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Nusjirwan R, Hermawan K, Dewi M, Nugraha HG, Dewayani BM, Nataprawira HM. Mediastinal teratoma in children: A case series of misdiagnoses in a high-endemic tuberculosis setting. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 116:109307. [PMID: 38308982 PMCID: PMC10847986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Mediastinal teratoma is a rare extragonadal teratoma that frequently manifests with non-specific symptoms and is commonly misdiagnosed, particularly in Indonesia, where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we present two cases of children aged 19 months and 17 years old who were referred with chronic nonspecific symptoms of cough, tachypnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis. Both children were initially diagnosed with TB and both completed anti-tuberculosis treatment. After visiting several healthcare facilities, a mediastinal mass was finally diagnosed and they all underwent thoracotomy without any further complication. The histopathology findings revealed mature teratoma. All patients had satisfactory outcomes at follow-up visits. CLINICAL DISCUSSIONS Patients presented with non-specific symptoms are often clinically diagnosed with TB. However, primary healthcare doctors should consider other differential diagnoses when a child has non-specific respiratory symptoms, especially when chest X-ray findings are nonspecific and TB workup is negative. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of mediastinal masses is still challenging in Indonesia, as the diagnosis requires a vast array of work-up examinations, therefore, early recognition and referral are crucial for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Nusjirwan
- Department of Surgery-Cardiothoracic Division, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Hermawan
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Mutiara Dewi
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Harry Galuh Nugraha
- Department of Radiology, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Birgitta Maria Dewayani
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Heda Melinda Nataprawira
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
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Li J, Qi Z, Chen M, Wang J, Liu X. Clinical value of combined serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA for the prediction of recurrence in children with neuroblastoma. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:102. [PMID: 37620978 PMCID: PMC10463607 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we intend to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of postoperative neuroblastoma children, including the results of follow-up examinations and laboratory tests, to explore the clinical value of combined serum Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and 24-hour urine vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) levels at baseline for the prediction of recurrence in children with neuroblastoma. METHODS 265 children with neuroblastoma were successfully followed up, including 163 cases without recurrence (non-recurrence group) and 102 cases with recurrence (recurrence group). The levels of 24-hour urine VMA were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, the serum levels of CA125 and NSE were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS The serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA levels were significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence group. It demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the levels of serum CA125, NSE, and 24-hour urine VMA in all children with neuroblastoma. All children in stage IV of neuroblastoma had the highest level of serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA and vice versa. The combined CA125, NSE and VMA had significantly better sensitivity and specificity than an individual marker. CONCLUSIONS Combined serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA had the potential to predict neuroblastoma recurrence more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Li
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Intersection of Guangrong Road, Fuyang South Avenue, 061000, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Zilong Qi
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Intersection of Guangrong Road, Fuyang South Avenue, 061000, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Disinfection & Supply Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, 061000, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Intersection of Guangrong Road, Fuyang South Avenue, 061000, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Intersection of Guangrong Road, Fuyang South Avenue, 061000, Cangzhou, Hebei, China.
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Albitar M, Zhang H, Charifa A, Ip A, Ma W, McCloskey J, Donato M, Siegel D, Waintraub S, Gutierrez M, Pecora A, Goy A. Combining cell-free RNA with cell-free DNA in liquid biopsy for hematologic and solid tumors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16261. [PMID: 37251903 PMCID: PMC10208940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current use of liquid biopsy is based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and the evaluation of mutations or methylation pattern. However, expressed RNA can capture mutations, changes in expression levels due to methylation, and provide information on cell of origin, growth, and proliferation status. We developed an approach to isolate cell-free total nucleic acid (cfDNA) and used targeted next generation sequencing to sequence cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and cfDNA as new approach in liquid biopsy. We demonstrate that cfRNA is overall more sensitive than cfDNA in detecting mutations. We show that cfRNA is reliable in detecting fusion genes and cfDNA is reliable in detecting chromosomal gains and losses. cfRNA levels of various solid tumor biomarkers were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in samples from solid tumors as compared with normal control. Similarly, cfRNA lymphoid markers and cfRNA myeloid markers were all higher in lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms, respectively as compared with control (P < 0.0001). Using machine learning we demonstrate cfRNA was highly predictive of diagnosis (AUC >0.98) of solid tumors, B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, T-cell lymphoid neoplasms, and myeloid neoplasms. In evaluating the host immune system, cfRNA CD4:CD8B and CD3D:CD19 ratios in normal controls were as expected (median: 5.92 and 6.87, respectively) and were significantly lower in solid tumors (P < 0.0002). This data suggests that liquid biopsy combining analysis of cfRNA with cfDNA is practical and may provide helpful information in predicting genomic abnormalities, diagnosis of neoplasms and evaluating both the tumor biology and the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Albitar
- Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Ahmad Charifa
- Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Andrew Ip
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Wanlong Ma
- Genomic Testing Cooperative, LCA, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - James McCloskey
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - David Siegel
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Stanley Waintraub
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Martin Gutierrez
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
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Albrijawy R, Alomar K, Aldeen RS, Sharief FA, Marwa G, Dalati H. Case report: A unique case of benign teratoma in the posterior mediastinum associated with anterior meningomyelocele in a one-year-old child. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 103:107914. [PMID: 36737867 PMCID: PMC9932485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Benign cystic teratoma considered an extragonadal germ cell tumor that can present at any age and mostly located in the anterior mediastinum, only 3 %-8 % are in the posterior mediastinum. Meningomyelocele is an abnormal herniation of the meninges that located in most cases posteriorly in lumbosacral spine. Cervicothoracic meningomyelocele are rare entities resemble only 1 %-5 % of all neural tube defects. The presence of both anterior meningomyelocele (MMC) an benign teratoma is very rare and this association in the thoracic column has never been mentioned before in the medical literature. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a one-year-old child, who was admitted to our hospital with a complaint recurrent vomiting episode, and respiratory distress, with no improvement in symptoms after conservative treatment. Computed tomography showed an anterior heterogeneous meningomyelocele that extend posteriorly to the upper lobe of right lung tissue. MRI confirmed the presence of the meningomyelocele in addition to a heterogenous cystic structure within. Thoracotomy was indicated and the meningomyelocele was carefully resected and sent to histopathology analysis which showed the presence of a benign teratoma accompanying the meningomyelocele. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Meningomyeloceles and teratoma are rarely associated, especially in the thoracic spine. Mediastinal tumors should be taken into consideration when a mass is found. A thorough imaging investigations is crucial in establishing the diagnosis along with histopathology after complete resection. CONCLUSION In the presence of posterior mediastinal meningomyelocele with heterogeneity, a histopathological examination of the specimen should be performed to exclude the mediastinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Alomar
- Damascus University, Syria; Pediatrics' University Hospital, Syria.
| | - Rahaf Sharaf Aldeen
- Damascus University, Syria,Al-Mouwasat University Hospital, Syria,Al Assad University Hospital, Syria
| | | | - Ghassan Marwa
- Damascus University, Syria,Pediatrics' University Hospital, Syria,Al Assad University Hospital, Syria
| | - Husam Dalati
- Damascus University, Syria,Pediatrics' University Hospital, Syria
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5
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Jiang C, Zhao M, Hou S, Hu X, Huang J, Wang H, Ren C, Pan X, Zhang T, Wu S, Zhang S, Sun B. The Indicative Value of Serum Tumor Markers for Metastasis and Stage of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205064. [PMID: 36291848 PMCID: PMC9599954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the roles of serum tumor markers for metastasis and stage of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This study recruited 3272 NSCLC patients admitted to the Tianjin Union Medical Center and the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. The predictive abilities of some serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)) for NSCLC metastasis (intrapulmonary, lymphatic and distant metastasis) and clinical stage were analyzed. Results: Tumor markers exhibited different numerical and proportional distributions in NSCLC patients. Elevated CEA, CYFRA 21-1 and CA199 levels were indicative of tumor metastasis and stage. Increased CEA and CA199 provided an accurate prediction of intrapulmonary and distant metastasis with the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.69 both (p < 0.001); Increased CEA, CYFRA 21-1 and CA199 provided an accurate prediction of lymphatic metastasis with the AUC of 0.62 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Combined detection of serum tumor markers can indicate tumor metastasis and stage in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shaohui Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Linhai City, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Jinchao Huang
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300181, China
| | - Hongci Wang
- Baodi District People’s Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Baodi Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301000, China
| | - Changhao Ren
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (B.S.)
| | - Bingsheng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300181, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300181, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (B.S.)
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6
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Li J, Liu X, Chen M, Wang J, Wang X. Values of serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA in diagnosis and prediction of treatment of paediatric neuroblastoma. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14932. [PMID: 34606672 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric neuroblastoma is a relatively common type of malignant tumour originating from neural crest tissues. Early diagnosis and the performance of specific therapeutic strategies can increase the survival rate and improve the prognosis of children with neuroblastoma. METHODS A total of 86 children with neuroblastoma were recruited in this research, and 50 healthy children aged 1-12 years were also selected as controls. Twenty-four-hour urine vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum carbohydrate antigen 125 CA125 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were evaluated by electrochemiluminescence in Cobas E411 autoanalyser. RESULTS The serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA levels of children with stage III-IVs neuroblastoma were significantly higher than those of children with clinical stages I-II; the serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA levels of children in the effective treatment group were significantly lower than those in the treatment-ineffective group. The serum CA125 generated sensitivity and specificity of 71.88% and 59.26%, combined with an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.7049. The serum NSE generated sensitivity and specificity of 68.75% and 81.48%, combined with an AUC of 0.7407. The 24-hour urine VMA generated sensitivity and specificity of 90.63% and 59.26%, combined with an AUC of 0.7986. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum CA125, NSE and 24-hour urine VMA levels before treatment could assess the condition of children with neuroblastoma and predict the effect of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Li
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Cangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Disinfection & Supply Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Children's Hospital District, Cangzhou, China
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7
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Ichikawa D, Yamashita K, Okuno Y, Muramatsu H, Murakami N, Suzuki K, Kojima D, Kataoka S, Hamada M, Taniguchi R, Nishikawa E, Kawashima N, Narita A, Nishio N, Hama A, Kasai K, Mizuno S, Shimoyama Y, Nakaguro M, Okita H, Kojima S, Nakazawa A, Takahashi Y. Integrated diagnosis based on transcriptome analysis in suspected pediatric sarcomas. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:49. [PMID: 34131151 PMCID: PMC8206218 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with over 100 subtypes. Clinical and histopathological diagnosis remains challenging due to the overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical findings and the presence of atypical cases. To evaluate the potential utility of including RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in the diagnostic process, we performed RNA-seq in 47 patients with suspected pediatric sarcomas. Histopathologists specialized in pediatric cancer re-evaluated pathological specimens to reach a consensus diagnosis; 42 patients were diagnosed with known subtypes of solid tumors whereas 5 patients were diagnosed with undifferentiated sarcoma. RNA-seq analysis confirmed and refined consensus diagnoses and further identified diagnostic genetic variants in four of the five patients with undifferentiated sarcoma. Genetic lesions were detected in 23 patients, including the novel SMARCA4-THOP1 fusion gene and 22 conventional or recently reported genetic events. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the RNA-seq data identified a distinct cluster defined by the overexpression of rhabdomyosarcoma-associated genes including MYOG and CHRNG. These findings suggest that RNA-seq-based genetic analysis may aid in the diagnosis of suspected pediatric sarcomas, which would be useful for the development of stratified treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ichikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyogo Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daiei Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoharu Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rieko Taniguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishio
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimoyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hajime Okita
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Templeton C, Balaban A, Childers JSW. Abdominal Distension in a Female Toddler. Pediatr Rev 2021; 42:S7-S9. [PMID: 33386350 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2019-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Pediatric Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Ferraro S, Braga F, Luksch R, Terenziani M, Caruso S, Panteghini M. Measurement of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase in Neuroblastoma: Is There a Clinical Role? Clin Chem 2020; 66:667-675. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The measurement of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in serum is frequently requested for diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment monitoring of neuroblastoma (NB) in the pediatric population. However, authoritative clinical practice guidelines advise about the poor diagnostic performance of NSE.
Content
We critically appraised the available literature evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of NSE in the management of NB, paying special attention to the definition of appropriate threshold levels. In addition, we discuss the interfering conditions causing artifactual increases of NSE concentrations in serum and potentially influencing the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected NB.
Summary
No definitive evidence supports the use of serum NSE for diagnosis and monitoring of NB. The risk of obtaining false-positive NSE results associated with confounders (e.g., sample hemolysis) and other pathophysiologic conditions (e.g., inflammation) is remarkable and hampers the diagnostic value of this test. NSE may be helpful to define the risk of death of patients with NB, mainly in the advanced stages of disease. However, further studies validating currently marketed immunoassays and defining threshold values useful for this scope are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferraro
- Unità Operativa Complessa Patologia Clinica, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Braga
- Unità Operativa Complessa Patologia Clinica, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, “Luigi Sacco,” Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Luksch
- Struttura Complessa Pediatria Oncologica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Terenziani
- Struttura Complessa Pediatria Oncologica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Caruso
- Unità Operativa Complessa Patologia Clinica, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- Unità Operativa Complessa Patologia Clinica, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, “Luigi Sacco,” Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
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11
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Saffar H, Khorsand A, Faghih Jouibari M, Tavangar SM. Mature Cystic Teratoma of Spinal Cord in a 16-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:45-47. [PMID: 32095150 PMCID: PMC6995675 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2019.89854.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Teratoma is a type of multipotential cell tumor, which includes a mixture of two or three germinal layers of ectodermis, endodermis, and mesodermis. Although neonatal sacrococcygeal teratoma has been frequently reported, its occurrence in older age is not common. In this study, we report a rare case of spinal intradural mature cystic teratoma in a 16-year-old male, emphasizing on considering this unusual condition in differential diagnosis of spinal cord cystic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Saffar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Khorsand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Faghih Jouibari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Quintero Escobar M, Maschietto M, Krepischi ACV, Avramovic N, Tasic L. Insights into the Chemical Biology of Childhood Embryonal Solid Tumors by NMR-Based Metabolomics. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120843. [PMID: 31817982 PMCID: PMC6995504 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most childhood cancers occur as isolated cases and show very different biological behavior when compared with cancers in adults. There are some solid tumors that occur almost exclusively in children among which stand out the embryonal solid tumors. These cancers main types are neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma (Wilms tumors), retinoblastoma and hepatoblastomas and tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Embryonal solid tumors represent a heterogeneous group of cancers supposedly derived from undifferentiated cells, with histological features that resemble tissues of origin during embryogenesis. This key observation suggests that tumorigenesis might begin during early fetal or child life due to the errors in growth or pathways differentiation. There are not many literature data on genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, proteomic, or metabolomic differences in these types of cancers when compared to the omics- used in adult cancer research. Still, metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in childhood embryonal solid tumors research can contribute greatly to understand better metabolic pathways alterations and biology of the embryonal solid tumors and potential to be used in clinical applications. Different types of samples, such as tissues, cells, biofluids, mostly blood plasma and serum, can be analyzed by NMR to detect and identify cancer metabolic signatures and validated biomarkers using enlarged group of samples. The literature search for biomarkers points to around 20-30 compounds that could be associated with pediatric cancer as well as metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Quintero Escobar
- Biological Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Blood Coagulation, Department of Medical Physiopathology, Hemocentro, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Research Center, Boldrini Children’s Hospital, Campinas 13083-884, Brazil;
| | - Ana C. V. Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-0970, Brazil;
| | - Natasa Avramovic
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia;
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Biological Chemistry Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-1106
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van Heerden J, Tjalma W. The multidisciplinary approach to ovarian tumours in children and adolescents. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 243:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen CH, Wu KH, Chao YH, Weng DF, Chang JS, Lin CH. Clinical manifestation of pediatric mediastinal tumors, a single center experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16732. [PMID: 31393382 PMCID: PMC6709117 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical decisions should be well-planned to improve prognosis and reduce complications of mediastinal tumors. In this study, we analyzed the clinical presentations of pediatric mediastinal tumors and their correlation with long-term clinical outcome.Forty patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with mediastinal tumors at China Medical University Children's Hospital between 2001 and 2016 were enrolled. The patients' sex, age of onset, initial clinical symptoms, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.75% of the patients with mediastinal tumors in this study were men, and the median age of onset was 13 years old (age range: 0-17 years). The overall mortality rate was 40%. The most common tumors were lymphoma (47.5%), followed by germ cell tumors (12.5%), neuroblastoma (12.5%), and thymoma (7.5%). Neuroblastoma was more prevalent in girls younger than 5 years old. The initial presentations of these patients included breathing difficulty (65%), productive cough (47.5%), pleural effusion (54.5%), superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome (35%), neck mass (35%), airway compression (32.5%), fever (30%), chest pain (27.5%), and pericardial effusion (25%). Lymphomas were more likely to be accompanied by neck mass (52.6% vs19.0%, P = .04) and SVC syndrome (52.6% vs 19.0%, P = .026), yet also had a better 1-year-survival rate (68.4% vs 52.4%, P = .02).Overall, lymphoma should be suspected when children present with neck mass and SVC syndrome. Neuroblastoma with a posterior mediastinal origin should be suspected among children younger than 5 years old. Tumor-related airway obstruction, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion were leading cause of cardiopulmonary instability during sedation for invasive procedures, which should be managed cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu-Hua Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - De-Fu Weng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology
| | - Jeng-Sheng Chang
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, North District, Taichung City
| | - Chien-Heng Lin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Plenis A, Olędzka I, Kowalski P, Miękus N, Bączek T. Recent Trends in the Quantification of Biogenic Amines in Biofluids as Biomarkers of Various Disorders: A Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E640. [PMID: 31075927 PMCID: PMC6572256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are bioactive endogenous compounds which play a significant physiological role in many cell processes like cell proliferation and differentiation, signal transduction and membrane stability. Likewise, they are important in the regulation of body temperature, the increase/decrease of blood pressure or intake of nutrition, as well as in the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, hormones and alkaloids. Additionally, it was confirmed that these compounds can be considered as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of several neuroendocrine and cardiovascular disorders, including neuroendocrine tumours (NET), schizophrenia and Parkinson's Disease. Due to the fact that BAs are chemically unstable, light-sensitive and possess a high tendency for spontaneous oxidation and decomposition at high pH values, their determination is a real challenge. Moreover, their concentrations in biological matrices are extremely low. These issues make the measurement of BA levels in biological matrices problematic and the application of reliable bioanalytical methods for the extraction and determination of these molecules is needed. This article presents an overview of the most recent trends in the quantification of BAs in human samples with a special focus on liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques. Thus, new approaches and technical possibilities applied in these methodologies for the assessment of BA profiles in human samples and the priorities for future research are reported and critically discussed. Moreover, the most important applications of LC, GC and CE in pharmacology, psychology, oncology and clinical endocrinology in the area of the analysis of BAs for the diagnosis, follow-up and monitoring of the therapy of various health disorders are presented and critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Shores DR, Everett AD. Children as Biomarker Orphans: Progress in the Field of Pediatric Biomarkers. J Pediatr 2018; 193:14-20.e31. [PMID: 29031860 PMCID: PMC5794519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darla R Shores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Konieczna L, Roszkowska A, Stachowicz-Stencel T, Synakiewicz A, Bączek T. Bioanalysis of a panel of neurotransmitters and their metabolites in plasma samples obtained from pediatric patients with neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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A Rare Case of Perinatal Intrarenal Neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 39:e216-e218. [PMID: 28085745 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal neuroblastoma is the most common solid malignant tumor in infancy which comprises one fifth of all neuroblastomas. Most of them are of adrenal origin and extra-adrenal neuroblastoma is uncommon. We present a rare case of perinatal intrarenal neuroblastoma in a neonate who presented with an incidentally detected abdominal mass. These tumors cause diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma because of its uncommon location. Although very rare, neuroblastoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of perinatally detected renal tumors.
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Li ZH, Tao YF, Xu LX, Zhao H, Li XL, Fang F, Wu Y, Lu J, Li YH, Du WW, Ren JL, Li YP, Xu YY, Feng X, Wang J, He WQ, Pan J. A novel sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor (SKI-5C) induces cell death of Wilms' tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4548-4563. [PMID: 27904661 PMCID: PMC5126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is over-expressed in many cancers and therefore serves as a biomarker for cancer prognosis. SKI-5C is a new SphK1 inhibitor, and until now its molecular function in Wilms' tumor cells remained unknown. Here, using CCK-8 and nude mice experiments we assessed cell growth in Wilms' tumor cell lines (SK-NEP-1 and G401) in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that SphK1 is highly expressed in SK-NEP-1 and G401 cells, and through annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis, we detected cell apoptosis. Treatment with SKI-5C inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of SK-NEP-1 and G401 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SKI-5C treatment inhibited the growth of SK-NEP-1 xenograft tumors in nude mice, with few side effects. Our microarray analysis revealed that SKI-5C-treated SK-NEP-1 cells mostly downregulated PRKACA and significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65. These results imply that SKI-5C induces apoptosis of SK-NEP-1 cells through the PRKACA/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. While, further research is required to determine the underlying details, these results provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of cell death induced by SKI-5C and suggest that SKI-5C may act as new candidate drug for Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Du
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Li Ren
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qi He
- CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surveillance of hepatic nodules for malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma is important in the monitoring of patients with biliary atresia (BA). To date, only 2 published case reports describe the finding of hepatoblastoma (HB) in this setting. The present study aimed to investigate this association of HB and BA, and to assess the utility of alpha-fetoprotein (aFP) as a marker in the diagnosis. METHODS A retrospective study of all patients who underwent isolated liver transplantation (LTx) for the primary diagnosis of BA at a single center, between January 1999 and June 2014, was conducted. Patient demographics, pre-LTx aFP levels, and histologic examination of native liver explants were reviewed. RESULTS One hundred two (44% men, median age 11 months) patients underwent LTx for BA. Two (2%) explants examinations were confirmatory for concomitant HB; both patients had abnormally elevated aFP. Overall, 56 (55%) patients had available pre-LTx aFP levels. Recipients with persistently abnormal aFP levels (n = 20, 36%) were older at hepatoportoenterostomy (107 vs 68 days, P = 0.02) and younger at LTx surgery (359 vs 1713 days, P < 0.01), compared to patients with constantly normal levels (n = 24, 43%). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, HB was found to coexist in approximately 2% of patients with BA undergoing LTx, far exceeding the hypothetical anticipated incidence of 1:10 billion for the concomitant diagnoses. Elevated serum aFP levels may be sensitive but not specific for HB in this context. Further research is required to identify specific mechanisms and risk factors.
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Sekar D, Hairul Islam VI, Thirugnanasambantham K, Saravanan S. Relevance of miR-21 in HIV and non-HIV-related lymphomas. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8387-93. [PMID: 24961346 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cell differentiation, homeostasis and cancer development has been extensively discussed in recent publications. The microRNAs with RISC enzyme complex allow it to find its complementary sequence, which is usually located in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the target messenger RNA (mRNA). This is followed by inhibition of protein translation or promotion, resulting in degradation of the target gene. miR-21 has been mapped at chromosome 17q23.2, where it overlaps with the protein coding gene vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1), a human homologue of rat vacuole membrane protein. Recent evidence indicates that miR-21 plays a vital role in tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. The inhibition of miR-21 may induce cell cycle arrest and increased chemosensitivity to anticancer agents, providing evidence that miR-21 functions as an oncogene in human cancer. Increased expression levels of miR-21 were observed in tumours arising from diverse tissue types. This also includes tumours of haematological origin, such as chronic lymphatic leukaemia, diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), acute myeloid leukaemia and Hodgkin lymphomas. Recently, it has been shown that high levels of B cell activation were induced by miR-21 in circulating B cells and are seen in HIV-infected individual. Notably, miR-21 is overexpressed in activated B cells, suggesting its assistance in maintaining B cell hyperactivation, which plays a pivotal role in HIV-infected cells. Therefore, miR-21 can be considered as a powerful biomarker in HIV-related lymphomas. The number of studies related to the role of miR-21 in HIV-related lymphomas is sparse; therefore, this mini review highlights the recent publications related to clinical impact and significance of miR-21, specifically in HIV- and non-HIV-related lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Sekar
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences, Jawahar Nagar, Pondicherry, 605005, India,
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van Hasselt JGC, van Eijkelenburg NKA, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM, Huitema ADR. Optimizing drug development of anti-cancer drugs in children using modelling and simulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:30-47. [PMID: 23216601 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modelling and simulation (M&S)-based approaches have been proposed to support paediatric drug development in order to design and analyze clinical studies efficiently. Development of anti-cancer drugs in the paediatric population is particularly challenging due to ethical and practical constraints. We aimed to review the application of M&S in the development of anti-cancer drugs in the paediatric population, and to identify where M&S-based approaches could provide additional support in paediatric drug development of anti-cancer drugs. A structured literature search on PubMed was performed. The majority of identified M&S-based studies aimed to use population PK modelling approaches to identify determinants of inter-individual variability, in order to optimize dosing regimens and to develop therapeutic drug monitoring strategies. Prospective applications of M&S approaches for PK-bridging studies have scarcely been reported for paediatric oncology. Based on recent developments of M&S in drug development there are several opportunities where M&S could support more informative bridging between children and adults, and increase efficiency of the design and analysis of paediatric clinical trials, which should ultimately lead to further optimization of drug treatment strategies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G C van Hasselt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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