. However, the activity of almost all reported microbial GADs sharply decreases at physiological near-neutral pH, which in turn provokes negative effects on the application of these GADs in the recombinant strains for GABA production. Therefore, ongoing efforts in the molecular evolution of GADs, in combination with high-throughput screening and metabolic engineering of particular producer strains, offer fascinating new prospects for effective, environmentally friendly and economically viable GABA biosynthesis. In this review, we briefly introduce the applications in which GABA is used, and summarize the most important methods associated with GABA production. The major achievements and present challenges in the biotechnological synthesis of GABA, focusing on screening and enzyme engineering of GADs, as well as metabolic engineering strategy for one-step GABA biosynthesis, will be extensively discussed.
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13
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Johns MA, Bernardes A, De Azevêdo ER, Guimarães FEG, Lowe JP, Gale EM, Polikarpov I, Scott JL, Sharma RI. On the subtle tuneability of cellulose hydrogels: implications for binding of biomolecules demonstrated for CBM 1. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3879-3887. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Choice of molecular probe for determining porosity, surface area, or binding in never-dried cellulose hydrogels is critical to discern differences in structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Johns
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Bath
| | - A. Bernardes
- São Carlos Institute of Physics
- University of São Paulo
- Brazil
| | | | | | - J. P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- UK
| | - E. M. Gale
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
| | - I. Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics
- University of São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - J. L. Scott
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
| | - R. I. Sharma
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Bath
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14
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Kumar MBA, Gao Y, Shen W, He L. Valorisation of protein waste: An enzymatic approach to make commodity chemicals. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Characterization and immobilization on nickel-chelated Sepharose of a glutamate decarboxylase A from Lactobacillus brevis BH2 and its application for production of GABA. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1656-61. [PMID: 25047135 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.936347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase A (GadA) from Lactobacillus brevis BH2 was expressed in a His-tagged form in Escherichia coli cells, and recombinant protein exists as a homodimer consisting of identical subunits of 53 kDa. GadA was absolutely dependent on the ammonium sulfate concentration for catalytic activity and secondary structure formation. GadA was immobilized on the metal affinity resin with an immobilization yield of 95.8%. The pH optima of the immobilized enzyme were identical with those of the free enzyme. However, the optimum temperature for immobilized enzyme was 5 °C higher than that for the free enzyme. The immobilized GadA retained its relative activity of 41% after 30 reuses of reaction within 30 days and exhibited a half-life of 19 cycles within 19 days. A packed-bed bioreactor with immobilized GadA showed a maximum yield of 97.8% GABA from 50 mM l-glutamate in a flow-through system under conditions of pH 4.0 and 55 °C.
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16
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Abstract
The immobilization of biomolecules onto cellulose paper turns this environmentally friendly material into a platform for diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Credou
- CEA Saclay
- IRAMIS
- NIMBE
- LICSEN (Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences)
- F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Berthelot
- CEA Saclay
- IRAMIS
- NIMBE
- LICSEN (Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences)
- F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Lee S, Ahn J, Kim YG, Jung JK, Lee H, Lee EG. Gamma-aminobutyric acid production using immobilized glutamate decarboxylase followed by downstream processing with cation exchange chromatography. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1728-39. [PMID: 23322022 PMCID: PMC3565344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production technique using his-tag mediated immobilization of Escherichia coli-derived glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to GABA. The GAD was obtained at 1.43 g/L from GAD-overexpressed E. coli fermentation and consisted of 59.7% monomer, 29.2% dimer and 2.3% tetramer with a 97.6% soluble form of the total GAD. The harvested GAD was immobilized to metal affinity gel with an immobilization yield of 92%. Based on an investigation of specific enzyme activity and reaction characteristics, glutamic acid (GA) was chosen over monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a substrate for immobilized GAD, resulting in conversion of 2.17 M GABA in a 1 L reactor within 100 min. The immobilized enzymes retained 58.1% of their initial activities after ten consecutive uses. By using cation exchange chromatography followed by enzymatic conversion, GABA was separated from the residual substrate and leached GAD. As a consequence, the glutamic acid was mostly removed with no detectable GAD, while 91.2% of GABA was yielded in the purification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoon Lee
- University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea; E-Mail:
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mails: (J.A.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-K.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Jungoh Ahn
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mails: (J.A.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-K.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Yeon-Gu Kim
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mails: (J.A.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-K.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Joon-Ki Jung
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mails: (J.A.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-K.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongweon Lee
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mails: (J.A.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-K.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Eun Gyo Lee
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; E-Mails: (J.A.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-K.J.); (H.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:; Tel.: +82-42-860-4512; Fax: +82-42-860-4529
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18
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Franssen MCR, Steunenberg P, Scott EL, Zuilhof H, Sanders JPM. Immobilised enzymes in biorenewables production. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6491-533. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Feng Q, Tang B, Wei Q, Hou D, Bi S, Wei A. Preparation of a Cu(II)-PVA/PA6 composite nanofibrous membrane for enzyme immobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202922 PMCID: PMC3497296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131012734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers were formed by electrospinning. Cu(II)-PVA/PA6 metal chelated nanofibers, prepared by the reaction between PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers and Cu2+ solution, were used as the support for catalase immobilization. The result of the experiments showed that PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers had an excellent chelation capacity for Cu2+ ions, and the structures of nanofibers were stable during the reaction with Cu2+ solution. The adsorption of Cu(II) onto PVA/PA6 composite nanofibers was studied by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The maximum amount of coordinated Cu(II) (qm) was 3.731 mmol/g (dry fiber), and the binding constant (Kl) was 0.0593 L/mmol. Kinetic parameters were analyzed for both immobilized and free catalases. The value of Vmax (3774 μmol/mg·min) for the immobilized catalases was smaller than that of the free catalases (4878 μmol/mg·min), while the Km for the immobilized catalases was larger. The immobilized catalases showed better resistance to pH and temperature than that of free form, and the storage stabilities, reusability of immobilized catalases were significantly improved. The half-lives of free and immobilized catalases were 8 days and 24 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; E-Mails: (Q.F.); (A.W.)
- Textiles and Clothing Department, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; E-Mails: (B.T.); (D.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Bin Tang
- Textiles and Clothing Department, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; E-Mails: (B.T.); (D.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; E-Mails: (Q.F.); (A.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-510-8591-2007; Fax: +86-510-85913200
| | - Dayin Hou
- Textiles and Clothing Department, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; E-Mails: (B.T.); (D.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Songmei Bi
- Textiles and Clothing Department, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; E-Mails: (B.T.); (D.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Anfang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; E-Mails: (Q.F.); (A.W.)
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