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Mohammadi F, Dikpati A, Bertrand N, Rudkowska I. Encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid and ruminant trans fatty acids to study the prevention of metabolic syndrome-a review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:262-276. [PMID: 37221703 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the potential benefits of consuming conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFAs) in reducing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, encapsulation of CLA and R-TFAs may improve their oral delivery and further decrease the risk factors of MetS. The objectives of this review were (1) to discuss the advantages of encapsulation; (2) to compare the materials and techniques used for encapsulating CLA and R-TFAs; and (3) to review the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs on MetS risk factors. Examination of papers citing micro- and nano-encapsulation methods used in food sciences, as well as the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs, was conducted using the PubMed database. A total of 84 papers were examined; of these, 18 studies were selected that contained information on the effects of encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs. The 18 studies that described encapsulation of CLA or R-TFAs indicated that micro- or nano-encapsulation processes stabilized CLA and prevented oxidation. CLA was mainly encapsulated using carbohydrates or proteins. So far, oil-in-water emulsification followed by spray-drying were the frequently used techniques for encapsulation of CLA. Further, 4 studies investigated the effects of encapsulated CLA on MetS risk factors compared with non-encapsulated CLA. A limited number of studies investigated the encapsulation of R-TFAs. The effects of encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs on the risk factors for MetS remain understudied; thus, additional studies comparing the effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mohammadi
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Amrita Dikpati
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Gambari L, Cellamare A, Grassi F, Grigolo B, Panciera A, Ruffilli A, Faldini C, Desando G. Targeting the Inflammatory Hallmarks of Obesity-Associated Osteoarthritis: Towards Nutraceutical-Oriented Preventive and Complementary Therapeutic Strategies Based on n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119340. [PMID: 37298291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity (Ob), which has dramatically increased in the last decade, is one of the main risk factors that contribute to the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Targeting the characteristics of obesity-associated osteoarthritis (ObOA) may offer new chances for precision medicine strategies in this patient cohort. First, this review outlines how the medical perspective of ObOA has shifted from a focus on biomechanics to the significant contribution of inflammation, mainly mediated by changes in the adipose tissue metabolism through the release of adipokines and the modification of fatty acid (FA) compositions in joint tissues. Preclinical and clinical studies on n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) are critically reviewed to outline the strengths and weaknesses of n-3 PUFAs' role in alleviating inflammatory, catabolic and painful processes. Emphasis is placed on potential preventive and therapeutic nutritional strategies based on n-3 PUFAs, with a focus on ObOA patients who could specifically benefit from reformulating the dietary composition of FAs towards a protective phenotype. Finally, tissue engineering approaches that involve the delivery of n-3 PUFAs directly into the joint are explored to address the perspectives and current limitations, such as safety and stability issues, for implementing preventive and therapeutic strategies based on dietary compounds in ObOA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Cellamare
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Grassi
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Panciera
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruffilli
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Desando
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Jung EY, Lee SY, Lee DY, Kim OY, Park Y, Hur SJ. Effect of encapsulated edible halophyte with different biopolymers on the inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1972-1979. [PMID: 33841815 PMCID: PMC8020925 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible halophyte Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with biopolymers on inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse. Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with four biopolymers (pectin, chitosan, cellulose and dextrin) were fed to mice for 48 hr, and inhibiting sodium absorption was measured. In primary in vitro condition, fresh Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% cellulose had 40% binding rate. Juice residue Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% chitosan had the highest sodium binding rate by 50%. In mouse model, fresh, juice, and juice residue of Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 4% chitosan had the highest sodium absorption inhibitory rate by 19%. These results indicate that biopolymer-encapsulated Salicornia herbacea could be combined with sodium under in vitro condition, and Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with biopolymers reduced sodium absorption in a mouse model. Chitosan and cellulose had the highest sodium absorption inhibitory effects compared with the other biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jung
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong‐siKorea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong‐siKorea
| | - Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong‐siKorea
| | - On You Kim
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong‐siKorea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong‐siKorea
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Visentini FF, Ferrado JB, Perez AA, Santiago LG. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of inclusion complexes based on ovalbumin nanoparticles and conjugated linoleic acid. Food Funct 2019; 10:2630-2641. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovalbumin delivery system of conjugated linoleic acid resists in vitro gastrointestinal digestion with high percentages of bioactive retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia F. Visentini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina
- CONICET
- Argentina
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
| | - Joana B. Ferrado
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral
- Santa Fe (3000)
| | - Adrián A. Perez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina
- CONICET
- Argentina
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
| | - Liliana G. Santiago
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral
- Santa Fe (3000)
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Development of Sausage with Inhibition of 60% Sodium Intake, Using Biopolymer Encapsulation Technology and Sodium Replacers. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-2020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu HY, Lee S, Lee SY, Lee SK, Hur SJ. Effect of dietary bioactive compounds and biopolymer encapsulated lipids on metabolism of lipids in high fat diet‐fed mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang Yu
- Department of Bioresources and Food ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seung‐Jae Lee
- Natural Product Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)JeongeupKorea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong,Korea
| | - Si Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioresources and Food ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang UniversityAnseong,Korea
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Kim Y, Kim D, Park Y. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) promotes endurance capacity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ-mediated mechanism in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:125-133. [PMID: 27736732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it was reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with exercise training potentially improved endurance capacity via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ)-mediated mechanism in mice. This study determined the role of exercise and/or CLA in endurance capacity and PPARδ-associated regulators. Male 129Sv/J mice were fed either control (soybean oil) or CLA (0.5%) containing diets for 4 weeks and were further divided into sedentary or training regimes. CLA supplementation significantly reduced body weight and fat mass independent of exercise during the experimental period. Endurance capacity was significantly improved by CLA supplementation, while no effect of exercise was observed. Similarly, CLA treatment significantly increased expressions of sirtuin 1 and PPARγ coactivator-1α, up-stream regulators of PPARδ, in both sedentary and trained animals. With respect to downstream markers of PPARδ, CLA up-regulated the key biomarker needed to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, nuclear respiratory factor 1. Moreover, CLA supplementation significantly induced overall genes associated with muscle fibers, such as type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast twitch). Taken together, it suggests that CLA improves endurance capacity independent of mild-intensity exercise via PPARδ-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Lee JS, Lim JN, Wang T, Lee SB, Hwang JH, Jung US, Kim MJ, Choi SH, Ishizuka S, Lee HG. Physiological concentrations of trans-11 18:1 vaccenic acid suppress pro-inflammatory markers under acute inflammation in isolated ICR mice splenocytes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:275-281. [PMID: 30263268 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct influences of dietary trans-11 18:1 vaccenic acid (TVA) at physiological concentrations of 50-200 μM were evaluated for cell growth, cytotoxic activity, and cytokine production in leukocytes isolated from the mouse spleen. TVA supplementation for 24 h induced growth of splenocytes at concentrations of 50-200 μM, except for 100 μM. The cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-10 of splenocytes were stimulated by 100 μM TVA. Induced production of TNFα in splenocytes challenged with lipopolisaccharides was suppressed by 100 μM TVA. Physiological levels of TVA had direct effects on growth and cytokine production in splenocytes. Further in vivo studies are needed to improve understanding of the precise influence of trans fatty acids on production of pro-inflammatory markers under acute inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lee
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Ji-Na Lim
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Tao Wang
- 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Sang-Bum Lee
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Hwang
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - U-Suk Jung
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- 3Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644 Korea
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- 4Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808 Japan
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
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Kim Y, Kim J, Whang KY, Park Y. Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Lipids 2016; 51:159-78. [PMID: 26729488 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jonggun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Hur SJ, Lee SY, Lee SJ. Effect of biopolymer encapsulation on the digestibility of lipid and cholesterol oxidation products in beef during in vitro human digestion. Food Chem 2015; 166:254-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pasture v. standard dairy cream in high-fat diet-fed mice: improved metabolic outcomes and stronger intestinal barrier. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:520-35. [PMID: 24932525 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products derived from the milk of cows fed in pastures are characterised by higher amounts of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and several studies have shown their ability to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, their specific metabolic effects compared with standard dairy in a high-fat diet (HFD) context remain largely unknown; this is what we determined in the present study with a focus on the metabolic and intestinal parameters. The experimental animals were fed for 12 weeks a HFD containing 20 % fat in the form of a pasture dairy cream (PDC) or a standard dairy cream (SDC). Samples of plasma, liver, white adipose tissue, duodenum, jejunum and colon were analysed. The PDC mice, despite a higher food intake, exhibited lower fat mass, plasma and hepatic TAG concentrations, and inflammation in the adipose tissue than the SDC mice. Furthermore, they exhibited a higher expression of hepatic PPARα mRNA and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 mRNA, suggesting an enhanced oxidative activity of the tissues. These results might be explained, in part, by the higher amounts of ALA in the PDC diet and in the liver and adipose tissue of the PDC mice. Moreover, the PDC diet was found to increase the proportions of two strategic cell populations involved in the protective function of the intestinal epithelium, namely Paneth and goblet cells in the small intestine and colon, compared with the SDC diet. In conclusion, a PDC HFD leads to improved metabolic outcomes and to a stronger gut barrier compared with a SDC HFD. This may be due, at least in part, to the protective mechanisms induced by specific lipids.
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Effects of Biopolymers Encapsulations on the Lipid Digestibility of Emulsion-Type Sausages Using a Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Digestion Model. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hur SJ, Kim DH, Chun SC, Lee SK. Effect of adenovirus and influenza virus infection on obesity. Life Sci 2013; 93:531-5. [PMID: 24007799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of adenovirus and influenza virus infections on obesity in various experimental models. We reviewed studies that were conducted within the past 10 years and were related to virus infection and obesity prevalence. Here, we discuss a different causal relationship between adenovirus and influenza infections with obesity. Adenovirus infection can cause obesity, whereas obesity can be a risk factor for increasing influenza virus infection and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of obesity due to adenovirus infections may be due to an increase in glucose uptake and reduction in lipolysis caused by an increase in corticosterone secretion. Adenovirus infections may lead to increases in appetite by decreasing norepinephrine and leptin levels and also cause immune dysfunction. The relationship between obesity and influenza virus infection could be summarized by the following features: decreases in memory T-cell functionality and interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA expression, increases in viral titer and infiltration, and impaired dendritic cell function in obese individuals. Moreover, leptin resistance may play an important role in increasing influenza virus infections in obese individuals. In conclusion, prevention of adenovirus infections could be a good approach for reducing obesity prevalence, and prevention of obesity could reduce influenza virus infections from the point of view of viral infections and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Hur SJ, Kim YC, Choi I, Lee SK. The effects of biopolymer encapsulation on total lipids and cholesterol in egg yolk during in vitro human digestion. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16333-47. [PMID: 23965957 PMCID: PMC3759914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of biopolymer encapsulation on the digestion of total lipids and cholesterol in egg yolk using an in vitro human digestion model. Egg yolks were encapsulated with 1% cellulose, pectin, or chitosan. The samples were then passed through an in vitro human digestion model that simulated the composition of mouth saliva, stomach acid, and the intestinal juice of the small intestine by using a dialysis tubing system. The change in digestion of total lipids was monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The digestion rate of total lipids and cholesterol in all egg yolk samples dramatically increased after in vitro human digestion. The digestion rate of total lipids and cholesterol in egg yolks encapsulated with chitosan or pectin was reduced compared to the digestion rate of total lipids and cholesterol in other egg yolk samples. Egg yolks encapsulated with pectin or chitosan had lower free fatty acid content, and lipid oxidation values than samples without biopolymer encapsulation. Moreover, the lipase activity decreased, after in vitro digestion, in egg yolks encapsulated with biopolymers. These results improve our understanding of the effects of digestion on total lipids and cholesterol in egg yolk within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jin Hur
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0469; Fax: +82-2-450-3726
| | - Young-Chan Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Inwook Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 1201-62 Anyangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Korea; E-Mails: (Y.-C.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Si-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea; E-Mail:
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Hur SJ, Kim DH, Chun SC, Lee SK, Keum YS. Effects of biopolymer encapsulation on trans fatty acid digestibility in an in vitro human digestion system. Food Funct 2013; 4:1827-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60327j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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