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Antidepressant-like effect of endogenous SO 2 on depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1325-1336. [PMID: 36729188 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a toxic gas with harmful effects on various organs. However, recent studies have confirmed the protective effect of SO2 on ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and lung infections. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of endogenous SO2 on depression. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was performed to cause depression. Depression-like behaviors in animals were determined using an open-field test, forced swimming test, and sucrose consumption. Animal spatial learning and memory were also assessed using the Morris water maze. Besides, the oxidative status of the hippocampus and serum corticosterone level were evaluated. A reduction in the tendency to consume sucrose, mobility, and curiosity, as well as learning and memory disorders were observed in CUMS animals. Depressed animals treated with SO2 revealed a significant improvement in behavioral and cognitive functions. SO2 also reduced neuronal damage and lipid peroxidation of the hippocampus and serum corticosterone level in the CUMS group. Various shreds of evidence support a mutual relationship between inflammation and depression; also, growing studies show the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of mood-related disorders such as depression. This study indicated that increased hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum corticosterone levels can be due to the existence of oxidative stress and possible activation of inflammatory processes. SO2 donors diminished MDA and corticosterone levels in depressed animals. According to the study results, SO2 may be able to reduce tissue damage and eventually behavioral disorders caused by depression by lowering oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Lv B, Tang C, Du J, Jin H. Sulfur Dioxide: Endogenous Generation, Biological Effects, Detection, and Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:256-274. [PMID: 34538110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Previously, sulfur dioxide (SO2) was recognized as an air pollutant. However, it is found to be endogenously produced in mammalian tissues. As a new gasotransmitter, SO2 is involved in regulating the structure and function of blood vessels, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, etc.Recent Advances: Increasing evidence showed that endogenous SO2 regulates cardiovascular physiological processes, such as blood pressure control, vasodilation, maintenance of the normal vascular structure, and cardiac negative inotropy. Under pathological conditions including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, aging endothelial dysfunction, myocardial injury, myocardial hypertrophy, diabetic myocardial fibrosis, sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury, colitis, epilepsy-related brain injury, depression and anxiety, and addictive drug reward memory consolidation, endogenous SO2 protects against the pathological changes via different molecular mechanisms and the disturbed SO2/aspartate aminotransferase pathway is likely involved in the mechanisms for the earlier mentioned pathologic processes. Critical Issues: A comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of endogenous SO2 is extremely important for the development of novel SO2 therapy. In this review, we summarized the biological effects, mechanism of action, SO2 detection methods, and its related prodrugs. Future Directions: Further studies should be conducted to understand the effects of endogenous SO2 in various physiological and pathophysiological processes and clarify its underlying mechanisms. More efficient and accurate SO2 detection methods, as well as specific and effective SO2-releasing systems should be designed for the treatment and prevention of clinical related diseases. The translation from SO2 basic medical research to its clinical application is also worthy of further study. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 256-274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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She M, Li B, Li T, Hu Q, Zhou X. Modulation of the ERK1/2-MMP-2 pathway in the sclera of guinea pigs following induction of myopia by flickering light. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:371. [PMID: 33732344 PMCID: PMC7903414 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that flickering light can affect the development of eyeballs. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The ERK1/2-MMP-2 pathway is a classic pathway involved in the modulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer tissues. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of this pathway in modulating the scleral ECM in myopia has not been previously examined. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the ERK1/2-MMP-2 pathway on the formation of flickering light-induced myopia (FLM). Guinea pigs were raised under illumination at a flash rate of 0.5 Hz for 6 weeks to induce FLM. Peribulbar injections of dimethylsulfoxide or PD98059 (an inhibitor of phospho-ERK1/2) were administered starting at the third week of FLM modeling. Refraction was measured prior to and following treatments. The thickness of the posterior sclera (PS) was measured under a light microscope following H&E staining. The mRNA levels of MMP-2 were detected by the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay. The expression levels of MMP-2 and ERK1/2 were assayed by western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Following 6 weeks of treatment, the refraction of the FLM group became more myopic compared with that of the control group, while PD98059 treatment inhibited the changes noted in the refraction. A marked reduction in the thickness of PS was observed in the FLM group, while PD98059 inhibited the remodeling of PS. In addition, the expression levels of MMP-2 and protein levels of phospho-ERK1/2 were increased in the FLM group, while PD98059 significantly inhibited MMP-2 mRNA and protein levels. These results indicated that ERK1/2-MMP-2 may be involved in the formation of FLM in guinea pigs by regulating the remodeling of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man She
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Central Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Ouabain Promotes Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010358. [PMID: 33396341 PMCID: PMC7801950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions are molecular structures that allow communication between neighboring cells. It has been shown that gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is notoriously reduced in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Ouabain, a plant derived substance, widely known for its therapeutic properties on the heart, has been shown to play a role in several types of cancer, although its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. Since we have previously shown that ouabain enhances GJIC in epithelial cells (MDCK), here we probed whether ouabain affects GJIC in a variety of cancer cell lines, including cervico-uterine (CasKi, SiHa and Hela), breast (MDA-MB-321 and MCF7), lung (A549), colon (SW480) and pancreas (HPAF-II). For this purpose, we conducted dye transfer assays to measure and compare GJIC in monolayers of cells with and without treatment with ouabain (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 500 nM). We found that ouabain induces a statistically significant enhancement of GJIC in all of these cancer cell lines, albeit with distinct sensitivity. Additionally, we show that synthesis of new nucleotides or protein subunits is not required, and that Csrc, ErK1/2 and ROCK-Rho mediate the signaling mechanisms. These results may contribute to explaining how ouabain influences cancer.
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Cai H, Wang X. Effect of sulfur dioxide on vascular biology. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:505-514. [PMID: 33319344 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, can be generated endogenously. These gasotransmitters play important roles in vascular biology, including vasorelaxation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. In recent years, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) has been considered as a fourth gasotransmitter. SO₂ is present in air pollution. Moreover, SO₂ toxicity, including oxidative stress and DNA damage, has been extensively reported in previous studies. Recent studies have shown that SO₂ can be endogenously generated in various organs and vascular tissues, where it regulates vascular tone, vascular smooth cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. SO₂ can decrease blood pressure in rats, inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen accumulation and promote collagen degradation, and improve vascular remodelling. SO₂ can decrease cardiovascular atherosclerotic plaques by enhancing the antioxidant effect and upregulating nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase and hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase pathways. SO₂ can also ameliorate vascular calcification via the transforming growth factor - β1/Smad pathway. The effect of SO₂ on vascular regulation has attracted great interest. SO₂ may be a novel mediator in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinbao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Influence of Endogenous Cardiac Glycosides, Digoxin, and Marinobufagenin in the Physiology of Epithelial Cells. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:8646787. [PMID: 32089875 PMCID: PMC7024086 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8646787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are a group of compounds widely known for their action in cardiac tissue, some of which have been found to be endogenously produced (ECG). We have previously studied the effect of ouabain, an endogenous cardiac glycoside, on the physiology of epithelial cells, and we have shown that in concentrations in the nanomolar range, it affects key properties of epithelial cells, such as tight junction, apical basolateral polarization, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and adherent junctions. In this work, we study the influence of digoxin and marinobufagenin, two other endogenously expressed cardiac glycosides, on GJIC as well as the degree of transepithelial tightness due to tight junction integrity (TJ). We evaluated GJIC by dye transfer assays and tight junction integrity by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements, as well as immunohistochemistry and western blot assays of expression of claudins 2 and 4. We found that both digoxin and marinobufagenin improve GJIC and significantly enhance the tightness of the tight junctions, as evaluated from TER measurements. Immunofluorescence assays show that both compounds promote enhanced basolateral localization of claudin-4 but not claudin 2, while densitometric analysis of western blot assays indicate a significantly increased expression of claudin 4. These changes, induced by digoxin and marinobufagenin on GJIC and TER, were not observed on MDCK-R, a modified MDCK cell line that has a genetically induced insensitive α1 subunit, indicating that Na-K-ATPase acts as a receptor mediating the actions of both ECG. Plus, the fact that the effect of both cardiac glycosides was suppressed by incubation with PP2, an inhibitor of c-Src kinase, PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen extracellular kinase-1 and Y-27632, a selective inhibitor of ROCK, and a Rho-associated protein kinase, indicate altogether that the signaling pathways involved include c-Src and ERK1/2, as well as Rho-ROCK. These results widen and strengthen our general hypothesis that a very important physiological role of ECG is the control of the epithelial phenotype and the regulation of cell-cell contacts.
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Zhang LL, Du JB, Tang CS, Jin HF, Huang YQ. Inhibitory Effects of Sulfur Dioxide on Rat Myocardial Fibroblast Proliferation and Migration. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1715-1723. [PMID: 29998892 PMCID: PMC6048932 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.235875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial fibrosis is an important pathological change in many heart diseases, but its pathogenesis is very complex and has not yet been fully elucidated. The study was designed to examine whether endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a novel myocardial fibroblast proliferation and migration inhibitor. Methods: Primary rat myocardial fibroblasts were isolated and transfected with aspartate aminotransferase (AAT1 and AAT2) knockdown lentivirus or empty lentivirus. SO2 content in the supernatant was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography, and the expressions of AAT1, AAT2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), and total ERK (T-ERK) in the cells were detected. Cell migration was detected by wound healing test. Independent sample t-test (for two groups) and one-way analysis of variance (three or more groups) were used to analyze the results. Results: Both AAT1 and AAT2 knockdown significantly reduced SO2 levels (F = 31.46, P < 0.01) and AAT1/2 protein expression (AAT1, t = 12.67, P < 0.01; AAT2, t = 9.61, P < 0.01), but increased PCNA expression and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) activity as well as the migration in rat primary myocardial fibroblasts (P < 0.01). Supplementation of SO2 rather than pyruvate significantly inhibited the increase in proliferation and migration caused by AAT knockdown (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, the ratio of p-ERK to T-ERK was significantly increased in the AAT1/2 knockdown groups compared with that in the empty lentivirus group (AAT1, t = −7.36, P < 0.01; AAT2, t = −10.97, P < 0.01). Whereas PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK activation, successfully blocked AAT knockdown-induced PCNA upregulation (F = 74.01, P > 0.05), CCK-8 activation (F = 50.14, P > 0.05), and migration augmentation in myocardial fibroblasts (24 h, F = 37.08, P > 0.05; 48 h, F = 58.60, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Endogenous SO2 might be a novel myocardial fibroblast proliferation and migration inhibitor via inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital; Division of Small Molecules and Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ya-Qian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases linked to air pollution. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:111-122. [PMID: 29346115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become an environmental burden with regard to non-communicable diseases, particularly heart disease. It has been reported that air pollution can accelerate the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Air pollutants encompass various particulate matters (PMs), which change the blood composition and heart rate and eventually leads to cardiac failure by triggering atherosclerotic plaque ruptures or by developing irreversible ischemia. A series of major epidemiological and observational studies have established the noxious effect of air pollutants on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms of its susceptibility and the pathological disease events remain largely elusive and are predicted to be initiated in the cell organelle. The basis of this belief is that mitochondria are one of the major targets of environmental toxicants that can damage mitochondrial morphology, function and its DNA (manifested in non-communicable diseases). In this article, we review the literature related to air pollutants that adversely affect the progression of CVD and that target mitochondrial morphological and functional activities and how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation, which reflects the airborne oxidant-induced cell damage, correlates with heart failure. We conclude that environmental health assessment should focus on the cellular/circulatory mitochondrial functional copy number status, which can predict the outcome of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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Liu M, Liu S, Tan W, Tang F, Long J, Li Z, Liang B, Chu C, Yang J. Gaseous signalling molecule SO2 via Hippo‑MST pathway to improve myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8953-8963. [PMID: 28990064 PMCID: PMC5779980 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated the existence of an endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)‑generating system in the cardiovascular system. The present study aimed to discuss the function and regulatory mechanism of gaseous signal molecule SO2 in inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) via the Hippo‑MST signaling pathway to improve myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats. A total of 40 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats per group): Normal control group (control group), diabetic rats group [streptozotocin (STZ) group], SO2 intervention group (STZ+SO2 group) and diabetes mellitus rats treated with L‑Aspartic acid β‑hydroxamate (HDX) group (HDX group). Diabetic rats models were established by intra‑peritoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) Following model establishment, intra‑peritoneal injection of Na2SO3/NaHSO3 solution (0.54 mmol/kg) was administered in the STZ+SO2 group, and HDX solution (25 mg/kg/week) was administered in the HDX group. A total of 4 weeks later, echocardiography was performed to evaluate rats' cardiac function; Masson staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and transmission electron microscopy examinations were performed to observe myocardial morphological changes. ELISA was employed to determine the SO2 content. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, ERS and the Hippo‑MST signalling pathway. Compared with the control group, the STZ group and HDX group had a disordered arrangement of myocardial cells with apparent myocardial fibrosis, and echocardiography indicated that the cardiac function was lowered, there was an obvious increase of apoptosis in myocardial tissue, the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated protein B‑cell lymphoma associated protein X, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 were upregulated, and Bcl‑2 expression was downregulated. The expression of ERS and Hippo‑MST pathway‑associated proteins, including CHOP, GRP94, MST1 and MST2, were significantly upregulated. By contrast, these above‑mentioned changes were reversed by SO2 treatment. Compared with STZ group, the HDX group had a further increase of myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, while there were no statistically significant differences in the expression of Bax/Bcl‑2, caspase‑3, caspase‑9 and ERS and Hippo‑MST pathway‑associated proteins. The results of the present study demonstrated that the gaseous signal molecule SO2 can effectively improve the myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be associated with reduced apoptosis and ERS by downregulated Hippo‑MST pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Junrong Long
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Biao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Shen S, Zhou J, Meng S, Wu J, Ma J, Zhu C, Deng G, Liu D. The protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4077-4082. [PMID: 29067100 PMCID: PMC5647708 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=12) including sham operation (S) group, ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group. After anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate, bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 45 min, followed by perfusion for 6 h to establish the I/R model. Both kidneys in rats of S group were separated and exposed for 45 min, but renal pedicles were not clipped. In IP group, bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 5 min, followed by perfusion for 5 min, this procedure was repeated 3 times. Then bilateral renal pedicles were clipped for 45 min, followed by perfusion for 6 h. Blood samples were collected and rats were sacrificed to collect renal tissue. Levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by xanthine oxidase assay. Degree of renal injury was evaluated by H&E staining. TUNEL kit was used to detect the number of apoptotic cells in renal tissue. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by semi-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Results showed that levels of Cr and BUN in I/R and IP groups were significantly higher than those in S group, and levels of Cr and BUN in I/R group were significantly higher than that in IP group (P<0.05). Activity of SOD in I/R group and IP group were significantly lower than those in S group, and activity of SOD in I/R group were significantly lower than those in IP group (P<0.05). H&E staining showed that, compared with S group, renal injury in the I/R and IP groups was more serious than that in the S group, and I/R group was more serious than the IP group (P<0.05). TUNEL apoptosis assay showed that number of apoptotic cells in IP and I/R groups were significantly higher than that in the S group (P<0.01). Semi-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis showed that, compared with the S group, expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased, expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein were significantly increased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly decreased in the IP and I/R groups (P<0.01). Compared with the I/R group, expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, the level of Bax was significantly deceased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly increased in the IP group (P<0.01). As a result, ischemic preconditioning can protect rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury possibly by increasing the expression level of Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression level of Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jiexue Zhou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Shandong Meng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Zhu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Gengguo Deng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Second Pronincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
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Olson KR, Gao Y, DeLeon ER, Arif M, Arif F, Arora N, Straub KD. Catalase as a sulfide-sulfur oxido-reductase: An ancient (and modern?) regulator of reactive sulfur species (RSS). Redox Biol 2017; 12:325-339. [PMID: 28285261 PMCID: PMC5350573 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase is well-known as an antioxidant dismutating H2O2 to O2 and H2O. However, catalases evolved when metabolism was largely sulfur-based, long before O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) became abundant, suggesting catalase metabolizes reactive sulfide species (RSS). Here we examine catalase metabolism of H2Sn, the sulfur analog of H2O2, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other sulfur-bearing molecules using H2S-specific amperometric electrodes and fluorophores to measure polysulfides (H2Sn; SSP4) and ROS (dichlorofluorescein, DCF). Catalase eliminated H2Sn, but did not anaerobically generate H2S, the expected product of dismutation. Instead, catalase concentration- and oxygen-dependently metabolized H2S and in so doing acted as a sulfide oxidase with a P50 of 20mmHg. H2O2 had little effect on catalase-mediated H2S metabolism but in the presence of the catalase inhibitor, sodium azide (Az), H2O2 rapidly and efficiently expedited H2S metabolism in both normoxia and hypoxia suggesting H2O2 is an effective electron acceptor in this reaction. Unexpectedly, catalase concentration-dependently generated H2S from dithiothreitol (DTT) in both normoxia and hypoxia, concomitantly oxidizing H2S in the presence of O2. H2S production from DTT was inhibited by carbon monoxide and augmented by NADPH suggesting that catalase heme-iron is the catalytic site and that NADPH provides reducing equivalents. Catalase also generated H2S from garlic oil, diallyltrisulfide, thioredoxin and sulfur dioxide, but not from sulfite, metabisulfite, carbonyl sulfide, cysteine, cystine, glutathione or oxidized glutathione. Oxidase activity was also present in catalase from Aspergillus niger. These results show that catalase can act as either a sulfide oxidase or sulfur reductase and they suggest that these activities likely played a prominent role in sulfur metabolism during evolution and may continue do so in modern cells as well. This also appears to be the first observation of catalase reductase activity independent of peroxide dismutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Eric R DeLeon
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Maaz Arif
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Faihaan Arif
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Nitin Arora
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Karl D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Yao Q, Huang Y, Liu AD, Zhu M, Liu J, Yan H, Zhang Q, Geng B, Gao Y, Du S, Huang P, Tang C, Du J, Jin H. The vasodilatory effect of sulfur dioxide via SGC/cGMP/PKG pathway in association with sulfhydryl-dependent dimerization. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1073-80. [PMID: 27009048 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00101.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the role of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/PKG pathway in sulfur dioxide (SO2)-induced vasodilation. We showed that SO2 induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine (PE)-precontracted rat aortic rings in association with an increase in cGMP concentration, whereas l-aspartic acid β-hydroxamate (HDX), an inhibitor of SO2 synthase, contracted rings in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of aortic rings with the sGC inhibitor ODQ (30 μM) attenuated the vasodilatory effects of SO2, suggesting the involvement of cGMP pathway in SO2-induced vasodilation. Mechanistically, SO2 upregulated the protein levels of sGC and PKG dimers, while HDX inhibited it, indicating SO2 could promote cGMP synthesis through sGC activation. Furthermore, the dimerization of sGC and PKG and vasodilation induced by SO2 in precontracted rings were significantly prevented by thiol reductants dithiothreitol (DTT). In addition, SO2 reduced the activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), a cGMP-specific hydrolytic enzyme, implying that SO2 elevated cGMP concentration by inhibiting its hydrolysis. Hence, SO2 exerted its vasodilatory effects at least partly by promoting disulfide-dependent dimerization of sGC and PKG, resulting in an activated sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway in blood vessels. These findings revealed a new mode of action and mechanisms by which SO2 regulated the vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Angie Dong Liu
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mingzhu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxu Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China;
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Huang Y, Tang C, Du J, Jin H. Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide: A New Member of Gasotransmitter Family in the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:8961951. [PMID: 26839635 PMCID: PMC4709694 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8961951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was previously regarded as a toxic gas in atmospheric pollutants. But it has been found to be endogenously generated from metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids in mammals through transamination by aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). SO2 could be produced in cardiovascular tissues catalyzed by its synthase AAT. In recent years, studies revealed that SO2 had physiological effects on the cardiovascular system, including vasorelaxation and cardiac function regulation. In addition, the pathophysiological effects of SO2 were also determined. For example, SO2 ameliorated systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, prevented the development of atherosclerosis, and protected against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury. These findings suggested that endogenous SO2 was a novel gasotransmitter in the cardiovascular system and provided a new therapy target for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Yuan Y, Koria P. Proliferative activity of elastin-like-peptides depends on charge and phase transition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:697-706. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida 33620
| | - Piyush Koria
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida 33620
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15
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Wang XB, Du JB, Cui H. Signal pathways involved in the biological effects of sulfur dioxide. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:94-99. [PMID: 26123845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, play important roles in life and have attracted great interest in scientists. In recent years, sulfur dioxide (SO2) has also been found to play important roles in mammals. The redox pathway is involved in the biological effects of SO2, such as the protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion, myocardial injury, pulmonary hypertension and atherosclerosis. Ion channels, such as L-type calcium and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, as well as 3'-5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate and 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways are also involved in the vasorelaxant effect of SO2. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway plays roles in vascular remodeling during pulmonary hypertension and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Understanding these signaling mechanisms would help to clarify the pathophysiological effect and therapeutic potential of SO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Bao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Street No. 95 West District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Street No. 95 West District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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