1
|
Wang D, Wang K, Sun S, Yan P, Lu X, Liu Z, Li Q, Li L, Gao Y, Liu J. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Salt-Tolerance Pathways in the Leaves and Roots of ZM-4 ( Malus zumi) in the Early Stages of Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043638. [PMID: 36835052 PMCID: PMC9960305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The breeding of salt-tolerant rootstock relies heavily on the availability of salt-tolerant Malus germplasm resources. The first step in developing salt-tolerant resources is to learn their molecular and metabolic underpinnings. Hydroponic seedlings of both ZM-4 (salt-tolerant resource) and M9T337 (salt-sensitive rootstock) were treated with a solution of 75 mM salinity. ZM-4's fresh weight increased, then decreased, and then increased again after being treated with NaCl, whereas M9T337's fresh weight continued to decrease. The results of transcriptome and metabolome after 0 h (CK) and 24 h of NaCl treatment showed that the leaves of ZM-4 had a higher content of flavonoids (phloretinm, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, epiafzelechin, etc.) and the genes (CHI, CYP, FLS, LAR, and ANR) related to the flavonoid synthesis pathway showed up-regulation, suggesting a high antioxidant capacity. In addition to the high polyphenol content (L-phenylalanine, 5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid) and the high related gene expression (4CLL9 and SAT), the roots of ZM-4 exhibited a high osmotic adjustment ability. Under normal growing conditions, the roots of ZM-4 contained a higher content of some amino acids (L-proline, tran-4-hydroxy-L-prolin, L-glutamine, etc.) and sugars (D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, etc.), and the genes (GLT1, BAM7, INV1, etc.) related to these two pathways were highly expressed. Furthermore, some amino acids (S-(methyl) glutathione, N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, etc.) and sugars (D-sucrose, maltotriose, etc.) increased and genes (ALD1, BCAT1, AMY1.1, etc.) related to the pathways showed up-regulation under salt stress. This research provided theoretical support for the application of breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks by elucidating the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of salt tolerance during the early stages of salt treatment for ZM-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Kun Wang
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Simiao Sun
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Lianwen Li
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Repository of Apple Germplasm Resources, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Xingcheng 125100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-429-3598120 (Y.G.); +86-27-87282399 (J.L.)
| | - Jihong Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-429-3598120 (Y.G.); +86-27-87282399 (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Wang L, Yu B, Guo J, Zhao Y, Zhu Y. Expression Analysis of AUX/IAA Family Genes in Apple Under Salt Stress. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:1205-1221. [PMID: 34802110 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Members of the auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family in plants are primary auxin-responsive genes that play important roles in many aspects of plant development and in responses to abiotic stress. Recently, 33 Aux/IAA have been identified in the apple genome. The biological responses of MdIAAs to salt stress are still unknown. In this study, Malus zumi, Malus baccata, and Malus × domestica 'Fuji' plantlets were subjected to salt stress by supplementing hydroponic media with NaCl at various concentrations. M. zumi showed the strongest salt resistance, followed by 'Fuji', and M. baccata was the most sensitive to salt stress. Tissue-specific expression profiles of MdIAAs were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. When apple plantlets were subjected to salt stress, most of salt-responsive MdIAAs were up-regulated by 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h in roots, shoot tips, and leaves, respectively. Highly expressed MdIAAs in roots, especially for M. zumi, consisted with the salt tolerance of apple rootstocks. Transgenic apple calli were tolerant to salt stress when over-expressed salt-responsive genes, MdIAA8, -9, and -25. These results provide clues about salt resistance in these three Malus species, which helps apple breeding of salt tolerance by genetic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandi Zhu
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Feng W, Liu G, Yu C, Lian B, Zhong F, Zhang J. Uncovering candidate genes responsive to salt stress in Salix matsudana (Koidz) by transcriptomic analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236129. [PMID: 32760076 PMCID: PMC7410171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salix matsudana, a member of Salicaceae, is an important ornamental tree in China. Because of its capability to tolerate high salt conditions, S. matsudana also plays an important ecological role when grown along Chinese coastal beaches, where the salinity content is high. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of higher salt tolerance in S. matsudana variety ‘9901’ by identifying the associated genes through RNA sequencing and comparing differential gene expression between the S. matsudana salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive samples treated with 150 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic comparison of the roots of the two samples revealed 2174 and 3159 genes responsive to salt stress in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant sample, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 9 of the responsive genes revealed a strong, positive correlation with RNA sequencing data. The genes were enriched in several pathways, including carbon metabolism pathway, plant-pathogen interaction pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors associated with abiotic stress responses and salt stress response network were identified; their expression levels differed between the two samples in response to salt stress. Hub genes were also revealed by weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis. For functional analysis of the DEG encoding sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), the gene was overexpressed in transgenic Arabidopsis, resulting in increased photosynthetic rates, sucrose and starch accumulation, and enhanced salt tolerance. Further functional characterization of other hub DEGs will reveal the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in S. matsudana and allow the application of S. matsudana in coastal afforestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuna Jiang
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiang Feng
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Téllez-Robledo B, Manzano C, Saez A, Navarro-Neila S, Silva-Navas J, de Lorenzo L, González-García MP, Toribio R, Hunt AG, Baigorri R, Casimiro I, Brady SM, Castellano MM, Del Pozo JC. The polyadenylation factor FIP1 is important for plant development and root responses to abiotic stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1203-1219. [PMID: 31111599 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Root development and its response to environmental changes is crucial for whole plant adaptation. These responses include changes in transcript levels. Here, we show that the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of mRNA is important for root development and responses. Mutations in FIP1, a component of polyadenylation machinery, affects plant development, cell division and elongation, and response to different abiotic stresses. Salt treatment increases the amount of poly(A) site usage within the coding region and 5' untranslated regions (5'-UTRs), and the lack of FIP1 activity reduces the poly(A) site usage within these non-canonical sites. Gene ontology analyses of transcripts displaying APA in response to salt show an enrichment in ABA signaling, and in the response to stresses such as salt or cadmium (Cd), among others. Root growth assays show that fip1-2 is more tolerant to salt but is hypersensitive to ABA or Cd. Our data indicate that FIP1-mediated alternative polyadenylation is important for plant development and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Téllez-Robledo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepcion Manzano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Angela Saez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- DTD, Timac Agro Spain, Lodosa, 31580, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sara Navarro-Neila
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Silva-Navas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura de Lorenzo
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Mary-Paz González-García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - René Toribio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arthur G Hunt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | | | - Ilda Casimiro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Department de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Mar Castellano
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mousavi S, Regni L, Bocchini M, Mariotti R, Cultrera NGM, Mancuso S, Googlani J, Chakerolhosseini MR, Guerrero C, Albertini E, Baldoni L, Proietti P. Physiological, epigenetic and genetic regulation in some olive cultivars under salt stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1093. [PMID: 30705308 PMCID: PMC6355907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated olive, a typical fruit crop species of the semi-arid regions, could successfully face the new scenarios driven by the climate change through the selection of tolerant varieties to salt and drought stresses. In the present work, multidisciplinary approaches, including physiological, epigenetic and genetic studies, have been applied to clarify the salt tolerance mechanisms in olive. Four varieties (Koroneiki, Royal de Cazorla, Arbequina and Picual) and a related form (O. europaea subsp. cuspidata) were grown in a hydroponic system under different salt concentrations from zero to 200 mM. In order to verify the plant response under salt stress, photosynthesis, gas exchange and relative water content were measured at different time points, whereas chlorophyll and leaf concentration of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ions, were quantified at 43 and 60 days after treatment, when stress symptoms became prominent. Methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used to assess the effects of salt stress on plant DNA methylation. Several fragments resulted differentially methylated among genotypes, treatments and time points. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed significant expression changes related to plant response to salinity. Four genes (OePIP1.1, OePetD, OePI4Kg4 and OeXyla) were identified, as well as multiple retrotransposon elements usually targeted by methylation under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Regni
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marika Bocchini
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Mancuso
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dept. Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Jalaladdin Googlani
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dept. Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Emidio Albertini
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Primo Proietti
- Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dept. Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang MR, Chen L, Teixeira da Silva JA, Volk GM, Wang QC. Cryobiotechnology of apple (Malus spp.): development, progress and future prospects. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:689-709. [PMID: 29327217 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation provides valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improves the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. Apple (Malus spp.) is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Wild Malus genetic resources and existing cultivars provide valuable genes for breeding new elite cultivars and rootstocks through traditional and biotechnological breeding programs. These valuable genes include those resistant to abiotic factors such as drought and salinity, and to biotic factors such as fungi, bacteria and aphids. Over the last three decades, great progress has been made in apple cryobiology, making Malus one of the most extensively studied plant genera with respect to cryopreservation. Explants such as pollen, seeds, in vivo dormant buds, and in vitro shoot tips have all been successfully cryopreserved, and large Malus cryobanks have been established. Cryotherapy has been used for virus eradication, to obtain virus-free apple plants. Cryopreservation provided valuable genes for further breeding of elite cultivars, and cryotherapy improved the production of virus-free plants in Malus spp., thus assisting the sustainable development of the apple industry. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on the development and progress of apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy. Future research will reveal new applications and uses for apple cryopreservation and cryotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Gayle M Volk
- National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Region, College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yousuf PY, Ahmad A, Aref IM, Ozturk M, Ganie AH, Iqbal M. Salt-stress-responsive chloroplast proteins in Brassica juncea genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance and their quantitative PCR analysis. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1565-1575. [PMID: 26638208 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassica juncea is mainly cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of India where its production is significantly affected by soil salinity. Adequate knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance at sub-cellular levels must aid in developing the salt-tolerant plants. A proper functioning of chloroplasts under salinity conditions is highly desirable to maintain crop productivity. The adaptive molecular mechanisms offered by plants at the chloroplast level to cope with salinity stress must be a prime target in developing the salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, we have analyzed differential expression of chloroplast proteins in two Brassica juncea genotypes, Pusa Agrani (salt-sensitive) and CS-54 (salt-tolerant), under the effect of sodium chloride. The chloroplast proteins were isolated and resolved using 2DE, which facilitated identification and quantification of 12 proteins that differed in expression in the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes. The identified proteins were related to a variety of chloroplast-associated molecular processes, including oxygen-evolving process, PS I and PS II functioning, Calvin cycle and redox homeostasis. Expression analysis of genes encoding differentially expressed proteins through real time PCR supported our findings with proteomic analysis. The study indicates that modulating the expression of chloroplast proteins associated with stabilization of photosystems and oxidative defence plays imperative roles in adaptation to salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peerzada Yasir Yousuf
- Department of Botany, Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Ibrahim M Aref
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Post Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munir Ozturk
- Department of Biology, Ege University, Izmir, 350000, Turkey
| | - Arshid Hussain Ganie
- Department of Botany, Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shiratake K, Suzuki M. Omics studies of citrus, grape and rosaceae fruit trees. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:122-38. [PMID: 27069397 PMCID: PMC4780796 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advance of bioinformatics and analytical apparatuses such as next generation DNA sequencer (NGS) and mass spectrometer (MS) has brought a big wave of comprehensive study to biology. Comprehensive study targeting all genes, transcripts (RNAs), proteins, metabolites, hormones, ions or phenotypes is called genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, hormonomics, ionomics or phenomics, respectively. These omics are powerful approaches to identify key genes for important traits, to clarify events of physiological mechanisms and to reveal unknown metabolic pathways in crops. Recently, the use of omics approach has increased dramatically in fruit tree research. Although the most reported omics studies on fruit trees are transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and a few is reported on hormonomics and ionomics. In this article, we reviewed recent omics studies of major fruit trees, i.e. citrus, grapevine and rosaceae fruit trees. The effectiveness and prospects of omics in fruit tree research will as well be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Mami Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh J, Reddy PS, Reddy CS, Reddy MK. Molecular cloning and characterization of salt inducible dehydrin gene from the C4 plant Pennisetum glaucum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
10
|
MzPIP2;1: An Aquaporin Involved in Radial Water Movement in Both Water Uptake and Transportation, Altered the Drought and Salt Tolerance of Transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142446. [PMID: 26562158 PMCID: PMC4643029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are unavoidably subjected to various abiotic stressors, including high salinity, drought and low temperature, which results in water deficit and even death. Water uptake and transportation play a critical role in response to these stresses. Many aquaporin proteins, localized at different tissues, function in various transmembrane water movements. We targeted at the key aquaporin in charge of both water uptake in roots and radial water transportation from vascular tissues through the whole plant. RESULTS The MzPIP2;1 gene encoding a plasma membrane intrinsic protein was cloned from salt-tolerant apple rootstock Malus zumi Mats. The GUS gene was driven by MzPIP2;1 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis. It indicated that MzPIP2;1 might function in the epidermal and vascular cells of roots, parenchyma cells around vessels through the stems and vascular tissues of leaves. The ectopically expressed MzPIP2;1 conferred the transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhanced tolerance to slight salt and drought stresses, but sensitive to moderate salt stress, which was indicated by root length, lateral root number, fresh weight and K+/Na+ ratio. In addition, the possible key cis-elements in response to salt, drought and cold stresses were isolated by the promoter deletion experiment. CONCLUSION The MzPIP2;1 protein, as a PIP2 aquaporins subgroup member, involved in radial water movement, controls water absorption and usage efficiency and alters transgenic plants drought and salt tolerance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Polle A, Chen S. On the salty side of life: molecular, physiological and anatomical adaptation and acclimation of trees to extreme habitats. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1794-816. [PMID: 25159181 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Saline and sodic soils that cannot be used for agriculture occur worldwide. Cultivating stress-tolerant trees to obtain biomass from salinized areas has been suggested. Various tree species of economic importance for fruit, fibre and timber production exhibit high salinity tolerance. Little is known about the mechanisms enabling tree crops to cope with high salinity for extended periods. Here, the molecular, physiological and anatomical adjustments underlying salt tolerance in glycophytic and halophytic model tree species, such as Populus euphratica in terrestrial habitats, and mangrove species along coastlines are reviewed. Key mechanisms that have been identified as mediating salt tolerance are discussed at scales from the genetic to the morphological level, including leaf succulence and structural adjustments of wood anatomy. The genetic and transcriptomic bases for physiological salt acclimation are salt sensing and signalling networks that activate target genes; the target genes keep reactive oxygen species under control, maintain the ion balance and restore water status. Evolutionary adaptation includes gene duplication in these pathways. Strategies for and limitations to tree improvement, particularly transgenic approaches for increasing salt tolerance by transforming trees with single and multiple candidate genes, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diray-Arce J, Clement M, Gul B, Khan MA, Nielsen BL. Transcriptome assembly, profiling and differential gene expression analysis of the halophyte Suaeda fruticosa provides insights into salt tolerance. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:353. [PMID: 25943316 PMCID: PMC4422317 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement of crop production is needed to feed the growing world population as the amount and quality of agricultural land decreases and soil salinity increases. This has stimulated research on salt tolerance in plants. Most crops tolerate a limited amount of salt to survive and produce biomass, while halophytes (salt-tolerant plants) have the ability to grow with saline water utilizing specific biochemical mechanisms. However, little is known about the genes involved in salt tolerance. We have characterized the transcriptome of Suaeda fruticosa, a halophyte that has the ability to sequester salts in its leaves. Suaeda fruticosa is an annual shrub in the family Chenopodiaceae found in coastal and inland regions of Pakistan and Mediterranean shores. This plant is an obligate halophyte that grows optimally from 200-400 mM NaCl and can grow at up to 1000 mM NaCl. High throughput sequencing technology was performed to provide understanding of genes involved in the salt tolerance mechanism. De novo assembly of the transcriptome and analysis has allowed identification of differentially expressed and unique genes present in this non-conventional crop. RESULTS Twelve sequencing libraries prepared from control (0 mM NaCl treated) and optimum (300 mM NaCl treated) plants were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2000 to investigate differential gene expression between shoots and roots of Suaeda fruticosa. The transcriptome was assembled de novo using Velvet and Oases k-45 and clustered using CDHIT-EST. There are 54,526 unigenes; among these 475 genes are downregulated and 44 are upregulated when samples from plants grown under optimal salt are compared with those grown without salt. BLAST analysis identified the differentially expressed genes, which were categorized in gene ontology terms and their pathways. CONCLUSIONS This work has identified potential genes involved in salt tolerance in Suaeda fruticosa, and has provided an outline of tools to use for de novo transcriptome analysis. The assemblies that were used provide coverage of a considerable proportion of the transcriptome, which allows analysis of differential gene expression and identification of genes that may be involved in salt tolerance. The transcriptome may serve as a reference sequence for study of other succulent halophytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joann Diray-Arce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Mark Clement
- Department of Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - M Ajmal Khan
- College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan G, Wang L, Deng M, Niu S, Zhao Z, Xu E, Cao X, Zhang X. Transcriptome analysis of the variations between autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa and its diploid using high-throughput sequencing. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1627-38. [PMID: 25773315 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Timber properties of autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa are heritable with whole genome duplication, but the molecular mechanisms for the predominant characteristics remain unclear. To illuminate the genetic basis, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify the related unigenes. 2677 unigenes were found to be significantly differentially expressed in autotetraploid P. tomentosa. In total, 30 photosynthesis-related, 21 transcription factor-related, and 22 lignin-related differentially expressed unigenes were detected, and the roles of the peroxidase in lignin biosynthesis, MYB DNA-binding proteins, and WRKY proteins associated with the regulation of relevant hormones are extensively discussed. The results provide transcriptome data that may bring a new perspective to explain the polyploidy mechanism in the long growth cycle of plants and offer some help to the future Paulownia breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Fan
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang XH, Li QT, Chen HW, Zhang WK, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Trihelix transcription factor GT-4 mediates salt tolerance via interaction with TEM2 in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:339. [PMID: 25465615 PMCID: PMC4267404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trihelix transcription factor family is plant-specific and plays important roles in developmental processes. However, their function in abiotic stress response is largely unclear. RESULTS We studied one member GT-4 from Arabidopsis in relation to salt stress response. GT-4 expression is induced by salt stress and GT-4 protein is localized in nucleus and cytoplasm. GT-4 acts as a transcriptional activator and its C-terminal end is the activation domain. The protein can bind to the cis-elements GT-3 box, GT-3b box and MRE4. GT-4 confers enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis likely through direct binding to the promoter and activation of Cor15A, in addition to possible regulation of other relevant genes. The gt-4 mutant shows salt sensitivity. TEM2, a member of AP2/ERF family was identified to interact with GT-4 in yeast two-hybrid, BiFC and Co-IP assays. Loss-of-function of TEM2 exerts no significant difference on salt tolerance or Cor15A expression in Arabidopsis. However, double mutant gt-4/tem2 shows greater sensitivity to salt stress and lower transcript level of Cor15A than gt-4 single mutant. GT-4 plus TEM2 can synergistically increase the promoter activity of Cor15A. CONCLUSIONS GT-4 interacts with TEM2 and then co-regulates the salt responsive gene Cor15A to improve salt stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Wang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification and expression analysis of salt-responsive genes using a comparative microarray approach in Salix matsudana. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6555-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|