1
|
Barros CDS, Coutinho A, Tengan CH. Arginine Supplementation in MELAS Syndrome: What Do We Know about the Mechanisms? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3629. [PMID: 38612442 PMCID: PMC11011289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MELAS syndrome, characterized by mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, represents a devastating mitochondrial disease, with the stroke-like episodes being its primary manifestation. Arginine supplementation has been used and recommended as a treatment for these acute attacks; however, insufficient evidence exists to support this treatment for MELAS. The mechanisms underlying the effect of arginine on MELAS pathophysiology remain unclear, although it is hypothesized that arginine could increase nitric oxide availability and, consequently, enhance blood supply to the brain. A more comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to improve treatment strategies, such as dose and regimen adjustments; identify which patients could benefit the most; and establish potential markers for follow-up. This review aims to analyze the existing evidence concerning the mechanisms through which arginine supplementation impacts MELAS pathophysiology and provide the current scenario and perspectives for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celia H. Tengan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (C.D.S.B.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
L-Arginine Reduces Nitro-Oxidative Stress in Cultured Cells with Mitochondrial Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020534. [PMID: 33562042 PMCID: PMC7914615 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Arginine (L-ARG) supplementation has been suggested as a therapeutic option in several diseases, including Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like syndrome (MELAS), arguably the most common mitochondrial disease. It is suggested that L-ARG, a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, can restore NO levels in blood vessels, improving cerebral blood flow. However, NO also participates in mitochondrial processes, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, the regulation of the respiratory chain, and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of L-ARG on mitochondrial function, nitric oxide synthesis, and nitro-oxidative stress in cell lines harboring the MELAS mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation (m.3243A>G). We evaluated mitochondrial enzyme activity, mitochondrial mass, NO concentration, and nitro-oxidative stress. Our results showed that m.3243A>G cells had increased NO levels and protein nitration at basal conditions. Treatment with L-ARG did not affect the mitochondrial function and mass but reduced the intracellular NO concentration and nitrated proteins in m.3243A>G cells. The same treatment led to opposite effects in control cells. In conclusion, we showed that the main effect of L-ARG was on protein nitration. Lowering protein nitration is probably involved in the mechanism related to L-ARG supplementation benefits in MELAS patients.
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodan LH, Poublanc J, Fisher JA, Sobczyk O, Mikulis DJ, Tein I. L-arginine effects on cerebrovascular reactivity, perfusion and neurovascular coupling in MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) syndrome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238224. [PMID: 32881886 PMCID: PMC7470264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously showed that MELAS patients have decreased cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) (p≤ 0.002) and increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) (p<0.0026); changes correlated with disease severity and % mutant mtDNA (inversely for CVR; directly for CBF). We ran a prospective pilot in 3 MELAS sibs (m.3243A>G tRNALeu(UUR)) with variable % mutant blood mtDNA to assess effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) (single dose and 6-wk steady-state trial) on regional CBF, arterial CVR and neurovascular coupling. METHODS Patients were studied with 3T MRI using arterial spin labeling (ASL) to measure CBF and changes in % Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal to changes in arterial partial pressure of CO2 to measure CVR. Task fMRI consisted of an alternating black and white checkerboard to evaluate visual cortex response in MELAS and controls. RESULTS Following L-Arg, there was restoration of serum Arg (76-230 μM) in MELAS sibs and a trend towards increasing CVR in frontal and corresponding decrease in occipital cortex; CVR was unchanged globally. There was a 29-37% reduction in baseline CBF in one patient following 6 wks of L-Arg. Pre-treatment fMRI activation in response to visual cortex stimulus was markedly decreased in the same patient compared to controls in primary visual striate cortex V1 and extrastriate regions V2 to V5 with a marked increase toward control values following a single dose and 6 wks of L-Arg. CONCLUSION Proposed "healing" effect may be due to more efficient utilization of energy substrates with increased cellular energy balances and ensuing reduction in signalling pathways that augment flow in the untreated state. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This prospective pilot study provides Class III evidence that oral L-Arginine (100 mg/kg single dose or 100 mg/kg three times daily po X 6 weeks) normalizes resting blood flow from elevated pre-treatment levels in patients with MELAS syndrome, selectively increases their CVR from reduced pre-treatment levels in regions most impaired at the expense of less abnormal regions, and normalizes reduced BOLD fMRI activation in response to visual cortex stimulus. CLINICAL TRIALS.GOV (NIH) NCT01603446.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance H. Rodan
- Division of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julien Poublanc
- Dept. of Medical Imaging, The Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Fisher
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Physiology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Toronto General Hospital Medical Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Sobczyk
- Dept. of Medical Imaging, The Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Mikulis
- Dept. of Medical Imaging, The Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Tein
- Division of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stable retention of chloramphenicol-resistant mtDNA to rescue metabolically impaired cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14328. [PMID: 32868785 PMCID: PMC7459123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The permanent transfer of specific mtDNA sequences into mammalian cells could generate improved models of mtDNA disease and support future cell-based therapies. Previous studies documented multiple biochemical changes in recipient cells shortly after mtDNA transfer, but the long-term retention and function of transferred mtDNA remains unknown. Here, we evaluate mtDNA retention in new host cells using ‘MitoPunch’, a device that transfers isolated mitochondria into mouse and human cells. We show that newly introduced mtDNA is stably retained in mtDNA-deficient (ρ0) recipient cells following uridine-free selection, although exogenous mtDNA is lost from metabolically impaired, mtDNA-intact (ρ+) cells. We then introduced a second selective pressure by transferring chloramphenicol-resistant mitochondria into chloramphenicol-sensitive, metabolically impaired ρ+ mouse cybrid cells. Following double selection, recipient cells with mismatched nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes retained transferred mtDNA, which replaced the endogenous mutant mtDNA and improved cell respiration. However, recipient cells with matched mtDNA-nDNA failed to retain transferred mtDNA and sustained impaired respiration. Our results suggest that exogenous mtDNA retention in metabolically impaired ρ+ recipients depends on the degree of recipient mtDNA-nDNA co-evolution. Uncovering factors that stabilize exogenous mtDNA integration will improve our understanding of in vivo mitochondrial transfer and the interplay between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
Collapse
|
5
|
McMillan RP, Stewart S, Budnick JA, Caswell CC, Hulver MW, Mukherjee K, Srivastava S. Quantitative Variation in m.3243A > G Mutation Produce Discrete Changes in Energy Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5752. [PMID: 30962477 PMCID: PMC6453956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3243A > G tRNALeu(UUR) heteroplasmic mutation (m.3243A > G) exhibits clinically heterogeneous phenotypes. While the high mtDNA heteroplasmy exceeding a critical threshold causes mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, the low mtDNA heteroplasmy causes maternally inherited diabetes with or without deafness (MIDD) syndrome. How quantitative differences in mtDNA heteroplasmy produces distinct pathological states has remained elusive. Here we show that despite striking similarities in the energy metabolic gene expression signature, the mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis and fuel catabolic functions are distinct in cells harboring low or high levels of the m.3243 A > G mutation compared to wild type cells. We further demonstrate that the low heteroplasmic mutant cells exhibit a coordinate induction of transcriptional regulators of the mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose and fatty acid metabolism pathways that lack in near homoplasmic mutant cells compared to wild type cells. Altogether, these results shed new biological insights on the potential mechanisms by which low mtDNA heteroplasmy may progressively cause diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Sidney Stewart
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - James A Budnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Clayton C Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Matthew W Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Konark Mukherjee
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Sarika Srivastava
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cybrid Models of Pathological Cell Processes in Different Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4647214. [PMID: 29983856 PMCID: PMC6015674 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4647214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Modelling of pathological processes in cells is one of the most sought-after technologies of the 21st century. Using models of such processes may help to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyse the literature, dedicated to obtaining and investigating cybrid models. Besides, the possibility of modeling pathological processes in cells and treatment of different diseases using the models was evaluated. Methods of obtaining Rho0 cell cultures showed that, during their creation, mainly a standard technique, based on the use of mtDNA replication inhibitors (ethidium bromide), was applied. Cybrid lines were usually obtained by PEG fusion. Most frequently, platelets acted as donors of mitochondria. According to the analysis of the literature data, cybrid cell cultures can be modeled to study the dysfunction of the mitochondrial genome and molecular cellular pathological processes. Such models can be very promising for the development of therapeutic approaches to the treatment of various human diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tengan CH, Moraes CT. NO control of mitochondrial function in normal and transformed cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:573-581. [PMID: 28216426 PMCID: PMC5487294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with multiple facets and involved in numerous pathological process, including cancer. Among the different pathways where NO has a functionally relevant participation, is the control of mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. NO is able to inhibit the electron transport chain, mainly at Complex IV, regulating oxygen consumption and ATP generation, but at the same time, can also induce increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The presence of reactive species can induce oxidative damage or participate in redox signaling. In this review, we discuss how NO affects mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis, and how it influences the development of mitochondrial deficiency and cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia H Tengan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo, 781, setimo andar, frente, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology and Cell Biology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm.229, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodan LH, Wells GD, Banks L, Thompson S, Schneiderman JE, Tein I. L-Arginine Affects Aerobic Capacity and Muscle Metabolism in MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes) Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127066. [PMID: 25993630 PMCID: PMC4439047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) on total body aerobic capacity and muscle metabolism as assessed by 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in patients with MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes) syndrome. Methods We performed a case control study in 3 MELAS siblings (m.3243A>G tRNAleu(UUR) in MTTL1 gene) with different % blood mutant mtDNA to evaluate total body maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak) using graded cycle ergometry and muscle metabolism using 31P-MRS. We then ran a clinical trial pilot study in MELAS sibs to assess response of these parameters to single dose and a 6-week steady-state trial of oral L-Arginine. Results At baseline (no L-Arg), MELAS had lower serum Arg (p = 0.001). On 31P-MRS muscle at rest, MELAS subjects had increased phosphocreatine (PCr) (p = 0.05), decreased ATP (p = 0.018), and decreased intracellular Mg2+ (p = 0.0002) when compared to matched controls. With L-arginine therapy, the following trends were noted in MELAS siblings on cycle ergometry: (1) increase in mean % maximum work at anaerobic threshold (AT) (2) increase in % maximum heart rate at AT (3) small increase in VO2peak. On 31P-MRS the following mean trends were noted: (1) A blunted decrease in pH after exercise (less acidosis) (2) increase in Pi/PCr ratio (ADP) suggesting increased work capacity (3) a faster half time of PCr recovery (marker of mitochondrial activity) following 5 minutes of moderate intensity exercise (4) increase in torque. Significance These results suggest an improvement in aerobic capacity and muscle metabolism in MELAS subjects in response to supplementation with L-Arg. Intramyocellular hypomagnesemia is a novel finding that warrants further study. Classification of Evidence Class III evidence that L-arginine improves aerobic capacity and muscle metabolism in MELAS subjects. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01603446.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance H. Rodan
- Division of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Greg D. Wells
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Laura Banks
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Sara Thompson
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Jane E. Schneiderman
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Ingrid Tein
- Division of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, M5G 1X8
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cerebral hyperperfusion and decreased cerebrovascular reactivity correlate with neurologic disease severity in MELAS. Mitochondrion 2015; 22:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
El-Hattab AW, Emrick LT, Chanprasert S, Craigen WJ, Scaglia F. Mitochondria: Role of citrulline and arginine supplementation in MELAS syndrome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Acker SN, Seedorf GJ, Abman SH, Nozik-Grayck E, Partrick DA, Gien J. Pulmonary artery endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased populations of highly proliferative endothelial cells in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L943-52. [PMID: 24124189 PMCID: PMC3882539 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00226.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased lung vascular growth and pulmonary hypertension contribute to poor outcomes in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Mechanisms that impair angiogenesis in CDH are poorly understood. We hypothesize that decreased vessel growth in CDH is caused by pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction with loss of a highly proliferative population of PAECs (HP-PAEC). PAECs were harvested from near-term fetal sheep that underwent surgical disruption of the diaphragm at 60-70 days gestational age. Highly proliferative potential was measured via single cell assay. PAEC function was assessed by assays of growth and tube formation and response to known proangiogenic stimuli, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nitric oxide (NO). Western blot analysis was used to measure content of angiogenic proteins, and superoxide production was assessed. By single cell assay, the proportion of HP-PAEC with growth of >1,000 cells was markedly reduced in the CDH PAEC, from 29% (controls) to 1% (CDH) (P < 0.0001). Compared with controls, CDH PAEC growth and tube formation were decreased by 31% (P = 0.012) and 54% (P < 0.001), respectively. VEGF and NO treatments increased CDH PAEC growth and tube formation. VEGF and VEGF-R2 proteins were increased in CDH PAEC; however, eNOS and extracellular superoxide dismutase proteins were decreased by 29 and 88%, respectively. We conclude that surgically induced CDH in fetal sheep causes endothelial dysfunction and marked reduction of the HP-PAEC population. We speculate that this CDH PAEC phenotype contributes to impaired vascular growth in CDH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/metabolism
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/pathology
- Hernia, Diaphragmatic/physiopathology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Sheep
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Acker
- Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 E. 17th Ave., C302, Aurora, CO 80045.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Domann FE. Aberrant free radical biology is a unifying theme in the etiology and pathogenesis of major human diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8491-5. [PMID: 23594999 PMCID: PMC3645757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The seemingly disparate areas of oxygen toxicity, radiation exposure, and aging are now recognized to share a common feature—the aberrant production and/or removal of biologically derived free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Advances in our understanding of the effects of free radicals in biology and medicine have been, and continue to be, actively translated into clinically tractable diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This issue is dedicated to recent advances, both basic discoveries and clinical applications, in the field of free radicals in biology and medicine. As more is understood about the proximal biological targets of aberrantly produced or removed reactive species, their sensors, and effectors of compensatory response, a great deal more will be learned about the commonalities in mechanisms underlying seemingly disparate disease states. Together with this deeper understanding, opportunities will arise to devise rational therapeutic interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of these diseases and positively impact the human healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick E Domann
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Surgery, and Pathology; Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|