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Lin C, Zhang Y, Liao J, Cui S, Gao Z, Han W. Effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives on small cell lung cancer H446 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:65. [PMID: 38368311 PMCID: PMC10874342 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) on the proliferation of small cell lung cancer H446 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of HPD(0, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20 μg/mL) for 4 h, and then irradiated with 630 nm laser with different energy densities (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mW/cm2). Cell viability of H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was observed with Annexin V-FTTC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33258. The RT-PCR examination was applied to detect the transcriptional changes of the mRNA of Bax、Bcl-2, and Caspase-9. The results of CCK8 showed that when the HPD was 15 μg/mL and the laser power density reached 50 mW/cm2, the cell viability was significantly decreased compared with the black control group. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that with the increase of HPD concentration, the cell density was reduced, and apoptotic cells increased. Flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptotic rates of the HPD-PDT group of H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were significantly different from those of the blank control group. The RT-PCR examination showed that the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA in the HPD-PDT group were up-regulated, while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were down-regulated significantly. HPD-PDT can inhibit H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells growth. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA and down-regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, 264001, China
| | - Jiemei Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411199, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weizhong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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da Silva CMB, Cano FEM, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Vega FJP. Multiparametric Flow Cytometry for Determination of Viability, Caspase 3 and 7 Activity, and Lipid Peroxidation Adduct (4-Hydroxynonenal) in Equine Spermatozoa. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e885. [PMID: 37672491 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for the analysis of cell samples formed of multipopulations, such as spermatozoa. In recent years, multiparametric cytometers have evolved, allowing the study of different cellular characteristics, such as protein expression, DNA analysis, or mitochondrial activity. Whether using traditional fluorescent dyes or fluorophore-conjugated antibodies, each cell or cellular component is individually stained, the sample is analyzed at high velocities, and then is displayed and interpreted in a dot-plot. We hereby describe the procedure to perform a multiparametric flow cytometry analysis in equine spermatozoa using three sources of excitation and polychromatic flow cytometry for the detection of 4HNE, a lipid peroxidation adduct (by anti-4HNE antibody), apoptotic markers (by caspases 3 and 7 activity), and live/dead spermatozoa (by ethidium-homodimer) excluding the debris with Hoechst 33342 staining and gating. This multiparametric analysis allows the simultaneous detection of different spermatic parameters, providing useful information for the characterization of a seminal sample and fertility estimation. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Determination of viability, caspase 3 and 7 activity, and 4-hydroxynonenal in equine spermatozoa by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maria Balão da Silva
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Agrarian School of Elvas, Elvas, Portugal
- VALORIZA, Research Centre for Endogenous Resources Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Francisco E Martín Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Gemma Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando J Peña Vega
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Casciano F, Zauli E, Busin M, Caruso L, AlMesfer S, Al-Swailem S, Zauli G, Yu AC. State of the Art of Pharmacological Activators of p53 in Ocular Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3593. [PMID: 37509256 PMCID: PMC10377487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of p53 in the regulation of a vast array of cellular functions has been the subject of extensive research. The biological activity of p53 is not strictly limited to cell cycle arrest but also includes the regulation of homeostasis, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. Thus, mutations in the p53 gene with loss of function represent one of the major mechanisms for cancer development. As expected, due to its key role, p53 is expressed throughout the human body including the eye. Specifically, altered p53 signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of conjunctival and corneal tumors, retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, and intraocular melanoma. As non-selective cancer chemotherapies as well as ionizing radiation can be associated with either poor efficacy or dose-limiting toxicities in the eye, reconstitution of the p53 signaling pathway currently represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. The present review discusses the role of p53 in the pathogenesis of these ocular tumors and outlines the various pharmacological activators of p53 that are currently under investigation for the treatment of ocular malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Busin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", 47122 Forlì, Italy
- Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saleh AlMesfer
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Al-Swailem
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angeli Christy Yu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì "Villa Igea", 47122 Forlì, Italy
- Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forlì, Italy
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4
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Caspase Inhibition Modulates Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Polarization in Damaged Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044151. [PMID: 36835566 PMCID: PMC9964254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes are recruited in damaged tissues to generate macrophages that modulate disease progression. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) promotes the generation of monocyte-derived macrophages, which involves caspase activation. Here, we demonstrate that activated caspase-3 and caspase-7 are located to the vicinity of the mitochondria in CSF1-treated human monocytes. Active caspase-7 cleaves p47PHOX at aspartate 34, which promotes the formation of the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase complex NOX2 and the production of cytosolic superoxide anions. Monocyte response to CSF-1 is altered in patients with a chronic granulomatous disease, which are constitutively defective in NOX2. Both caspase-7 down-regulation and radical oxygen species scavenging decrease the migration of CSF-1-induced macrophages. Inhibition or deletion of caspases prevents the development of lung fibrosis in mice exposed to bleomycin. Altogether, a non-conventional pathway that involves caspases and activates NOX2 is involved in CSF1-driven monocyte differentiation and could be therapeutically targeted to modulate macrophage polarization in damaged tissues.
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Wang X, Xu P, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lenahan C, Fang Y, Lu J, Zheng J, Wang K, Wang W, Zhou J, Chen S, Zhang J. New Insights of Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on the Caspase Family. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:392-408. [PMID: 35450528 PMCID: PMC10190145 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220420115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), primarily caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, remains a prominent clinical challenge with a high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Accumulating clinical trials aiming at the prevention of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) have failed to improve the clinical outcome of patients with SAH. Therefore, a growing number of studies have shifted focus to the pathophysiological changes that occur during the periods of early brain injury (EBI). New pharmacological agents aiming to alleviate EBI have become a promising direction to improve outcomes after SAH. Caspases belong to a family of cysteine proteases with diverse functions involved in maintaining metabolism, autophagy, tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. Increasing evidence shows that caspases play a critical role in brain pathology after SAH. Therefore, caspase regulation could be a potential target for SAH treatment. Herein, we provide an overview pertaining to the current knowledge on the role of caspases in EBI after SAH, and we discuss the promising therapeutic value of caspase-related agents after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penglei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wei S, Feng M, Zhang S. Molecular Characteristics of Cell Pyroptosis and Its Inhibitors: A Review of Activation, Regulation, and Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416115. [PMID: 36555757 PMCID: PMC9783510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an active and ordered form of programmed cell death. The signaling pathways of pyroptosis are mainly divided into canonical pathways mediated by caspase-1 and noncanonical pathways mediated by caspase-11. Cell pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases (mainly caspase-1, 4, 5, 11) and cleavage of various members of the Gasdermin family to form membrane perforation components, leading to cell membrane rupture, inflammatory mediators release, and cell death. Moderate pyroptosis is an innate immune response that fights against infection and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the normal function of the immune system. However, excessive pyroptosis occurs and leads to immune disorders in many pathological conditions. Based on canonical pathways, research on pyroptosis regulation has demonstrated several pyroptotic inhibitors, including small-molecule drugs, natural products, and formulations of traditional Chinese medicines. In this paper, we review the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, summarize inhibitors of pyroptosis, and propound that herbal medicines should be a focus on the research and development for pyroptosis blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shidong Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-211-5256; Fax: +86-931-211-5191
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Li Z, Han Z. Transcriptional response of short-term nanoplastic exposure in Monodonta labio. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:114005. [PMID: 35952547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoplastic (NP) pollution across aquatic environments has elicited widespread attention in recent years, its associated risks remain unclear. Using intertidal Monodonta labio as the test organism, RNA-Seq was performed to analyze the expression levels of genes under acute exposure to different concentrations of NPs in this study. A large quantity of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in response to three concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) of NPs. The expression levels of genes related to immunity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were altered after NP exposure, and most of them were suppressed. These findings establish the foundation for future research on the biological effects of NP ingestion among aquatic organisms and their potential effects on humans via the consumption of these marine resources. However, further research on DEGs is needed to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind their responses to NP toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Li
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
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8
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Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention by S-Allyl Cysteine–Caffeic Acid Hybrids: In Vitro Biological Activity and In Silico Studies. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) gives only a small increase in patient survival, since it is often diagnosed at late stages, when the tumor has disseminated to other organs. Moreover, it is common to observe that malignant cells may acquire resistance to conventional chemotherapies through different mechanisms, including reducing drug activation or accumulation (by enhancing efflux), inducing alterations in molecular targets, and inhibiting the DNA damage response, among other strategies. Considering these facts, the discovery of new molecules with therapeutic potential has become an invaluable tool in chemoprevention. In this context, we previously evaluated two hybrids (SAC-CAFA-MET and SAC-CAFA-PENT) that exhibited selective cytotoxicity against SW480 cells, with better results than the conventional chemotherapeutic agent (5-fluorouracil; 5-FU). Here, we investigated the possible mechanisms of these molecules in greater depth, to identify whether they could be valuable therapeutic scaffolds in the search for new molecules with chemopreventive potential for the treatment of CRC. Both compounds reduced ROS formation, which could be related to antioxidant effects. Further evaluations showed that SAC-CAFA-MET induces cell death independent of caspases and the tumor-suppressor protein p53, but probably mediated by the negative regulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2. In addition, the lack of activation of caspase-8 and the positive regulation of caspase-3 induced by SAC-CAFA-PENT suggest that this compound acts through an apoptotic mechanism, probably initiated by intrinsic pathways. Furthermore, the downregulation of IL-6 by SAC-CAFA-PENT suggests that it also induces a significant anti-inflammatory process. In addition, docking studies would suggest caspase-3 modulation as the primary mechanism by which SAC-CAFA-PENT elicits apoptosis in SW480human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that both hybrids would produce effects in the modulation of ROS in SW480 cells via the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway. The present work notes that SAC-CAFA-MET and SAC-CAFA-PENT could be potential candidates for further investigations in the search for potential chemopreventive agents.
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Geng S, Gu L, Zhong L, Xu T, Sun Y. Genomic organization, evolution and functional characterization of caspase-2 and caspase-8 in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104308. [PMID: 34742824 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the central link and executor of cell apoptosis, the caspase protease family has received extensive attention in recent years. However, the genetic characteristics and immune functions of some caspases are still unknown in fish. In our study, we cloned the full-length caspase-2 (mmCasp2) and caspase-8 (mmCasp2) of miiuy croaker, then we analyzed characteristics and functions of these two genes which are upstream of the apoptosis cascade reaction. Mmcasp2 and mmCasp8 exhibited a conserved domain (CASc), and the different part is that the mmCasp2 has a CARD domain, while mmCasp8 have two DED domains. Sequence and evolution analysis results showed that caspase-2 is more conservative than caspae-8 in the process of evolution. Cellular localization analysis showed that the distribution of mmCasp2 and mmCasp2 was in cytoplasm. The real-time PCR analysis showed that these two caspases are constitutively expressed in different tissues, and the expression of mmCasp2 and mmCasp8 were up-regulated in the liver, spleen, and kidney after infection with V. anguillarum. Lastly, qRT-PCR and Luciferase assays analysis showed that mmCasp2 and mmCasp8 can inhibit the NF-кB pathway. In general, we systematically analyzed the structure, evolution and related functional experiments of the caspase-2 and caspase-8 in miiuy croaker, which will help further understand the role caspase family plays in the apoptosis and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Geng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichang Zhong
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
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10
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Wang J, Wang Q, Chen P, Li Q, Li Z, Xu M, Zeng K, Li C. Podophyllotoxin-combined 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy significantly promotes HR-HPV-infected cell death. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 38:343-353. [PMID: 34779024 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases are difficult clinical challenges. The efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in treating condyloma acuminata is remarkable, with high virus clearance and low recurrence rates. Podophyllotoxin (POD) is the first-line drug with a significant therapeutic effect on condyloma acuminata. However, no studies have determined whether POD-combined ALA-PDT improves high-risk (HR)-HPV-infected cell killing. We aimed to investigate whether POD-combined ALA-PDT could promote HPV-infected cell death more effectively than the single treatment and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS In HeLa and SiHa cells, flow cytometry, EdU assay and LDH release test were used to detect apoptosis, cell proliferation change and necrosis, respectively. To investigate whether the combined therapy might activate apoptosis and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, flow cytometry was used to determine intracellular levels of ROS and calcium, and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of related proteins. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was detected by JC-1 assay. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of autophagy. RESULTS Podophyllotoxin -combined ALA-PDT inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis and necrosis more effectively than the single treatment at the same intensity and concentration. The activation of the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway, ER stress and autophagy was more substantial in POD-combined ALA-PDT than with single treatments. CONCLUSION Podophyllotoxin -combined ALA-PDT effectively promoted cell death through several pathways in HeLa and SiHa cells. This combination might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the HR-HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingjiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meinian Xu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxing Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Elias MG, Mehanna S, Elias E, Khnayzer RS, Daher CF. A photoactivatable chemotherapeutic Ru(II) complex bearing bathocuproine ligand efficiently induces cell death in human malignant melanoma cells through a multi-mechanistic pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109644. [PMID: 34508709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) is an emerging strategy for targeted cancer therapy. Strained Ru complexes with pseudo-octahedral geometry may undergo photo-induced ligand dissociation, forming aquated photoproducts that are significantly more cytotoxic compared to the precursor complex. The complexes investigated were the strained complex [Ru(bpy)2BC]Cl2 (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and BC = bathocuproine) and its unstrained control [Ru(bpy)2phen]Cl2 (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The uptake of [Ru(bpy)2BC]Cl2, assessed by ICP/MS, started immediately post-incubation and plateaued after 24 h. Active transport was found as the main mode of intracellular transport. Cell viability assays on A375 cells indicated a mean phototoxicity index of 340-fold, and the effect was shown to be primarily mediated by the aquated photoproducts rather than the dissociating ligands. A significant increase in ROS production and DNA damage was also observed. Flow cytometry confirmed the induction of early apoptosis at 48 h that proceeds to late apoptosis/necrosis by 72 h post-treatment. Western blot analysis of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins revealed that apoptosis was mediated through an interplay between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, as well as autophagy and via inhibition of the MAPK and PI3K pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that [Ru(bpy)2BC]Cl2 is a multi-mechanistic PACT drug which exhibits promising anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria George Elias
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elias Elias
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Costantine F Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
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12
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Chen M, Wu W, Liu D, Lv Y, Deng H, Gao S, Gu Y, Huang M, Guo X, Liu B, Zhao B, Pang Q. Evolution and Structure of API5 and Its Roles in Anti-Apoptosis. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:612-622. [PMID: 33319655 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201211195551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, also named programmed cell death, is a highly conserved physiological mechanism. Apoptosis plays crucial roles in many life processes, such as tissue development, organ formation, homeostasis maintenance, resistance against external aggression, and immune responses. Apoptosis is regulated by many genes, among which Apoptosis Inhibitor-5 (API5) is an effective inhibitor, though the structure of API5 is completely different from the other known Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs). Due to its high expression in many types of tumors, API5 has received extensive attention, and may be an effective target for cancer treatment. In order to comprehensively and systematically understand the biological roles of API5, we summarized the evolution and structure of API5 and its roles in anti-apoptosis in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishan Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Yanhua Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Yaqi Gu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Mujie Huang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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Crosstalk of the Caspase Family and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020817. [PMID: 33467535 PMCID: PMC7830632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell can integrate the caspase family and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in response to cellular stress triggered by environment. It is necessary here to elucidate the direct response and interaction mechanism between the two signaling pathways in regulating cell survival and determining cell fate under cellular stress. Members of the caspase family are crucial regulators of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress response and apoptosis. mTOR signaling is known to mediate cell growth, nutrition and metabolism. For instance, over-nutrition can cause the hyperactivation of mTOR signaling, which is associated with diabetes. Nutrition deprivation can inhibit mTOR signaling via SH3 domain-binding protein 4. It is striking that Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 is found to mediate cell survival in a caspase-dependent manner against increasing cellular stress, which describes a new model of apoptosis. The components of mTOR signaling-raptor can be cleaved by caspases to control cell growth. In addition, mTOR is identified to coordinate the defense process of the immune system by suppressing the vitality of caspase-1 or regulating other interferon regulatory factors. The present review discusses the roles of the caspase family or mTOR pathway against cellular stress and generalizes their interplay mechanism in cell fate determination.
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Shrestha S, Tung J, Grinshpon RD, Swartz P, Hamilton PT, Dimos B, Mydlarz L, Clark AC. Caspases from scleractinian coral show unique regulatory features. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14578-14591. [PMID: 32788218 PMCID: PMC7586219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are experiencing precipitous declines around the globe with coral diseases and temperature-induced bleaching being primary drivers of these declines. Regulation of apoptotic cell death is an important component in the coral stress response. Although cnidaria are known to contain complex apoptotic signaling pathways, similar to those in vertebrates, the mechanisms leading to cell death are largely unexplored. We identified and characterized two caspases each from Orbicella faveolata, a disease-sensitive reef-building coral, and Porites astreoides, a disease-resistant reef-building coral. The caspases are predicted homologs of the human executioner caspases-3 and -7, but OfCasp3a (Orbicella faveolata caspase-3a) and PaCasp7a (Porites astreoides caspase-7a), which we show to be DXXDases, contain an N-terminal caspase activation/recruitment domain (CARD) similar to human initiator/inflammatory caspases. OfCasp3b (Orbicella faveolata caspase-3b) and PaCasp3 (Porites astreoides caspase-3), which we show to be VXXDases, have short pro-domains, like human executioner caspases. Our biochemical analyses suggest a mechanism in coral which differs from that of humans, where the CARD-containing DXXDase is activated on death platforms but the protease does not directly activate the VXXDase. The first X-ray crystal structure of a coral caspase, of PaCasp7a determined at 1.57 Å resolution, reveals a conserved fold and an N-terminal peptide bound near the active site that may serve as a regulatory exosite. The binding pocket has been observed in initiator caspases of other species. These results suggest mechanisms for the evolution of substrate selection while maintaining common activation mechanisms of CARD-mediated dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica Tung
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Robert D Grinshpon
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Swartz
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul T Hamilton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bradford Dimos
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Mydlarz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - A Clay Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.
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Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. The Role of Caspase-2 in Regulating Cell Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051259. [PMID: 32438737 PMCID: PMC7290664 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the mammalian caspase family and has been implicated in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. A myriad of signaling molecules is associated with the tight regulation of caspase-2 to mediate multiple cellular processes far beyond apoptotic cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature pertaining to possible sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted process of caspase-2 activation and to highlight its interplay between factors that promote or suppress apoptosis in a complicated regulatory network that determines the fate of a cell from its birth and throughout its life.
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Yan L, Liang J, Zhou Y, Huang J, Zhang T, Wang X, Yin H. Switch Off "Parallel Circuit": Insight of New Strategy of Simultaneously Suppressing Canonical and Noncanonical Inflammation Activation in Endotoxemic Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000037. [PMID: 32419296 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate and huge implicative costs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and may trigger septic shock. However, potent TLR4 inhibitors TAK-242 and Eritoran have been terminated in phase III clinical trials because of inadequate efficacy. Inspired by the recently discovered intracellular, noncanonical LPS receptors, it is considered that TLR4-mediated canonical and caspase-mediated noncanonical inflammation can be seen as a "parallel circuit" to induce sepsis and endotoxemia. Logically, it is proposed that the dual inhibition of caspase-4/5/11 and TLR4 can be a potential novel strategy to develop new therapeutics for sepsis. To verify the strategy, two potential compounds are found: Luteolin and Diacerein with substantial antiinflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. The results show that the survival rate of endotoxemic mice treated by these compounds is increased remarkably. LPS-induced organ damage is also prevented. Moreover, these compounds result in physical and mental recovery for endotoxemic mice. Notably, Luteolin exhibits better antiinflammatory activity than TAK-242 at comparable TLR4-inhibitory levels. These findings indicate that simultaneous inhibition of TLR4 and caspase-4/5/11 can be an anticipative strategy defeating sepsis and endotoxemia, which can be translated into significant medical and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100082, China
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Cardile V, Avola R, Graziano ACE, Russo A. Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the orchid Dendrobium loddigesii, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109075. [PMID: 32229109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of orchids in herbal medicine has a very long history. Dendrobium species are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenanthrens, bibenzyls, fluorenones and sesquiterpenes, and alkaloids and are responsible for their wide variety of medicinal properties. For decades, bibenzyls, which are the main bioactive components derived from Dendrobium species, have been subjected to extensive investigation as likely candidates for cancer treatment. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the orchid Dendrobium loddigesii on human melanoma cells. In A375 cells compound moscatilin showed a clear dose-response relationship in the range of 6.25-50 μM concentrations. In addition, we demonstrated an apoptotic response after treatment of cancer cells with this bibenzyl compound at 6.25 and 12.5 μM concentrations that probably involves PTEN activity, inhibition of Hsp70 expression and reactive oxygen species production. Alternatively, the inhibition of the caspase cascade at higher concentrations, 25 and 50 μM, correlated with additional reactive oxygen species increase, probably switched the mode of moscatilin-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana C E Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Q, Wang T, Zhu J, Liu B. Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenes from Sonchus oleraceus. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:709-714. [PMID: 31894000 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200101152934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonchus oleraceus is a large and widespread plant in the world. It is edible to humans as a leaf vegetable and is also used as a folklore medicinal herb in the treatment of infections and inflammatory disease, but limited research on its chemical constituents has been done. OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify the bioactive ingredients from S. oleraceus. METHODS 20kg of S. oleraceus was extracted twice with 75% alcohol. The concentrated extract was suspended in H2O and partitioned with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, respectively. The ethyl acetate phase was subjected to repeated normal chromatography on a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with a gradient of CH2Cl2-MeOH to give 12 crude fractions. Fraction 6 was subjected to ODS silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC to yield 1 and 2. Cell viability of 1 and 2 on A549, H292 and Caco2 cell lines were assayed by MTT method. Apoptosis analysis and apoptosis related proteins were detected subsequently. RESULTS Two new sesquiterpenes were isolated from S. oleraceus and identified by NMR spectra and HR-ESIMS. 1 selectively suppressed the viability of A549 and H292 cells with IC50 values of 14.2, and 19.5μM respectively, while possessing no cytotoxicity against Caco2 cells (IC50 > 100μM). 2 did not exhibit cytotoxicity against A549, H292 and Caco2 cells (IC50 > 100μM). 1 significantly decreased the density of live cells and could cause cell apoptosis at 10 and 20μM in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment of 1 for 24h, the level of cleaved caspase-3 was increased accompanied by the reduction in procaspase-3 expression, and the downregulation of Bcl-2 was associated with the enhancement of Bax expression. 1 could lead to the up-regulation of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-9. CONCLUSION 1 and 2 are new sesquiterpenes from S. oleraceus. 1 could induce apoptosis in A549 and H292 cells through Bax/caspase-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Department of Urology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaojiu Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianjing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Styrylcoumarin 7-SC2 induces apoptosis in SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci formation in BALB/c mice. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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L-Cystathionine Protects against Homocysteine-Induced Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1253289. [PMID: 31885769 PMCID: PMC6899331 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1253289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the effects of L-cystathionine on vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and its mechanisms. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the study. Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was induced by homocysteine. Apoptosis, mitochondrial superoxide anion, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities were examined. Expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 was tested and BTSA1, a Bax agonist, and HUVEC Bax overexpression was used in the study. Results showed that homocysteine obviously induced the apoptosis of HUVECs, and this effect was significantly attenuated by the pretreatment with L-cystathionine. Furthermore, L-cystathionine decreased the production of mitochondrial superoxide anion and the expression of Bax and restrained its translocation to mitochondria, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, suppressed the leakage of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and downregulated activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3. However, BTSA1, a Bax agonist, or Bax overexpression successfully abolished the inhibitory effect of L-cystathionine on Hcy-induced MPTP opening, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, and HUVEC apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicated that L-cystathionine could protect against homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of HUVECs.
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Russo A, Cardile V, Avola R, Graziano A, Montenegro I, Said B, Madrid A. Isocordoin analogues promote apoptosis in human melanoma cells via Hsp70. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3242-3250. [PMID: 31489735 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isocordin 1 and a series of 4-oxyalkyl-isocordoin analogues 2-8 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity effect against human melanoma cells (A2058). Analogues 4, 5, and 6 showed a higher inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 12.91 ± 0.031, 24.88 ± 0.013, and 11.62 ± 0.017, respectively. These analogues, 4, 5, and 6, also induced an apoptotic response at 12.5- and 25-μM concentrations. They inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Hsp70, a critical factor that promotes tumour cell survival. In contrast, Bax and caspase-9 expression, and caspase-3 enzyme resulted activated. These results were correlated to a DNA fragmentation typical of apoptosis and an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Alternatively, at higher concentration (50 μM), when the capacity of the cells to sustain Hsp70 synthesis is reduced, our results seem to indicate that necrosis was induced by a further increase in ROS production. Therefore, the central finding in the present study is that these molecules downregulates Hsp70 expression. Altogether, these results suggest that 4-oxyalkyl-isocordoin analogues 4, 5, and 6 deserve to be deeply investigated for a possible application as Hsp70 inhibitor in the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Iván Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Bastian Said
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
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Antigrowth activity and induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cells by Drymis winteri forst extract and its active components. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang X, Feng Y, Xiong G, Whyte S, Duan J, Yang Y, Wang K, Yang S, Geng Y, Ou Y, Chen D. Caspase-11, a specific sensor for intracellular lipopolysaccharide recognition, mediates the non-canonical inflammatory pathway of pyroptosis. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:31. [PMID: 30962873 PMCID: PMC6438033 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death that along with inflammation, is mainly regulated by two main pathways, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-1-induced canonical inflammatory pathway and caspase-11-induced non-canonical inflammatory pathway. The non-canonical inflammatory pathway-induced pyroptosis is a unique immune response in response to gram-negative (G−) bacteria. It is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the surface of G− bacteria. This activates caspase-11 which, in turn, activates a series of downstream proteins eventually forming protein pores on the cell membrane and inducing cell sacrificial processes. Caspase-11 belongs to the caspase family and is an homologous protein of caspase-1. It has the ability to specifically hydrolyze proteins, but it is still unclear how it regulates cell death caused by non-canonical inflammatory pathways. The present study describes a pathway that enables LPS to directly enter the cell and activate caspase-11, and the key role caspase-11 plays in the activation of pyroptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Huang
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yang Feng
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guanqing Xiong
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shona Whyte
- 2Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 8Z2 PEI Canada
| | - Jing Duan
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yucen Yang
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yi Geng
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yangping Ou
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Defang Chen
- 1College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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Park HH. Caspase recruitment domains for protein interactions in cellular signaling (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1119-1127. [PMID: 30664151 PMCID: PMC6365033 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain (CARD), a well-known protein interaction module, belongs to the death domain (DD) superfamily, which includes DDs, death effector domains, and pyrin domains. The DD superfamily mediates the protein interactions necessary for apoptosis and immune cell signaling pathways. Among these domains, the CARD has been studied extensively as it mediates important cellular signaling events that are associated with various human diseases including cancer, neuro-degenerative diseases and immune disorders. Homo-type and hetero-type CARD-CARD interactions mediate the formation of large signaling complexes, including caspase-activating complexes and downstream signaling complexes. The present review summarizes and discusses the results of structural studies of various CARDs and their complexes. These studies shed light on the mechanisms that control the assembly and disassembly of signaling complexes and provide an improved understanding of cellular signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung‑Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Zhou ZF, Sun TW, Qin YH, Zhu YJ, Jiang YY, Zhang Y, Liu JJ, Wu J, He SS, Chen F. Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite biopapers with an anti-bone tumor effect by inducing apoptosis. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5044-5053. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional Se-HA/chitosan biopapers constructed with self-assembled Se-doped HA nanowires and chitosan have been reported and display high performances in in vitro/vivo anti-tumor studies.
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Caspases orchestrate microglia instrumental functions. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:50-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cardile V, Avola R, Graziano A, Piovano M, Russo A. Cytotoxicity of demalonyl thyrsiflorin A, a semisynthetic labdane-derived diterpenoid, to melanoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 47:274-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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He Y, Jing Y, Wei F, Tang Y, Yang L, Luo J, Yang P, Ni Q, Pang J, Liao Q, Xiong F, Guo C, Xiang B, Li X, Zhou M, Li Y, Xiong W, Zeng Z, Li G. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 predicts poor prognosis and induces radioresistance by regulating DNA repair and cell apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:235. [PMID: 29445147 PMCID: PMC5833381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, and is believed to be a potential oncogene. However, the role and mechanism of action of PVT1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) remains unclear. In this study, for the first time, we have discovered that PVT1 shows higher expression in NPCs than in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue, and patients with NPCs who show higher expression of PVT1 have worse progression-free and overall survivals. Additionally, we observed that the proliferation of NPC cells decreased, and their rate of apoptosis increased; these results indicated that the knockdown of PVT1 expression in the NPC cells induced radiosensitivity. Further, we have shown that the knockdown of PVT1 expression can induce apoptosis in the NPC cells by influencing the DNA damage repair pathway after radiotherapy. In general, our study shows that PVT1 may be a novel biomarker for prognosis and a new target for the treatment of NPCs. Additionally, targeting PVT1 may be a potential strategy for the clinical management of NPC and for the improvement of the curative effect of radiation in NPCs.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Caspases/genetics
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Repair
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gamma Rays/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/diagnosis
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/mortality
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/therapy
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Radiation Tolerance/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yizhou Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianxi Ni
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinmeng Pang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Lu Z, Xu H, Yu X, Wang Y, Huang L, Jin X, Sui D. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells by downregulating the protein kinase B signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1277-1284. [PMID: 29434714 PMCID: PMC5776618 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor for children aged <5 years old. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a ginsenoside extracted from Pananx quinquefolium L., which inhibits tumor growth in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anticancer activities of 20(S)-PPD in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity of 20(S)-PPD on HepG2 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was identified by western blotting. The results demonstrated that 20(S)-PPD inhibited the viability of HepG2 cell in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 81.35, 73.5, 48.79 µM at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation following 20(S)-PPD treatment were detected by DAPI staining. The percentage of Annexin V-fluoroscein isothyiocyanate positive cells were 3.73, 17.61, 23.44 and 65.43% in HepG2 cells treated with 0, 40, 50 and 60 µM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively. Furthermore, 20(S)-PPD upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and also activated caspases-3 and −9, and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase cleavage. In addition, 20(S)-PPD inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt; Ser473). The results indicate that 20(S)-PPD inhibits the viability of HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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30
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Involvement of Bax and Bcl-2 in Induction of Apoptosis by Essential Oils of Three Lebanese Salvia Species in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010292. [PMID: 29351194 PMCID: PMC5796237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men, and research to find more effective and less toxic drugs has become necessary. In the frame of our ongoing program on traditionally used Salvia species from the Mediterranean Area, here we report the biological activities of Salvia aurea, S. judaica and S. viscosa essential oils against human prostate cancer cells (DU-145). The cell viability was measured by 3(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used to quantify necrosis cell death. Genomic DNA, caspase-3 activity, expression of cleaved caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) proteins were analyzed in order to study the apoptotic process. The role of reactive oxygen species in cell death was also investigated. We found that the three essential oils, containing caryophyllene oxide as a main constituent, are capable of reducing the growth of human prostate cancer cells, activating an apoptotic process and increasing reactive oxygen species generation. These results suggest it could be profitable to further investigate the effects of these essential oils for their possible use as anticancer agents in prostate cancer, alone or in combination with chemotherapy agents.
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31
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Cai J, Zheng Q, Huang H, Li B. 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits survival activity and promotes apoptosis of A375 and A431 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:257-262. [PMID: 29309850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-aminolaevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the survival activity and apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375 and non-melanoma skin carcinoma cell line A431 cells. The mechanism for cellular apoptosis was explored. METHODS The cell survival activity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the proportion of apoptotic cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 protein were assessed by western blot. The subcellular localization of cytochrome c was comparatively investigated by immunohistochemistry between pre-ALA-PDT and post- ALA-PDT. RESULTS ALA-PDT significantly inhibited the survival activity of A375 cells and A431 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The optimum inhibition efficiencies for A375 cells and A431 cells were obtained at 0.6 mM ALA at 4 h and 8 h after ALA-PDT, respectively. The phenomena of apoptosis were observed in ALA-PDT treated cells by TUNEL assay. The apoptotic rates of A375 cells and A431 cells were 90.0% and 61.5% at 6 h after ALA-PDT, respectively. Apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT involved in down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, up-regulation of Bax protein and cleaved-PARP protein. It was observed that the expression of cleaved- caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 proteins in A375 cells and A431 cells gradually increased in 2 h and 4 h but decreased at 4-6 h and 6-8 h after ALA-PDT, respectively. In apoptosis cells immunohistochemical localization show that cytochrome C diffused from the mitochondria into the cytosol. CONCLUSION ALA-PDT could significantly inhibit the survival activity of A375 and A431 cells. The apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT in A375 and A431 cells was related to the caspase-dependent death-receptor pathway and Cytochrome c-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Central Laboratory, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362001, China
| | - Qiuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, The Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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32
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Wang YL, Qi YN, Wang W, Dong CK, Yi P, Yang F, Tang XS, Tan MS. Effects of decompression joint Governor Vessel electro-acupuncture on rats with acute upper cervical spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1241-1246. [PMID: 30028333 PMCID: PMC6065222 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decompression is the major therapeutic strategy for acute spinal cord injury, but there is some debate about the time window for decompression following spinal cord injury. An important goal and challenge in the treatment of spinal cord injury is inhibiting or reversing secondary injury. Governor Vessel electroacupuncture can improve symptoms of spinal cord injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and improving the microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. In this study, Governor Vessel electroacupuncture combined with decompression at different time points was used to treat acute spinal cord injury. The rat models were established by inserting a balloon catheter into the atlanto-occipital space. The upper cervical spinal cord was compressed for 12 or 48 hours prior to decompression. Electroacupuncture was conducted at the acupoints Dazhui (GV14) and Baihui (GV 20) (2 Hz, 15 minutes) once a day for 14 consecutive days. Compared with decompression alone, hind limb motor function recovery was superior after decompression for 12 and 48 hours combined with electroacupuncture. However, the recovery of motor function was not significantly different at 14 days after treatment in rats receiving decompression for 12 hours. Platelet-activating factor levels and caspase-9 protein expression were significantly reduced in rats receiving electroacupuncture compared with decompression alone. These findings indicate that compared with decompression alone, Governor Vessel electroacupuncture combined with delayed decompression (48 hours) is more effective in the treatment of upper cervical spinal cord injury. Governor Vessel electroacupuncture combined with early decompression (12 hours) can accelerate the recovery of nerve movement in rats with upper cervical spinal cord injury. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to confirm whether it is possible to obtain additional benefit compared with early decompression alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Na Qi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ke Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Park JH, Choi JY, Mustafa MF, Park HH. In vitro reconstitution of interactions in the CARD9 signalosome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3910-3916. [PMID: 28765954 PMCID: PMC5646969 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein 9 (CARD9) signalosome is composed of CARD9, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1). The CARD9 signalosome has been reported to exert critical functions in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-coupled receptor-mediated activation of myeloid cells, through nuclear factor-κB pathways during innate immunity processes. During CARD9 signalosome assembly, BCL10 has been revealed to function as an adaptor protein and to interact with CARD9 via CARD-CARD interactions; BCL10 also interacts with MALT1 via its C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich region and the first immunoglobulin domain of MALT1. The CARD9 signalosome is implicated in critical biological processes; however, its structural and biochemical characteristics have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, CARD9 and BCL10 CARDs were successfully purified and characterized, and their biochemical properties were investigated. In addition, CARD9-BCL10 complexes were reconstituted in vitro under low salt and pH conditions. Furthermore, based on structural modeling data, a scheme was proposed to describe the interactions between CARD9 and BCL10. This provides a further understanding of the mechanism of how the CARD9 signalosome may be assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mir Faisal Mustafa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangnam 38541, Republic of Korea
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Dolci GS, Grando TH, Sagrillo MR, Vaucher RA, da Luz SC, Silveira SO, Duarte MM, Duarte T, da Silva AS, Monteiro SG. Monoterpene alpha-terpinene induced hepatic oxidative, cytotoxic and genotoxic damage is associated to caspase activation in rats. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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35
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Han X, Han Y, Zheng Y, Sun Q, Ma T, Zhang J, Xu L. Chaetocin induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, and exerts its anti-tumor activity in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175950. [PMID: 28419143 PMCID: PMC5395229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaetocin is a small-molecule natural product produced by Chaetomium species fungi, and it has a potent anti-proliferative pharmacological activity on various cancer cells. However, the effect of chaetocin on anti-melanoma pharmacological role has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we explored the effect of chaetocin on cell proliferation in the human melanoma Sk-Mel-28 and A375 cells and the growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. The results indicated that chaetocin treatment significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the Sk-Mel-28 and A375 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, chaetocin treatment resulted in an increased level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pre-incubation of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly abrogated chaetocin-induced apoptosis in the melanoma cells. A significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c were observed after chaetocin treatment. Additionally, chaetocin treatment significantly up-regulated the protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-9/-3, simultaneously down-regulated the protein levels of Bcl-2, procaspase-9/-3, and activated caspase-9/-3 activity in the melanoma cells. The in vivo data demonstrated that chaetocin treatment significantly inhibited the growth of melanoma tumor xenografts in nude mice, which was closely associated with apoptosis induction, a reduced level of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression, and activation of capase-9/-3 in tumor xenografts. These are the first data to demonstrate that chaetocin exerts a proapoptotic activity on human melanoma cells through ROS generation and the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, chaetocin might represent an effective candidate for melanoma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongsheng Zheng
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianji Xu
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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36
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Lee JC, Shin EA, Kim B, Kim BI, Chitsazian-Yazdi M, Iranshahi M, Kim SH. Auraptene Induces Apoptosis via Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1-Mediated Activation of Caspases in PC3 and DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2017; 31:891-898. [PMID: 28383142 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although auraptene, a prenyloxy coumarin from Citrus species, was known to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory, and anti-tumor activities, the underlying anti-tumor mechanism of auraptene in prostate cancers is not fully understood to date. Thus, in the present study, we have investigated the anti-tumor mechanism of auraptene mainly in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, because auraptene suppressed the viability of androgen-independent PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells better than androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Also, auraptene notably increased sub-G1 cell population and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells as features of apoptosis in two prostate cancer cells compared with untreated control. Consistently, auraptene cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, suppressed the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2 and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), and also activated pro-apoptotic protein Bax in both prostate cancer cells. However, Mcl-1 overexpression reversed the apoptotic effect of auraptene to increase sub-G1 population and induce caspase-9/3 in both prostate cancer cells. Taken together, the results support scientific evidences that auraptene induces apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells via Mcl-1-mediated activation of caspases as a potent chemopreventive agent for prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Lee
- Department of East West Medical Science Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Bo-Im Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Mahsa Chitsazian-Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
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37
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Elias ST, Macedo CCS, Simeoni LA, Silveira D, Magalhães PO, Lofrano-Porto A, Coletta RD, Neves FAR, Guerra ENS. Cytotoxic effect of Erythroxylum daphnites extract is associated with G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:948-56. [PMID: 26918580 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1151583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived molecules showing antineoplastic effects have recently gained increased attention as potential adjuvants to traditional therapies for various cancers. Cerrado biome in Brazil contains high floral biodiversity, but knowledge about the potential therapeutic effects of compounds derived from that flora is still limited. The present study investigated the antineoplastic activity of Erythroxylum daphnites Mart., a Brazilian native plant from Cerrado biome, in the SCC-9 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Cells were treated with various concentrations of hexane extract of Erythroxylum daphnites leaves (EDH) and assessed for cytotoxicity, proliferation, and apoptosis. Thin layer chromatography was conducted to characterize the substances present in EDH. Our results showed that EDH exerted anti-proliferative effects in SCC-9 cells by stabilizing the cell cycle at G1 phase in association with reduced intracellular levels of cyclins D and E and increased level of p21. EDH also demonstrated pro-apoptotic properties, as shown by an increased expression of caspase-3. Triterpenes were the major constituents of EDH. Our findings demonstrated a cytotoxic effect of EDH against SCC-9 cells in vitro mediated by the restraint of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these findings support EDH constituents as potential therapeutic adjuvants for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T Elias
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Carolina C S Macedo
- b Faculty of Dentistry, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luiz A Simeoni
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Pérola O Magalhães
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo D Coletta
- b Faculty of Dentistry, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Eliete N S Guerra
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
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Wang J, Aung LHH, Prabhakar BS, Li P. The mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase plays an anti-apoptotic role in cardiomyocytes by regulating mitochondrial fission. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2278-2288. [PMID: 27444773 PMCID: PMC5134389 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocytes are enriched with mitochondria and excessive mitochondrial fission can trigger cellular apoptosis. Recently, the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL), localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, was reported to play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism of its action remains uncertain. The present study was aimed at uncovering the role of MITOL in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our results showed that MITOL expression was up-regulated in cardiomyocytes in response to apoptotic stimulation. Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase overexpression blocked dynamin-related protein 1 accumulation in the mitochondria, and attenuated the mitochondrial fission induced by hydrogen peroxide. Conversely, MITOL knockdown sensitized cardiomyocytes to undergo mitochondrial fission, resulting in subsequent apoptosis. These findings suggest that MITOL plays a protective role against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for apoptosis-related cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn H H Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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García de la Cadena S, Massieu L. Caspases and their role in inflammation and ischemic neuronal death. Focus on caspase-12. Apoptosis 2016; 21:763-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The role of caspase proteases in regulated processes such as apoptosis and inflammation has been studied for more than two decades, and the activation cascades are known in detail. Apoptotic caspases also are utilized in critical developmental processes, although it is not known how cells maintain the exquisite control over caspase activity in order to retain subthreshold levels required for a particular adaptive response while preventing entry into apoptosis. In addition to active site-directed inhibitors, caspase activity is modulated by post-translational modifications or metal binding to allosteric sites on the enzyme, which stabilize inactive states in the conformational ensemble. This review provides a comprehensive global view of the complex conformational landscape of caspases and mechanisms used to select states in the ensemble. The caspase structural database provides considerable detail on the active and inactive conformations in the ensemble, which provide the cell multiple opportunities to fine tune caspase activity. In contrast, the current database on caspase modifications is largely incomplete and thus provides only a low-resolution picture of global allosteric communications and their effects on the conformational landscape. In recent years, allosteric control has been utilized in the design of small drug compounds or other allosteric effectors to modulate caspase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clay Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Abstract
The PYRIN domain (PYD) is a protein-protein interaction domain, which belongs to the death domain fold (DDF) superfamily. It is best known for its signaling function in innate immune responses and particularly in the assembly of inflammasomes, which are large protein complexes that allow the induced proximity-mediated activation of caspase-1 and subsequently the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanism of inflammasome assembly was only recently elucidated and specifically requires PYD oligomerization. Here we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of PYD signaling and its regulation by PYD-only proteins.
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Kao WP, Yang CY, Su TW, Wang YT, Lo YC, Lin SC. The versatile roles of CARDs in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and NF-κB signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:174-95. [PMID: 25420757 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CARD subfamily is the second largest subfamily in the DD superfamily that plays important roles in regulating various signaling pathways, including but not limited to NF-kB activation signaling, apoptosis signaling and inflammatory signaling. The CARD subfamily contains 33 human CARD-containing proteins, regulating the assembly of many signaling complexes, including apoptosome, inflammsome, nodosome, the CBM complex, PIDDosome, the TRAF2 complex, and the MAVS signalosome, by homotypic CARD-CARD interactions. The mechanism of how CARDs find the right binding partner to form a specific complex remains unclear. This review uses different classification schemes to update the classification of CARD-containing proteins. Combining the classification based on domain structures, functions, associated signaling complexes, and roles would help better understand the structural and function diversity of CARD-containing proteins. This review also summarizes recent structural studies on CARDs. Especially, the CARD-containing complexes can be divided into the homodimeric, heterodimeric, oligomeric, filamentous CARD complexes and the CARD-ubiquitin complex. This review will give an overview of the versatile roles of CARDs in regulating signaling transduction, as well as the therapeutic drugs targeting CARD-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Kao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vimalraj S, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in human osteoblastic cells by microRNA-15b. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Crystal structure of caspase recruiting domain (CARD) of apoptosis repressor with CARD (ARC) and its implication in inhibition of apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9847. [PMID: 26038885 PMCID: PMC4453921 DOI: 10.1038/srep09847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruiting domain (ARC) is a multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is unusually over-expressed or activated in various cancers and in the state of the pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, ARC might be an optimal target for therapeutic intervention. Human ARC is composed of two distinct domains, N-terminal caspase recruiting domain (CARD) and C-terminal P/E (proline and glutamic acid) rich domain. ARC inhibits the extrinsic apoptosis pathway by interfering with DISC formation. ARC CARD directly interacts with the death domains (DDs) of Fas and FADD, as well as with the death effector domains (DEDs) of procaspase-8. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the CARD domain of ARC at a resolution of 2.4 Å. Our structure was a dimer with novel homo-dimerization interfaces that might be critical to its inhibitory function. Interestingly, ARC did not exhibit a typical death domain fold. The sixth helix (H6), which was detected at the typical death domain fold, was not detected in the structure of ARC, indicating that H6 may be dispensable for the function of the death domain superfamily.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caspase-9 is the apoptotic initiator protease of the intrinsic or mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which is activated at multi-protein activation platforms. Its activation is believed to involve homo-dimerization of the monomeric zymogens. It binds to the apoptosome to retain substantial catalytic activity. Variety of apoptotic stimuli can regulate caspase-9. However, the mechanism of action of various regulators of caspase-9 has not been summarized and compared yet. In this article, we elucidate the regulators of caspase-9 including microRNAs, natural compounds that are related to caspase-9 and ongoing clinical trials with caspase-9 to better understand the caspase-9 in suppressing cancer. AREAS COVERED In this study, the basic mechanism of apoptosis pathways, regulators of caspase-9 and the development of drugs to regulate caspase-9 are reviewed. Also, ongoing clinical trials for caspase-9 are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Apoptosis has crucial role in cancer, brain disease, aging and heart disease to name a few. Since caspase-9 is an initiator caspase of apoptosis, it is an important therapeutic target of various diseases related to apoptosis. Therefore, a deep understanding on the roles as well as regulators of caspase-9 is required to find more effective ways to conquer apoptosis-related diseases especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonglee Kim
- Kyunghee University, College of Korean Medicine, Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center , 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701 , South Korea
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Lee SM, Park HH. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of Drep2 CIDE domain. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:1414-7. [PMID: 25286952 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14019165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drep2 is a novel nuclease from the fruit fly that might have a similar function in apoptosis to DFF40 and DFF45, which are primary players in apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Drep2 contains a conserved CIDE domain of ∼90 amino-acid residues that is involved in protein-protein interaction. In this study, the Drep2 CIDE domain was purified and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were then collected to a resolution of 2.3 Å. The crystals were found to belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 50.28, b = 88.70, c = 113.37 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Viau CM, Moura DJ, Facundo VA, Saffi J. The natural triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxy-lup-20(29)-ene obtained from the flowers of Combretum leprosum induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:280. [PMID: 25086656 PMCID: PMC4129108 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) is a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from the medicinal plant Combretum leprosum Mart. In folk medicine, this plant is popularly known as mofumbo, cipoaba or mufumbo, and is used to treat several diseases associated with inflammation and pain. Methods We investigated the antitumor efficacy of TTHL isolated from C. leprosum. The TTHL cytotoxic effect was investigated in MRC5, MCF-7, HepG2, T24, HCT116, HT29, and CACO-2 cells after 24, 48, 72 and 120 h of treatment. The mechanisms of cell death and DNA damage induction were investigated by flow cytometry and comet assay, respectively. Results The results indicated that TTHL induced a time- and concentration-dependent growth inhibition in all human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was more pronounced in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with an IC50 of 0.30 μg/mL at 120 h. We therefore evaluated the cell death mechanism induced by TTHL (IC20, IC50, and IC80) in MCF-7 cells at 24 h. We found that the treatment with IC50 and IC80 TTHL for 24 h induced apoptosis in 14% (IC50) and 52% (IC80) of MCF-7 cells. The apoptosis induced by TTHL was accompanied by increased levels of both cleaved caspase-9 and intracellular ROS. In order to further understand the biological mechanism of TTHL-induced cytotoxicity, we have also investigated its effect on different Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains. The mutant strains sod1Δ, sod2Δ, and sod1Δsod2Δ, which are deficient in superoxide dismutase antioxidant defenses, were hypersensitive to TTHL, suggesting that its capacity to disturb cellular redox balance plays a role in drug toxicity. Moreover, TTHL induced mutagenicity in the yeast strain XV185-14c. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that TTHL forms covalent adducts with cellular macromolecules, potentially disrupting cellular function and triggering apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-280) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kobayashi Y, Shiga T, Shibata T, Sako M, Maenaka K, Koshiba T, Mizumura H, Oda T, Kawabata SI. The N-terminal Arg residue is essential for autocatalytic activation of a lipopolysaccharide-responsive protease zymogen. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25987-95. [PMID: 25077965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor C, a serine protease zymogen involved in innate immune responses in horseshoe crabs, is known to be autocatalytically activated on the surface of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, but the molecular mechanism of this activation remains unknown. In this study, we show that wild-type factor C expressed in HEK293S cells exhibits a lipopolysaccharide-induced activity equivalent to that of native factor C. Analysis of the N-terminal addition, deletion, or substitution mutants shows that the N-terminal Arg residue and the distance between the N terminus and the tripartite of lipopolysaccharide-binding site are essential factors for autocatalytic activation, and that the positive charge of the N terminus may interact with an acidic amino acid(s) of the molecule to convert the zymogen into an active form. Chemical cross-linking experiments indicate that the N terminus is required to form a complex of the factor C molecules in a sufficiently close vicinity to be chemically cross-linked on the surface of lipopolysaccharides. We propose a molecular mechanism of the autocatalytic activation of the protease zymogen on lipopolysaccharides functioning as a platform to induce specific protein-protein interaction between the factor C molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshio Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581
| | - Miyuki Sako
- the Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, and
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- the Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, and
| | - Takumi Koshiba
- From the Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and
| | - Hikaru Mizumura
- the LAL Research and Development Group, Seikagaku Corporation, Higashiyamato, Tokyo 207-0021, Japan
| | - Toshio Oda
- the LAL Research and Development Group, Seikagaku Corporation, Higashiyamato, Tokyo 207-0021, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Kawabata
- From the Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and
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Kawamoto Y, Ito H, Ayaki T, Takahashi R. Immunohistochemical localization of apoptosome-related proteins in Lewy bodies in Parkinson׳s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Res 2014; 1571:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fonseca AC, Oliveira CR, Pereira CF, Cardoso SM. Loss of proteostasis induced by amyloid beta peptide in brain endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1150-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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