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Zhang Z, Liang F, Chang J, Shan X, Yin Z, Wang L, Li S. Autophagy in dry AMD: A promising therapeutic strategy for retinal pigment epithelial cell damage. Exp Eye Res 2024; 242:109889. [PMID: 38593971 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent clinical condition that leads to permanent damage to central vision and poses a significant threat to patients' visual health. Although the pathogenesis of dry AMD remains unclear, there is consensus on the role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are major contributors to RPE cell damage, and the NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates the inflammatory response leading to apoptosis in RPE cells. Furthermore, lipofuscin accumulation results in oxidative stress, NLRP3 activation, and the development of vitelliform lesions, a hallmark of dry AMD, all of which may contribute to RPE dysfunction. The process of autophagy, involving the encapsulation, recognition, and transport of accumulated proteins and dead cells to the lysosome for degradation, is recognized as a significant pathway for cellular self-protection and homeostasis maintenance. Recently, RPE cell autophagy has been discovered to be closely linked to the development of macular degeneration, positioning autophagy as a cutting-edge research area in the realm of dry AMD. In this review, we present an overview of how lipofuscin, oxidative stress, and the NLRP3 inflammasome damage the RPE through their respective causal mechanisms. We summarized the connection between autophagy, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that targeting autophagy improves RPE function and sustains visual health, offering new perspectives for understanding the pathogenesis and clinical management of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Fengming Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhixian Yin
- Hebei University of Technology, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Li Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shujiao Li
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
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2
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Latifi-Navid H, Barzegar Behrooz A, Jamehdor S, Davari M, Latifinavid M, Zolfaghari N, Piroozmand S, Taghizadeh S, Bourbour M, Shemshaki G, Latifi-Navid S, Arab SS, Soheili ZS, Ahmadieh H, Sheibani N. Construction of an Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecular Network Using Multi-Layer Network Analysis, a Fuzzy Logic Model, and Deep Learning Techniques: Are Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Disorders Related? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1555. [PMID: 38004422 PMCID: PMC10674956 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. The current management of nAMD is limited and involves regular intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, the effectiveness of these treatments is limited by overlapping and compensatory pathways leading to unresponsiveness to anti-VEGF treatments in a significant portion of nAMD patients. Therefore, a system view of pathways involved in pathophysiology of nAMD will have significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to identify proteins, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), various metabolites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a significant role in the pathogenesis of nAMD. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a multi-layer network analysis, which identified 30 key genes, six miRNAs, and four lncRNAs. We also found three key metabolites that are common with AMD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Moreover, we identified nine key SNPs and their related genes that are common among AMD, AD, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, our findings suggest that there exists a connection between nAMD and the aforementioned neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, our study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence, specifically the LSTM network, a fuzzy logic model, and genetic algorithms, to identify important metabolites in complex metabolic pathways to open new avenues for the design and/or repurposing of drugs for nAMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Saleh Jamehdor
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran;
| | - Maliheh Davari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Masoud Latifinavid
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, 06790 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Narges Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Somayeh Piroozmand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Sepideh Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran;
| | - Golnaz Shemshaki
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570005, India;
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran;
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran;
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666673111, Iran;
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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3
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Guo M, Su F, Chen Y, Su B. Ectopic circSTK39 Expression Ameliorates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Human Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress through the miR-125a-5p/ERCC6 Pathway. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:278-288. [PMID: 36322706 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2143529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More and more studies suggest that circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC). CircSTK39, a circular RNA, has inhibitory effects on cancer progression. However, there is no data regarding the role of circSTK39 in ARC occurrence and the underlying mechanism. METHODS ARC cell model was established by inducing lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). CircSTK39, microRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p), and ERCC excision repair 6, chromatin remodeling factor (ERCC6) expression were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was conducted to assess protein expression. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were investigated by cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Oxidative stress was evaluated using commercial kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull-down assay were used to identify the relationship between miR-125a-5p and circSTK39 or ERCC6. RESULTS CircSTK39 and ERCC6 expression were significantly downregulated, but miR-125a-5p expression was upregulated in the lens tissues of ARC patients and H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. H2O2 treatment led to decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, accompanied by the increases of C-caspase3 and Bax expression and the decrease of Bcl-2 expression; however, these effects were reversed after circSTK39 overexpression. MiR-125a-5p was found to participate in H2O2-triggered cell damage by interacting with circSTK39. Additionally, ERCC6 silencing inhibited circSTK39 overexpression-mediated action. Importantly, circSTK39 regulated ERCC6 expression by interaction with miR-125a-5p in H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. CONCLUSION The increased expression of circSTK39 ameliorated H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell injury through the miR-125a-5p/ERCC6 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University (Jingzhou Central Hospital), Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fanfan Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University (Jingzhou Central Hospital), Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University (Jingzhou Central Hospital), Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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4
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Stradiotto E, Allegrini D, Fossati G, Raimondi R, Sorrentino T, Tripepi D, Barone G, Inforzato A, Romano MR. Genetic Aspects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13280. [PMID: 36362067 PMCID: PMC9653831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, resulting from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The continuous discovery of associations between genetic polymorphisms and AMD gives reason for the pivotal role attributed to the genetic component to its development. In that light, genetic tests and polygenic scores have been created to predict the risk of development and response to therapy. Still, none of them have yet been validated. Furthermore, there is no evidence from a clinical trial that the determination of the individual genetic structure can improve treatment outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the polymorphisms of the main pathogenetic ways involved in AMD development to identify which of them constitutes a potential therapeutic target. As complement overactivation plays a major role, the modulation of targeted complement proteins seems to be a promising therapeutic approach. Herein, we summarize the complement-modulating molecules now undergoing clinical trials, enlightening those in an advanced phase of trial. Gene therapy is a potential innovative one-time treatment, and its relevance is quickly evolving in the field of retinal diseases. We describe the state of the art of gene therapies now undergoing clinical trials both in the field of complement-suppressors and that of anti-VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stradiotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Davide Allegrini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fossati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Raimondi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tania Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripepi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Barone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Mario R. Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Via Mazzini 11, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
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5
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Shughoury A, Sevgi DD, Ciulla TA. Molecular Genetic Mechanisms in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1233. [PMID: 35886016 PMCID: PMC9316037 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is among the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. In addition to environmental risk factors, such as tobacco use and diet, genetic background has long been established as a major risk factor for the development of AMD. However, our ability to predict disease risk and personalize treatment remains limited by our nascent understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenesis. Research into the molecular genetics of AMD over the past two decades has uncovered 52 independent gene variants and 34 independent loci that are implicated in the development of AMD, accounting for over half of the genetic risk. This research has helped delineate at least five major pathways that may be disrupted in the pathogenesis of AMD: the complement system, extracellular matrix remodeling, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress response. This review surveys our current understanding of each of these disease mechanisms, in turn, along with their associated pathogenic gene variants. Continued research into the molecular genetics of AMD holds great promise for the development of precision-targeted, personalized therapies that bring us closer to a cure for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aumer Shughoury
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.S.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Duriye Damla Sevgi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.S.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Thomas A. Ciulla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.S.); (D.D.S.)
- Clearside Biomedical, Inc., Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
- Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46290, USA
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6
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Kalteh S, Saadat M. Lack of association between three common genetic variations of XPC and susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration, a preliminary study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Numerous association studies have indicated that genetic alterations in genes involved in DNA repair processes are associated with the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). There is no published study on the relationship between common xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC, MIM 613208) polymorphisms and susceptibility to ARMD. The aim of this study is to determine whether three common (Ala499Val, Lys939Gln, and PAT) genetic variants of XPC are associated with the risk of developing ARMD. A total of 120 ARMD patients and 118 healthy controls were included in the study. Genotyping analyses were carried out by PCR-based methods.
Results
Our analysis revealed that there was no relationship between the XPC polymorphisms and susceptibility to ARMD. In both case and control groups, strong linkage disequilibrium existed between three common (Ala499Val, Lys939Gln, and PAT) genetic polymorphisms of XPC. Statistical analysis showed no association between the haplotypes and the risk of ARMD.
Conclusions
The present data indicated that the common polymorphisms of XPC are not susceptible genetic variations for ARMD.
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7
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Diéguez HH, González Fleitas MF, Aranda ML, Calanni JS, Keller Sarmiento MI, Chianelli MS, Alaimo A, Sande PH, Romeo HE, Rosenstein RE, Dorfman D. Melatonin protects the retina from experimental nonexudative age-related macular degeneration in mice. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12643. [PMID: 32133696 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (NE-AMD) represents the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Currently, there are no available treatments for NE-AMD. We have developed a NE-AMD model induced by superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) in C57BL/6J mice, which reproduces the disease hallmarks. Several lines of evidence strongly support the involvement of oxidative stress in NE-AMD-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina damage. Melatonin is a proven and safe antioxidant. Our aim was analysing the effect of melatonin in the RPE/outer retina damage within experimental NE-AMD. The treatment with melatonin starting 48 h after SCGx, which had no effect on the ubiquitous choriocapillaris widening, protected visual functions and avoided Bruch´s membrane thickening, RPE melanin content, melanosome number loss, retinoid isomerohydrolase (RPE65)-immunoreactivity decrease, and RPE and hotoreceptor ultrastructural damage induced within experimental NE-AMD exclusively located at the central temporal (but not nasal) region. Melatonin also prevented the increase in outer retina/RPE oxidative stress markers and a decrease in mitochondrial mass at 6 weeks post-SCGx. Moreover, when the treatment with melatonin started at 4 weeks post-SCGx, it restored visual functions and reversed the decrease in RPE melanin content and RPE65-immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that melatonin could become a promising safe therapeutic strategy for NE-AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán H Diéguez
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F González Fleitas
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos L Aranda
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan S Calanni
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I Keller Sarmiento
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica S Chianelli
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Nanotools, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences/IQUIBICEN, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Sande
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio E Romeo
- School of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, BIOMED/UCA/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruth E Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián Dorfman
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Lipecz A, Miller L, Kovacs I, Czakó C, Csipo T, Baffi J, Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S. Microvascular contributions to age-related macular degeneration (AMD): from mechanisms of choriocapillaris aging to novel interventions. GeroScience 2019; 41:813-845. [PMID: 31797238 PMCID: PMC6925092 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the microcirculatory network plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of age-related diseases, from heart failure to Alzheimer's disease. In the eye, changes in the choroid and choroidal microcirculation (choriocapillaris) also occur with age, and these changes can play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In order to develop novel treatments for amelioration of choriocapillaris aging and prevention of AMD, it is essential to understand the cellular and functional changes that occur in the choroid and choriocapillaris during aging. In this review, recent advances in in vivo analysis of choroidal structure and function in AMD patients and patients at risk for AMD are discussed. The pathophysiological roles of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired resistance to molecular stressors in the choriocapillaris are also considered in terms of their contribution to the pathogenesis of AMD. The pathogenic roles of cardiovascular risk factors that exacerbate microvascular aging processes, such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity as they relate to AMD and choroid and choriocapillaris changes in patients with these cardiovascular risk factors, are also discussed. Finally, future directions and opportunities to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay AMD by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Lipecz
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lauren Miller
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cecília Czakó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Baffi
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shannon Conley
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Kaarniranta K, Kajdanek J, Morawiec J, Pawlowska E, Blasiak J. PGC-1α Protects RPE Cells of the Aging Retina against Oxidative Stress-Induced Degeneration through the Regulation of Senescence and Mitochondrial Quality Control. The Significance for AMD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082317. [PMID: 30087287 PMCID: PMC6121367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) is a transcriptional coactivator of many genes involved in energy management and mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α expression is associated with cellular senescence, organismal aging, and many age-related diseases, including AMD (age-related macular degeneration), an important global issue concerning vision loss. We and others have developed a model of AMD pathogenesis, in which stress-induced senescence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells leads to AMD-related pathological changes. PGC-1α can decrease oxidative stress, a key factor of AMD pathogenesis related to senescence, through upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage response. PGC-1α is an important regulator of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which is targeted in the therapy of wet AMD, the most devastating form of AMD. Dysfunction of mitochondria induces cellular senescence associated with AMD pathogenesis. PGC-1α can improve mitochondrial biogenesis and negatively regulate senescence, although this function of PGC-1α in AMD needs further studies. Post-translational modifications of PGC-1α by AMPK (AMP kinase) and SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) are crucial for its activation and important in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jakub Kajdanek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jan Morawiec
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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10
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Wang J, Feng Y, Han P, Wang F, Luo X, Liang J, Sun X, Ye J, Lu Y, Sun X. Photosensitization of A2E triggers telomere dysfunction and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium senescence. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29415988 PMCID: PMC5833825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in elderly people. AMD is classified as early, intermediate, advanced non-neovascular, and advanced neovascular forms depending on the clinical features. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells degeneration is a hallmark of AMD. With aging, lipofuscin accumulates in RPE cells. N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (named A2E), a well-known fluorophore of lipofuscin, may contribute to RPE cells degeneration. In this study, we showed that photosensitization of A2E increased DNA damage, including telomere deprotection and deletion, and triggered cellular senescence. In addition, we found that the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) partially alleviated this DNA damage. Telomerase overexpression rescued A2E-mediated RPE cell senescence, indicating that telomere dysfunction plays an important role in A2E-based senescence. We further showed that the senescence induced by A2E photosensitization may affect the microenvironment of the retina by expressing several factors of the secretory phenotype (SASP) including IL1B, IL13RA2, and CXCR4 through the NF-κB pathway. We propose that expression of these factors create a pro-inflammatory environment that drives retina degeneration. Moreover, our findings suggest that protecting telomeres is a valuable strategy for treating retinal degeneration diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.,International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiji Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peng Han
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- School of Biology and Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ye
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiming Lu
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/INSERM/Nice University, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200025, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 HaiNing Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center For Visual Science And Photomedicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Zhang H, Ge J, Hong H, Bi L, Sun Z. Genetic polymorphisms in ERCC1 and ERCC2 genes are associated with response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients among Chinese population: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:75. [PMID: 28388903 PMCID: PMC5383995 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There existed controversies about the association between the response to chemotherapy for osteosarcoma (OS) patients and the genetic polymorphisms in excision repair cross-complementation group (ERCC1 and ERCC2) genes. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the association. METHOD We searched multiple databases for literature retrieval including the PubMED (1966 ∼ 2017), Embase (1980 ∼ 2017), and the Web of science (1945 ∼ 2017). The overall odds ratios(OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the three polymorphisms under the dominant, recessive, and allelic models. RESULTS From six eligible articles in our study, we found that for ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism, a significant association was detected between the chemotherapy response and the polymorphism under all three models (dominant model: OR = 2.015, P = 0.005; recessive model: OR = 1.791, P = 0.003; allelic model: OR = 1.677, P = 0.003), and OS patients carrying C allele in rs11615 polymorphism were more likely to response to chemotherapy. In terms of ERCC2 rs1799793 polymorphism, this polymorphism was significantly associated with the response to chemotherapy for OS patients under recessive model (OR = 1.337, P = 0.036), and patients with AG + AA genotype in rs1799793 polymorphism were more appropriate to receive chemotherapy. With respect to ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism, this polymorphism was not correlated with the response to chemotherapy for OS patients under all three models. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that among Chinese population, the rs11615 and rs1799793 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the response to chemotherapy for patients with OS, and patients with CC or TC + CC genotypes in ERCC1 rs11615 polymorphism or AG + AA genotype in ERCC2 rs1799793 polymorphism were more suitable for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiguang Zhang
- Yantaishan Hospital, No. 91 Jiefang Road, 264000 Yantai City, Shandong Province China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Yantaishan Hospital, No. 91 Jiefang Road, 264000 Yantai City, Shandong Province China
| | - Huanyu Hong
- Yantaishan Hospital, No. 91 Jiefang Road, 264000 Yantai City, Shandong Province China
| | - Lili Bi
- Yeda Hospital, 264000 Yantai, Shandong Province China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- Yantaishan Hospital, No. 91 Jiefang Road, 264000 Yantai City, Shandong Province China
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12
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Bonyadi M, Mehdizadeh F, Jabbarpoor Bonyadi MH, Soheilian M, Javadzadeh A, Yaseri M. Association of the DNA repair SMUG1 rs3087404 polymorphism and its interaction with high sensitivity C-reactive protein for age-related macular degeneration in Iranian patients. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:422-427. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1251947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Bonyadi
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faride Mehdizadeh
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soheilian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Javadzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Autophagy regulates death of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:113-128. [PMID: 27900566 PMCID: PMC5325845 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease underlined by the degradation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, photoreceptors, and choriocapillares, but the exact mechanism of cell death in AMD is not completely clear. This mechanism is important for prevention of and therapeutic intervention in AMD, which is a hardly curable disease. Present reports suggest that both apoptosis and pyroptosis (cell death dependent on caspase-1) as well as necroptosis (regulated necrosis dependent on the proteins RIPK3 and MLKL, caspase-independent) can be involved in the AMD-related death of RPE cells. Autophagy, a cellular clearing system, plays an important role in AMD pathogenesis, and this role is closely associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a central event for advanced AMD. Autophagy can play a role in apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, but its contribution to AMD-specific cell death is not completely clear. Autophagy can be involved in the regulation of proteins important for cellular antioxidative defense, including Nrf2, which can interact with p62/SQSTM, a protein essential for autophagy. As oxidative stress is implicated in AMD pathogenesis, autophagy can contribute to this disease by deregulation of cellular defense against the stress. However, these and other interactions do not explain the mechanisms of RPE cell death in AMD. In this review, we present basic mechanisms of autophagy and its involvement in AMD pathogenesis and try to show a regulatory role of autophagy in RPE cell death. This can result in considering the genes and proteins of autophagy as molecular targets in AMD prevention and therapy.
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14
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Melatonin in Retinal Physiology and Pathology: The Case of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6819736. [PMID: 27688828 PMCID: PMC5027321 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6819736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine, is synthesized mainly in the pineal gland in a circadian fashion, but it is produced in many other organs, including the retina, which seems to be especially important as the eye is a primary recipient of circadian signals. Melatonin displays strong antioxidative properties, which predispose it to play a protective role in many human pathologies associated with oxidative stress, including premature aging and degenerative disease. Therefore, melatonin may play a role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease affecting photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with an established role of oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Several studies have shown that melatonin could exert the protective effect against damage to RPE cells evoked by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but it has also been reported to increase ROS-induced damage to photoreceptors and RPE. Melatonin behaves like synthetic mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, which concentrate in mitochondria at relatively high levels; thus, melatonin may prevent mitochondrial damage in AMD. The retina contains telomerase, an enzyme implicated in maintaining the length of telomeres, and oxidative stress inhibits telomere synthesis, while melatonin overcomes this effect. These features support considering melatonin as a preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of AMD.
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15
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Lambert NG, ElShelmani H, Singh MK, Mansergh FC, Wride MA, Padilla M, Keegan D, Hogg RE, Ambati BK. Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 54:64-102. [PMID: 27156982 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, much research and effort has been invested in the identification of different biomarkers to predict disease incidence, identify at risk individuals, elucidate causative pathophysiological etiologies, guide screening, monitoring and treatment parameters, and predict disease outcomes. To date, a host of genetic, environmental, proteomic, and cellular targets have been identified as both risk factors and potential biomarkers for AMD. Despite this, their use has been confined to research settings and has not yet crossed into the clinical arena. A greater understanding of these factors and their use as potential biomarkers for AMD can guide future research and clinical practice. This article will discuss known risk factors and novel, potential biomarkers of AMD in addition to their application in both academic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Lambert
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hanan ElShelmani
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Malkit K Singh
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Fiona C Mansergh
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael A Wride
- Ocular Development and Neurobiology Research Group, Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maximilian Padilla
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordia Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Ruth E Hogg
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science Block A, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Co.Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Balamurali K Ambati
- Ambati Lab, John A. Moran Eye Center, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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16
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Czarny P, Kwiatkowski D, Galecki P, Talarowska M, Orzechowska A, Bobinska K, Bielecka-Kowalska A, Szemraj J, Maes M, Su KP, Sliwinski T. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of MUTYH, hOGG1 and NEIL1 genes, and depression. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:90-6. [PMID: 26074017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated levels oxidative modified DNA bases and a decreased efficiency of oxidative DNA damage repair were found in patients with depression disorders, including recurrent type (rDD). The glycosylases are involved in base excision repair (BER), which eliminates oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, we genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding three glycosylases: hOGG1, MUTYH and NEIL1. METHODS We selected three polymorphisms: c.977C > G - hOGG1 (rs1052133), c.972G > C - MUTYH (rs3219489) and c.*589G > C - NEIL1 (rs4462560). A total of 555 DNA samples (257 cases and 298 controls) were genotyped using TaqMan probes. RESULTS The C/C genotype and allele C of the c.*589G > C decreased the risk of rDD occurrence, while the G/G genotype and allele G of the same SNP increased the risk. This polymorphism had a stronger association with early-onset depression (patients with first episode <35 years of age) than with late-onset depression (first episode ≥ 35 years of age). We did not find any significant differences in distribution of alleles and genotypes of other SNPs; however, the G/G genotype of the c.972G > C increased the risk of late-onset rDD. We also found that combined genotype C/C-C/C of c.977C > G and c.*589G > C significantly reduced the risk of rDD. LIMITATIONS Limited sample size and ethnic homogeneity of the studied population. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that SNPs of genes involved in DNA repair, particularly in BER pathway, may modulate the risk of rDD. These results further support the hypothesis on the involvement of DNA repair mechanisms in pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- University of Lodz, Department of Molecular Genetics, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Galecki
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poland
| | | | | | - Kinga Bobinska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Szemraj
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chu XK, Meyerle CB, Liang X, Chew EY, Chan CC, Tuo J. In-depth analyses unveil the association and possible functional involvement of novel RAD51B polymorphisms in age-related macular degeneration. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9627. [PMID: 24526414 PMCID: PMC4082603 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of DNA damage to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been reported. Recently, a genomewide association study detected the association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in RAD51B (rs8017304 A>G) with AMD. RAD51B is involved in recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. We analyzed RAD51B influence on AMD using two cohorts from Caucasian and Han Chinese populations. The Caucasian set replicated the rs8017304 A>G association and revealed two novel AMD-associated SNPs in RAD51B, rs17105278 T>C and rs4902566 C>T. Under the dominant model, these two SNPs exhibit highly significant disease risk. SNP-SNP interaction analysis on rs17105278 T>C and rs4902566 C>T homozygous demonstrated a synergistic effect on AMD risk, reaching an odds ratio multifold higher than well-established AMD susceptibility loci in genes such as CFH, HTRA1, and ARMS2. Functional study revealed lower RAD51B mRNA expression in cultured primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (hfRPE) carrying rs17105278 T>C variants than in hfRPE carrying rs17105278 wild type. We concluded that the risk of developing AMD exhibits dose dependency as well as an epistatic combined effect in rs17105278 T>C and rs4902566 C>T carriers and that the elevated risk for rs17105278 T>C carriers may be due to decreased transcription of RAD51B. This study further confirms the role of DNA damage/DNA repair in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi K. Chu
- />Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10/10N103, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1857 USA
| | - Catherine B. Meyerle
- />Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10/10N103, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- />State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- />Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10/10N103, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- />Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10/10N103, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1857 USA
| | - Jingsheng Tuo
- />Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10/10N103, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1857 USA
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18
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Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis, Genetic Background, and the Role of Nutritional Supplements. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/317536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness worldwide, mainly affecting people over 65 years old. Dry and wet ARDM are the main types of the disease, which seem to have a multifactorial background. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of ARMD pathogenesis and exhibit the role of diet and nutritional supplements in the onset and progression of the disease. Environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol, and, diet appear to interact with mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, contributing to the pathogenesis of ARMD. Inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, induced by the daily exposure of retina to high pressure of oxygen and light radiation, have been also associated with ARMD lesions. Other than medical and surgical therapies, nutritional supplements hold a significant role in the prevention and treatment of ARMD, eliminating the progression of macular degeneration.
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Ardeljan D, Chan CC. Aging is not a disease: distinguishing age-related macular degeneration from aging. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 37:68-89. [PMID: 23933169 PMCID: PMC3830684 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the outer retina, characterized most significantly by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium accompanied with or without choroidal neovascularization. Development of AMD has been recognized as contingent on environmental and genetic risk factors, the strongest being advanced age. In this review, we highlight pathogenic changes that destabilize ocular homeostasis and promote AMD development. With normal aging, photoreceptors are steadily lost, Bruch's membrane thickens, the choroid thins, and hard drusen may form in the periphery. In AMD, many of these changes are exacerbated in addition to the development of disease-specific factors such as soft macular drusen. Para-inflammation, which can be thought of as an intermediate between basal and robust levels of inflammation, develops within the retina in an attempt to maintain ocular homeostasis, reflected by increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 coupled with shifts in macrophage plasticity from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. In AMD, imbalances in the M1 and M2 populations together with activation of retinal microglia are observed and potentially contribute to tissue degeneration. Nonetheless, the retina persists in a state of chronic inflammation and increased expression of certain cytokines and inflammasomes is observed. Since not everyone develops AMD, the vital question to ask is how the body establishes a balance between normal age-related changes and the pathological phenotypes in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ardeljan
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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20
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Xu X, Wang Y, Guo W, Zhou Y, Lv C, Chen X, Liu K. The significance of the alteration of 8-OHdG in serous ovarian carcinoma. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:74. [PMID: 24165045 PMCID: PMC3875897 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative damage and DNA repair dysfunction are associated with carcinogenesis. 8-OHdG is one of the major oxidative DNA adducts. Present work aims to investigate whether the expression of 8-OHdG and its key repair gene hOGG1 play distinctive role in two types of serous ovarian cancer. Materials and methods 8-OHdG level in DNA from tumor and matched tumor-adjacent normal tissue in 48 high-grade papillary serous carcinomas (HG-SOC), 24 low-grade papillary serous carcinomas (LG-SOC), 20 serous cystadenomas, and 16 non-tumor control ovaries was tested. The Cox proportional hazards model and the log-rank test were used to assess the associations between the 8-OHdG level in two types of serous cancer and patients’ survival. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein immunoblot were employed to detect hOGG1 mRNA and protein levels in tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of hOGG1 and p53. Results There was no difference of average 8-OHdG/106dG DNA level either between HG-SOC (27.8 ± 8.9), LG-SOC (25.2 ± 7.4) and benign serous cystadenoma (26.5 ± 7.7, p = 0.35); or between the tumor-adjacent normal tissue of HG-SOC (18.8 ± 5.2), LG-SOC (21.4 ± 6.5), benign serous cystadenoma (20.5 ± 9.1) and non-tumor ovary (21.6 ± 4.9, p = 0.62). The 8-OHdG/106dG level was significantly higher in tumor comparing to that in matched normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma in HG-SOC (1.52 ± 0.52, p = 0.02), but not in LG-SOC or benign serous cystadenoma. Increased level of 8-OHdG in tumor DNA was an independent factor of overall survival in serous ovarian carcinoma upon multivariate analysis (p < 0.01). Increased level of 8-OHdG in tumor DNA indicates poorer overall and progression-free survival durations than counterparts (47.3 vs 105.7 months and 13.5 vs 45.3 months, respectively). Protein levels of hOGG1 were remarkably decreased in HG-SOC (p < 0.01), but not in LG-SOC and serous cystadenoma compared with the tissue adjacent to carcinoma. A positive result on p53 immunostaining was associated with lower hOGG1 expression in HG-SOC (p = 0.04). Conclusion Increased 8-OHdG level and decreased expression of hOGG1 in tumor were found in HG-SOC but not LG-SOC. Increased 8-OHdG level in tumor DNA was significantly associated with poorer overall survival and progression-free survival in serous ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Gynecologic oncology, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
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The influence of XPD, APE1, XRCC1, and NBS1 polymorphic variants on DNA repair in cells exposed to X-rays. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage and repair in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2996-3010. [PMID: 23434654 PMCID: PMC3588027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and oxidative stress seem to be the most important factors in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition affecting many elderly people in the developed world. However, aging is associated with the accumulation of oxidative damage in many biomolecules, including DNA. Furthermore, mitochondria may be especially important in this process because the reactive oxygen species produced in their electron transport chain can damage cellular components. Therefore, the cellular response to DNA damage, expressed mainly through DNA repair, may play an important role in AMD etiology. In several studies the increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and mutations, and the decrease in the efficacy of DNA repair have been correlated with the occurrence and the stage of AMD. It has also been shown that mitochondrial DNA accumulates more DNA lesions than nuclear DNA in AMD. However, the DNA damage response in mitochondria is executed by nucleus-encoded proteins, and thus mutagenesis in nuclear DNA (nDNA) may affect the ability to respond to mutagenesis in its mitochondrial counterpart. We reported that lymphocytes from AMD patients displayed a higher amount of total endogenous basal and oxidative DNA damage, exhibited a higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation, and repaired the lesions induced by these factors less effectively than did cells from control individuals. We postulate that poor efficacy of DNA repair (i.e., is impaired above average for a particular age) when combined with the enhanced sensitivity of retinal pigment epithelium cells to environmental stress factors, contributes to the pathogenesis of AMD. Collectively, these data suggest that the cellular response to both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage may play an important role in AMD pathogenesis.
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