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Zhang C, Li Q, Xing J, Yang Y, Zhu M, Lin L, Yu Y, Cai X, Wang X. Tannic acid and zinc ion coordination of nanase for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by promoting mucosal repair and removing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:347-360. [PMID: 38373525 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Colon mucosal overexpression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) accelerates the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and destroys the mucosa and its barrier. IBD can be alleviated by removing RONS from the inflamed colon. The preparation of strong and efficient nanoantioxidants remains a challenge despite the development of numerous nanoantioxidants. In this paper, Zn-TA nanoparticles with fine hollow microstructure (HZn-TA) were successfully prepared and could be effectively used to treat IBD. In the first step, ZIF-8 nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-pot method. On this basis, HZn-TA nanoparticles were etched by TA, and a multifunctional nanase was developed for the treatment of IBD. RONS, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), can be eliminated to increase cell survival following Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In a model for preventing and delaying acute colitis, clearance of RONS has been shown to reduce intestinal inflammation in mice by reducing colon damage, proinflammatory cytokine levels, the spleen index, and body weight. Intestinal mucosal healing can be promoted by HZn-TA nanoparticles, which can upregulate zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 expression. Based on the results of this study, HZn-TA nanoparticles were able to effectively treat IBD with minimal adverse effects by being biocompatible, multienzyme active, and capable of scavenging RONS. Therefore, we pioneered the application of HZn-TA nanoparticles for the treatment of IBD, which are capable of clearing RONS without significant adverse effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: ➢ HZn-TA nanoparticles were successfully prepared and could be effectively used to treat IBD. ➢ Intestinal mucosal healing can be promoted by HZn-TA nanoparticles, which can upregulate ZO-1 and claudin-1 expression. ➢ HZn-TA nanoparticles were able to effectively treat IBD with minimal adverse effects by being biocompatible, multienzyme active, and capable of scavenging RONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Qingrong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jianghao Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Mengmei Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Liting Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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Fernandes AS, de Melo Bisneto AV, Silva LS, Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão E, Cardoso CG, Carneiro CC, da Costa Santos S, Chen-Chen L. Tellimagrandin-I and camptothin a exhibit chemopreventive effects in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains and human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:185-198. [PMID: 38073488 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2290641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tellimagrandin-I (TL) and camptothin A (CA) are ellagitannins widely found in diverse plant species. Numerous studies demonstrated their significant biological activities, which include antitumor, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Despite this protective profile, the effects of TL and CA on DNA have not been comprehensively investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects attributed to TL and CA exposure on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains using the Ames test. In addition, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were examined on human lymphocytes, employing both trypan blue exclusion and CometChip assay. The antigenotoxic effect was determined following TL and CA exposure in the presence of co-treatment with doxorubicin (DXR). Our results from the Ames test indicated that TL or CA did not display marked mutagenic activity. However, TL or CA demonstrated an ability to protect DNA against the damaging effects of the mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and sodium azide, thereby exhibiting antimutagenic properties. In relation to human lymphocytes, TL or CA did not induce significant cytotoxic or genotoxic actions on these cells. Further, these ellagitannins exhibited an ability to protect DNA from damage induced by DOX during co-treatment, indicating their potential beneficial usefulness as antigenotoxic agents. In conclusion, the protective effects of TL or CA against mutagens, coupled with their absence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes, emphasize their potential therapeutic value in chemopreventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Silva Fernandes
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Fernandes AS, de Melo Bisneto AV, Silva LS, Bailão EFLC, Cardoso CG, Carneiro CC, da Costa Santos S, Chen-Chen L. Pedunculagin and tellimagrandin-I stimulate inflammation and angiogenesis and upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vivo. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104615. [PMID: 37797833 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Pedunculagin (PD) and tellimagrandin-I (TL), isolated from Myrciaria cauliflora seeds and Eucaliptus microcorys leaves, respectively, have attracted great attention owing to their relevant biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. This study investigated the angiogenic potential of PD and TL using a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Using the CAM assay, our results showed that both PD and TL promoted a significant increase in the number and caliber of blood vessels, the thickness of the CAM, and the presence of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Moreover, an increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor was observed in the CAM treated with PD and TL, indicating the induction of angiogenic factors. Thus, the remarkable profile of PD and TL in inducing angiogenesis opens up new perspectives for their potential utilization in different therapeutic approaches involving neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Silva Fernandes
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Firehun B, Nedi T. Gastroprotective Activities of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Leaf Extracts of Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. and A. Rich.) Walp. (Menispermaceae) in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:497-512. [PMID: 38033453 PMCID: PMC10683649 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s437707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An ethnobotanical study showed that the leaf of Stephania abyssinica (S. abyssinica) is used for the treatment of gastritis, but there is no scientific investigation. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of both aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts of S. abyssinica in experimental rats. Methods Decoction and maceration techniques were used to prepare aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts, respectively. The extracts were evaluated against pyloric ligation, indomethacin, and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer models at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Negative control received 2% tween 80, while positive controls received 20 mg/kg of omeprazole and 100 µg/kg of misoprostol. Parameters, such as ulcer index, gastric mucin content, gastric juice volume, pH, and free and total acidity were measured. Results In the pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcer model, all doses of both extracts significantly reduced the ulcer index and gastric juice volume, while doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant increment in mucus content and gastric juice pH as well as decrease in free and total acidity as compared to negative control. In indomethacin and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models, pretreatment with both extracts significantly reduced the ulcer index and enhanced gastric mucin content in a dose-dependent manner. Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the existence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and coumarins with high contents of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids in 80% methanol extract. Conclusion This study revealed that aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts of S. abyssinica possessed remarkable gastroprotective activities against experimentally induced gastric ulcer models, and this possibly justify the traditional use of S. abyssinica leaves to treat gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchayehu Firehun
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Nedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Feng M, Dai X, Yang C, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Qu Q, Sheng M, Li Z, Peng X, Cen S, Shi X. Unification of medicines and excipients: The roles of natural excipients for promoting drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:597-620. [PMID: 37150753 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2210835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery systems (DDSs) formed by natural active compounds be instrumental in developing new green excipients and novel DDS from natural active compounds (NACs). 'Unification of medicines and excipients'(UME), the special inherent nature of the natural active compounds, provides the inspiration and conduction to achieve this goal. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the typical types of NACs from herbal medicine, such as saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc. that act as excipients and their main application in DDS. The comparison of the drug delivery systems formed by NACs and common materials and the primary formation mechanisms of these NACs are also introduced to provide a deepened understanding of their performance in DDS. EXPERT OPINION Many natural bioactive compounds, such as saponins, polysaccharides, etc. have been used in DDS. Diversity of structure and pharmacological effects of NACs turn out the unique advantages in improving the performance of DDSs like targeting ability, adhesion, encapsulation efficiency(EE), etc. and enhancing the bioavailability of loaded drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfang Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengke Sheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhui Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Cen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, China
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Ziółkiewicz A, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Rusinek R, Markut-Miotła E, Oniszczuk A. The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087146. [PMID: 37108307 PMCID: PMC10139042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted tremendous attention due to their pro-health properties, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder underlying several CVDs. One of the main risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the type and quality of food consumed. Therefore, polyphenols represent promising agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by in vitro, animal, preclinical and clinical studies. However, most polyphenols cannot be absorbed directly by the small intestine. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. An increasing understanding of the field has confirmed that specific GM taxa strains mediate the gut microbiota-atherosclerosis axis. The present study explores the anti-atherosclerotic properties and associated underlying mechanisms of polyphenols. Moreover, it provides a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Markut-Miotła
- Department of Lung Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoniego Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Majrashi TA, Alshehri SA, Alsayari A, Muhsinah AB, Alrouji M, Alshahrani AM, Shamsi A, Atiya A. Insight into the Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Different Types of Cancer: Targeting Cancer Therapeutics. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071704. [PMID: 37049544 PMCID: PMC10097354 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hard-to-treat disease with a high reoccurrence rate that affects health and lives globally. The condition has a high occurrence rate and is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disorders. Increased research and more profound knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to the disease’s onset and progression have led to drug discovery and development. Various drugs are on the market against cancer; however, the drugs face challenges of chemoresistance. The other major problem is the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, using complementary and additional medicines from natural sources is the best strategy to overcome these issues. The naturally occurring phytochemicals are a vast source of novel drugs against various ailments. The modes of action by which phytochemicals show their anti-cancer effects can be the induction of apoptosis, the onset of cell cycle arrest, kinase inhibition, and the blocking of carcinogens. This review aims to describe different phytochemicals, their classification, the role of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents, the mode of action of phytochemicals, and their role in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed A. Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Siswina T, Miranti Rustama M, Sumiarsa D, Kurnia D. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal mechanism action as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Res 2023; 11:1115. [PMID: 37151610 PMCID: PMC10157293.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125645.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses or fungal infections are general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review is to describe the antifungal mechanism action from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14a demethylase CYP51. The methods used to search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Flow Diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1.150.000 results searched by database, there is 73 final results article to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol especially lanosterol 14a demethylase (CYP51) inhibition, which is one of the main target sites for antifungal activity because it functions to maintain the integrity and function of cell membranes in Candida. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity through its phytochemical profiling against fungal by inhibiting the lanosterol 14a demethylase, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, and fungal cell lysis.
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Qayyum S, Sultana A, Heyat MBB, Rahman K, Akhtar F, Haq AU, Alkhamis BA, Alqahtani MA, Gahtani RM. Therapeutic Efficacy of a Formulation Prepared with Linum usitatissimum L., Plantago ovata Forssk., and Honey on Uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Analyzed with Machine Learning Techniques. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020643. [PMID: 36839965 PMCID: PMC9965963 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A single-blind double-dummy randomized study was conducted in diagnosed patients (n = 66) to compare the efficacy of Linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.), and honey in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) with standard drugs using experimental and computational analysis. The pessary group received placebo capsules orally twice daily plus a per vaginum cotton pessary of powder from linseeds and psyllium seeds, each weighing 3 gm, with honey (5 mL) at bedtime. The standard group received 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily and 400 mg of metronidazole TID orally plus a placebo cotton pessary per vaginum at bedtime for 14 days. The primary outcomes were clinical features of uPID (vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain (LAP), low backache (LBA), and pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcomes included leucocytes (WBCs) in vaginal discharge on saline microscopy and the SF-12 health questionnaire. In addition, we also classified both (pessary and standard) groups using machine learning models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and AdaBoost (AB). The pessary group showed a higher percentage reduction than the standard group in abnormal vaginal discharge (87.05% vs. 77.94%), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-LAP (80.57% vs. 77.09%), VAS-LBA (74.19% vs. 68.54%), McCormack pain scale (McPS) score for pelvic tenderness (75.39% vs. 67.81%), WBC count of vaginal discharge (87.09% vs. 83.41%) and improvement in SF-12 HRQoL score (94.25% vs. 86.81%). Additionally, our DT 5-fold model achieved the maximum accuracy (61.80%) in the classification. We propose that the pessary group is cost-effective, safer, and more effective as standard drugs for treating uPID and improving the HRQoL of women. Aucubin, Plantamajoside, Herbacetin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, Secoisolariciresinol Monoglucoside, and other various natural bioactive molecules of psyllium and linseeds have beneficial effects as they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The anticipated research work is be a better alternative treatment for genital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Qayyum
- Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
| | - Arshiya Sultana
- Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.B.B.H.)
| | - Md Belal Bin Heyat
- IoT Research Center, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.B.B.H.)
| | - Khaleequr Rahman
- Department of Ilmul Saidla, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bengaluru 560091, Karnataka, India
| | - Faijan Akhtar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - Amin ul Haq
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aedh Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Center for Poison Control and Medical Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M. Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Malik F, Iqbal A, Zia S, Ranjha MMAN, Khalid W, Nadeem M, Selim S, Hadidi M, Moreno A, Manzoor MF, Kowalczewski PŁ, Aadil RM. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management. OPEN CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Among various diseases in humans, diabetes is one of the most complicated disorders resulting either from the malfunctioning of β cells, causing a poor discharge of insulin from them, or poor functioning of the liberated insulin. A wide array of chemical compounds so-called secondary metabolites are present in plants. These phytochemicals are produced as by-products of metabolism and play a key role in plant protection. However, in humans, they offer several beneficial functions. Polyphenols are an important class of phytochemicals and apart from fruits, they are also found in their major wastes mainly including the peel, pomace, and seed. The current review is aimed to focus on the potential sources, distribution, and extraction/isolation of polyphenols from major fruit wastes along with highlighting their medicinal and therapeutic benefits, especially in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Malik
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Iqbal
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Sabika Zia
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | | | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University , Sakaka 72341 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University , Foshan , China
| | | | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
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11
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Banc R, Rusu ME, Filip L, Popa DS. The Impact of Ellagitannins and Their Metabolites through Gut Microbiome on the Gut Health and Brain Wellness within the Gut-Brain Axis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020270. [PMID: 36673365 PMCID: PMC9858309 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs) are a large group of bioactive compounds found in plant-source foods, such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. The consumption of ETs has often been associated with positive effects on many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes, and cancer. Although multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive) have been discussed for ETs, their limited bioavailability prevents reaching significant concentrations in systemic circulation. Instead, urolithins, ET gut microbiota-derived metabolites, are better absorbed and could be the bioactive molecules responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities or anti-tumor cell progression. In this review, we examined the dietary sources, metabolism, and bioavailability of ETs, and analyzed the last recent findings on ETs, ellagic acid, and urolithins, their intestinal and brain activities, the potential mechanisms of action, and the connection between the ET microbiota metabolism and the consequences detected on the gut-brain axis. The current in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies indicate that ET-rich foods, individual gut microbiomes, or urolithin types could modulate signaling pathways and promote beneficial health effects. A better understanding of the role of these metabolites in disease pathogenesis may assist in the prevention or treatment of pathologies targeting the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-450-555
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Siswina T, Miranti Rustama M, Sumiarsa D, Kurnia D. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal mechanism action as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Res 2022; 11:1115. [PMID: 37151610 PMCID: PMC10157293 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125645.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses or fungal infections are a general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review is to describe the antifungal mechanism action from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14a demethylase CYP51. The methods used to search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Flow Diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1.150.000 results searched by database, there is 73 final results article to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol, especially lanosterol 14a demethylase (CYP51) inhibition, which is one of the main target sites for antifungal activity because it functions to maintain the integrity and function of cell membranes in Candida. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity through its phytochemical profiling against fungal by inhibiting the lanosterol 14a demethylase, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, and fungal cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Siswina
- Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, 78124, Indonesia
- Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Dadan Sumiarsa
- Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
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13
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Siswina T, Miranti Rustama M, Sumiarsa D, Kurnia D. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal activity as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Res 2022; 11:1115. [PMID: 37151610 PMCID: PMC10157293 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125645.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoses or fungal infections are a general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review was to describe antifungal activity from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51. The methods used search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1,150,000 results search by database, there were 73 selected articles to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol especially lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibition as a result of 5,6 desaturase (ERG3) downregulation. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity by its phytochemical profiling that act against fungi by inhibiting the fungal cytochrome P 450 pathway, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, morphological changes, and fungal cell lysis.
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14
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Gilani S, Bin-Jumah MN, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ahmed MM, Ghoneim MM, Afzal M, Alzarea SI, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Protective Effect of Fustin Against Ethanol-Activated Gastric Ulcer via Downregulation of Biochemical Parameters in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23245-23254. [PMID: 35847266 PMCID: PMC9280775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fustin plant-derived bioflavonoid obtained from a common plant known as lacquer tree from family Anacardiaceae, formally known as Rhus verniciflua Stokes, is known to exert a variety of therapeutic properties. The current investigation proved the anti-ulcerative property of fustin on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in an experimental animal model. The fustin 50 and 100 mg/kg was studied in an experimental rat model by performing an 8 day protocol. The ulcer index, pH, total acidic content, and biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β, prostaglandin E-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide (NO) in serum were measured. The gastric parameter such as ulcer index, pH, and acidic content was maintained in the fustin groups compared to the ethanol control group. Clinical presentation of gastric ulcers includes a significant increase in serum levels, GSH, SOD, and CAT and decreased MDA, TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E-2 parameters in contrast to normal groups. The treatment regimen with fustin has significantly restored all serum parameters in test groups. The current study helps to develop reasonable phytochemical options for the innervations of chemical-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
Jamal Gilani
- Department
of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology
Department, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment
and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School
of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Delving the Role of Caralluma fimbriata: An Edible Wild Plant to Mitigate the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5720372. [PMID: 35770046 PMCID: PMC9236770 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5720372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS), commonly known as syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome, is a collection of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. MS is believed to impact over a billion individuals worldwide. It is a medical condition defined by visceral obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels, according to the World Health Organization. The current dietary trends are more focused on the use of functional foods and nutraceuticals that are well known for their preventive and curative role against such pathological disorders. Caralluma fimbriata is one such medicinal plant that is gaining popularity. It is a wild, edible, succulent roadside shrub with cactus-like leaves. Besides its main nutrient contents, various bioactive constituents have been identified and linked with positive health outcomes of appetite-suppressing, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer potentials. Hence, such properties make C. fimbriata an invaluable plant against MS. The current review compiles recent available literature on C. fimbriata's nutritional composition, safety parameters, and therapeutic potential for MS. Summarized data in this review reveals that C. fimbriata remains a neglected plant with limited food and therapeutic applications. Yet various studies explored here do prove its positive health-ameliorating outcomes.
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Gastroprotective activities of Peperomia pellucida L. and Pachyrhizus erosus L. extracts combination on ethanol-induced rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2139-2144. [PMID: 35467241 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gastroprotective is an effect caused by the compounds that have the capability of protecting the gastric mucosa. Peperomia pellucida L. plants contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, while Pachyrhizus erosus L. contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Peperomia pellucida L. reportedly contains dillapiole compounds with a gastroprotective effect. Moreover, its isolation result from Pachyrhizus erosus L. indicates the presence of dulcitol, gentisic acid, and formononetin, which has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the gastroprotective effect of the combination of Peperomia pellucida L. and Pachyrhizus erosus L. extract on rats with gastric ulcer models by looking at the ulcer index, percentage of inhibition, and histopathology. The research method used in this study was by making a combination of Peperomia pellucida L. and Pachyrhizus erosus L. extract. The combined extract was then given to five treatment groups. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control was given sucralfate, groups III, IV, and V were given a combination of Peperomia pellucida L. and Pachyrhizus erosus L. extract of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The treatment was given orally for 14 days, after 1 h of treatment on the 14th day, 96% ethanol induction was given orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW. The animal dissection was performed 24 h after the induction. The results from observations showed an increase in body weight before and after the treatment. The ulcer index produced by negative control, positive control in the treatment with doses of 100, 200, and 400 were 4.18; 2.98; 2.42; 2.04; and 1.07. This study showed that the combination of Peperomia pellucida L. and Pachyrhizus erosus L. extract has a gastroprotective effect.
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Fidelis EM, Savall ASP, de Oliveira Pereira F, Quines CB, Ávila DS, Pinton S. Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) as a source of bioactive compounds for health benefits: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Omage SO, Orhue NE, Omage K. Dennettia tripetala Relieves Chronic Hepatorenal Injuries in Rats by Altering fas, sod-1, and tnf-α Expression. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:89-98. [PMID: 35465114 PMCID: PMC9007709 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of Dennettia tripetala extracts was compared to that of the standard drug, silymarin, in reducing chronic liver and kidney anomalies. Male albino Wistar rats were grouped in tens. Carbon tetrachloride was dissolved in olive oil (1:4) and administered to specific groups at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight (bw) twice a week for six weeks. From week five, the extracts and silymarin were administered in distilled water daily for two weeks at doses of 250 mg/kg bw and 6 mg/kg bw, respectively, to specific groups. All administrations were carried out using a gavage, with appropriate controls. These results showed that the plant extracts decreased the serum activity of liver marker enzymes, restored the liver and serum lipid profiles as well as serum protein profile, reduced serum, urea, and creatinine, and restored superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the liver and kidneys, which carbon tetrachloride had altered. The extracts also decreased steatosis and centriole congestion in the liver as well as necrosis and structural damage in the kidneys, which carbon tetrachloride caused, and the extracts proved to be as potent as silymarin. The extracts also decreased the expression of fas (P<0.05), sod-1 (P<0.05), and tnf-α (P>0.05) in the liver, which carbon tetrachloride had increased. Conclusively, D. tripetala reduced chronic liver and kidney damage induced by carbon tetrachloride; it reduced the expression of fas, sod-1, and tnf-α in the liver to levels similar to that of the control group, and it was as effective as silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin 300213, Nigeria
| | - Noghayin E.J. Orhue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin 300213, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin 300251, Nigeria
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Khedher A, Dhibi S, Bouzenna H, Akermi S, El Feki A, Teles PHV, Almeida JRGS, Hfaiedh N. Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Plantago ovata ethanolic extract in rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e255120. [PMID: 35293532 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, β-carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khedher
- University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems - LBBEEO, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Tunisia
| | - S Dhibi
- University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems - LBBEEO, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Tunisia
| | - H Bouzenna
- University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems - LBBEEO, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Tunisia
| | - S Akermi
- University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems - LBBEEO, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Tunisia
| | - A El Feki
- University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems - LBBEEO, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Tunisia
| | - P H V Teles
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants - NEPLAME, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - J R G S Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants - NEPLAME, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - N Hfaiedh
- University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems - LBBEEO, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Tunisia
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Ahmed O, Nedi T, Yimer EM. Evaluation of anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol leaf extracts of Urtica simensis in rats. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100172. [PMID: 35313530 PMCID: PMC8933831 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric ulcer is a major public health problem globally and associated with severe complications including hemorrhages, perforations, gastrointestinal obstruction, and malignancy. Urtica simensis is widely used for traditional management of gastric ulcer in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-gastric ulcer activity of aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of U.simensis in rats. Methods The leaf extracts were prepared using decoction (aqueous) and maceration (80% methanol) techniques and in vivo anti-gastric ulcer effects of various doses of U. simensis extracts and the effect were determined using the pylorus ligation, indomethacin and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models. Results In pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer model, both aqueous and 80% methanol extracts at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were exhibited significant reduction in total acidity, volume of gastric secretion (p < 0.001) and substansial rise in pH (p˂0.05) of the gastric secretion. In indomethacin induced ulcer model, both aqueous and methanol extracts were exhibited dose dependent increment in gastric wall mucus compared to control (p < 0.001). In ethanol induced ulcer model, all doses of extract produced significant increment in gastric wall mucus from 46.66 ± 0.96 (AQ100) to 75.87 ± 1.52 (ME 400) μg alcian blue/g wet stomach. Five days pre-treatment with 200 mg/kg of both and aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.001) ulcer inhibition in both indomethacin and ethanol-induced ulcer models. Conclusion Both extracts of U.simensis exhibited a promising anti-gastric ulcer activity in all of the three models and this findings supports for traditional claimed use of the leaf of U. simensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Ahmed
- Woldia University, College of Health Sciences, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Teshome Nedi
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Wollo University, College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ethiopia
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Phytochemicals, Proximate Composition, Mineral Analysis and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Calligonum crinitum Boiss. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs are potential sources of biomolecules and their analogues that have great relevance in the preparation of modern medicines. Calligonum crinitum, a perennial shrub growing in the United Arab Emirates, has been utilized in the study to validate the therapeutic properties exploited in the traditional medicinal system of UAE. The phytochemical screening of the plant employing different solvents of methanolics and ethyl-acetates, expressed varied proportions of monosaccharides and carbohydrates along with tannins and saponins, which are high potency molecules for therapeutic applications. The presence of total phenol and flavonoid contents derived from methanolic extracts indicates antioxidant potentials and the defense mechanisms of the plant. Proximate and mineral nutrient analysis validates the significance of the extracts with a high amount of carbohydrates and proteins along with significantly high amounts of Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg and K involved in various metabolic reactions. Similarly, the ABTS radical scavenging activity varied significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 10 to 160 µg GAE/g in the methanolic extract. DPPH free radical scavenging activity exhibited a significantly high DPPH activity in methanolic extracts with free radical scavenging activity of 72%. Hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity was also found to be high in the Calligonum extracts along with SOD (49–83%, compared to the standard GAE 37–58%). Nitric oxide scavenging was also found to be high in the extracts, thereby decreasing the content of NO. Thus, our results confirm that the derived extracts have potential antioxidants, and this legitimizes their use in folkloric medicine. These results are highly significant as they can pave the way for future scientific validation of the traditional knowledge of this important medicinal plant.
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HPLC-DAD phenolics screening and in vitro investigation of haemostatic, antidiabetic, antioxidant and photoprotective properties of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction
Traditional medicine has an important place in human history and this since antiquity. Indeed, during Egyptian and Chinese civilization era, many detailed manuscripts, describing the therapeutic effect of plants, were found which suggest that folk medicine is the basis of the actual medicine.
Objective
To investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis.
Methods
The phytochemical evaluation was done based on HPLC-DAD approach. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), while the hemostatic effect was performed using plasma recalcification time (PRT) method. The antidiabetic capacity was investigated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and the photoprotective test was evaluated by the measurement of sun protection factor (SPF).
Results
13 phenolic compounds were identified in both extracts of C. tougourensis. These extracts showed antioxidant, haemostatic, antidiabetic and photoprotective properties with a dose-dependent manner. Amounts of n-BuOH activities were found higher, with a respective IC50 value of 0.72±0.07 μg/ml in DPPH assay, an A0.50 value lower than 3.125 μg/ml in CUPRAC assay besides a shortening rate percentage of coagulation (86.71%) in haemostatic assay, a moderate inhibition effect on alpha amylase activity with an IC50 value of (711.5±0.03 μg/ml) and a maximum sun protection factor of (56.035). These results were mostly found highly significant (p<0.001) when compared to respective standards.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated some pharmacological effects of C. tougourensis which suggests that our plant could be a good candidate to treat some illnesses related to oxidative stress, bleeding or skin cancer.
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Laguna BDCC, Flores Gallegos AC, Ascacio Valdés JA, Iliná A, Galindo AS, Castañeda Facio AO, Esparza González SC, Herrera RR. Physicochemical and functional properties of the undervalued fruits of cactus Cylindropuntia imbricate (“xoconostle”) and antioxidant potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Silitonga H, Siregar GA, Sembiring RJ, Nainggolan M. The Effectiveness of Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz Extract Changes in the Histopathology of Aspirin-Induced Rat Gastritis Model. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gastritis is one of the most common diseases found in internal medicine clinics and daily life.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the histopathological changes of gastric rat model of aspirin-induced gastritis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group K(−) is a negative control (normal) not given any treatment, Group K(+) is a positive control induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW, Group 1 (P1) is a treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethanol extract of chayote 100 mg/kgBW, po, Group 2 (P2) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethanol extract of chayote 200 mg/kgBW, po, Group 3 (P3) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethyl acetate fraction chayote 100 mg/kgBW, PO, Group 4 (P4) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with ethyl acetate fraction chayote 200 mg/kgBW, PO, and Group 5 (P5) was the treatment group induced by aspirin 200 mg/kgBW with omeprazole 20 mg.
RESULTS: Analysis of the results of inflammatory infiltration in gastric histopathology in Groups P1, P2, P3, and P4 showed mild inflammatory infiltration compared to Groups P(5) and K(+). The description of the acinar glands on gastric histopathology showed that the P2 group gave a better picture of the acinar gland repair than the K(+), P2, P3, P4, and P5 groups.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that ethanol extracts of squash 200 mg/KgBW own effectiveness as an anti-inflammatory on the improvement of infiltration of inflammatory and picture histopathological gastric mice compared with the ethanol extract of squash 100 mg/kg, the fraction of ethyl acetate chayote 100 mg/KgBW and 200 mg/KgBW and omeprazole 20 mg.
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Tannic acid is a gastroprotective that regulates inflammation and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112482. [PMID: 34371106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the gastroprotective effect of TA against gastric ulcer in mice, and its possible mechanisms of action. The effects were investigated in a model of ethanol and ethanol/HCl induced ulcers, and physical barrier test. Quantification of oxidative stress mediators and inflammatory cytokines in gastric tissue was performed. The involvement of sulfhydryl compounds (-SH), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), potassium channels (K +ATP) and opioid receptors in gastroprotection were investigated. Oral treatment with TA at a dose of 50 mg/kg resulted in 97.96% and 94.20% (reduction in gastric injury) of gastroprotection, against injuries caused by ethanol and ethanol/HCL, respectively, in addition to having a systematic effect. TA promotes increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) reaction to thiobarbituric acid and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, there was reduction in levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL) IL-1β and IL-6 and increased IL-10. The gastroprotective activity of TA involved K +ATP channels and the production of -SH, NO and PGE2, demonstrating multiple mechanisms of action. The results of the present study suggest that TA may be a gastroprotective agent counteracting oxidative and inflammatory stress.
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Ferreira Gomes CC, de Siqueira Oliveira L, Rodrigues DC, Ribeiro PRV, Canuto KM, Duarte ASG, Eça KS, de Figueiredo RW. Evidence for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in naproxen-induced gastric lesions in rat. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13880. [PMID: 34350985 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of mango peel and pulp on oxidative damage in a naproxen-induced gastric injury rat model. The extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP methods), and the phenolic profile was investigated with UPLC-QToF-MSE . Gastric damage was evaluated in vivo by assessing the membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity, and glutathione (GSH) content. Mango peel and pulp contained high contents of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics (69.50-5.287.70 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g), carotenoids (651.30-665.50 μg/100 g), and vitamin C (21.59-108.19 mg/100 g). UPLC-QToF-MSE analysis identified 17 phenol compounds, including gallotannins, glycosylated flavonoids, and xanthone. The hydroalcoholic extracts of mango peel and pulp (LPe and LPu, respectively) significantly reduced the MPO activity and MDA content. In addition to preventing naproxen-induced GSH decline, LPe (30 mg/kg) and LPu (10 mg/kg) restored its content to normal levels. LPe and LPu neutralized the oxidizing agents triggered by naproxen and reduced the severity of gastric lesions owing to their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Delane C Rodrigues
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kaliana Sitonio Eça
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Identification and Characterization of Glucosyltransferase That Forms 1-Galloyl- β-d-Glucogallin in Canarium album L., a Functional Fruit Rich in Hydrolysable Tannins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154650. [PMID: 34361803 PMCID: PMC8347697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are useful secondary metabolites that are responsible for pharmacological activities and astringent taste, flavor, and quality in fruits. They are also the main polyphenols in Canarium album L. (Chinese olive) fruit, an interesting and functional fruit that has been cultivated for over 2000 years. The HT content of C. album fruit was 2.3-13 times higher than that of berries with a higher content of HT. 1-galloyl-β-d-glucose (βG) is the first intermediate and the key metabolite in the HT biosynthesis pathway. It is catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are responsible for the glycosylation of gallic acid (GA) to form βG. Here, we first reported 140 UGTs in C. album. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into 14 phylogenetic groups (A, B, D-M, P, and Q), which are different from the 14 typical major groups (A~N) of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression pattern and correlation analysis showed that UGT84A77 (Isoform0117852) was highly expressed and had a positive correlation with GA and βG content. Prokaryotic expression showed that UGT84A77 could catalyze GA to form βG. These results provide a theoretical basis on UGTs in C. album, which will be helpful for further functional research and availability on HTs and polyphenols.
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Wibowo DA, Nailufar F, Tjandrawinata RR. Antidiarrheal Effect of DLBS1Y62, a Bioactive Fraction of Uncaria gambir Roxb. Dried Sap Extract, in Wistar Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:669-675. [PMID: 34290534 PMCID: PMC8289365 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s299001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is a common health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is the second leading cause of mortality for children. Uncaria gambir Roxb. extract has been used to treat diarrhea and dysentery, and as an astringent medicine, in Asian countries. Here, we investigated the antidiarrheal effect of DLBS1Y62, which is the bioactive fraction of dried sap extract from U. gambir, using castor oil-induced diarrhea and castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. Methods DLBS1Y62 was obtained by crushing and milling the dried sap extract of U. gambir leaves. Male Wistar rats, 2–3 months old, weighing 200–250 g (n=30), were used for this study. Negative controls received 0.05 mL purified water. Positive controls were treated with 2 mg/kg BW loperamide orally as a suspension. Groups I, II, and III received 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg BW DLBS1Y62, respectively. Group IV received a combination of 6.25 mg/kg BW DLBS1Y62 and 20 mg/kg BW attapulgite. Diarrheal onset and frequency were observed; then, the weight and volume of intestinal contents were measured. Results DLBS1Y62 at all dose levels and in combination with attapulgite could inhibit the formation of further fecal forms of diarrhea, without delaying the onset of diarrhea. The rats that received DLBS1Y62 25 mg/kg BW had the lowest frequency of diarrhea and average intestinal contents compared with the treatment and negative control groups. DLBS1Y62 at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW also gave similar results to 2 mg/kg BW loperamide as a positive control in reducing diarrheal frequency and intestinal content. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that DLBS1Y62, particularly at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW, containing tannin as a compound, may become an alternative treatment for diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicky A Wibowo
- Animal Pharmacology Section, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, 17550, Indonesia
| | - Florensia Nailufar
- Animal Pharmacology Section, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, 17550, Indonesia
| | - Raymond R Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, 17550, Indonesia
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Nobahar A, Carlier JD, Miguel MG, Costa MC. A review of plant metabolites with metal interaction capacity: a green approach for industrial applications. Biometals 2021; 34:761-793. [PMID: 33961184 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrial development is responsible for severe problems related to environmental pollution. Many human and industrial activities require different metals and, as a result, great amounts of metals/heavy metals are discharged into the water and soil making them dangerous for both human and ecosystems and this is being aggravated by intensive demand and utilization. In addition, compounds with metal binding capacities are needed to be used for several purposes including in activities related to the removal and/or recovery of metals from effluents and soils, as metals' corrosion inhibitors, in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and as metal related pharmaceuticals, preferably a with minimum risks associated to the environment. Plants are able to synthesize an uncountable number of compounds with numerous functions, including compounds with metal binding capabilities. In fact, some of the plants' secondary metabolites can bind to various metals through different mechanisms, as such they are excellent sources of such compounds due to their high availability and vast diversity. In addition, the use of plant-based compounds is desirable from an environmental and economical point of view, thus being potential candidates for utilization in different industrial activities, replacing conventional physiochemical methods. This review focuses on the ability of some classes of compounds that can be found in relatively high concentrations in plants, having good metal binding capacities and thus with potential utilization in metal based industrial activities and that can be involved in the progressive development of new environmentally friendly strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nobahar
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Dias Carlier
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Costa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Gaudreault R, Hervé V, van de Ven TGM, Mousseau N, Ramassamy C. Polyphenol-Peptide Interactions in Mitigation of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Biosurface-Induced Aggregation. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:33-55. [PMID: 33749653 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, responsible for nearly two-thirds of all dementia cases. In this review, we report the potential AD treatment strategies focusing on natural polyphenol molecules (green chemistry) and more specifically on the inhibition of polyphenol-induced amyloid aggregation/disaggregation pathways: in bulk and on biosurfaces. We discuss how these pathways can potentially alter the structure at the early stages of AD, hence delaying the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. We also discuss multidisciplinary approaches, combining experimental and modelling methods, that can better characterize the biochemical and biophysical interactions between proteins and phenolic ligands. In addition to the surface-induced aggregation, which can occur on surfaces where protein can interact with other proteins and polyphenols, we suggest a new concept referred as "confinement stability". Here, on the contrary, the adsorption of Aβ and tau on biosurfaces other than Aβ- and tau-fibrils, e.g., red blood cells, can lead to confinement stability that minimizes the aggregation of Aβ and tau. Overall, these mechanisms may participate directly or indirectly in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases, by preventing protein self-association, slowing down the aggregation processes, and delaying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gaudreault
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Hervé
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Normand Mousseau
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Andersen-Civil AIS, Arora P, Williams AR. Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637603. [PMID: 33717185 PMCID: PMC7943737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Hebel-Gerber S, García-Cancino A, Urbina A, Simirgiotis MJ, Echeverría J, Bustamante-Salazar L, Sáez-Carrillo K, Alarcón J, Pastene-Navarrete E. Chilean Rhubarb, Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. (Gunneraceae): UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS Profiling of Aqueous Extract and its Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:583961. [PMID: 33708110 PMCID: PMC7941271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The full UHPLC-MS metabolome fingerprinting and anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb. (Nalca) total extract (GTE) and fractions prepared from its edible fresh petioles were evaluated. The activity of G. tinctoria against H. pylori strains ATCC 45504 and J99 was assessed in vitro by means of agar diffusion assay, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), while killing curve and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) were conducted in order to determine the effect of the plant extract on bacterial growth and ultrastructure. Additionally, the inhibitory effect upon urease was evaluated using both the Jack Bean and H. pylori enzymes. To determine which molecules could be responsible for the antibacterial effects, tentative identification was done by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap®-HR-MS). Furthermore, the total G. tinctoria extract was fractionated using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), giving four active fractions (1-4). It was determined that the crude extract and centrifugal partition chromatography fractions of G. tinctoria have a bactericidal effect being the lowest MIC and MBC = 32 μg/ml. In the killing curves, fraction one acts faster than control amoxicillin. In the urease assay, F3 exhibited the lowest IC50 value of 13.5 μg/ml. Transmission electronic microscopy showed that crude G. tinctoria extract promotes disruption and separation of the cellular wall and outer membrane detachment on H. pylori causing bacterial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hebel-Gerber
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angélica Urbina
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Bustamante-Salazar
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Katia Sáez-Carrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Julio Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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Phenolic compounds from ‘Hass’ avocado peel are retained in the indigestible fraction after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang J, Wang K, Lyu S, Huang J, Huang C, Xing Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li P, Hong J, Xi J, Si X, Ye H, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification of Tannase Genes and Their Function of Wound Response and Astringent Substances Accumulation in Juglandaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664470. [PMID: 34079571 PMCID: PMC8165273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tannins are important polyphenol compounds with different component proportions in different plant species. The plants in the Juglandaceae are rich in tannins, including condensed tannins and hydrolyzable tannins. In this study, we identified seven tannase genes (TAs) responsible for the tannin metabolism from walnut, pecan, and Chinese hickory, and three nut tree species in the Juglandaceae, which were divided into two groups. The phylogenetic and sequence analysis showed that TA genes and neighboring clade genes (TA-like genes) had similar sequences compared with other carboxylesterase genes, which may be the origin of TA genes produced by tandem repeat. TA genes also indicated higher expressions in leaf than other tissues and were quickly up-regulated at 3 h after leaf injury. During the development of the seed coat, the expression of the synthesis-related gene GGTs and the hydrolase gene TAs was continuously decreased, resulting in the decrease of tannin content in the dry sample of the seed coat of Chinese hickory. However, due to the reduction in water content during the ripening process, the tannin content in fresh sample increased, so the astringent taste was obvious at the mature stage. In addition, the CcGGTs' expression was higher than CiGGTs in the initiation of development, but CcTAs continued to be down-regulated while CiTA2a and CiTA2b were up-regulated, which may bring about the significant differences in tannin content and astringent taste between Chinese hickory and pecan. These results suggested the crucial role of TAs in wound stress of leaves and astringent ingredient accumulation in seed coats of two nut tree species in the Juglandaceae.
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Jedidi S, Aloui F, Rtibi K, Sammari H, Selmi H, Rejeb A, Toumi L, Sebai H. Individual and synergistic protective properties of Salvia officinalis decoction extract and sulfasalazine against ethanol-induced gastric and small bowel injuries. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35998-36013. [PMID: 35517119 PMCID: PMC9056994 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the phytochemical composition of Salvia officinalis flowers decoction extract (SOFDE) as well as its individual and/or synergistic actions with sulfasalazine against ethanol (EtOH)-induced peptic ulcer in Wistar rats. In this respect, rats were divided into six groups of eight animals each: control, EtOH, EtOH + sulfasalazine (SULF, 100 mg kg-1, b.w., p.o.), mixture: MIX (SOFDE, 50 mg kg-1 b.w., p.o. + SULF, 50 mg kg-1, b.w., p.o.) and EtOH + two doses of SOFDE (100 and 200 mg kg-1 b.w., p.o.). In vitro, the phytochemical and the antioxidant properties were determined using colorimetric analysis. HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS assay was used to identify the distinctive qualitative profile of phenolic compounds. Our results firstly indicated that SOFDE is rich in total tannins, flavonols, anthocyanins and a moderate concentration of total carotenoids. Chromatographic techniques allowed the identification of 13 phenolic compounds and the major ones are quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and salviolinic acid. SOFDE also exhibited an important in vitro antioxidant activity using the β-carotene bleaching method. In vivo, SOFDE and the mixture provide significant protection against ethanol-induced gastric and duodenal macroscopic and histological alterations. Also, SOFDE alone or in combination with SULF, showed a significant protection against the secretory profile disturbances, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant level depletion induced by alcohol administration. Importantly, we showed that EtOH acute intoxication increased gastric and intestinal calcium, free iron, magnesium and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, while SOFDE/MIX treatment protected against all these intracellular mediators' deregulation. We also showed that alcohol treatment significantly increased the C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in plasma. The SOFDE and MIX treatment significantly protected against alcohol-induced inflammation. More importantly, we showed in the present work that the mixture exerted a more important effect than SOFDE and SULF each alone indicating a possible synergism between these two molecules. In conclusion, our data suggests that SOFDE and SULF exerted a potential synergistic protective effect against all the macroscopic, histological and biochemical disturbances induced by EtOH intoxication. This protection might be related in part to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as by negatively regulating Fenton reaction components such as H2O2 and free iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Jedidi
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Université de Jendouba, Institut Superieur de Biotechnologie de Beja Avenue Habib Bourguiba, B.P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 78 459 098 +216 97 249 486.,Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales, Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka B.P. 345 8110 Tabarka Tunisia.,Universite de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte 7021 Jarzouna Tunisia
| | - Foued Aloui
- Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales, Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka B.P. 345 8110 Tabarka Tunisia
| | - Kais Rtibi
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Université de Jendouba, Institut Superieur de Biotechnologie de Beja Avenue Habib Bourguiba, B.P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 78 459 098 +216 97 249 486
| | - Houcem Sammari
- Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales, Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka B.P. 345 8110 Tabarka Tunisia
| | - Houcine Selmi
- Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales, Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka B.P. 345 8110 Tabarka Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rejeb
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Université de Manouba, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet 2020 Sidi Thabet Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Toumi
- Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales, Université de Jendouba, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka B.P. 345 8110 Tabarka Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, Université de Jendouba, Institut Superieur de Biotechnologie de Beja Avenue Habib Bourguiba, B.P. 382 9000 Beja Tunisia +216 78 459 098 +216 97 249 486
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Is There Such a Thing as "Anti-Nutrients"? A Narrative Review of Perceived Problematic Plant Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102929. [PMID: 32987890 PMCID: PMC7600777 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of lifestyle-induced chronic diseases. The thousands of phytochemicals they contain are implicated in cellular-based mechanisms to promote antioxidant defense and reduce inflammation. While recommendations encourage the intake of fruits and vegetables, most people fall short of their target daily intake. Despite the need to increase plant-food consumption, there have been some concerns raised about whether they are beneficial because of the various ‘anti-nutrient’ compounds they contain. Some of these anti-nutrients that have been called into question included lectins, oxalates, goitrogens, phytoestrogens, phytates, and tannins. As a result, there may be select individuals with specific health conditions who elect to decrease their plant food intake despite potential benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the science of these ‘anti-nutrients’ and weigh the evidence of whether these compounds pose an actual health threat.
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Wu CY, Chi H, Liu CC, Huang YC, Huang YC, Lin HC, Ho YH, Huang LM, Huang CY, Shih SM, Wu FT, Mu JJ, Hsiung CA. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for children with norovirus gastroenteritis in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:909-917. [PMID: 32943327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus is a common acute gastroenteritis (AGE) pathogen across all age groups worldwide, which is difficult to differentiate from other pathogens. This study aimed to understand the clinical characteristics and risk factors of norovirus gastroenteritis among children in Taiwan. METHODS A prospective AGE surveillance study was conducted in children aged ≤5 years who were hospitalized in 10 major hospitals in Taiwan between 2014 and 2017. The non-AGE control group included healthy children who were matched based on age, gender, season, and geographic area. RESULTS Overall, 674 norovirus gastroenteritis patients were enrolled. Fever (p < 0.001), mucoid stool (p < 0.001), and bloody stool (p < 0.001) occurred less frequently among norovirus gastroenteritis patients. Norovirus gastroenteritis patients yielded lower CRP values on admission (21.78 ± 36.81 vs. 46.26 ± 58.12 mg/L, p < 0.001) than non-norovirus controls. Norovirus gastroenteritis patients were associated with higher direct contact rates with AGE patients within 1 week (30.5% vs. 0.97%, p < 0.001), lower hand wash rates before meals (21.6% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.001), lower human milk (15.8% vs. 19.8%, p = 0.045) and guava consumption rates (17.8% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.002) than non-AGE participants. CONCLUSIONS Body temperature, stool characteristics, and CRP value can help distinguish the norovirus from other pathogens. The major risk factor of norovirus AGE is contact with AGE patient. Higher frequency of hand wash, human milk, and guava intake may be protective against norovirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Children's Hospital, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Children's Hospital, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chuan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huai Ho
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Huang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Man Shih
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzy Wu
- Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jung Mu
- Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Uchendu IK, Okoroiwu HU. Evaluation of Blood Oxidant/Antioxidant Changes and Testicular Toxicity after Subacute Exposure to Cadmium in Albino Rats: Therapeutic Effect of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:79-87. [PMID: 32452325 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200526134923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Cells and tissues of the body are prone to oxidative damage as a result of an increased level of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen radical beyond the detoxifying ability of the endogenous antioxidant system. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa (MENS) against cadmium-induced blood oxidative stress and testicular toxicity in albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five (25) male albino rats, weighing (200 ± 20g), were randomly grouped into five groups (A-E). Group B (Negative Control) received intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5 mg/kg) only, group C received CdCl2 and low dose MENS (300 mg/kg, oral), group D received CdCl2 and high dose MENS (600 mg/kg, oral), group E (Positive control) received CdCl2 and Vitamin C (200 mg/kg, oral), for 14 days. No treatment was administered to group A (Normal control). The oxidative state of the blood was assessed by measuring the blood levels or activities of MDA, CAT, GSH and SOD; while testicular injury was assessed by measuring serum testosterone level using ELISA. The testes were harvested for histopathological examination. RESULTS The results showed that cadmium induced a marked elevation in the level of MDA, and a decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH levels or activities (p<0.05 or p<0.01); but no significant alteration in the serum testosterone level was found (p>0.05); Histopathological studies on the testes showed that cadmium significantly induced testicular injury, which was however ameliorated by the seed extract of N. sativa. CONCLUSION We conclude that N. sativa seed extract is potentially testiculoprotective and attenuates oxidative stress against harmful chemical toxins such as cadmium.
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Dai X, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Yao S, Liu L, Jiang X, Zhou K, Wang Y, Xie D, Bennetzen JL, Gao L, Xia T. Discovery and characterization of tannase genes in plants: roles in hydrolysis of tannins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1104-1116. [PMID: 32061142 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant tannins, including condensed tannins (CTs) and hydrolyzable tannins (HTs), are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. To date, tannase (TA) - is a type of tannin acyl-hydrolase hydrolyzing HTs, CT monomer gallates and depsides - has been reported in microbes only. Whether plants express TA remains unknown. Herein, we report plant TA genes. A native Camellia sinensis TA (CsTA) is identified from leaves. Six TAs are cloned from tea, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, Fa) and four other crops. Biochemical analysis shows that the native CsTA and six recombinant TAs hydrolyze tannin compounds, depsides and phenolic glycosides. Transcriptional and metabolic analyses reveal that the expression of CsTA is oppositely associated with the accumulation of galloylated catechins. Moreover, the transient overexpression and RNA interference of FaTA are positively associated with the accumulation of ellagitannins in strawberry fruit. Phylogenetic analysis across different kingdoms shows that 29 plant TA homologs are clustered as a plant-specific TA clade in class I carboxylesterases. Further analysis across the angiosperms reveals that these TA genes are dispersed in tannin-rich plants, which share a single phylogenetic origin c. 120 million yr ago. Plant TA is discovered for the first time in the plant kingdom and is shown to be valuable to improve tannin compositions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Shengbo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Deyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Bennetzen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
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Tannic acid acts as an agonist of the dopamine D2L receptor, regulates immune responses, and ameliorates experimentally induced colitis in mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100071. [PMID: 34589853 PMCID: PMC8474654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is an herbal polyphenol containing a galloyl group that has been prescribed to treat gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. TA has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties; however, the molecular mechanisms of these potential therapeutic effects are still largely unknown. Here, we examined the ability of TA to induce anti-inflammatory responses. TA was found to be an agonist of the dopamine D2L receptor. TA reduced interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion but upregulated tumor necrosis factor α and IL-10 secretion from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse splenocytes. TA also reduced IFN-γ secretion but enhanced IL-10 secretion from anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3/CD28 antibody-stimulated splenocytes. An immune subset study confirmed that TA regulated cytokine secretion by various types of immune cells in the context of stimulation with LPS or anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Administration of TA to mice with experimentally induced colitis strikingly suppressed weight loss, colon shrinkage, and IL-17 secretion from mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation. These data suggest that TA suppresses inflammatory responses in colitis by regulating cytokine secretion by immune cells in the colon. Tannic acid is an agonist of the dopamine D2L receptor. Tannic acid suppresses IFN-γ secretion by LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Tannic acid modulates anti-CD3/CD28 antibody-stimulated cytokine levels in CD4+ T cells. Tannic acid ameliorates dextran sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Tannic acid reduces production of IL-17 in DSS-induced colitis.
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Bahramsoltani R, Kalkhorani M, Abbas Zaidi SM, Farzaei MH, Rahimi R. The genus Tamarix: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112245. [PMID: 31542471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Tamarix L., with the common name of tamarisk, consists of more than 60 species of halophyte plants which are used for medicinal purposes such as infections, wounds, and liver and spleen disorders by local people mostly in Asian and African countries. AIM OF THE REVIEW In spite of the potential health benefits of Tamarix spp., the plant is not yet well-known in modern medicine; thus, the aim of the present review is to provide a critical appraisal of the current state of the art regarding the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Tamarix spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane library, Science Direct, and Scopus) were searched with the words "Tamarix" and "Tamarisk" to collect all available data regarding different Tamarix species from the inception until May 2019. RESULTS Tamarix spp. is traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders, wounds, diabetes, and dental problems. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins constitute the main phytochemicals of these plants. Preclinical pharmacological evaluations have demonstrated several biological activities for Tamarix spp. including antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory; however, no clinical evidence have yet been provided to support the health benefits of these plants. CONCLUSIONS Tamarix spp. are plants rich in polyphenolic compounds with valuable medicinal properties; though, there are several methodological problems such as lack of a mechanistic approach and taxonomic ambiguities in the current available data. High-quality preclinical studies, as well as well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Kalkhorani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Mohd Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Moalajat (Internal Medicine), Hakim Syed Ziaul Hasan Government Unani Medical College, Bhopal, India
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Combination of probiotics with different functions alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating intestinal microbiota, IL-10, and barrier function. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:335-349. [PMID: 31758237 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of probiotics for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) has attracted increasing attention. However, more studies are still needed to guide physicians on the proper selection and use of probiotics. Here, we propose that combination of multiple probiotics with different functions can reduce intestinal inflammation. In this study, the effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacillus coagulans, Bifidobacterium longum, and Clostridium butyricum) on the physiology and histopathology of colon were evaluated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The combined species, as well as the species individually, were tested and compared with sulfasalazine (SASP) and two Chinese herbal therapies. Results show that the functions of the four probiotic strains were different in regulating intestinal immunity and barrier function. The four-species probiotic cocktail was more effective than the species individually and anti-inflammatory drugs in repairing the dysbiosis of mucosal microbial ecology and reducing intestinal inflammation. The multi-strain probiotic mixture increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria and decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory bacteria in the colonic mucosa. In addition, probiotic mixture significantly enhanced the expression of IL-10 and intestinal barrier function. These results suggest that a combination of multiple probiotics with different functions has synergistic effects and can restore the balance of interactions between microorganisms and immunological niches.
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In vivo antiulcer activity, phytochemical exploration, and molecular modelling of the polyphenolic-rich fraction of Crepis sancta extract. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:321-331. [PMID: 31482260 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided investigation of the methanol extract of Crepis sancta aerial parts, collected off Al-Tafilah, South Jordan, was applied, and in this study, the extract was explored for its phytochemical components and in vivo antiulcer activity. In addition, a docking study involving the purified compounds with the newly crystalized gastric proton pump (PDB # 5YLU) was performed. In-depth phytochemical investigation using the state-of-the-art chromatographic and analytical techniques was implemented resulting in the identification of two eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids, 3-oxo-γ-costic acid (1) and its methyl ester (2) together with seven different methoxylated flavonols (3-9) as the extract's major components. The in vivo antiulcer study at three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in male albino rats, compared to omeprazole (20 mg/kg) as a standard proton pump inhibitor antiulcer drug, revealed that the tested extract, at the middle and the highest doses, featured comparable or even superior activities relative to omeprazole as deduced from histopathological examination, in particular with regard to reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and ceasing mucosal haemorrhage. The tested extract revealed also a dose-dependent reduction in the volume and titrable acidity of the gastric juice together with a dose-dependent increase in the protective gastric mucin content which may explain the noticeable gastroprotective effect. Molecular modelling study of the isolated compounds showed a binding mode similar to the co-crystallized substrate vonoprazan in 5YLU which strengthens the importance of the tested extract as a potential natural remedy for treating gastric ulcer.
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Chemical fingerprint, acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves from Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schlecht.) K. Schum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:873-880. [PMID: 31303814 PMCID: PMC6600634 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the organism against damaging agents, this process is considered beneficial, however in some situations, this response can be damage when exacerbated effect are present. This claim objective to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative chemical profile, acute toxic and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves from Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schlecht.) K. Schum. (HELTF). Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-DAD and colorimetric assay. The topical anti-inflammatory activity was determined in Croton oil-induced ear edema assay and systemic activity was performed in vascular permeability, paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran. Phytochemical analysis of leaves from HELTF showed presence of tannin, flavonoid, saponins an other that confirmed by HPLC analysis. The extract did not cause significant with LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg and did not promote significate reduction in topical inflammatory process. However, HELTF demonstrate significant reduction of paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran. The HELTF (200 mg/kg) reduced the protein/cell migration in the intradermal carrageenan-induced inflammation. Our results demonstrated that the first time the chemical profile and describe the effective action in systemic anti-inflammatory, antiedematogenic activity and low acute toxicity. This activity presents, supporting its traditional use. However, new studies are necessary for the detection and clarification of the possible mechanism of action.
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Ugwah MO, Ugwah-Oguejiofor CJ, Etuk EU, Bello SO, Aliero AA. Evaluation of the antiulcer activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca L Delile in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111931. [PMID: 31055003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (Zygophyllaceae) is a perennial tree that is mostly found in Africa, south Asia and most desert environments. Decoctions of its stem barks are used in northern Nigeria for the treatment of ulcers and stomach issues. Other folkloric uses include treatment of wounds, malaria, dysentery, asthma, and fever. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the antiulcer activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiulcer activity of the aqueous stem bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated in ethanol, indomethacin, pylorus ligation and acetic acid-induced ulcer models in rats. Parameters such as mean ulcer indices and percentage ulcer inhibition were assessed in ethanol, indomethacin and acetic acid-induced ulcer models while gastric volume, pH, and titratable acidity were evaluated in the pylorus ligation ulcer model. RESULTS The extract at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg caused a significant (p < 0.01), dose dependent reduction in mean ulcer indices in the ethanol and indomethacin ulcer models. A significant dose dependent reduction in mean ulcer indices were also observed after three (p < 0.01) and seven (p < 0.001) days of treatment with the extract in acetic acid-induced ulcer model. In pylorus ligation model, the gastric secretion parameters (gastric volume, pH, and titratable acidity) showed no alteration in the different doses of the extract when compared to the control. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the aqueous stem bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca possesses gastroprotective and ulcer healing properties and therefore not only provides scientific evidence for its folkloric use in the treatment of ulcers but also showed evidence that it may be used in the development of a new phytotherapeutic formulation for the treatment of peptic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Ugwah
- Department of Pharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B., 2370, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Chinenye J Ugwah-Oguejiofor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel U Etuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Shaibu O Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Adamu A Aliero
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B, 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria.
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Lukiswanto BS, Miranti A, Sudjarwo SA, Primarizky H, Yuniarti WM. Evaluation of wound healing potential of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) whole fruit extract on skin burn wound in rats ( Rattus norvegicus). J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:202-207. [PMID: 31453192 PMCID: PMC6702873 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This research was conducted to study the wound healing process of whole fruit pomegranate extract (punica granatum) standardized with 40% ellagic acid ointment for deep second-degree burn wound of skin in the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods: Powder of standardized pomegranate extract (SPE) with 40% ellagic acid was processed to become ointments. Twenty-five male rats, weighed 150–180 gm at 3 months of age, were randomly divided into five groups. After anesthetized, stainless circle plate with 1 cm of diameter in 85°C was contacted firmly toward right gluteal of rat skins for 5 sec in order to create deep second-degree burn wound. Control groups consist of (T0) cream base and (T1) 1% silver sulfadiazine. Treatment groups consist of (T2) 2.5% SPE, (T3) 5% SPE, and (T4) 10% SPE. Histopathological preparation used hematoxylin-eosin stained skin samples. Histological observations were performed using the optics microscope against collagen, the number of polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration, the degree of angiogenesis, and re-epithelization. The results were statistically compared between groups. Results: Microscopic observation on the wound healing process on the collagen, PMN infiltration, angiogenesis, and re-epithelization showed that topical administration of 10% SPE in burns gives the best result. This is characterized by a high density of collagen with a good arrangement, which is accompanied by a complete and mature epithelium, low number of inflammatory cells, and angiogenesis. This may be caused by the compounds in the pomegranate extract, which have the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial effects. Conclusion: This study reveals that 10% SPE accelerates the healing of deep second-degree burn wound. Thus, pomegranate standardized with 40% ellagic acid is a promising herb for the healing of burn wound of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alya Miranti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hardany Primarizky
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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The Terminalia laxiflora modulates the neurotoxicity induced by fipronil in male albino rats. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181363. [PMID: 30777931 PMCID: PMC6395302 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of fipronil (FPN) may trigger hazards to more than insects. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the abrogating role of Terminalia laxiflora (TL) methanol extract (TLE) against the neurotoxic effects provoked by FPN. Fourty male albino rats were assigned into four equal groups. The first group served as control, the second one was orally administered FPN (10.5 mg/kg BW), the third group was given combination of FPN and TLE) (100 mg/kg BW), and the fourth one was orally given TLE. Our findings highlighted the efficacy of TLE as a neuroprotectant through a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 25.8%, elevations of the reduced glutathione (GSH) level, catalase (CAT,) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 30.9, 41.2, and 48.2% respectively. Consequently, the relative mRNA levels of both Bax and caspase-3 were down-regulated by 40.54% and caspase-3 by 30.35% compared with the control group. Moreover, restoration of the pathological tissue injuries were detected. In conclusion, TLE proved to be a potent neuroprotective agent against the FPN-induced toxicity.
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Jafari Barmak M, Dehghan Menshadi A, Mahmoudi R, Bardania H. Evaluation of the effect of the internal layer of oak fruit (jaft) extract on the prevention of gastric ulcers caused by stress in male rats. J Med Life 2018; 11:225-230. [PMID: 30364641 PMCID: PMC6197526 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many drugs with high efficacy are used to treat stomach ulcers, but they have many side effects. Therefore, much effort has been made to find new effective compounds from plant extracts. The aqueous extract of the internal layer of oak fruit (jaft) contains antioxidants and tannins; it has many desirable properties such as inhibition of the growth of pathogens. In this study, the preventing effect of Jaft extract on stomach ulcers induced by stress was investigated. Matherials and Methods: The effect of the extract on the prevention of gastric ulcer was investigated using a variety of methods including pH measurement, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and histological methods. Rats were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups were gavage fed with different concentrations of Jaft extract, ranitidine and normal saline. The sixth group was gavage fed with normal saline as the control group. Ranitidine and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS version 18.0. Results: It was revealed that the average thickness of the mucous glands and mucosal folds in the groups receiving the extract (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) did not significantly decrease when compared with the situation of the control group (p<0.05). However, the average nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the control group meaningfully decreased in comparison with groups receiving the extract (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg). The average pH in groups receiving the extract and ranitidine significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Jaft extract contains abundant polyphenolic compounds and tannins and has several biological properties such as pharmacological properties, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of lipid oxidation. Therefore, it has the potential to prevent and treat stomach ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Jafari Barmak
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Adejayan AA, Ozolua RI, Uwaya DO, Eze GI, Ezike AC. Evaluation of the anti-asthmatic and antitussive potentials of methanol leaf extract of Napoleona vogelii in rodents. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:120-126. [PMID: 30396068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Napoleona vogelii is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of asthma and cough. This study evaluated antiasthmatic and antitussive properties of its methanol leaf extract (NVE) in rodents. Phytochemical screening was conducted using established methods. Acute oral toxicity test was done in mice and guinea pigs. Ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs were orally pretreated with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day of NVE or 0.5 mg/kg/day of salbutamol for 14 days before exposure to 0.2% histamine aerosol. Latency to preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD), tracheal fluid volume (TFV), flow rate (FR), and tracheal morphometry (TM) were evaluated. Tracheal rings from sensitized guinea pigs were tested in organ baths for antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects. Citric acid and ammonium hydroxide cough models were used to evaluate antitussive effects in guinea pigs and mice respectively. Tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic substances were found in NVE. LD50 values in mice and guinea pigs were greater than 5000 mg/kg. NVE caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the latency to PCD and a decrease in TFV in the group treated with 200 mg/kg. TM indicated a reduction in airway narrowing in NVE-treated groups. The presence of NVE significantly attenuated responses of tracheal rings to carbachol. Its addition to carbachol precontracted rings resulted in significant relaxation. Emax for calcium concentration-response was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the presence of NVE. Cough bouts dose-dependently decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in guinea pigs and mice. We conclude that NVE seems safe and possesses anti-asthmatic effect that involves inhibition of calcium influx. It also has antitussive properties that may be peripherally mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola A Adejayan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Raymond I Ozolua
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria.
| | - Dickson O Uwaya
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Gerald I Eze
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Adaobi C Ezike
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Sangiovanni E, Piazza S, Vrhovsek U, Fumagalli M, Khalilpour S, Masuero D, Di Lorenzo C, Colombo L, Mattivi F, De Fabiani E, Dell'Agli M. A bio-guided approach for the development of a chestnut-based proanthocyanidin-enriched nutraceutical with potential anti-gastritis properties. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:145-155. [PMID: 29928974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastritis is a widely spread inflammatory disease, mostly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Release of IL-8 by the stomach epithelium is a hallmark of gastritis and contributes to the amplification of the inflammatory state. Pharmacological modulation of IL-8 release is a strategy to relieve gastric inflammation and prevent more severe clinical outcomes. In search of nutraceuticals with potential anti-gastritis properties we used a bio-guided approach based on IL-8 secretion by gastric cells to characterize extracts from the fruits of different chestnut varieties. We found that the ability to inhibit IL-8 secretion correlated with the amount of proanthocyanidins and was associated to the not edible parts of chestnut in all the tested varieties. We also found that the anti-inflammatory activity is preserved upon mild thermal treatment and after in vitro simulated gastric digestion. By combining a robust bio-guided approach with a comprehensive analysis of the tannin fraction of chestnut extracts, we provide evidence for the potential use of chestnut-based nutraceuticals in human gastritis. The bioactive components of chestnut fruits inhibit IL-8 secretion by impairing NF-κB signaling and by other mechanisms, thus opening new applications of proanthocyanidins for inflammation-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- E. Mach Foundation, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Saba Khalilpour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- E. Mach Foundation, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Colombo
- Consorzio Castanicoltori di Brinzio, Orino e Castello Cabiaglio, Società Cooperativa Agricola-Varese, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- E. Mach Foundation, Food Quality and Nutrition Department, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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