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Riva F, Draghi S, Inglesi A, Filipe J, Cremonesi P, Lavazza A, Cavadini P, Vigo D, Agradi S, Menchetti L, Di Giancamillo A, Aidos L, Modina SC, Fehri NE, Pastorelli G, Serra V, Balzaretti CM, Castrica M, Severgnini M, Brecchia G, Curone G. Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Rabbit Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cytokines, Gut-Vascular Barrier, and Red-Ox-Related Molecules in the Gut Wall. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:800. [PMID: 38473185 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabbits, pivotal in the EU as livestock, pets, and experimental animals, face bacterial infection challenges, prompting a quest for alternatives to curb antibiotic resistance. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in immunoregulatory compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and growth factors, is explored for disease treatment and prevention. This study assesses BC diet supplementation effects on rabbit intestines, examining gene expression. Thirty female New Zealand White rabbits at weaning (35 days) were divided into three experimental groups: control (commercial feed), 2.5% BC, and 5% BC. The diets were administered until slaughtering (81 days). BC-upregulated genes in the jejunum included IL-8, TGF-β, and CTNN-β1 at 5% BC, while PLVAP at 2.5% BC. Antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, GSR) were downregulated in the cecum and colon with 2.5% BC. BC 5% promoted IL-8 in the jejunum, fostering inflammation and immune cell migration. It also induced genes regulating inflammatory responses (TGF-β) and gastrointestinal permeability (CTNN-β1). BC 5% enhanced antioxidant activity in the cecum and colon, but no significant impact on anti-myxo antibody production was observed. These results suggest that BC has significant effects on the rabbit gastrointestinal tract's inflammatory and antioxidant response, but further research is required to fully understand its histological and physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Inglesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cavadini
- Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93-95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Aidos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Nour Elhouda Fehri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Balzaretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Marta Castrica
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione-BCA, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Mohan S, Pourteymoor S, Kesavan C. WNT16 Regulation of the Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype in Mice. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:878. [PMID: 37109407 PMCID: PMC10145094 DOI: 10.3390/life13040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The anabolic effects of WNT16 on osteoblasts are well established, however, little is known regarding the role of WNT16 in chondrocytes. In this study, we evaluated Wnt16 expression and its biological effects on mouse articular chondrocytes (ACs), since these cells are key to the development of osteoarthritis. While ACs derived from the long bone epiphysis of 7-day old C57BL/6J mice express multiple Wnts, Wnt5b and Wnt16 represent the two most highly expressed Wnts (expressed at several-fold higher levels than other Wnts). Treatment of serum-free AC cultures, with 100 ng/mL of recombinant human (rh) WNT16 for 24 h (hrs), increased proliferation (20%, p < 0.05) and expression levels of makers (Sox9 and Col2) of immature chondrocytes at both 24 h and 72 h, while Acan increased at 72 h. Expression of Mmp9, a marker of mature chondrocytes was decreased at 24 h. Additionally, WNT16 treatment regulated expression levels of Wnt ligands in a biphasic manner, inhibiting its expression at 24 h, while stimulating expression at 72 h. To determine whether WNT16 exerted anabolic effects on the AC phenotype, ex vivo cultures of tibial epiphyses were treated with rhWNT16 or vehicle for 9 days, and the articular cartilage phenotype was evaluated by safranin O cartilage staining and expression of articular cartilage marker genes. Both articular cartilage area and expression levels of AC markers were increased after rhWNT16 treatment. Our data suggest that Wnt16 expressed in ACs may play a role in regulating joint cartilage homeostasis via its direct effect, as well as through modulating the expression of other Wnt ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Shelia Pourteymoor
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Kesavan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Ni M, Li Z, Li J, He H, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wang X, Li Z, Li M, Xu H. Selection and validation of reference genes for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR in different muscle tissues of rabbits. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:60. [PMID: 37170359 PMCID: PMC10127086 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In molecular biology studies, the selection of optimal reference genes is of vital importance for accurately quantifying gene expression. The purpose of the present study was to screen the most stable reference genes in different muscle tissues of New Zealand white rabbits and Yufeng yellow rabbits.
Methods and results
Results indicated that the most stable reference genes in the muscle tissues of New Zealand white rabbits were HPRT1, ACTB and PPIC, while HPRT1, PPIC, and RPL13A were the most stable reference genes in muscle tissues of Yufeng yellow rabbits. However, in the longissimus dorsi muscle and the abdominal wall muscle of both varieties, the most stable reference genes were HPRT1, RPL13A, and SDHA. In the quadriceps femoris muscle, the most stable reference genes were ACTB, HPRT1, and SDHA. Furthermore, the relative abundance of MYOG, MYH3 and MSTN was used to confirm the suitability and reliability of the selected most stable reference genes and the most unstable reference gene. Results revealed the same expression patterns of these myogenic genes when normalized according to the most stable genes, while normalization against the unstable reference gene altered the observed expression patterns.
Conclusions
Taken together, our results demonstrated that the most stable reference genes varied among different muscle tissues and different breeds of rabbits. However, HPRT1, PPIC and SDHA presented high stability among all examined reference genes; thus, the combined analysis of HPRT1/ PPIC/ SDHA gene provides the best reference for RT-qPCR in muscle tissues of New Zealand white rabbits and Yufeng yellow rabbits, while HPRT1 is a better choice than other reference genes when using a single reference gene to assess target gene expression. Our results provide basic data for better measuring target gene expression profiles in muscle tissues of rabbits.
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Mlost J, Kędziora M, Starowicz K. Computational Approach Reveals Pronociceptive Potential of Cannabidiol in Osteoarthritis: Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100964. [PMID: 34681188 PMCID: PMC8541018 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems pharmacology employs computational and mathematical methods to study the network of interactions a drug may have within complex biological pathways. These tools are well suited for research on multitarget drugs, such as natural compounds, in diseases with complex etiologies, such as osteoarthritis (OA). The present study focuses on cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, targeting over 60 distinct molecular targets as a potential treatment for OA, a degenerative joint disease leading to chronic pain with a neuropathic component. We successfully identified molecular targets of CBD that were relevant in the context of OA treatment with both beneficial and detrimental effects. Our findings were confirmed by in vivo and molecular studies. A key role of PPARγ in mediating the therapeutic potential of CBD was revealed, whereas upregulation of multiple transient receptor potential channels demasked CBD-induced heat hyperalgesia. Our findings pave the way for novel CBD-based therapy with improved therapeutic potential but also encourage the use of bioinformatic tools to predict the mechanism of action of CBD in different conditions. We have also created an accessible web tool for analogous analysis of CBD pharmacology in the context of any disease of interest and made it publicly available.
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Mlost J, Kostrzewa M, Borczyk M, Bryk M, Chwastek J, Korostyński M, Starowicz K. CB2 agonism controls pain and subchondral bone degeneration induced by mono-iodoacetate: Implications GPCR functional bias and tolerance development. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111283. [PMID: 33482616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The endocannabinoid system became a promising target for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Functional selectivity of cannabinoids may increase their beneficial properties while reducing side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic potential of two functionally biased CB2 agonists in different treatment regimens to propose the best pharmacological approach for OA management. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two functionally selective CB2 agonists were administered i.p. - JWH133 (cAMP biased) and GW833972A (β-arrestin biased), in a chemically induced model of OA in rats. The drugs were tested in acute and chronic treatment regimens. Analgesic effects were assessed by pressure application measurement and kinetic weight bearing. X-ray microtomography was used for the morphometric analysis of the femur's subchondral bone tissue. Underlying biochemical changes were analysed via RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS Dose-response studies established the effective dose for both JWH133 and GW833972A. In chronic treatment paradigms, JWH133 was able to elicit analgesia throughout the course of the experiment, whereas GW833972A lost its efficacy after 2 days of treatment. Later studies revealed improvement in subchondral bone architecture and decrement of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory factors expression following JWH133 chronic treatment. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Data presents analgesic and disease-modifying potential of CB2 agonists in OA treatment. Moreover, the study revealed more pronounced tolerance development for analgesic effects of the β-arrestin biased CB2 agonist GW833972A. These results provide a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the anti-nociceptive potential of CB2 agonists and may improve drug development processes for any cannabinoid-based chronic pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mlost
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Bryk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Chwastek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Cracow, Poland.
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Chen L, Liu G, Li W, Wu X. Synergistic effects of Indian hedgehog and sonic hedgehog on chondrogenesis during cartilage repair. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:407-418. [PMID: 33598817 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) have been shown to control the induction of early cartilaginous differentiation. However, it is unclear whether Ihh and Shh exert synergistic effects on chondrogenesis during articular cartilage repair. Herein, we investigate the effects of chondrogenesis of bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following co-transfection with Shh and Ihh via adenoviral vectors in vitro and in vivo. A rotary cell culture system (RCCS) and Cytodex 3 microcarriers were used to create a stereoscopic dynamic environment for cell culture. In the RCCS environment, BMSCs co-transfected with Ihh and Shh displayed stronger chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis than BMSCs transfected with Ihh or Shh alone, and exhibited higher expression levels of Sox 9, ACAN and collagen II, stronger toluidine blue and collagen II immunohistochemical staining. After transplanted into the osteochondral defect at 8 weeks, Ihh/Shh co-transfected BMSCs showed a significantly better cartilage repair than BMSCs transfected with Ihh or Shh alone. Ihh and Shh have synergistic effects on the induction of chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis under a microgravity environment, and help to repair damaged cartilage and reverse subchondral defects during the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Gejun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Crawford MD, Hellwinkel JE, Aman Z, Akamefula R, Singleton JT, Bahney C, LaPrade RF. Microvascular Anatomy and Intrinsic Gene Expression of Menisci From Young Adults. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:3147-3153. [PMID: 33044839 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520961555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal vascular supply is an important determinant of its healing potential. It has been reported that only the peripheral 30% of the meniscus is vascularized in cadavers aged 53 to 94 years; however, the vascularity in young patients, in whom meniscal repair is more often performed, is unknown. PURPOSE The primary objective was to analyze and measure the microvascular anatomy of the meniscus in adult cadaveric specimens <35 years old. The secondary objective was to assess angiogenic potential by quantifying regional gene expression in a meniscal allograft cohort <45 years old. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS In part 1 of this study, 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (age range, 22-34 years; mean, 28.5 years) underwent popliteal artery India ink injection and tissue clearing using a Spalteholz technique, followed by microvascular vascular measurement. In part 2, mRNA was isolated from 13 meniscal allografts (age range, 17-43 years; mean, 27.2 years), and expression of angiogenic genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (FLT1) was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The maximal depth of vascular penetration into the periphery of the medial and lateral menisci ranged from 0% to 42% and 0% to 48%, respectively. There was variation in the degree of vascular penetration within the medial meniscus, with the posterior horn having a significantly smaller depth of penetration (median, 8.7%) than that of the anterior horn (median, 17.4%; P < .0001) or midbody (median, 17.5%; P = .0003). There were no differences in angiogenesis gene expression (VEGF/FLT1) based on circumferential or radial meniscal locations. CONCLUSION The vascular supply of the medial and lateral menisci in specimens from adults <35 years of age extended farther than what was reported in specimens from older individuals; however, median values remained consistent. Gene expression of the angiogenic marker VEGF was low throughout all regions of uninjured menisci from young adults, which is consistent with reports in older specimens. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Improved understanding of meniscal vascular supply in young adults is critical to informing clinical treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Aman
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - Chelsea Bahney
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chen L, Liu G, Li W, Wu X. Sonic hedgehog promotes chondrogenesis of rabbit bone marrow stem cells in a rotary cell culture system. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:18. [PMID: 31401976 PMCID: PMC6689882 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an important signalling protein involved in the induction of early cartilaginous differentiation. Herein, we demonstrate that Shh markedly induces chondrogenesis of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) under microgravity conditions, and promotes cartilage regeneration. RESULTS In the rotary cell culture system (RCCS), chondrogenic differentiation was revealed by stronger Toluidine Blue and collagen II immunohistochemical staining in the Shh transfection group, and chondroinductive activity of Shh was equivalent to that of TGF-β. Western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis results verified the stronger expression of Sox9, aggrecan (ACAN), and collagen II in rabbit BMSCs treated with Shh or TGF-β in a microgravity environment. Low levels of chondrogenic hypertrophy, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis-related factors were detected in all groups. After transplantation in vivo, histological analysis revealed a significant improvement in cartilage and subchondral repair in the Shh transfection group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that Shh signalling promoted chondrogenesis in rabbit BMSCs under microgravity conditions equivalent to TGF-β, and improved the early stages of the repair of cartilage and subchondral defects. Furthermore, RCCS provided a dynamic culture microenvironment conducive for cell proliferation, aggregation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Gejun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Zhao R, Wang S, Jia L, Li Q, Qiao J, Peng X. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) and miR-140 overexpression via pNNS-conjugated chitosan-mediated gene transfer enhances the repair of full-thickness cartilage defects in a rabbit model. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:165-178. [PMID: 30997042 PMCID: PMC6444021 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.bjr-2018-0222.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previously, we reported the improved transfection efficiency of a plasmid DNA-chitosan (pDNA-CS) complex using a phosphorylatable nuclear localization signal-linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide (pNNS) conjugated to chitosan (pNNS-CS). This study investigated the effects of pNNS-CS-mediated miR-140 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) gene transfection both in rabbit chondrocytes and a cartilage defect model. Methods The pBudCE4.1-miR-140, pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra, and negative control pBudCE4.1 plasmids were constructed and combined with pNNS-CS to form pDNA/pNNS-CS complexes. These complexes were transfected into chondrocytes or injected into the knee joint cavity. Results High IL-1Ra and miR-140 expression levels were detected both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, compared with the pBudCE4.1 group, the transgenic group presented with significantly increased chondrocyte proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, as well as increased collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) levels. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was reduced, as were a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS-5) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 levels. In vivo, the exogenous genes reduced the synovial fluid GAG and NO concentrations and the ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 levels in cartilage. In contrast, COL2A1, ACAN, and TIMP-1 levels were increased, and the cartilage Mankin score was decreased in the transgenic group compared with the pBudCE4.1 group. Double gene combination produced greater efficacies than each single gene, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion This study suggests that pNNS-CS is a good candidate for treating cartilage defects via gene therapy, and that IL-1Ra in combination with miR-140 produces promising biological effects on cartilage defects. Cite this article: R. Zhao, S. Wang, L. Jia, Q. Li, J. Qiao, X. Peng. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) and miR-140 overexpression via pNNS-conjugated chitosan-mediated gene transfer enhances the repair of full-thickness cartilage defects in a rabbit model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:165–178. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.BJR-2018-0222.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhao
- Institute of Nanomedicine Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Weifang Peoples Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - L Jia
- Institute of Nanomedicine Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Q Li
- Institute of Nanomedicine Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - J Qiao
- Institute of Nanomedicine Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - X Peng
- Institute of Nanomedicine Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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pNNS-Conjugated Chitosan Mediated IGF-1 and miR-140 Overexpression in Articular Chondrocytes Improves Cartilage Repair. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2761241. [PMID: 31016187 PMCID: PMC6448336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2761241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phosphorylatable nucleus localization signal linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide (pNNS)-conjugated chitosan (pNNS-CS) mediated miR-140 and IGF-1 in both rabbit chondrocytes and cartilage defects model. pNNS-CS was combined with pBudCE4.1-IGF-1, pBudCE4.1-miR-140, and negative control pBudCE4.1 to form pDNA/pNNS-CS complexes. Then these complexes were transfected into chondrocytes or injected intra-articularly into the knee joints. High levels of IGF-1 and miR-140 expression were detected both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with pBudCE4.1 group, in vitro, the transgenic groups significantly promoted chondrocyte proliferation, increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, and ACAN, COL2A1, and TIMP-1 levels, and reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5. In vivo, the exogenous genes enhanced COL2A1, ACAN, and TIMP-1 expression in cartilage and reduced cartilage Mankin score and the contents of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and GAG contents in synovial fluid of rabbits, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, COL1A2, and COL10A1 levels in cartilage. Double gene combination showed better results than single gene. This study indicate that pNNS-CS is a better gene delivery vehicle in gene therapy for cartilage defects and that miR-140 combination IGF-1 transfection has better biologic effects on cartilage defects.
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Cafiso A, Sassera D, Romeo C, Serra V, Hervet C, Bandi C, Plantard O, Bazzocchi C. Midichloria mitochondrii, endosymbiont of Ixodes ricinus: evidence for the transmission to the vertebrate host during the tick blood meal. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:5-12. [PMID: 30154059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of a variety of pathogens affecting humans and other animals, but they also harbor numerous microorganisms whose role is still limitedly investigated. Ixodes ricinus harbors the endosymbiont Midichloria mitochondrii, which is localized in ovaries and in salivary glands. The bacterium is vertically transmitted and is present in 100% of wild adult females, while prevalence values drop after some generations under laboratory conditions. Molecular and serological evidences showed that M. mitochondrii molecules are transmitted to the vertebrate hosts by I. ricinus during the blood meal. Our work was focused on monitoring M. mitochondrii antigens and DNA in a vertebrate model after infestation with I. ricinus for a time-span of four months. Two groups of rabbits were infested with I. ricinus females, respectively from the wild (naturally infected with the symbiont) and laboratory strain (lab; considered devoid of M. mitochondrii after quantitative PCR investigations) and screened using molecular and serological assays at nine time points. M. mitochondrii presence was detected in rabbits infested with wild I. ricinus ticks, but surprisingly also in those infested with lab ticks, albeit at later time points. This result prompted a more sensitive molecular screening of lab ticks, which were found to harbor very low symbiont loads. Our results indicate that transmission of the bacterium occurs even at low bacterial loads, and that antibody response against M. mitochondrii antigens begins within one week post-infestation with wild I. ricinus. Circulating DNA was detected in the blood of rabbits belonging to both groups up to the end of the experiment, suggesting a replication of the symbiont inside the vertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cafiso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caroline Hervet
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Plantard
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Chiara Bazzocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Coordinated Research Center "EpiSoMI", University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Sopezki MDS, Monserrat JM, Yunes JS, Zanette J. Validation of Housekeeping Genes as Internal Controls for the Study of the Effects of Microcystin-LR in Zebrafish by Real-Time PCR. Zebrafish 2018; 15:454-459. [PMID: 30044200 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a natural toxin produced by cyanobacterial blooms that causes severe liver damage in fish. It is crucial to investigate if housekeeping genes are affected by MC-LR in zebrafish, to permit the adequate evaluation of gene expression by RT-qPCR. We evaluated the gene expression stability (M value) and regulation by chemical treatment (using E-Ct and E-ΔCt) to validate the use of eight housekeeping genes in fish exposed to 0, 0.31, and 6.10 μg L-1 MC-LR for 24 h. We suggest the use of the combination of β-actin1, b2m, and arnt2 in the liver and β-actin1, 18S rRNA, and arnt2 in gills as housekeeping genes. The evaluation of gene regulation following MC-LR exposure denoted a strong repression of 18S rRNA (17- and 10-fold decrease) and tbp (10- and 2-fold decrease) and induction of ef-1α (8- and 14-fold increase) in the liver of zebrafish exposed to 0.31 and 6.10 μg L-1 MC-LR, respectively. This is the first study showing that housekeeping genes commonly used in gene expression could be affected in the liver by environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR. The study validates adequate housekeeping genes that could be used in toxicological studies with MC-LR in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio da Silva Sopezki
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - José Maria Monserrat
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - João Sarkis Yunes
- 2 Laboratório de Cianobactérias e Ficotoxinas, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanette
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande, Brazil
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13
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Genemaras AA, Ennis H, Bradshaw B, Kaplan L, Huang CYC. Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Agents on Expression of Early Responsive Inflammatory and Catabolic Genes in Ex Vivo Porcine Model of Acute Knee Cartilage Injury. Cartilage 2018; 9:293-303. [PMID: 29986604 PMCID: PMC6042029 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516684589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Early intervention therapies targeting inflammation and cell death during the acute phase of cartilage injury have the potential to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of interleukin receptor antagonist protein (IRAP), hyaluronan (HA), dexamethasone (DEX), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment on the expression of established genetic markers for matrix degradation, apoptosis, and inflammation in articular cartilage during the acute phase of injury. Design A custom impact device was used to create replicable injury ex vivo to intact porcine knee joint. One hour after impact, IRAP, HA, DEX, or MSCs was intra-articularly injected. At 8 hours postinjury, cartilage and meniscus samples were harvested for genetic expression analysis. Expression of miR-27b, miR-140, miR-125b, miR-16, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-22, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results At 8 hours postinjury, expression of ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α in cartilage was significantly decreased in IRAP- and DEX-treated joints as compared to nontreated injured joints, whereas only IRAP upregulated expression of miR-140, miR-125b, miR-27b, miR-146a, and miR-22 in cartilage. HA and MSC treatments had no significant effects on catabolic and inflammatory gene expression in cartilage. However, HA treatment significantly upregulated expression of all miRNAs except miR-16. In addition, the treatments tested also exhibited significant influences on meniscus. Conclusions This study provides a valuable starting point for further research into potential targets for and efficacy of various early intervention strategies that may delay or prevent the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after acute cartilage injury.
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MESH Headings
- ADAMTS4 Protein/drug effects
- ADAMTS4 Protein/genetics
- ADAMTS5 Protein/drug effects
- ADAMTS5 Protein/genetics
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/injuries
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression
- Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage
- Hyaluronic Acid/therapeutic use
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Injections, Intra-Articular/methods
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/drug effects
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/genetics
- Meniscus/drug effects
- Meniscus/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Models, Animal
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/prevention & control
- Receptors, Interleukin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin/therapeutic use
- Swine
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaris A. Genemaras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Hayley Ennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Brad Bradshaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of
Sports Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C.-Y. Charles Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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14
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Semevolos SA, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Larson M, Kinsley MA. Expression of pro-apoptotic markers is increased along the osteochondral junction in naturally occurring osteochondrosis. Bone Rep 2018; 9:19-26. [PMID: 29998174 PMCID: PMC6038796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a naturally occurring disease of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage and subchondral bone layers, leading to pain and decreased mobility. The objective of this study was to characterize gene and protein expression of apoptotic markers in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and along the osteochondral junction of osteochondrosis (OC)-affected and normal cartilage, using naturally occurring disease in horses. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (6 OC, 8 normal controls) and cDNA from chondrocytes captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal controls) were obtained from the lateral trochlear ridge of femoropatellar joints in 14 immature horses (1–6 months of age). Equine-specific caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-10, Fas, Bcl-2, BAG-1, TNFα, cytochrome C, thymosin-β10, and 18S mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two-step real-time quantitative PCR. Percentage of cell death was determined using the TUNEL method. Protein expression of caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 was determined following immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or two-sample t-test (p < 0.05). In OC samples, there was significantly increased gene expression of caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 in chondrocytes along the osteochondral junction and increased Fas gene expression in chondrocytes adjacent to cartilage canals, compared to controls. In OC samples, higher matrix Fas and cytochrome C protein expression, lower mitochondrial cytochrome C protein expression, and a trend for higher cytoplasmic caspase-10 protein expression were found. Collectively, these results suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are activated in OC cartilage. Increased apoptosis of osteochondral junction chondrocytes may play a role in OC, based on increased gene expression of several pro-apoptotic markers in this location. Pro-apoptotic marker gene expression increased in osteochondrosis cartilage Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways activated along osteochondral junction Higher caspase-10, Fas, cytochrome C, and thymosin-β10 gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maureen Larson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marc A Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Peng X, Song W, Sun Y, Wang L, Li Q, Zhao R. [Effects of microRNA-140 gene transfection with nucleus localization signal linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide conjugated chitosan on rabbit articular chondrocytes]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2017; 31:1256-1261. [PMID: 29806331 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201705088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of nucleus localization signal linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide (NNS) conjugated chitosan (CS) ( NNSCS) mediated the transfection of microRNA-140 (miR-140) in rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro. Methods Recombinant plasmid GV268-miR-140 and empty plasmid GV268 were combined with NNSCS to form NNSCS/pDNA complexes, respectively. Chondrocytes were isolated and cultured through trypsin and collagenase digestion from articular cartilage of newborn New Zealand white rabbits. The second generation chondrocytes were divided into 3 intervention groups: normal cell control group (group A), NNSCS/GV268 empty plasmid transfection group (group B), and NNSCS/GV268-miR-140 transfection group (group C). NNSCS/GV268 and NNSCS/GV268-miR- 140 complexes were transiently transfected into cells of groups B and C. After transfection, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of exogenous miR-140; Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI double staining and MTT assay were used to detect the effect of exogenous miR-140 on apoptosis and proliferation of transfected chondrocytes; the expressions of Sox9, Aggrecan, and histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) were detected by RT-qPCR. Results RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-140 in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A and B ( P<0.05). Compared with groups A and B, the apoptosis rate in group C was decreased and the proliferation activity was improved, Sox9 and Aggrecan gene expressions were significantly up-regulated, and Hdac4 gene expression was significantly down-regulated ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in above indexes between groups A and B ( P>0.05). Conclusion Exogenous gene can be carried into the chondrocytes by NNSCS and expressed efficiently, the high expression of miR-140 can improve the biological activity of chondrocytes cultured in vitro, which provides important experimental basis for the treatment of cartilage damage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Lujuan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University & Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, WeifangMedical University & Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Shangdong, 261053,
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16
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Guelfi G, Stefanetti V, Zampini D, Oommen OP, Brecchia G, Dall'Aglio C, Arcelli R, Cochetti G, Boni A, Mearini E. Gold nanoparticles approach to detect chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid urothelial coating. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10355. [PMID: 28871206 PMCID: PMC5583281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the location of hyaluronic acid (HA)- and chondroitin sulphate (CS)-coated gold nanoparticles in rabbit bladder and evaluated gene expression of CD44, RHAMM and ICAM-1 receptors involved in HA and CS transport into the cell. Gold nanoparticles were synthesised by reduction of gold salts with HA or CS to form HA-AuNPs and CS-AuNPs. Bladder samples were incubated with CS-AuNPs and HA-AuNPs or without glycosaminoglycans. Transmission electron microscopy, optic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the location of the synthesised AuNPs. Real-time PCR was used to analyse expression of urothelial cell receptors CD44, RHAMM, ICAM-1, after ex vivo administration of CS-AuNPs and HA-AuNPs. We showed that HA-AuNPs and CS-AuNPs were located in the cytoplasm and tight junctions of urothelial umbrella cells; this appearance was absent in untreated bladders. There were no significant differences in gene expression levels for CD44, RHAMM and ICAM-1 receptors in treated versus control bladder tissues. In conclusion, we clearly showed the presence of exogenous GAGs in the bladder surface and the tight junctions between umbrella cells, which is important in the regeneration pathway of the urothelium. The GAGs-AuNPs offer a promising approach to understanding the biophysical properties and imaging of urothelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Guelfi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy.
| | | | - Danilo Zampini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Oommen P Oommen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering & BioMediTech Institute, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Lab, Tampere University of Technology, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Cecilia Dall'Aglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Rolando Arcelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cochetti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Urological, Andrological and Minimally invasive techniques, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Andrea Boni
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Urological, Andrological and Minimally invasive techniques, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Ettore Mearini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Urological, Andrological and Minimally invasive techniques, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, PG, Italy
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17
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Erickson AG, Laughlin TD, Romereim SM, Sargus-Patino CN, Pannier AK, Dudley AT. A Tunable, Three-Dimensional In Vitro Culture Model of Growth Plate Cartilage Using Alginate Hydrogel Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:94-105. [PMID: 28525313 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the final size and geometry of engineered tissues through precise control of the scalar and vector components of tissue growth is a necessary benchmark for regenerative medicine, but it has proved to be a significant challenge for tissue engineers. The growth plate cartilage that promotes elongation of the long bones is a good model system for studying morphogenetic mechanisms because cartilage is composed of a single cell type, the chondrocyte; chondrocytes are readily maintained in culture; and growth trajectory is predominately in a single vector. In this cartilage, growth is generated via a differentiation program that is spatially and temporally regulated by an interconnected network composed of long- and short-range signaling mechanisms that together result in the formation of functionally distinct cellular zones. To facilitate investigation of the mechanisms underlying anisotropic growth, we developed an in vitro model of the growth plate cartilage by using neonatal mouse growth plate chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate hydrogel beads. In bead cultures, encapsulated chondrocytes showed high viability, cartilage matrix deposition, low levels of chondrocyte hypertrophy, and a progressive increase in cell proliferation over 7 days in culture. Exogenous factors were used to test functionality of the parathyroid-related protein-Indian hedgehog (PTHrP-IHH) signaling interaction, which is a crucial feedback loop for regulation of growth. Consistent with in vivo observations, exogenous PTHrP stimulated cell proliferation and inhibited hypertrophy, whereas IHH signaling stimulated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Importantly, the treatment of alginate bead cultures with IHH or thyroxine resulted in formation of a discrete domain of hypertrophic cells that mimics tissue architecture of native growth plate cartilage. Together, these studies are the first demonstration of a tunable in vitro system to model the signaling network interactions that are required to induce zonal architecture in growth plate chondrocytes, which could also potentially be used to grow cartilage cultures of specific geometries to meet personalized patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alek G Erickson
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Taylor D Laughlin
- 2 Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University Nebraska Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Sarah M Romereim
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska.,3 Department of Animal Science, University Nebraska Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
| | | | - Angela K Pannier
- 2 Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University Nebraska Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Andrew T Dudley
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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18
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Orth P, Peifer C, Goebel L, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Comprehensive analysis of translational osteochondral repair: Focus on the histological assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 50:19-36. [PMID: 26515165 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage guarantees for an optimal functioning of diarthrodial joints by providing a gliding surface for smooth articulation, weight distribution, and shock absorbing while the subchondral bone plays a crucial role in its biomechanical and nutritive support. Both tissues together form the osteochondral unit. The structural assessment of the osteochondral unit is now considered the key standard procedure for evaluating articular cartilage repair in translational animal models. The aim of this review is to give a detailed overview of the different methods for a comprehensive evaluation of osteochondral repair. The main focus is on the histological assessment as the gold standard, together with immunohistochemistry, and polarized light microscopy. Additionally, standards of macroscopic, non-destructive imaging such as high resolution MRI and micro-CT, biochemical, and molecular biological evaluations are addressed. Potential pitfalls of analysis are outlined. A second focus is to suggest recommendations for osteochondral evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Orth
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Carolin Peifer
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Lars Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics and Osteoarthritis Research, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Strasse 100, Building 37, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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19
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Duesterdieck-Zellmer K, Semevolos S, Kinsley M, Riddick T. Age-related differential gene and protein expression in postnatal cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 17:1-10. [PMID: 25479004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin, Indian hedgehog (Ihh)/Parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) and retinoid signaling pathways regulate cartilage differentiation, growth, and function during development and play a key role in endochondral ossification. The objective of this study was to elucidate the gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and the osteochondral junction during neonatal and pre-adolescent development. This study revealed cell-specific and age-related differences in gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways. A trend for higher gene expression of PTHrP along the cartilage canals and Ihh along the osteochondral junction suggests the presence of paracrine feedback in articular-epiphyseal cartilage. Differential expression of canonical (β-catenin, Wnt-4, Lrp4, Lrp6) and noncanonical Wnt signaling (Wnt-5b, Wnt-11) and their inhibitors (Dkk1, Axin1, sFRP3, sFRP5, Wif-1) surrounding the cartilage canals and osteochondral junction provides evidence of the complex interactions occurring during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Stacy Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Marc Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tara Riddick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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20
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Zhao R, Peng X, Li Q, Song W. Effects of phosphorylatable short peptide-conjugated chitosan-mediated IL-1Ra and igf-1 gene transfer on articular cartilage defects in rabbits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112284. [PMID: 25390659 PMCID: PMC4229204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported an improvement in the transfection efficiency of the plasmid DNA-chitosan (pDNA/CS) complex by the utilization of phosphorylatable short peptide-conjugated chitosan (pSP-CS). In this study, we investigated the effects of pSP-CS-mediated gene transfection of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra) combined with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in rabbit chondrocytes and in a rabbit model of cartilage defects. pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra+igf-1, pBudCE4.1-IL-1Ra and pBudCE4.1-igf-1 were constructed and combined with pSP-CS to form pDNA/pSP-CS complexes. These complexes were transfected into rabbit primary chondrocytes or injected into the joint cavity. Seven weeks after treatment, all rabbits were sacrificed and analyzed. High levels of IL-1Ra and igf-1 expression were detected both in the cell culture supernatant and in the synovial fluid. In vitro, the transgenic complexes caused significant proliferation of chondrocytes, promotion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen II synthesis, and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. In vivo, the exogenous genes resulted in increased collagen II synthesis and reduced NO and GAG concentrations in the synovial fluid; histological studies revealed that pDNA/pSP-CS treatment resulted in varying degrees of hyaline-like cartilage repair and Mankin score decrease. The co-expression of both genes produced greater effects than each single gene alone both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that pSP-CS is a good candidate for use in gene therapy for the treatment of cartilage defects and that igf-1 and IL-1Ra co-expression produces promising biologic effects on cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglan Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Peng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Hilz FM, Ahrens P, Grad S, Stoddart MJ, Dahmani C, Wilken FL, Sauerschnig M, Niemeyer P, Zwingmann J, Burgkart R, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Südkamp NP, Weyh T, Imhoff AB, Alini M, Salzmann GM. Influence of extremely low frequency, low energy electromagnetic fields and combined mechanical stimulation on chondrocytes in 3-D constructs for cartilage tissue engineering. Bioelectromagnetics 2013; 35:116-28. [PMID: 24203577 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage, once damaged, has very low regenerative potential. Various experimental approaches have been conducted to enhance chondrogenesis and cartilage maturation. Among those, non-invasive electromagnetic fields have shown their beneficial influence for cartilage regeneration and are widely used for the treatment of non-unions, fractures, avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis. One very well accepted way to promote cartilage maturation is physical stimulation through bioreactors. The aim of this study was the investigation of combined mechanical and electromagnetic stress affecting cartilage cells in vitro. Primary articular chondrocytes from bovine fetlock joints were seeded into three-dimensional (3-D) polyurethane scaffolds and distributed into seven stimulated experimental groups. They either underwent mechanical or electromagnetic stimulation (sinusoidal electromagnetic field of 1 mT, 2 mT, or 3 mT; 60 Hz) or both within a joint-specific bioreactor and a coil system. The scaffold-cell constructs were analyzed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and DNA content, histology, and gene expression of collagen-1, collagen-2, aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Sox9, proteoglycan-4 (PRG-4), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and -13). There were statistically significant differences in GAG/DNA content between the stimulated versus the control group with highest levels in the combined stimulation group. Gene expression was significantly higher for combined stimulation groups versus static control for collagen 2/collagen 1 ratio and lower for MMP-13. Amongst other genes, a more chondrogenic phenotype was noticed in expression patterns for the stimulated groups. To conclude, there is an effect of electromagnetic and mechanical stimulation on chondrocytes seeded in a 3-D scaffold, resulting in improved extracellular matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Hilz
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland; Clinic of Orthopaedics and Sport Orthopaedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Ruan Z, Zhou S, Jiang S, Sun L, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhao B. Isolation and characterization of a novel cinosulfuron degrading Kurthia sp. from a methanogenic microbial consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:477-483. [PMID: 24012736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain LAM0713 was isolated from a methanogenic bacterial complexes and identified as Kurthia sp. based on morphological, cultural, physio-biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. Strain LAM0713 was found to be capable of utilizing cinosulfuron as sole nitrogen source for growth over a wide range of temperature (20-40 °C) and pH (5.0-9.0). Response surface methodology was used to optimize the degradation conditions. Strain LAM0713 could efficiently degrade 92.4% of initially supplemented 50 mg·L(1) cinosulfuron under the optimum conditions (pH 6.9, 31.8 °C) within 5 days. Five intermediates formed during cinosulfuron degradation were detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and a metabolic pathway for cinosulfuron degradation was proposed via cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge. It is the first report showing that Kurthia sp. strain could degrade sulfonylurea herbicides, suggesting that strain LAM0713 may provide new insight into microbial degradation of herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shenghua Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yi Zhai
- Institute of Agriculture Engineering, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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