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Song WH, Lim YS, Kim JE, Kang HY, Lee C, Rajbongshi L, Hwang SY, Oh SO, Kim BS, Lee D, Song YJ, Yoon S. A Marine Collagen-Based 3D Scaffold for In Vitro Modeling of Human Prostate Cancer Niche and Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Discovery. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:295. [PMID: 39057404 PMCID: PMC11277582 DOI: 10.3390/md22070295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the need to develop a robust three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system that serves as a valuable in vitro tumor model has been emphasized. This system should closely mimic the tumor growth behaviors observed in vivo and replicate the key elements and characteristics of human tumors for the effective discovery and development of anti-tumor therapeutics. Therefore, in this study, we developed an effective 3D in vitro model of human prostate cancer (PC) using a marine collagen-based biomimetic 3D scaffold. The model displayed distinctive molecular profiles and cellular properties compared with those of the 2D PC cell culture. This was evidenced by (1) increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and chemoresistance; (2) upregulated expression of crucial multidrug-resistance- and cancer-stemness-related genes; (3) heightened expression of key molecules associated with malignant progressions, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors, Notch, matrix metalloproteinases, and pluripotency biomarkers; (4) robust enrichment of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs); and (5) enhanced expression of integrins. These results suggest that our 3D in vitro PC model has the potential to serve as a research platform for studying PC and prostate CSC biology, as well as for screening novel therapies targeting PC and prostate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hoon Song
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital and Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ye Seon Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Yeong Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Changyong Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
| | - Lata Rajbongshi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon Yeong Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Jung Song
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital and Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.L.); (J.-E.K.); (H.Y.K.); (C.L.); (L.R.); (S.Y.H.); (S.-O.O.)
- Immune Reconstitution Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea;
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Chang HW, Park JJ, Lee WH, Kim SH, Lee JC, Nam HY, Kim MR, Han MW, Lee YS, Kim SY, Kim SW. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-dependent sirtuin-3 determines sensitivity to glucose starvation in radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111029. [PMID: 38163576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial function as a mitochondrial deacetylase during oxidative stress. However, the specific regulatory mechanism and function of SIRT3 in radioresistant cancer cells are unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate how SIRT3 determines the susceptibility to glucose deprivation and its regulation in p53-based radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. We observed mitochondrial function using two established isogenic radioresistant subclones (HN3R-A [p53 null] and HN3R-B [p53 R282W]) with intratumoral p53 heterogeneity. Cell counting analysis was performed to evaluate cell proliferation and cell death. The correlation between the regulation of SIRT3 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was confirmed by immunoblotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. p53-deficient radioresistant cells (HN3R-A) expression reduced SIRT3 levels and increased sensitivity to glucose deprivation due to mitochondrial dysfunction compared to other cells. In these cells, activation of SIRT3 significantly prevented glucose deprivation-induced cell death, whereas the loss of SIRT3 increased the susceptibility to glucose deficiency. We discovered that radiation-induced EZH2 directly binds to the SIRT3 promoter and represses the expression. Conversely, inhibiting EZH2 increased the expression of SIRT3 through epigenetic changes. Our findings indicate that p53-deficient radioresistant cells with enhanced EZH2 exhibit increased sensitivity to glucose deprivation due to SIRT3 suppression. The regulation of SIRT3 by EZH2 plays a critical role in determining the cell response to glucose deficiency in radioresistant cancer cells. Therefore, EZH2-dependent SIRT3 could be used as a predictive biomarker to select treatment options for patients with radiation-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Je Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyeok Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Se Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Li H, Wang H, Cui Y, Jiang W, Zhan H, Feng L, Gao M, Zhao K, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhao N, Li Y, Liu P. EZH2 regulates pancreatic cancer cells through E2F1, GLI1, CDK3, and Mcm4. Hereditas 2023; 160:23. [PMID: 37198697 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in digestive tract. To explore the role of epigenetic factor EZH2 in the malignant proliferation of PC, so as to provide effective medical help in PC. Sixty paraffin sections of PC were collected and the expression of EZH2 in PC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Three normal pancreas tissue samples were used as controls. The regulation of EZH2 gene on proliferation and migration of normal pancreatic cell and PC cell were determined by MTS, colony forming, Ki-67 antibody, scratch and Transwell assays. Through differential gene annotation and differential gene signaling pathway analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell proliferation were selected and verified by RT-qPCR. EZH2 is mainly expressed in the nuclei of pancreatic tumor cells, but not in normal pancreatic cells. The results of cell function experiments showed that EZH2 overexpression could enhance the proliferation and migration ability of PC cell BXPC-3. Cell proliferation ability increased by 38% compared to the control group. EZH2 knockdown resulted in reduced proliferation and migration ability of cells. Compared with control, proliferation ability of cells reduced by 16%-40%. The results of bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data and RT-qPCR demonstrated that EZH2 could regulate the expression of E2F1, GLI1, CDK3 and Mcm4 in normal and PC cells. The results revealed that EZH2 might regulate the proliferation of normal pancreatic cell and PC cell through E2F1, GLI1, CDK3 and Mcm4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Department of Gastric Cancer, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lixia Feng
- Department of Nursing, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Konggang Hospital, Tianjin, 300300, China
| | - Mingyou Gao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kuo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaojing Xie
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Health Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China.
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Chen C, Wang Z, Qin Y. Connections between metabolism and epigenetics: mechanisms and novel anti-cancer strategy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935536. [PMID: 35935878 PMCID: PMC9354823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptations to sustain their growth and proliferation under several stress conditions thereby displaying metabolic plasticity. Epigenetic modification is known to occur at the DNA, histone, and RNA level, which can alter chromatin state. For almost a century, our focus in cancer biology is dominated by oncogenic mutations. Until recently, the connection between metabolism and epigenetics in a reciprocal manner was spotlighted. Explicitly, several metabolites serve as substrates and co-factors of epigenetic enzymes to carry out post-translational modifications of DNA and histone. Genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes facilitate the production of oncometabolites that ultimately impact epigenetics. Numerous evidences also indicate epigenome is sensitive to cancer metabolism. Conversely, epigenetic dysfunction is certified to alter metabolic enzymes leading to tumorigenesis. Further, the bidirectional relationship between epigenetics and metabolism can impact directly and indirectly on immune microenvironment, which might create a new avenue for drug discovery. Here we summarize the effects of metabolism reprogramming on epigenetic modification, and vice versa; and the latest advances in targeting metabolism-epigenetic crosstalk. We also discuss the principles linking cancer metabolism, epigenetics and immunity, and seek optimal immunotherapy-based combinations.
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Wolf I, Gratzke C, Wolf P. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Clinical Aspects and Targeted Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935715. [PMID: 35875084 PMCID: PMC9304860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and successful improvements in diagnosis and therapy, prostate cancer (PC) remains a major challenge. In recent years, it has become clear that PC stem cells (PCSCs) are the driving force in tumorigenesis, relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of PC. In this minireview, we discuss the impact of PCSCs in the clinical practice. Moreover, new therapeutic approaches to combat PCSCs are presented with the aim to achieve an improved outcome for patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Philipp Wolf,
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Cancer Stem Cell Markers for Urinary Carcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3611677. [PMID: 35342431 PMCID: PMC8941535 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3611677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) refers to cancer cells with stem cell properties, that is, they have the ability of “self-renewal” and “differentiation.” Cancer stem cells exist in cancer cells and are the “culprit” of cancer recurrence and metastasis. It is difficult to be found because of its small amount, and it is difficult for anticancer drugs to produce effects on it. At present, the isolation and identification of cancer stem cells from many solid tumors are still quite difficult, mainly due to the lack of specific molecular markers of cancer stem cells. In this review, cancer stem cell surface markers and functional markers in urinary system were summarized. These markers can provide molecular targets for cancer therapy.
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Dong Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Gu Y, Xu H, Major P, Tang D. Insights of RKIP-Derived Suppression of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246388. [PMID: 34945007 PMCID: PMC8699807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite an intensive research effort in the past few decades, prostate cancer (PC) remains a top cause of cancer death in men, particularly in the developed world. The major cause of fatality is the progression of local prostate cancer to metastasis disease. Treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is generally ineffective. Based on the discovery of mPC relying on androgen for growth, many patients with mPC show an initial response to the standard of care: androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, lethal castration resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) commonly develop. It is widely accepted that intervention of metastatic progression of PC is a critical point of intervention to reduce PC death. Accumulative evidence reveals a role of RKIP in suppression of PC progression towards mPC. We will review current evidence and discuss the potential utilization of RKIP in preventing mPC progression. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is a major cause of cancer death in men. The disease has a great disparity in prognosis. Although low grade PCs with Gleason scores ≤ 6 are indolent, high-risk PCs are likely to relapse and metastasize. The standard of care for metastatic PC (mPC) remains androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Resistance commonly occurs in the form of castration resistant PC (CRPC). Despite decades of research efforts, CRPC remains lethal. Understanding of mechanisms underpinning metastatic progression represents the overarching challenge in PC research. This progression is regulated by complex mechanisms, including those regulating PC cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Among this PC metastatic network lies an intriguing suppressor of PC metastasis: the Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP). Clinically, the RKIP protein is downregulated in PC, and showed further reduction in mPC. In xenograft mouse models for PC, RKIP inhibits metastasis. In vitro, RKIP reduces PC cell invasion and sensitizes PC cells to therapeutic treatments. Mechanistically, RKIP suppresses Raf-MEK-ERK activation and EMT, and modulates extracellular matrix. In return, Snail, NFκB, and the polycomb protein EZH2 contribute to inhibition of RKIP expression. In this review, we will thoroughly analyze RKIP’s tumor suppression actions in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Hui Xu
- The Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35168)
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Slabáková E, Kahounová Z, Procházková J, Souček K. Regulation of Neuroendocrine-like Differentiation in Prostate Cancer by Non-Coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040075. [PMID: 34940756 PMCID: PMC8704250 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a variant of prostate cancer that occurs in response to treatment resistance or, to a much lesser extent, de novo. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind transdifferentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cancer cells is essential for development of new treatment opportunities. This review focuses on summarizing the role of small molecules, predominantly microRNAs, in this phenomenon. A published literature search was performed to identify microRNAs, which are reported and experimentally validated to modulate neuroendocrine markers and/or regulators and to affect the complex neuroendocrine phenotype. Next, available patients’ expression datasets were surveyed to identify deregulated microRNAs, and their effect on NEPC and prostate cancer progression is summarized. Finally, possibilities of miRNA detection and quantification in body fluids of prostate cancer patients and their possible use as liquid biopsy in prostate cancer monitoring are discussed. All the addressed clinical and experimental contexts point to an association of NEPC with upregulation of miR-375 and downregulation of miR-34a and miR-19b-3p. Together, this review provides an overview of different roles of non-coding RNAs in the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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9
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Zhang T, Gong Y, Meng H, Li C, Xue L. Symphony of epigenetic and metabolic regulation-interaction between the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and metabolism of tumor. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:72. [PMID: 32448308 PMCID: PMC7245796 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. As the master epigenetic regulator, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) suppresses gene transcription mainly by catalyzing the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and exerts highly enzymatic activity in cancer cells. Cancer cells undergo the profound metabolic reprogramming and manifest the distinct metabolic profile. The emerging studies have explored that EZH2 is involved in altering the metabolic profiles of tumor cells by multiple pathways, which cover glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Meanwhile, the stability and methyltransferase activity of EZH2 can be also affected by the metabolic activity of tumor cells through various mechanisms, including post-translational modification. In this review, we have summarized the correlation between EZH2 and cellular metabolic activity during tumor progression and drug treatment. Finally, as a promising target, we proposed a novel strategy through a combination of EZH2 inhibitors with metabolic regulators for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengrui Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yueqing Gong
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hui Meng
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chen Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191 China
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Rai N, Singh AK, Singh SK, Gaurishankar B, Kamble SC, Mishra P, Kotiya D, Barik S, Atri N, Gautam V. Recent technological advancements in stem cell research for targeted therapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1147-1169. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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O'Reilly D, Johnson P, Buchanan PJ. Hypoxia induced cancer stem cell enrichment promotes resistance to androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. Steroids 2019; 152:108497. [PMID: 31521707 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main treatment to prolong survival in advance stage prostate cancer (PCa) but associated resistance leads to the development of terminal castrate resistant PCa (CRPC). Current research demonstrates that prostate cancer stem cells (PCSC) play a critical role in the development of treatment resistance and subsequent disease progression. Despite uncertainty surrounding the origin of these cells, studies clearly show they are associated with poorer outcomes and that ADT significantly enhances their numbers. Here in we highlight how activation of HIF signalling, in response to hypoxic conditions within the tumour microenvironment, results in the expression of genes associated with stemness and EMT promoting PCSC emergence which ultimately drives tumour relapse to CRPC. Hypoxic conditions are not only enhanced by ADT but the associated decrease in AR activation also promotes PI3K/AKT signalling which actively enhances HIF and its effects on PCSC's. Furthermore, emerging evidence now indicates that HIF-2α, rather than the commonly considered HIF-1α, is the main family member that drives PCSC emergence. Taken together this clearly identifies HIF and associated pathways as key targets for new therapeutic strategies that could potentially prevent or slow PCSC promoted resistance to ADT, thus holding potential to prolong patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie O'Reilly
- School of Nursing & Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia Johnson
- School of Nursing & Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J Buchanan
- School of Nursing & Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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De La Rosa J, Urdiciain A, Zazpe I, Zelaya MV, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Idoate MA, Castresana JS. The synergistic effect of DZ‑NEP, panobinostat and temozolomide reduces clonogenicity and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:283-300. [PMID: 31746375 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment against glioblastoma consists of surgical resection followed by temozolomide, with or without combined radiotherapy. Glioblastoma frequently acquires resistance to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Novel therapeutic approaches are thus required. The inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; a histone methylase) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are possible epigenetic treatments. Temozolomide, 3‑deazaneplanocin A (DZ‑Nep; an EZH2 inhibitor) and panobinostat (an HDAC inhibitor) were tested in regular and temozolomide‑resistant glioblastoma cells to confirm whether the compounds could behave in a synergistic, additive or antagonistic manner. A total of six commercial cell lines, two temozolomide‑induced resistant cell lines and two primary cultures derived from glioblastoma samples were used. Cell lines were exposed to single treatments of the drugs in addition to all possible two‑ and three‑drug combinations. Colony formation assays, synergistic assays and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis of apoptosis‑associated genes were performed. The highest synergistic combination was DZ‑Nep + panobinostat. Triple treatment was also synergistic. Reduced clonogenicity and increased apoptosis were both induced. It was concluded that the therapeutic potential of the combination of these three drugs in glioblastoma was evident and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De La Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Urdiciain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoya Zazpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María V Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Complex of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Meléndez
- Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Virgen de la Salud Hospital, 45005 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan A Rey
- IdiPaz Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Idoate
- Department of Pathology, University of Navarra Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier S Castresana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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13
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Frame FM, Maitland NJ. Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression in the Normal and Malignant Human Prostate: A Rapid Response Which Promotes Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2437. [PMID: 31108832 PMCID: PMC6566891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful prostate cancer must be capable of changing its phenotype in response to a variety of microenvironmental influences, such as adaptation to treatment or successful proliferation at a particular metastatic site. New cell phenotypes emerge by selection from the large, genotypically heterogeneous pool of candidate cells present within any tumor mass, including a distinct stem cell-like population. In such a multicellular model of human prostate cancer, flexible responses are primarily governed not only by de novo mutations but appear to be dominated by a combination of epigenetic controls, whose application results in treatment resistance and tumor relapse. Detailed studies of these individual cell populations have resulted in an epigenetic model for epithelial cell differentiation, which is also instructive in explaining the reported high and inevitable relapse rates of human prostate cancers to a multitude of treatment types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Frame
- The Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Norman J Maitland
- The Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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14
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Cai Q, Niu H, Zhang B, Shi X, Liao M, Chen Z, Mo D, He Z, Chen Y, Cong P. Effect of EZH2 knockdown on preimplantation development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Theriogenology 2019; 132:95-105. [PMID: 31004879 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The EZH2 protein endows the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) with histone lysine methyltransferase activity that is associated with transcriptional repression. Recent investigations have documented crucial roles for EZH2 in mediating X-inactivation, stem cell pluripotency and cancer metastasis. However, there is little evidence demonstrating the maternal effect of EZH2 on porcine preimplantation development. Here, we took parthenogenetic activation embryos to eliminate the confounding paternal influence. We showed that the dynamic expression of EZH2 during early development was accompanied by changes in H3K27me3 levels. Depletion of EZH2 in MII oocytes by small interfering RNA not only impaired embryonic development at the blastocyst stage (P < 0.05), but also disrupted the equilibrium of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in the embryo. Interestingly, the expression of TET1, a member of Ten-Eleven Translocation gene family for converting 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), was decreased after EZH2 knockdown, in contrast to the increase of the other two members, TET2 and TET3 (P < 0.05). These results indicate a correlation between histone methylation and DNA methylation, and between EZH2 and TET1. Along with the downregulation of TET1, the expression of the pluripotency gene NANOG was decreased (P < 0.05), which is consistent with a previous finding in mouse ES cells. Meanwhile, the abundance of OCT4 and SOX2 were also down-regulated. Moreover, EZH2 knockdown reduced the capacity of cells in the blastocysts to resist apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that EZH2 is integral to the developmental program of porcine parthenogenetic embryos and exerts its function by regulating pluripotency, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiran Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengqin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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15
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The Contributions of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer Initiation and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040434. [PMID: 30934773 PMCID: PMC6521153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decade has clearly revealed a critical role of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) in prostate cancer (PC). Prostate stem cells (PSCs) reside in both basal and luminal layers, and are the target cells of oncogenic transformation, suggesting a role of PCSCs in PC initiation. Mutations in PTEN, TP53, and RB1 commonly occur in PC, particularly in metastasis and castration-resistant PC. The loss of PTEN together with Ras activation induces partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major mechanism that confers plasticity to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and PCSCs, which contributes to metastasis. While PTEN inactivation leads to PC, it is not sufficient for metastasis, the loss of PTEN concurrently with the inactivation of both TP53 and RB1 empower lineage plasticity in PC cells, which substantially promotes PC metastasis and the conversion to PC adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine PC (NEPC), demonstrating the essential function of TP53 and RB1 in the suppression of PCSCs. TP53 and RB1 suppress lineage plasticity through the inhibition of SOX2 expression. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence supporting a major role of PCSCs in PC initiation and metastasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms regulating PCSCs. These discussions will be developed along with the cancer stem cell (CSC) knowledge in other cancer types.
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16
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Targeting Ezh2 could overcome docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:27. [PMID: 30621625 PMCID: PMC6324167 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Docetaxel was used to treat metastatic CRPC patients. However, Doc resistance in prostate cancer (PCa) hinders its clinical application. Objective To understand the underlying mechanisms by which Doc resistance is developed and to find novel therapeutic target to cure Doc resistant PCa has clinical importance. Methods We established Doc resistant cell lines and explored the role of Ezh2 in the development of Doc resistance by overexpressing its cDNA or using its inhibitor. Results We found that Ezh2 was induced in our established Doc resistant (DocR) cells, which was attributable to the silenced expression of miR-101-3p and miR-138-5p. Blockage of Ezh2 activity by either inhibitor or miRNA mimics could overcome Doc resistance by suppressing Doc-induced cancer stem cells populations. Mechanistically, Ezh2 activity was required for the induced expression of Nanog, Sox2 and CD44 upon Doc treatment. Conclusions Targeting Ezh2 could overcome Doc resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5228-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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17
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miR-1301-3p promotes prostate cancer stem cell expansion by targeting SFRP1 and GSK3β. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:369-374. [PMID: 29358129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells promote tumor progression, drug-resistance, and relapse, and many microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the expansion of cancer stem cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-1301-3p in the expansion of prostate cancer stem cells; miR-1301-3p was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer cells and tissues compared with normal prostate cells and tissues. Sphere formation and side population assays suggested that miR-1301-3p promoted the expansion of prostate cancer stem cells, and increased the expression of prostate cancer stem cell-associated genes, such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, CD44, KLF4, c-MYC, and MMP2. MiR-1301-3p targeted Wnt pathway inhibitors, GSK3β and SFRP1, and inhibited their expression by directly binding to their 3' untranslated regions. TOP/FOP luciferase assays suggested that miR-1301-3p activated the Wnt pathway, which was confirmed by increased β-catenin expression in the nucleus. Furthermore, the miR-1301-3p level correlated negatively with GSK3β and SFRP1 in prostate cancer tissues. In summary, we found that miR-1301-3p promoted the expansion of prostate cancer stem cells by inhibiting GSK3β and SFRP1, and activating the Wnt pathway.
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18
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Soundararajan R, Paranjape AN, Maity S, Aparicio A, Mani SA. EMT, stemness and tumor plasticity in aggressive variant neuroendocrine prostate cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:229-238. [PMID: 29981816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine/Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers are lethal variants of the disease, with an aggressive clinical course and very short responses to conventional therapy. The age-adjusted incidence rate for this tumor sub-type has steadily increased over the past 20 years in the United States, with no reduction in the associated mortality rate. The molecular networks fueling its emergence and sustenance are still obscure; however, many factors have been associated with the onset and progression of neuroendocrine differentiation in clinically typical adenocarcinomas including loss of androgen-receptor expression and/or signaling, conventional therapy, and dysregulated cytokine function. "Tumor-plasticity" and the ability to dedifferentiate into alternate cell lineages are central to this process. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) signaling pathways are major promoters of stem-cell properties in prostate tumor cells. In this review, we examine the contributions of EMT-induced cellular-plasticity and stem-cell signaling pathways to the progression of Neuroendocrine/Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers in the light of potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Anurag N Paranjape
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sankar Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Zekri ARN, El-Sisi ER, Youssef ASED, Kamel MM, Nassar A, Ahmed OS, El Kassas M, Barakat AB, Abd El-Motaleb AI, Bahnassy AA. MicroRNA Signatures for circulating CD133-positive cells in hepatocellular carcinoma with HCV infection. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534065 PMCID: PMC5849309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Molecular characterization of the CD133+ stem cells associated with hepatocarinogensis through identifying the expression patterns of specific microRNAs (miRNAs). METHODS We investigated the expression pattern of 13 miRNAs in purified CD133+ cells separated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, chronic hepatitis C (CHC), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients a long with bone marrow samples from the healthy volunteers and the LC patients using custom miScript miRNA PCR array. RESULTS The differential expression of the 13 studied miRNAs in CD133+ cells separated from the HCC patients' peripheral blood compared to the controls revealed that miR-602, miR-181b, miR-101, miR-122, miR-192, miR-125a-5p, and miR-221 were significantly up regulated (fold change = 1.8, 1.7, 2, 5.4, 1.6, 2.9 & 1.5 P value = 0.039, 0.0019, 0.0013, 0.0370, 00024, 0.000044 &0.000007 respectively). As for the HCC group compared to the CHC group; miR-602, miR-122, miR-181b, miR-125a-5p, and miR-192 were significantly up regulated (fold change = 13, 3.1, 2.8, 1.6 & 1.56, P value = 0.01, 0.001, 0.000004, 0.002 & 0.007 respectively). Upon comparing the HCC group to the LC group; miR-199a-3p, miR-192, miR-122, miR-181b, miR-224, miR-125a-5p, and miR-885-5p were significantly up regulated (fold change = 5, 6.7, 2.3, 3, 2.5, 4.2 & 39.5 P value = 0.001025, 0.000024, 0.000472, 0.000278, 0.000004, 0.000075 & 0.0000001 respectively) whereas miR-22 was significantly down regulated (fold change = 0.57 P value = 0.00002). Only, miR-192, miR-122, miR-181b and miR-125a-5p were significant common miRNAs in CD133+ cells of the HCC group compared to the other non-malignant groups. CONCLUSION We identified a miRNA panel comprised of four miRNAs (miR-192, miR-122, miR-181b and miR-125a-5p) that may serve as a molecular tool for characterization of the CD133+ cells associated with different stages of hepatocarinogensis. This panel may aid in developing a new target therapy specific for those CD133+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Enas Reda El-Sisi
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Auhood Nassar
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Sayed Ahmed
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Photobiology and Molecular Biology Department, Laser Institute for Research and Applications (LIRA), Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | | | - Abeer A. Bahnassy
- Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics Unit, Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Christofides A, Karantanos T, Bardhan K, Boussiotis VA. Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85624-85640. [PMID: 27793053 PMCID: PMC5356764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins regulate chromatin structure and have an important regulatory role on gene expression in various cell types. Two polycomb group complexes (Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2)) have been identified in mammalian cells. Both PRC1 and PRC2 compact chromatin, and also catalyze histone modifications. PRC1 mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A, whereas PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27. These alterations of histones can lead to altered gene expression patterns by regulating chromatin structure. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the PRC2 catalytic component enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in neoplastic development and progression, and EZH2 mutations have been identified in various malignancies. Through modulating the expression of critical genes, EZH2 is actively involved in fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition to cancer cells, EZH2 also has a decisive role in the differentiation and function of T effector and T regulatory cells. In this review we summarize the recent progress regarding the role of EZH2 in human malignancies, highlight the molecular mechanisms by which EZH2 aberrations promote the pathogenesis of cancer, and discuss the anti-tumor effects of EZH2 targeting via activating direct anti-cancer mechanisms and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,General Internal Medicine Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kankana Bardhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Bone Metastasis. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8629234. [PMID: 28690641 PMCID: PMC5485361 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8629234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic or recurrent tumors are the primary cause of cancer-related death. For prostate cancer, patients diagnosed with local disease have a 99% 5-year survival rate; however, this 5-year survival rate drops to 28% in patients with metastatic disease. This dramatic decline in survival has driven interest in discovering new markers able to identify tumors likely to recur and in developing new methods to prevent metastases from occurring. Biomarker discovery for aggressive tumor cells includes attempts to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are defined as tumor cells capable of self-renewal and regenerating the entire tumor heterogeneity. Thus, it is hypothesized that CSCs may drive primary tumor aggressiveness, metastatic colonization, and therapeutic relapse. The ability to identify these cells in the primary tumor or circulation would provide prognostic information capable of driving prostate cancer treatment decisions. Further, the ability to target these CSCs could prevent tumor metastasis and relapse after therapy allowing for prostate cancer to finally be cured. Here, we will review potential CSC markers and highlight evidence that describes how cells expressing each marker may drive prostate cancer progression, metastatic colonization and growth, tumor recurrence, and resistance to treatment.
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22
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Yun EJ, Zhou J, Lin CJ, Xu S, Santoyo J, Hernandez E, Lai CH, Lin H, He D, Hsieh JT. The network of DAB2IP-miR-138 in regulating drug resistance of renal cell carcinoma associated with stem-like phenotypes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66975-66986. [PMID: 28978010 PMCID: PMC5620150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but the response rate is not overwhelmed, which only prolongs a short survival of patients due to the onset of therapeutic resistance. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, the presence of cancer initiating cells (CIC) may underlie the drug resistance. Nevertheless, identifying CIC phenotypes with its biomarkers in RCC appear to be diverse and controversial from many reports. In this study, we took a different approach to focus on the regulatory mechanism in RCC-CIC and unveil DAB2IP-mediated miR-138 expression that plays a critical role in modulating stem-like phenotypes in RCC via targeting the ABC transporter (ABCA13) as well as oncogenic histone methyltransferase EZH2 while down regulation of miR-138 gene expression in RCC is due to epigenetic gene silencing by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). We also characterize the individual mechanism by which ABCA13 in RCC-CIC contributes to its drug resistance and. EZH2 maintain stem-like phenotypes. Noticeably, elevated expression of ABCA13 and EZH2 is correlated with overall survival of RCC patients, which can be used as potential prognostic markers. Taken together, this study demonstrates a potent and unique pathway of DAB2IP-mediated miR-138 in modulating CIC phenotypes during RCC progression and also offers a new therapeutic strategy of targeting drug resistant RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Yun
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - John Santoyo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, Republic of China
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23
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CRNDE affects the malignant biological characteristics of human glioma stem cells by negatively regulating miR-186. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25339-55. [PMID: 26231038 PMCID: PMC4694835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) is a novel gene that activated early in colorectal neoplasia, but it is also up-regulated in many other solid tumors. Herein, the function and underlying mechanism of CRNDE in regulating glioma stem cells (GSCs) were investigated. We found that CRNDE expression was up-regulated while miR-186 expression was down-regulated in GSCs. Overexpression of CRNDE could promote the cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit the apoptosis in GSCs. Overexpression of miR-186 exerted functions of inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of GSCs and promoting apoptosis. And CRNDE decreased the expression levels of XIAP and PAK7 by binding to miR-186 and negatively regulating it. In addition, miR-186 binded to XIAP and PAK7 3′UTR region, and decrease the expression of them, thus regulating the expression levels of downstream target proteins such as caspase 3, BAD, cyclin D1 and MARK2. The in vivo effect of CRNDE and miR-186 showed that the tumor formation rate was minimum in tumor-bearing nude mice with the knockdown of CRNDE and the overexpression of miR-186. In conclusion, CRNDE played an oncogenic role of GSCs through the negative regulation of miR-186. Both CRNDE and miR-186 could be regarded as potential targets in the glioma therapy.
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24
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Huang J, Zhou L, Chen H, Wu C, Duo Z, Zhang Y. EZH2 is overexpressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and enhances the stem-like properties of AMC-HN-8 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:837-846. [PMID: 27446358 PMCID: PMC4950628 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) histone methyltransferase is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is important for epigenetic regulation. EZH2 is highly expressed in various types of tumors, and its high-level expression promotes the progression and invasion of certain tumors. However, the expression level of EZH2 and its functions in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas are unknown. In the present study, the level of EZH2 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas was evaluated using immunochemical staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. EZH2 was overexpressed in AMC-HN-8 cells with lentiviral transfection. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle, chemotherapy-sensitivity and in vivo tumorigenic assays were performed. The results indicated that EZH2 was highly expressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Additionally, EZH2 overexpression promoted proliferation, accelerated cell-cycle progression and enhanced the tumorigenicity in laryngeal squamous cancer cells. More importantly, EZH2 enhanced the chemotherapy resistance of these cells. Overall, the results indicated that EZH2 promotes the progression of laryngeal squamous cell cancer and could be a potential chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of such cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Duo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Research Center, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Berman M, Mattheolabakis G, Suresh M, Amiji M. Reversing epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance in solid tumors using targeted microRNA delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:987-98. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1178236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Berman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Takayama KI, Suzuki T, Tsutsumi S, Fujimura T, Urano T, Takahashi S, Homma Y, Aburatani H, Inoue S. RUNX1, an androgen- and EZH2-regulated gene, has differential roles in AR-dependent and -independent prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2263-76. [PMID: 25537508 PMCID: PMC4385850 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential for the development of prostate cancer. Here, we report that runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) could be a key molecule for the androgen-dependence of prostate cancer. We found RUNX1 is a target of AR and regulated positively by androgen. Our RUNX1 ChIP-seq analysis indicated that RUNX1 is recruited to AR binding sites by interacting with AR. In androgen-dependent cancer, loss of RUNX1 impairs AR-dependent transcription and cell growth. The RUNX1 promoter is bound by enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and is negatively regulated by histone H3 lysine 27 (K27) trimethylation. Repression of RUNX1 is important for the growth promotion ability of EZH2 in AR-independent cells. In clinical prostate cancer samples, the RUNX1 expression level is negatively associated with EZH2 and that RUNX1 loss correlated with poor prognosis. These results indicated the significance of RUNX1 for androgen-dependency and that loss of RUNX1 could be a key step for the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Takayama
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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Cai L, Wang Z, Liu D. Interference with endogenous EZH2 reverses the chemotherapy drug resistance in cervical cancer cells partly by up-regulating Dicer expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6359-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Gga-miR-101-3p Plays a Key Role in Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS Strain) Infection of Chicken. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28669-82. [PMID: 26633386 PMCID: PMC4691068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), one of the most pathogenic Mycoplasma, has caused tremendous economic loss in the poultry industry. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are involved in microbial pathogenesis. However, little is known about potential roles of miRNAs in MG infection of chicken. In the present study, using miRNA Solexa sequencing we have found that gga-miR-101-3p was up-regulated in the lungs of MG-infected chicken embryos. Moreover, gga-miR-101-3p regulated expression of the host enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) through binding to the 3’ un-translated region (3’-UTR) of EZH2 gene. Over-expression of gga-miR-101-3p significantly inhibited EZH2 expression and hence inhibited proliferation of chicken embryonic fibroblast (DF-1 cells) by blocking the G1-to-S phase transition. Similar results were obtained in MG-infected chicken embryos and DF-1 cells, where gga-miR-101-3p was significantly up-regulated, while EZH2 was significantly down-regulated. This study reveals that gga-miR-101-3p plays an important role in MG infection through regulation of EZH2 expression and provides a new insight into the mechanisms of MG pathogenesis.
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29
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Transcriptional repression of cancer stem cell marker CD133 by tumor suppressor p53. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1964. [PMID: 26539911 PMCID: PMC4670923 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome cancer recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are major contributors to the malignant transformation of cells due to their capacity for self-renewal. Although various CSC markers have been identified in several types of tumors, they are primarily used as cancer-prediction markers and for the isolation of CSC populations. CD133, one of the best-characterized CSC markers in distinct solid tumor types, was shown to be correlated with CSC tumor-initiating capacity; however, the regulation of CD133 expression and its function in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we show that CD133 expression is negatively regulated by direct binding of the p53 tumor suppressor protein to a noncanonical p53-binding sequence in the CD133 promoter. Binding of p53 recruits Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the CD133 promoter and subsequently suppresses CD133 expression by reducing histone H3 acetylation. Furthermore, CD133 depletion suppresses tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, and the expression of core stemness transcription factors including NANOG, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and c-MYC. Critically, the anti-proliferative effects of p53 are antagonized by rescue of CD133 expression in a p53 overexpressing cell line, indicating that the tumor suppressive activity of p53 might be mediated by CD133 suppression. Taken together, our results suggest that p53-mediated transcriptional regulation of CD133 is a key underlying mechanism for controlling the growth and tumor-initiating capacity of CSCs and provide a novel perspective on targeting CSCs for cancer therapy.
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miRNA therapy targeting cancer stem cells: a new paradigm for cancer treatment and prevention of tumor recurrence. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:323-37. [PMID: 25853308 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors that retain the properties of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in vivo. Although CSCs have been reported in multiple cancers, the regulation of CSCs has not been described at the molecular level. miRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of their target genes via RNA interference and are involved in almost all cellular processes. Since aberrant miRNA expression occurs in CSCs, such dysregulated miRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding miRNAs that regulate CSC properties and discuss an in vivo delivery system for synthetic miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors for the development of innovative miRNA therapy against CSCs.
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Reyes EE, Gillard M, Duggan R, Wroblewski K, Kregel S, Isikbay M, Kach J, Brechka H, Weele DJV, Szmulewitz RZ, Griend DJV. Molecular analysis of CD133-positive circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 1:http://oatext.com/Molecular-analysis-of-CD133-positive-circulating-tumor-cells-from-patients-with-metastatic-castration-resistant-prostate-cancer.php. [PMID: 26753099 PMCID: PMC4704802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The function and clinical utility of stem cell markers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains unresolved, and their expression may confer important therapeutic opportunities for staging and therapy. In the adult human prostate, CD133 (PROM1) expression identifies infrequent prostate epithelial progenitor cells and putative cancer stem cells. Previous work demonstrated an association with CD133 and cancer cell proliferation using in vitro model systems. The primary objective here was to investigate the expression of CD133 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with mCRPC and to test the hypothesis that patients with mCRPC had CD133-positive CTCs associated with increased cell proliferation, changes in the androgen receptor (AR) protein expression, or AR nuclear co-localization. We utilized ImageStreamX technology, which combines flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, to capture and analyze CD45-negative/EpCAM-positive CTCs for CD133, Ki-67, and AR. All patient samples (20/20) contained CD133-positive populations of CTCs, and on average 50.9 ± 28.2% (range of 18.2% to 100%) of CTCs were CD133-positive. CD133-positive CTCs have increased Ki-67 protein expression compared to CD133-negative CTCs, implying that CD133-positive CTCs may have greater proliferative potential when compared to their CD133-negative counterparts. CD133-positive and CD133-negative CTCs have similar levels of AR protein expression and cellular co-localization with nuclear markers, implying that CD133 expression is independent of AR pathway activity and an AR-independent marker of mCRPC proliferation. These studies demonstrate the presence of CD133-positive populations in CTCs from mCRPC with increased proliferative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Reyes
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Gillard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Duggan
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Kregel
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masis Isikbay
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Kach
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Brechka
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Vander Weele
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell Z Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu F, He Y, Shu R, Wang S. MicroRNA-1297 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting EZH2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:4972-4980. [PMID: 26191190 PMCID: PMC4503062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we suggested the level of miR-1297 was downreguled in the human hepatocellular carcinoma compared to the normal cells. We demonstrate ectopic expression of miR-1297 could significantly suppress hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation and enhance the cell apoptosis. In vitro reporter assay suggested EZH2 is a direct target gene of miR-1297. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 have the same effect with miR-1297 overeexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These findings provide evidence that miR-1297 plays a key role in inhibition of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation, and enhancing cell apoptosis through targeting EZH2, and strongly suggest that ex ogenous miR-1297 may have therapeutic value in treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yukai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Ronghua Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJi’nan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Sikui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
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Bian EB, Li J, Xie YS, Zong G, Li J, Zhao B. LncRNAs: New Players in Gliomas, With Special Emphasis on the Interaction of lncRNAs With EZH2. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:496-503. [PMID: 24403021 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Bao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Gang Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
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Polycomb protein EZH2 suppresses apoptosis by silencing the proapoptotic miR-31. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1486. [PMID: 25341040 PMCID: PMC4237267 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 and suppresses gene expression by catalyzing histone H3 methylation on lysine 27. EZH2 is overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer and has been shown to promote cell proliferation and metastasis. Here we show that EZH2 also suppresses prostate cancer apoptosis by coordinating the epigenetic silencing of two proapoptotic microRNAs (miRNA), miR-205 and miR-31. We previously reported that miR-205 promotes apoptosis by targeting antiapoptotic protein Bcl-w and miR-205 is silenced in prostate cancer through promoter methylation. In this study, we found that EZH2 suppresses miR-31 expression by trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 on the miR-31 promoter. SiRNA knockdown of EZH2 increased miR-31 expression and decreased the antiapoptotic protein E2F6 (E2F transcription factor 6) (a target of miR-31), resulting in the sensitization of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel-induced apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of EZH2 blocked docetaxel-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrated that miR-205 silencing is linked to miR-31 silencing through EZH2. Suppression of miR-205 with an miRNA inhibitor caused an increase of EZH2 protein, which in turn inhibited miR-31 expression. Conversely, overexpression of miR-205 decreased EZH2 protein and increased miR-31 expression. In paired human prostate cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissues, we observed that the decrease of miR-205 expression correlated with EZH2 overexpression and miR-31 silencing. Thus, EZH2 integrates the epigenetic silencing of miR-205 and miR-31 to confer resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.
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Yao YL, Ma J, Wang P, Xue YX, Li Z, Zhao LN, Li ZQ, Feng TD, Liu YH. miR-101 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting Kruppel-like factor 6 in glioblastoma stem cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:40-51. [PMID: 25230316 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Great interest persists in useful therapeutic targets in glioblastoma (GBM). Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been associated with cancer formation through alterations in gene targets. In this study, we reported the role of miR-101 in human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the potential mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR showed that miR-101 expression was decreased in GSCs. Overexpression of miR-101 reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of GSCs. One direct target of miR-101, the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), was identified using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System, which mediated the tumor suppressor activity of miR-101. This process was coincided with the reduced expression of Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) whose promoter could be bound with and be promoted by KLF6 demonstrated by luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The downregulation of CHI3L1 led to the inactivation of MEK1/2 and PI3K signal pathways. Furthermore, nude mice carrying the tumors of overexpressed miR-101 combined with knockdown of KLF6 produced the smallest tumors and showed the highest survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided a comprehensive analysis of miR-101 and further defining it as a potential therapeutic candidate for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu C, Li Z, Bi L, Li K, Zhou B, Xu C, Huang J, Xu K. NOTCH1 signaling promotes chemoresistance via regulating ABCC1 expression in prostate cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:265-70. [PMID: 24782036 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a strategy for patients with advanced prostate cancer, especially those with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are believed to be the origin of cancer recurrence following therapy intervention, including chemotherapy. The mechanisms underlying the chemoresistance of PCSCs are still poorly understood. In the present study, fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to isolate PCSCs from LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide was used to measure the cell viability. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels. ShRNA was employed to knock down target gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to explore the detailed mechanism underlying ABCC1 expression. Our results revealed that the sorted PCSCs showed enhanced chemoresistance ability than matched non-PCSCs. Protein level of activated form of NOTCH1(ICN1) was significantly higher in PCSCs. Inhibition of NOTCH1 with shRNA could decrease ABCC1 expression, and improve chemosensitivity in PCSCs. Finally, ChIP-PCR showed ICN1 could directly bind to the promoter region of ABCC1. In conclusion, NOTCH1 signaling could transactivate ABCC1, resulting in higher chemoresistance ability of PCSCs, which might be one of the important mechanisms underlying the chemoresistance of PCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related death in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used to treat patients with aggressive prostate cancers. After androgen deprivation therapy, prostate cancers slowly progress to an androgen-independent status. Taxanes (e.g., docetaxel) are used as standard treatments for androgen-independent prostate cancers. However, these chemotherapeutic agents will eventually become ineffective due to the development of drug resistance. A microRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA molecule, which can regulate gene expression at the post-transcription level. miRNAs elicit their effects by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of their target mRNAs, leading to the inhibition of translation or the degradation of the mRNAs. miRNAs have received increasing attention as targets for cancer therapy, as they can target multiple signaling pathways related to tumor progression, metastasis, invasion, and chemoresistance. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant expression of miRNAs can lead to the development of resistant prostate cancers. Here, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in the development of resistant prostate cancers and their involvement in various drug resistant mechanisms including androgen signaling, apoptosis avoidance, multiple drug resistance (MDR) transporters, epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, we also discuss strategies for treating resistant prostate cancers by targeting specific miRNAs. Different delivery strategies are also discussed with focus on those that have been successfully used in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University , Hampton, Virginia 23668, United States
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Li L, Lorzadeh A, Hirst M. Regulatory variation: an emerging vantage point for cancer biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 6:37-59. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luolan Li
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Alireza Lorzadeh
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; BC Cancer Agency; Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
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