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Taeb S, Rostamzadeh D, Amini SM, Rahmati M, Eftekhari M, Safari A, Najafi M. MicroRNAs targeted mTOR as therapeutic agents to improve radiotherapy outcome. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:233. [PMID: 38965615 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate genes and are involved in various biological processes, including cancer development. Researchers have been exploring the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Specifically, targeting the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway with miRNAs has shown promise in improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT), a common cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of miRNAs targeting mTOR as therapeutic agents to enhance RT outcomes in cancer patients. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the specific miRNAs that target mTOR and their impact on radiosensitivity for personalized cancer treatment approaches. The review also discusses the role of mTOR in cell homeostasis, cell proliferation, and immune response, as well as its association with oncogenesis. It highlights the different ways in which miRNAs can potentially affect the mTOR pathway and their implications in immune-related diseases. Preclinical findings suggest that combining mTOR modulators with RT can inhibit tumor growth through anti-angiogenic and anti-vascular effects, but further research and clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy and safety of using miRNAs targeting mTOR as therapeutic agents in combination with RT. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential of miRNAs targeting mTOR to enhance RT efficacy in cancer treatment and emphasizes the need for further research to translate these findings into improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eftekhari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71439-14693, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Chen H, Zhou J, Niu P, Shi D. Raptor mediates the selective inhibitory effect of cardamonin on RRAGC-mutant B cell lymphoma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 37749558 PMCID: PMC10521446 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) is associated with lymphoma progression. Oncogenic RRAGC (Rag guanosine triphosphatase C) mutations identified in patients with follicular lymphoma facilitate the interaction between Raptor (regulatory protein associated with mTOR) and Rag GTPase. It promotes the activation of mTORC1 and accelerates lymphomagenesis. Cardamonin inhibits mTORC1 by decreasing the protein level of Raptor. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of action of cardamonin in RRAGC-mutant lymphoma. This could provide a precise targeted therapy for lymphoma with RRAGC mutations. METHODS Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Protein expression and phosphorylation levels were determined using western blotting. The interactions of mTOR and Raptor with RagC were determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Cells overexpressing RagC wild-type (RagCWT) and RagC Thr90Asn (RagCT90N) were generated by lentiviral infection. Raptor knockdown was performed by lentivirus-mediated shRNA transduction. The in vivo anti-tumour effect of cardamonin was assessed in a xenograft model. RESULTS Cardamonin disrupted mTOR complex interactions by decreasing Raptor protein levels. RagCT90N overexpression via lentiviral infection increased cell proliferation and mTORC1 activation. The viability and tumour growth rate of RagCT90N-mutant cells were more sensitive to cardamonin treatment than those of normal and RagCWT cells. Cardamonin also exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70 S6 kinase 1 in RagCT90N-mutant cells. Raptor knockdown abolishes the inhibitory effects of cardamonin on mTOR. An in vivo xenograft model demonstrated that the RagCT90N-mutant showed significantly higher sensitivity to cardamonin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cardamonin exerts selective therapeutic effects on RagCT90N-mutant cells. Cardamonin can serve as a drug for individualised therapy for follicular lymphoma with RRAGC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Huajiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jintuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Peiguang Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Daohua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Bustamante-Marin X, Devlin KL, McDonell SB, Dave O, Merlino JL, Grindstaff EJ, Ho AN, Rezeli ET, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. Regulation of IGF1R by MicroRNA-15b Contributes to the Anticancer Effects of Calorie Restriction in a Murine C3-TAg Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4320. [PMID: 37686596 PMCID: PMC10486801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) inhibits triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression in several preclinical models in association with decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. To investigate the impact of CR on microRNAs (miRs) that target the IGF1/IGF1R pathway, we used the spontaneous murine model of TNBC, C3(1)/SV40 T-antigen (C3-TAg). In C3-TAg mice, CR reduced body weight, IGF1 levels, and TNBC progression. We evaluated the tumoral expression of 10 miRs. CR increased the expression of miR-199a-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-486, and miR-15b. However, only miR-15b expression correlated with tumorigenicity in the M28, M6, and M6C C3-TAg cell lines of TNBC progression. Overexpressing miR-15b reduced the proliferation of mouse (M6) and human (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Serum restriction alone or in combination with low levels of recombinant IGF1 significantly upregulated miR-15b expression and reduced Igf1r in M6 cells. These effects were reversed by the pharmacological inhibition of IGFR with BMS754807. In silico analysis using miR web tools predicted that miR-15b targets genes associated with IGF1/mTOR pathways and the cell cycle. Our findings suggest that CR in association with reduced IGF1 levels could upregulate miR-15b to downregulate Igf1r and contribute to the anticancer effects of CR. Thus, miR-15b may be a therapeutic target for mimicking the beneficial effects of CR against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Bustamante-Marin
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, USA
| | - Kaylyn L. Devlin
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Shannon B. McDonell
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Om Dave
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenna L. Merlino
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emma J. Grindstaff
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Ho
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, USA
| | - Erika T. Rezeli
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Cao C, Wang Y, Wu X, Li Z, Guo J, Sun W. The roles and mechanisms of circular RNAs related to mTOR in cancers. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24783. [PMID: 36426933 PMCID: PMC9757007 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable molecules with covalently closed structures that have an irreplaceable role in the occurrence, progression, and even treatment of plenty of cancers. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator in cancers and plays several biological functions, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis. METHODS All data were collected through PubMed and CNKI, using terms including "circRNA," "mTOR," "caner," "signaling pathway," "biomarker," "diagnosis," "treatment." Articles published in Chinese and English were included. RESULTS In this review, the expression, function, and mechanism of circRNA-associated mTOR in cancers were described. CircRNA-associated-mTOR can regulate the progression and therapy of a variety of cancers in multiple signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mTOR, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR axis. These cancers including esophageal carcinoma (circLPAR3, ciRS-7), gastric cancer (circNRIP1, hsa_circ_0010882, hsa_circ_0000117, hsa_circ_0072309, and circST3GAL6), colorectal cancer (hsa_circ_0000392, hsa_circ_0084927, hsa_circ_0104631, and circFBXW7), liver cancer (circC16orf62, hsa_circ_100338, hsa_circ_0004001, hsa_circ_0004123, hsa_circ_0075792, hsa_circ_0079299, and hsa_circ_0002130), pancreatic cancer (circ-IARS and circRHOBTB3), renal carcinoma (ciRS-7), bladder cancer (circUBE2K), prostate cancer (circMBOAT2 and circ-ITCH), ovarian cancer (circEEF2, circRAB11FIP1, circMYLK, and circTPCN), endometrial cancer (hsa_circ_0002577 and circWHSC1), lung cancer (circHIPK3, hsa_circ_0001666), thyroid cancer (hsa_circ_0007694 and hsa_circ_0008274), glioma (circGFRA1, circ-MAPK4, circPCMTD1, and hsa_circ_0037251), osteosarcoma (circTCF25), leukemia (circ-PRKDC), and breast cancer (hsa_circ_0000199, circUBAP2, and circWHSC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyMedical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- The Affiliated People's HospitalNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyMedical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyMedical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyMedical School of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Weiliang Sun
- The Affiliated People's HospitalNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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MicroRNA Expression Profile in TSC Cell Lines and the Impact of mTOR Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214493. [PMID: 36430972 PMCID: PMC9694073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential implication of microRNA on tuberous sclerosis (TSC) pathogenesis by performing microRNA profiling on cell lines silencing TSC1 or TSC2 genes using qPCR panels, before and after incubation with rapamycin. Significant differences in expression were observed between samples before and after rapamycin treatment in nineteen miRNAs in TSC1, five miRNAs in TSC2 and seven miRNAs in controls. Of miRNAs dysregulated before rapamycin treatment, three normalized after treatment in the TSC1 group (miR-21-3p, miR-433-3p, let-7g-3p) and one normalized in the TSC2 group (miR-1224-3p). Of the miRNAs dysregulated before rapamycin treatment in the TSC1 and TSC2 groups, two did not normalize after treatment (miR-33a-3p, miR-29a-3p). The results of the possible targets indicated that there are four common genes with seed regions susceptible to regulation by those miRNAs: ZBTB20, PHACTR2, PLXNC1 and ATP1B4. Our data show no changes in mRNA expression of these targets after rapamycin treatment. In conclusion, results of our study indicate the involvement of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of TSC. Some of the miRNA might be used as markers of treatment efficacy and autonomic miRNA as a target for future therapy.
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Nazari N, Jafari F, Ghalamfarsa G, Hadinia A, Atapour A, Ahmadi M, Dolati S, Rostamzadeh D. The emerging role of microRNA in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway in immune and inflammatory responses. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:814-832. [PMID: 33988889 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is considered to be an atypical protein kinase that plays a critical role in integrating different cellular and environmental inputs in the form of growth factors, nutrients and energy and, subsequently, in regulating different cellular events, including cell metabolism, survival, homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Immunologically, mTOR is a critical regulator of immune function through integrating numerous signals from the immune microenvironment, which coordinates the functions of immune cells and T cell fate decisions. The crucial role of mTOR in immune responses has been lately even more appreciated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding single-stranded RNAs that act as molecular regulators involved in multiple processes during immune cells development, homeostasis, activation and effector polarization. Several studies have recently indicated that a range of miRNAs are involved in regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mTOR (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway by targeting multiple components of this signaling pathway and modulating the expression and function of these targets. Current evidence has revealed the interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR pathway circuits in various immune cell types. The expression of individual miRNA can affect the function of mTOR signaling to determine the cell fate decisions in immune responses through coordinating immune signaling and cell metabolism. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway/miRNAs crosstalk has been reported in cancers and various immune-related diseases. Thus, expression profiles of dysregulated miRNAs could influence the mTOR pathway, resulting in the promotion of aberrant immunity. This review summarizes the latest information regarding the reciprocal role of the mTOR signaling pathway and miRNAs in orchestrating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Nazari
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Hadinia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Atapour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Rostamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Liang Q, Dong W, Ou M, Li Z, Liu C, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang W. miR-151 Affects Low-Temperature Tolerance of Penaeus vannamei by Modulating Autophagy Under Low-Temperature Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:595108. [PMID: 33898416 PMCID: PMC8064728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.595108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including autophagy. Autophagy is cellular in an emergency response mechanism of environment stress, but their complex molecular regulatory mechanism under low-temperature stress is largely unknown in shrimp, especially miRNA-mediated regulation of autophagy in low-temperature tolerance. In this article, a shrimp PvTOR and miRNA pva-miR-151 cooperation in response to low-temperature stress has been reported. Pva-miR-151 showed expression patterns opposite to target PvTOR under low-temperature stress. The pva-miR-151 targets the 3'-UTR region of PvTOR, regulate the formation of autophagosome, which contribute to the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles. In addition, the low-temperature tolerance was correlated positively with autophagy in shrimp. Silenced pva-miR-151 increased sensitivity to low-temperature stress, whereas overexpression pva-miR-151 decreased the expression of PvTOR and p-TOR and increased tolerance to low-temperature stress by improving the formation of autophagosome and total hemocyte count. In addition, the TOR activator 3BDO can partially rescue autophagy induced by overexpression of pva-miR-151; these results indicate that miR-151 was necessary for the low-temperature tolerance in shrimp. Taken together, we provide a novel strategy and mechanism for shrimp breeding to improve shrimp low-temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenNa Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - MuFei Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhongHua Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - FeiFei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WeiNa Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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miR-199a-3p suppresses progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:157-167. [PMID: 32826415 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA contributes to multiple tumorigenic processes. Although downregulation of miR-199a-3p has been shown in many cancers, its effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the regulatory mechanism are still obscure. Here, we aim to evaluate the biological function and underlying mechanisms of miR-199a-3p in ESCC as well as its value to clinical treatment of ESCC. We first analyzed expression of miR-199a-3p in esophageal cancer by bioinformatic analysis and found that there were different opinions about expression of miR-199a-3p in esophageal cancer, and the following qRT-PCR assay demonstrated which was markedly downregulated in ESCC cells. Next, we increased the expression of miR-199a-3p in ESCC cells using miR-199a-3p mimics and demonstrated that overexpression of miR-199a-3p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as induced cell cycle retard and promoted apoptosis in ESCC. Furthermore, we explored the functional targets of miR-199a-3p and identified that overexpression of miR-199a-3p inhibited mTOR/p70S6K pathway, but stimulated PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-199a-3p enhanced proliferation-inhibiting effects of MK2206, an inhibitor of Akt, to ESCC cells, which might be related that MK2206 eliminated the activation of miR-199a-3p to p-Akt. These findings discover that miR-199a-3p might participate in the carcinogenesis process of ESCC, which provides a new insight for treatment of ESCC.
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Balogh A, Reiniger L, Hetey S, Kiraly P, Toth E, Karaszi K, Juhasz K, Gelencser Z, Zvara A, Szilagyi A, Puskas LG, Matko J, Papp Z, Kovalszky I, Juhasz C, Than NG. Decreased Expression of ZNF554 in Gliomas is Associated with the Activation of Tumor Pathways and Shorter Patient Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5762. [PMID: 32796700 PMCID: PMC7461028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 554 (ZNF554), a member of the Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger protein subfamily, is predominantly expressed in the brain and placenta in humans. Recently, we unveiled that ZNF554 regulates trophoblast invasion during placentation and its decreased expression leads to the early pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Since ZNF proteins are immensely implicated in the development of several tumors including malignant tumors of the brain, here we explored the pathological role of ZNF554 in gliomas. We examined the expression of ZNF554 at mRNA and protein levels in normal brain and gliomas, and then we searched for genome-wide transcriptomic changes in U87 glioblastoma cells transiently overexpressing ZNF554. Immunohistochemistry of brain tissues in our cohort (n = 62) and analysis of large TCGA RNA-Seq data (n = 687) of control, oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma tissues both revealed decreased expression of ZNF554 towards higher glioma grades. Furthermore, low ZNF554 expression was associated with shorter survival of grade III and IV astrocytoma patients. Overexpression of ZNF554 in U87 cells resulted in differential expression, mostly downregulation of 899 genes. The "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway", known to be activated during glioma development, was the most impacted among 116 dysregulated pathways. Most affected pathways were cancer-related and/or immune-related. Congruently, cell proliferation was decreased and cell cycle was arrested in ZNF554-transfected glioma cells. These data collectively suggest that ZNF554 is a potential tumor suppressor and its decreased expression may lead to the loss of oncogene suppression, activation of tumor pathways, and shorter survival of patients with malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Szabolcs Hetey
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Eszter Toth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Andras Szilagyi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Laszlo G. Puskas
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Janos Matko
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
| | - Csaba Juhasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.K.); (E.T.); (K.K.); (K.J.); (Z.G.); (A.S.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (I.K.)
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary;
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10
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Autophagy in Neurotrauma: Good, Bad, or Dysregulated. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070693. [PMID: 31295858 PMCID: PMC6678153 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a physiological process that helps maintain a balance between the manufacture of cellular components and breakdown of damaged organelles and other toxic cellular constituents. Changes in autophagic markers are readily detectable in the spinal cord and brain following neurotrauma, including traumatic spinal cord and brain injury (SCI/TBI). However, the role of autophagy in neurotrauma remains less clear. Whether autophagy is good or bad is under debate, with strong support for both a beneficial and detrimental role for autophagy in experimental models of neurotrauma. Emerging data suggest that autophagic flux, a measure of autophagic degradation activity, is impaired in injured central nervous systems (CNS), and interventions that stimulate autophagic flux may provide neuroprotection in SCI/TBI models. Recent data demonstrating that neurotrauma can cause lysosomal membrane damage resulting in pathological autophagosome accumulation in the spinal cord and brain further supports the idea that the impairment of the autophagy–lysosome pathway may be a part of secondary injury processes of SCI/TBI. Here, we review experimental work on the complex and varied responses of autophagy in terms of both the beneficial and detrimental effects in SCI and TBI models. We also discuss the existing and developing therapeutic options aimed at reducing the disruption of autophagy to protect the CNS after injuries.
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11
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Alqurashi N, Hashimi SM, Alowaidi F, Ivanovski S, Farag A, Wei MQ. miR-496, miR-1185, miR-654, miR-3183 and miR-495 are downregulated in colorectal cancer cells and have putative roles in the mTOR pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1657-1668. [PMID: 31423233 PMCID: PMC6614670 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by suppressing the target mRNA and inhibiting translation in order to regulate multiple biological processes. miRNAs play important roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the development of various types of human cancer. The regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by miRNAs has been studied in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to the best of our knowledge, only limited information regarding the function of miRNAs in human CRC is available. In the present study, the expression of 22 miRNAs in CRC cell lines were investigated in regard to key genes in the mTOR pathway. Initially, it was revealed that mTOR, regulatory-associated protein of mTOR complex I and rapamycin-intensive companion of mTOR were overexpressed in CRC cell lines when compared with a normal colorectal cell line. Subsequently, putative miRNA-mRNA associations were identified via multiple miRNA target prediction programs. The expression levels for the candidate miRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression analysis revealed that, among 20 miRNAs, five miRNAs (miR-496, miR-1185, miR-654, miR-3183 and miR-495) exhibited significant downregulation in association with the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, the results from the present study suggest that several miRNAs that are associated with CRC, with possible roles in mTOR signaling, may have potential therapeutic or diagnostic benefits in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Alqurashi
- Department of Basic Science, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, and Department of Stem Cells, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Hashimi
- Department of Basic Science, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, and Department of Stem Cells, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alowaidi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and University Hospitals, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Amro Farag
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ming Q Wei
- Division of Molecular and Gene Therapies, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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12
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Polyphenols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) modulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR-associated micro-RNAs and reduce inflammation in non-cancer and induce cell death in breast cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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13
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Göktuna Sİ. IKBKE inhibits TSC1 to activate the mTOR/S6K pathway for oncogenic transformation. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:268-278. [PMID: 30814890 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1801-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IKBKE (IKKε) has emerged as a key modulator of multiple substrates, controlling oncogenic pathways in various malignancies. mTOR signaling, required for cellular growth, proliferation, and vascular angiogenesis in cancer, is potentially one of the pathways regulated by IKKε. Upon activation by various stimuli, PI3K/AKT or similar effectors can relieve the inhibitory effect of the TSC1/TSC2 complex through their phosphorylation to favor mTOR/S6K activation in the downstream. Therefore, any activity that interferes with PI3K/AKT or their downstream targets, such as TSC1/2 or GSK3α/β, may activate the mTOR/S6K pathway for oncogenic transformation in normal cells. Previous studies have shown that PI3K/AKT can be directly phosphoregulated by IKKε. Here, we propose a new regulatory function for IKKε in the mTOR/S6K pathway through its direct interaction with TSC1, leading to TSC1 phosphorylation, which is vital to suppress its inhibitory role in mTOR activation. Experimentally, upon IKKε deficiency in colorectal cancer cells, we observed that S6K activity was diminished while TSC1 levels were found to be stabilized. We hypothesized that these observations may result from direct interaction between IKKε and TSC1. Indeed, the interaction of these two proteins involves the phosphoregulation of TSC1 in various cell lines. Therefore, we propose a mechanism where IKKε, through regulating TSC1 stability in cancer cells, may create an alternative regulatory loop for the activation of mTOR signaling. These results can potentially be important for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan İsmail Göktuna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey.,Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Genomics and Genoproteomics Research Center (GIGA), University of Liege , Liege , Belgium.,National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University , Ankara , Turkey
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14
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Ultimo S, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Vitale M, Calin GA, Neri LM. Roles and clinical implications of microRNAs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5642-5654. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ultimo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM)University of ParmaParmaItaly
- CoreLabHospital‐University of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - George A. Calin
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non‐Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Luca M. Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
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15
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Wang P, Liu XM, Ding L, Zhang XJ, Ma ZL. mTOR signaling-related MicroRNAs and Cancer involvement. J Cancer 2018; 9:667-673. [PMID: 29556324 PMCID: PMC5858488 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs, 18-23 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been closely associated with the development of cancer. In the process of tumorigenesis, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays important roles, and the mTOR signaling pathway is aberrant in various types of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, prostate cancer, as well as others. However, the relationship between miRNAs and the mTOR signaling pathway is indistinct. Herein, we not only summarize the progress of miRNAs and the mTOR signaling pathway in cancers, but also highlight their role in the diagnosis and treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin-Ju Zhang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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16
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The Current Status and Future Role of the Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase/AKT Signaling Pathway in Urothelial Cancer: An Old Pathway in the New Immunotherapy Era. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:e269-e276. [PMID: 29199023 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a well studied signaling pathway that regulates diverse cellular functions including proliferation, metabolism, and transcription. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been implicated in multiple cancers. Genomic studies have shown that activating mutations in oncogenes as well as inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes are present across a variety of malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma. In bladder cancer, up to 40% of tumors exhibit constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Current treatments for non-muscle-invasive disease confer a 5-year cancer-specific survival rate as high as 90%. However, patients with muscle-invasive, recurrent, or metastatic disease have a poor prognosis. Although the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors is certainly changing the therapeutic landscape and is a great addition to the platinum-based therapy that was the standard of care for the past 3 decades, it is anticipated that a great number of patients would fail to respond or their disease would progress with either chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Therefore, the use of agents that target members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway represent an attractive, alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. In this review we describe the pathway, with a focus on the rationale for targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and considers the challenges that we face from the current clinical trials. Novel agents such as PI3K inhibitors and microRNA inhibitors that target this pathway might lead to durable responses especially when used in combination with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, however, toxicity remains an obstacle. Finally, in this review we discuss the importance of developing biomarkers to help select appropriate patients and identify optimal treatment options.
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17
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Peng T, Dou QP. Everolimus Inhibits Growth of Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Induction of Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and G2/M Arrest. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2722-2730. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Pancreatic Disease Institute; Tongji Medical College; Union Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430022 P. R. China
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology, and Pathology; Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
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18
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Tunissiolli NM, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, Biselli-Chicote PM, Pavarino ÉC, da Silva RF, da Silva RDCMA, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Comprehensive Review of
Biomarkers, Clinical Aspects, and Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:863-872. [PMID: 28545181 PMCID: PMC5494234 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cause of several deaths related to cancer worldwidely. In early stage, curative treatments such as surgical resection, liver transplant and local ablation can improve the patient ´s survival. However, the disease is detected in advanced stage; moreover some available therapies are restricted to palliative care and local treatment. Early detections of HCC and adequate therapy are crucial to increase survival as well as to improve the patient´s quality of life. Therefore, researchers have been investigating molecular biomarkers with high sensibility and reliability as Golgi 73 protein (GP73), Glypican-3 (GPC3), Osteopontin (OPN), microRNAs and others. MicroRNAs can regulate important pathways on carcinogenesis, as tumor angiogenesis and progression. So, they can be considered as possible markers of prognosis in HCC, and therapeutic target for this tumor type. In this review, we discuss the recent advances related to the cause (highlighting the main risk factors), treatment, biomarkers, clinic aspects, and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Martines Tunissiolli
- Research Unit of Genetics and Molecular Biology (UPGEM), São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto- SP, Brazil
- Liver Tumors Study Group (GETF),São Jose do Rio Preto Medical
School (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto- SP, Brazil.
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19
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Chen P, Shen T, Wang H, Ke Z, Liang Y, Ouyang J, Jiang T. MicroRNA-185-5p restores glucocorticoid sensitivity by suppressing the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) signaling pathway to enhance glucocorticoid receptor autoregulation. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:1-11. [PMID: 28278709 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1296143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of microRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p) in glucocorticoid (GC)-sensitive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was identified using a microarray and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and was further confirmed in ALL cell lines. A reporter assay confirmed that the Rictor-one component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a target of miR-185-5p. Decreased mTORC activity was also confirmed in GC-sensitive patients. Overexpression of miR-185-5p significantly enhanced GC sensitivity in CEM-C1 cells (GC resistance) by increasing the rate of cell apoptosis and cycle arrest, and decreasing cell survival, accompanied by a decrease in mTORC activity and an increase in GC-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression. Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, showed similar effects to miR-185-5p. These results demonstrated that miR-185-5p enhances GC sensitivity via suppression of mTORC activity by enhancing GR autoupregulation and that miR-185-5p is a potential target for the diagnosis and reversion of GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Chen
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Ting Shen
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Huimin Wang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Zhiyong Ke
- b Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Yaru Liang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Tang Jiang
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
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20
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Kim H, Banerjee N, Sirven MA, Minamoto Y, Markel ME, Suchodolski JS, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU. Pomegranate polyphenolics reduce inflammation and ulceration in intestinal colitis-involvement of the miR-145/p70S6K1/HIF1α axis in vivo and in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:107-115. [PMID: 28282584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential role of the p70S6K1/HIF1α axis in the anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) polyphenolics in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Sprague-Dawley rats and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated CCD-18Co colon-myofibroblastic cells. Rats were administered either control (CT) or pomegranate beverage (PG), containing ellagic acid and ellagitannins, then exposed to three cycles of 3% DSS followed by a 2-week recovery period. PG protected against DSS-induced colon inflammation and ulceration (50% and 66.7%, P=.05 and .045, respectively), and decreased the Ki-67 proliferative index in the central and basal regions compared to the control. PG also significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), COX-2, and iNOS at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of p70S6K1 and HIF1α was reduced, while the tumor suppressor miR-145 was induced by PG. The intestinal microbiota of rats treated with PG showed a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae that include several butyrate producing bacteria (P=.03). In vitro, PG reduced the expression of p70S6K1 and HIF1α and induced miR-145 in a dose-dependent manner. The involvement of miR-145/p70S6K1 was confirmed by treating LPS-treated CCD-18Co cells with miR-145 antagomiR, where the pomegranate polyphenolics reversed the effects of the antagomiR for p70S6K1 mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that pomegranate polyphenols attenuated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the miR-145/p70S6K/HIF1α axis, indicating potential use in therapeutic treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nivedita Banerjee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maritza A Sirven
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yasushi Minamoto
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Melissa E Markel
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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21
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Kim H, Banerjee N, Barnes RC, Pfent CM, Talcott ST, Dashwood RH, Mertens-Talcott SU. Mango polyphenolics reduce inflammation in intestinal colitis-involvement of the miR-126/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:197-207. [PMID: 27061150 PMCID: PMC5053910 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of mango (Mangifera Indica L.) polyphenolics containing gallic acid and gallotanins, and the role of the miR-126/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenolics extracted from mango (var. Keitt) were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated CCD-18Co cells. Rats received either a beverage with mango polyphenolics or a control beverage, and were exposed to three cycles of 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) followed by a 2-wk recovery period. The mango extract (10 mg GAE/L) suppressed the protein expression of NF-κB, p-NF-κB, PI3K (p85β), HIF-1α, p70S6K1, and RPS6 in LPS-treated CCD-18Co cells. LPS reduced miR-126 expression, whereas, the mango extract induced miR-126 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The relationship between miR-126 and its target, PI3K (p85β), was confirmed by treating cells with miR-126 antagomiR where mango polyphenols reversed the effects of the antagomiR. In vivo, mango beverage protected against DSS-induced colonic inflammation (47%, P = 0.05) and decreased the Ki-67 labeling index in the central and basal regions compared to the control. Mango beverage significantly attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS at the mRNA and protein level. Moreover, the expression of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR was reduced, whereas, miR-126 was upregulated by the mango treatment. These results suggest that mango polyphenols attenuated inflammatory response by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway at least in part through upregulation of miRNA-126 expression both in vitro and in vivo; thus, mango polyphenolics might be relevant as preventive agents in ulcerative colitis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nivedita Banerjee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ryan C Barnes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Catherine M Pfent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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22
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Banerjee N, Kim H, Talcott ST, Turner ND, Byrne DH, Mertens-Talcott SU. Plum polyphenols inhibit colorectal aberrant crypt foci formation in rats: potential role of the miR-143/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin axis. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1105-1113. [PMID: 27865352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional prevention of aberrant crypt foci by polyphenols may be a crucial step to dietary cancer prevention. The objective of this study was to determine the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties of plum (Prunus salicina L.) polyphenols, including chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid, in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. The hypothesis was that plum polyphenolics suppress AOM-induced aberrant crypt foci formation through alterations in the protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and relative micro-RNA expressions. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10/group) received plum beverage (1346mg gallic acid equivalents/L) or a control beverage ad libitum for 10 weeks with subcutaneous injections of AOM (15mg/kg) at weeks 2 and 3. Results show that the consumption of the plum beverage decreased the number of dysplastic aberrant crypt foci by 48% (P<.05) and lowered proliferation of mucosal cells by 24% (P<.05). The plum beverage decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in mucosal scrapings, as well as the superoxide dismutase activity in serum. The results were accompanied by a down-regulation of proinflammatory enzymes nuclear factor κB, nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 messenger RNA. Plum inhibited the expression of AKT and mTOR messenger RNA, phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein levels, and the ratio of the phosphorylated/total protein expression of mTOR. Also, the plum beverage increased the expression of miR-143, which is involved in the regulation of AKT. These results suggest that plum polyphenols may exhibit a chemopreventive potential against colon carcinogenesis by impacting the AKT/mTOR pathway and miR-143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Banerjee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Interdisciplinary Program of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David H Byrne
- Department of Horticulture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Mukherjee A, Koli S, Reddy KVR. Rapamycin (Sirolimus) alters mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway regulation and microRNA expression in mouse meiotic spermatocytes. Andrology 2016; 3:979-90. [PMID: 26311343 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a signal transduction pathway that modulates translation initiation in several animals including mammals. Rapamaycin, an allosteric inhibitor of mTOR pathway, is often used as an immunosuppressive drug following kidney transplantation and causes gonadal dysfunction and defects in spermatogenesis. The molecular mechanism behind rapamycin-mediated testicular dysfunction is not known. We have therefore explored the contribution of rapamycin in mTOR regulation and microRNA (miRNA) expression in mouse spermatocytes, the intermediate stage of spermatogenesis, where meiosis takes place. In the present study, we optimized the isolation of highly pure and viable spermatocytes by flow sorting, treated them with rapamycin, and investigated the expression of mTOR and downstream effector molecules. Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis confirm that rapamycin treatment suppresses mTOR and phopsphorylated P70S6 kinase activities in spermatocytes, but not that of phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1. Also, rapamycin treatment modulates the expression of several spermatocyte-specific miRNAs. To complement these finding an in vivo study was also performed. In silico prediction of target genes of these miRNAs and their functional pathway analysis revealed that, several of them are involved in crucial biological process, cellular process and catalytic activities. miRNA-transcription factor (TF) network analysis enlisted different TFs propelling the transcription machineries of these miRNAs. In silico prediction followed by quatitative real-time PCR revealed two of these TFs namely, PU.1 and CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) are down and upregulated, respectively, which may be the reason of the altered expression of miRNAs following rapamycin treatment. In conclusion, for the first time, the present study provides insight into how rapamycin regulates mTOR pathway and spermatocyte-specific miRNA expression which in turn, regulate expression of target genes post-transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - S Koli
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
| | - K V R Reddy
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, India
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24
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Saeidimehr S, Ebrahimi A, Saki N, Goodarzi P, Rahim F. MicroRNA-Based Linkage between Aging and Cancer: from Epigenetics View Point. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:117-26. [PMID: 27540517 PMCID: PMC4988411 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process and a broad spectrum of physical, psychological, and
social changes over time. Accompanying diseases and disabilities, which can interfere
with cancer treatment and recovery, occur in old ages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a
set of small non-coding RNAs, which have considerable roles in post-transcriptional
regulation at gene expression level. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge of miRNAs functions in ageing, with mainly focuses on malignancies
and all underlying genetic, molecular and epigenetics mechanisms. The evidences indicated the complex and dynamic nature of miRNA-based linkage of ageing and cancer
at genomics and epigenomics levels which might be generally crucial for understanding
the mechanisms of age-related cancer and ageing. Recently in the field of cancer and
ageing, scientists claimed that uric acid can be used to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cancer and ageing prevention; these findings highlight the role of
miRNA-based inhibition of the SLC2A9 antioxidant pathway in cancer, as a novel way to
kill malignant cells, while a patient is fighting with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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25
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Pinto-Leite R, Arantes-Rodrigues R, Sousa N, Oliveira PA, Santos L. mTOR inhibitors in urinary bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11541-11551. [PMID: 27235118 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great scientific advances that have been made in cancer treatment, there is still much to do, particularly with regard to urinary bladder cancer. Some of the drugs used in urinary bladder cancer treatment have been in use for more than 30 years and show reduced effectiveness and high recurrence rates. There have been several attempts to find new and more effective drugs, to be used alone or in combination with the drugs already in use, in order to overcome this situation.The biologically important mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is altered in cancer and mTOR inhibitors have raised many expectations as potentially important anticancer drugs. In this article, the authors will review the mTOR pathway and present their experiences of the use of some mTOR inhibitors, sirolimus, everolimus and temsirolimus, in isolation and in conjunction with non-mTOR inhibitors cisplatin and gemcitabine, on urinary bladder tumour cell lines. The non-muscle-invasive cell line, 5637, is the only one that exhibits a small alteration in the mTOR and AKT phosphorylation after rapalogs exposure. Also, there was a small inhibition of cell proliferation. With gemcitabine plus everolimus or temsirolimus, the results were encouraging as a more effective response was noticed with both combinations, especially in the 5637 and T24 cell lines. Cisplatin associated with everolimus or temsirolimus also gave promising results, as an antiproliferative effect was observed when the drugs were associated, in particular on the 5637 and HT1376 cell lines. Everolimus or temsirolimus in conjunction with gemcitabine or cisplatin could have an important role to play in urinary bladder cancer treatment, depending on the tumour grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pinto-Leite
- Genetic Service, Cytogenetic Laboratory, Hospital Center of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. .,Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Arantes-Rodrigues
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Health School, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - P A Oliveira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Health School, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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26
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Pham LM, Carvalho L, Schaus S, Kolaczyk ED. Perturbation Detection Through Modeling of Gene Expression on a Latent Biological Pathway Network: A Bayesian hierarchical approach. J Am Stat Assoc 2016; 111:73-92. [PMID: 27647944 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2015.1110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular response to a perturbation is the result of a dynamic system of biological variables linked in a complex network. A major challenge in drug and disease studies is identifying the key factors of a biological network that are essential in determining the cell's fate. Here our goal is the identification of perturbed pathways from high-throughput gene expression data. We develop a three-level hierarchical model, where (i) the first level captures the relationship between gene expression and biological pathways using confirmatory factor analysis, (ii) the second level models the behavior within an underlying network of pathways induced by an unknown perturbation using a conditional autoregressive model, and (iii) the third level is a spike-and-slab prior on the perturbations. We then identify perturbations through posterior-based variable selection. We illustrate our approach using gene transcription drug perturbation profiles from the DREAM7 drug sensitivity predication challenge data set. Our proposed method identified regulatory pathways that are known to play a causative role and that were not readily resolved using gene set enrichment analysis or exploratory factor models. Simulation results are presented assessing the performance of this model relative to a network-free variant and its robustness to inaccuracies in biological databases.
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27
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Zou Z, Chen J, Liu A, Zhou X, Song Q, Jia C, Chen Z, Lin J, Yang C, Li M, Jiang Y, Bai X. mTORC2 promotes cell survival through c-Myc-dependent up-regulation of E2F1. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:105-22. [PMID: 26459601 PMCID: PMC4602034 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of mTORC2 reduces PP2A activity toward c-Myc serine 62 (S62), leading to enhancement of c-Myc phosphorylation and expression and increased transcription of pri-miR-9-2/miR-9-3p, which in turn suppresses E2F1 and enhances apoptosis. Previous studies have reported that mTORC2 promotes cell survival through phosphorylating AKT and enhancing its activity. We reveal another mechanism by which mTORC2 controls apoptosis. Inactivation of mTORC2 promotes binding of CIP2A to PP2A, leading to reduced PP2A activity toward c-Myc serine 62 and, consequently, enhancement of c-Myc phosphorylation and expression. Increased c-Myc activity induces transcription of pri-miR-9-2/miR-9-3p, in turn inhibiting expression of E2F1, a transcriptional factor critical for cancer cell survival and tumor progression, resulting in enhanced apoptosis. In vivo experiments using B cell–specific mTORC2 (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR) deletion mice and a xenograft tumor model confirmed that inactivation of mTORC2 causes up-regulation of c-Myc and miR-9-3p, down-regulation of E2F1, and consequent reduction in cell survival. Conversely, Antagomir-9-3p reversed mTORC1/2 inhibitor–potentiated E2F1 suppression and resultant apoptosis in xenograft tumors. Our in vitro and in vivo findings collectively demonstrate that mTORC2 promotes cell survival by stimulating E2F1 expression through a c-Myc– and miR-9-3p–dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Anling Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Qiancheng Song
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Cuilan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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28
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Bertacchini J, Heidari N, Mediani L, Capitani S, Shahjahani M, Ahmadzadeh A, Saki N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR network for treatment of leukemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2337-47. [PMID: 25712020 PMCID: PMC11113278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been observed in a huge number of malignancies. This pathway can function as a prosurvival factor in leukemia stem cells and early committed leukemic precursors and its inhibition is regarded as a therapeutic approach. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to evaluate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors used in leukemia models. DISCUSSION Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been reported to have beneficial therapeutic effects in leukemias, both in vitro in leukemia cell lines and in vivo in animal models. Overall, the use of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, dual Akt/RTK inhibitor, Akt inhibitor, selective inhibitor of PI3K, mTOR inhibitor and dual PI3K/PDK1 inhibitor in CML, AML, APL, CLL, B-ALL and T-ALL has a better therapeutic effect than conventional treatments. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may have pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects on hematological malignancies. Furthermore, modulation of miRNA can be used as a novel therapeutic approach to regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. However, both aspects require further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nazanin Heidari
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Laura Mediani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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29
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Shen L, Sun C, Li Y, Li X, Sun T, Liu C, Zhou Y, Du Z. MicroRNA-199a-3p suppresses glioma cell proliferation by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6929-38. [PMID: 25854175 PMCID: PMC4644202 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma has been investigated for decades, but the prognosis remains poor because of rapid proliferation, its aggressive potential, and its resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is highly expressed and regulates cellular proliferation and cell growth. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene transcription and translation via up-regulating or down-regulating the levels of miRNAs. This study was conducted to explore the molecular functions of miR-199a-3p in glioma. We detected the expression of miR-199a-3p in glioma samples by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Then, we transfected the U87 and U251 cell lines with miR-199a-3p. Cellular proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed to explain the function of miR-199a-3p. PCR confirmed that the expression of miR-199a-3p was lower in glioma samples combined with normal brain tissues. The over-expression of miR-199a-3p might target mTOR and restrained cellular growth and proliferation but not invasive and apoptosis capability. Results indicated that cellular proliferation was inhibited to regulate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by elevating levels of miR-199a-3p. MiR-199a-3p in glioma cell lines has effects similar to the tumor suppressor gene on cellular proliferation via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Sun
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjin Liu
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziwei Du
- Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, People's Republic of China
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30
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Nemes K, Csóka M, Nagy N, Márk Á, Váradi Z, Dankó T, Kovács G, Kopper L, Sebestyén A. Expression of Certain Leukemia/Lymphoma Related microRNAs and its Correlation with Prognosis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:597-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dong P, Konno Y, Watari H, Hosaka M, Noguchi M, Sakuragi N. The impact of microRNA-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness in endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2014; 12:231. [PMID: 25141911 PMCID: PMC4145234 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a common mechanism in all subtypes of endometrial cancers (endometrioid and non-endometrioid tumors), has important roles in contributing to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that concurrently affect multiple target genes, and regulate a wide range of genes involved in modulating EMT and CSC properties. Here we overview the recent advances revealing the impact of miRNAs on EMT and CSC phenotypes in tumors including endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. MiRNAs are crucial mediators of EMT and CSC through targeting PTEN-PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis. In endometrial cancer cells, miRNAs can activate or attenuate EMT and CSC by targeting PTEN and other EMT-associated genes, such as Twist1, ZEB1 and BMI-1. More detailed studies of miRNAs will deepen our understanding of the molecular basis underlying PI3K/AKT-induced endometrial cancer initiation and progression. Targeting key signaling components of PI3K/AKT pathway by restoring or inhibiting miRNA function holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach to suppress EMT and CSC in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo 0608638, Japan.
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Lerner C, Wemmert S, Schick B. Preliminary analysis of different microRNA expression levels in juvenile angiofibromas. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:835-838. [PMID: 25279155 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a rare fibrovascular tumor affecting, almost exclusively, adolescent males. The finding of frequent β-catenin-mutations in JAs emphasized the significance of the Wnt-signaling pathway in tumor pathogenesis. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been found to be involved in cancer pathogenesis by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have not been analyzed in JAs thus far. In the present study, the expression of 4 miRNAs (hsa-let-7d, hsa-miR-98, hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-218) was analyzed in 13 JAs and 3 deepithelized inferior nasal turbinates that were used as control tissue. The miRNA expression of hsa-let-7d (P=0.158) and hsa-miR-98 (P=0.069) was not statistically different between the two tissue types, however, a significant decrease in expression was observed for hsa-miR-125a-5p (P=0.037) and hsa-miR-218 (P=0.009) in JAs compared to inferior nasal turbinates. As downregulation of miRNA 218 has been recently shown to result in stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, the present data indicates further evidence for the importance of the Wnt-signaling pathway in JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Lerner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Silke Wemmert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Hartmann A, Schlomm T, Bertz S, Heinzelmann J, Hölters S, Simon R, Stoehr R, Junker K. [Prognostic and predictive molecular markers for urologic cancers]. Urologe A 2014; 53:491-500. [PMID: 24700189 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular prognostic factors and genetic alterations as predictive markers for cancer-specific targeted therapies are used today in the clinic for many malignancies. In recent years, many molecular markers for urogenital cancers have also been identified. However, these markers are not clinically used yet. In prostate cancer, novel next-generation sequencing methods revealed a detailed picture of the molecular changes. There is growing evidence that a combination of classical histopathological and validated molecular markers could lead to a more precise estimation of prognosis, thus, resulting in an increasing number of patients with active surveillance as a possible treatment option. In patients with urothelial carcinoma, histopathological factors but also the proliferation of the tumor, mutations in oncogenes leading to an increasing proliferation rate and changes in genes responsible for invasion and metastasis are important. In addition, gene expression profiles which could distinguish aggressive tumors with high risk of metastasis from nonmetastasizing tumors have been recently identified. In the future, this could potentially allow better selection of patients needing systemic perioperative treatment. In renal cell carcinoma, many molecular markers that are associated with metastasis and survival have been identified. Some of these markers were also validated as independent prognostic markers. Selection of patients with primarily organ-confined tumors and increased risk of metastasis for adjuvant systemic therapy could be clinically relevant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hartmann
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
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