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Peyre-Costa D, Stjernbrandt A, Wahlström J, Ikäheimo TM, Höper AC. Self-reported exposure to dust and diesel exhaust, respiratory symptoms, and use of respiratory protective equipment among Arctic miners. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2343125. [PMID: 38626426 PMCID: PMC11022915 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2343125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arctic miners face significant risks from diesel exhaust and dust exposure, potentially leading to adverse respiratory health. Employers must limit harmful exposures, using personal protective equipment (PPE) as a last line of defense. This study explored the association between reported respiratory exposure and symptoms, and PPE training and usage. Data from the MineHealth study (2012-2014) included a total of 453 Arctic open pit miners in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Participants answered questions on exposure to dust and diesel exhaust, respiratory symptoms, and PPE use, in addition to age, gender, BMI, smoking, and self-rated health. Estimated exposure to dust was common, reported by 91%, 80%, and 82% and that of diesel exhaust by 84%, 43%, and 47% of workers in Sweden, Finland, and Norway, respectively. Reported dust exposure was significantly related to respiratory symptoms (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.7), diesel exposure increased the occurrence of wheezing (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.4). PPE use varied between the studied mines. Non-use was common and related to reduced visibility, wetness, skin irritation and fogging of the respiratory PPE. Future research should employ more precise exposure assessment, respiratory function as well as explore the reasons behind the non-compliance of PPE use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peyre-Costa
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Albin Stjernbrandt
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jens Wahlström
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tiina Maria Ikäheimo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anje Christina Höper
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Yang Z, Liao J, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Ge Y, Chen W, Qiu C, Berhane K, Bai Z, Han B, Xu J, Jiang YH, Gilliland F, Yan W, Chen Z, Huang G, Zhang J(J. Critical windows of greenness exposure during preconception and gestational periods in association with birthweight outcomes. Environ Res Health 2024; 2:015001. [PMID: 38022394 PMCID: PMC10647935 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ad0aa6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between greenness exposure and birth outcomes. This study aims to identify critical exposure time windows during preconception and pregnancy for the association between greenness exposure and birth weight. A cohort of 13 890 pregnant women and newborns in Shanghai, China from 2016-2019 were included in the study. We assessed greenness exposure using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the preconception and gestational periods, and evaluated the association with term birthweight, birthweight z-score, small-for-gestational age, and large-for-gestational age using linear and logistic regressions adjusting for key maternal and newborn covariates. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, ambient levels of fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) assessed during the same period were adjusted for as sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we explored the potential different effects by urbanicity and park accessibility through stratified analysis. We found that higher greenness exposure at the second trimester of pregnancy and averaged exposure during the entire pregnancy were associated with higher birthweight and birthweight Z-score. Specifically, a 0.1 unit increase in second trimester averaged NDVI value was associated with an increase in birthweight of 10.2 g (95% CI: 1.8-18.5 g) and in birthweight Z-score of 0.024 (0.003-0.045). A 0.1 unit increase in an averaged NDVI during the entire pregnancy was associated with 10.1 g (95% CI: 1.0-19.2 g) increase in birthweight and 0.025 (0.001-0.048) increase in birthweight Z-score. Moreover, the associations were larger in effect size among urban residents than suburban residents and among residents without park accessibility within 500 m compared to those with park accessibility within 500 m. Our findings suggest that increased greenness exposure, particularly during the second trimester, may be beneficial to birth weight in a metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchun Yang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Yi Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Yihui Ge
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Chenyu Qiu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Weili Yan
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Environmental Science and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Patel S, Galor A. Editorial: The impact of clinical and environmental toxicological exposures and eye health. Front Toxicol 2024; 6:1344052. [PMID: 38454983 PMCID: PMC10918461 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1344052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Patel
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anat Galor
- Ophthalmology, Miami VA Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, United States
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, United States
- University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, United States
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Fu WX, Huang L, Ding JH, Qin MM, Yu XN, Xie FJ, Hu JL. [Elucidating the Impacts of Meteorology and Emission Changes on Concentrations of Major Air Pollutants in Major Cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region Using a Machine Learning De-weather Method]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:5879-5888. [PMID: 37973073 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202301119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study applied a de-weather method based on a machine learning technique to quantify the contribution of meteorology and emission changes to air quality from 2015 to 2021 in four cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region. The results showed that the significant reductions in PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 emissions(57.2%-68.2%, 80.7%-94.6%, and 81.6%-96.1%, respectively) offset the adverse effects of meteorological conditions, resulting in lower pollutant concentrations. The meteorological contribution of maximum daily 8-h average O3(MDA8_O3) showed a stronger effect than that of others(23.5%-42.1%), and meteorological factors promoted the increase in MDA8_O3 concentrations(4.7%); however, emission changes overall resulted in a decrease in MDA8_O3 concentrations(-3.2%). NO2 and MDA8_O3 decreased more rapidly from 2019 to 2021, mainly because the emissions played a stronger role in reducing pollutant concentrations than from 2015 to 2018. However, emissions changes had weaker reduction effects on PM2.5 and SO2 from 2019 to 2021 than from 2015 to 2018. De-weather methods could effectively seperate the effects of meteorology and emission changes on pollutant trends, which helps to evaluate the real effects of emission control policies on pollutant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Fu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jia-Hao Ding
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mo-Mei Qin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xing-Na Yu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecasting and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang-Jian Xie
- Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian-Lin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Patel S, Mittal R, Kumar N, Galor A. The environment and dry eye-manifestations, mechanisms, and more. Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1173683. [PMID: 37681211 PMCID: PMC10482047 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1173683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition that often presents with chronic symptoms of pain (that can be characterized as "dryness," "burning," and "irritation," to name a few) and/or fluctuating or poor-quality vision. Given its multifactorial nature, several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been identified that can underlie symptoms, including tear film, ocular surface, and/or corneal somatosensory nerve abnormalities. Research has focused on understanding how environmental exposures can increase the risk for DED flares and negatively impact the tear film, the ocular surface, and/or nerve health. Given that DED is a common condition that negatively impacts physical and mental functioning, managing DED requires multiple strategies. These can include both medical approaches and modulating adverse environmental conditions, the latter of which may be a cost-effective way to avoid DED flares. Thus, an understanding of how environmental exposures relate to disease is important. This Review summarizes research on the relationships between environmental exposures and DED, in the hope that this information will engage healthcare professionals and patients to consider environmental manipulations in their management of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Patel
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rhiya Mittal
- University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Ophthalmology and Research Services, Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
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Chan NJ, Hsu CC, Lin YS, Lin RL, Lee LY. Inhibitory effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on Hering-Breuer inflation reflex in mice: role of voltage-gated potassium channels. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1075-1082. [PMID: 36958348 PMCID: PMC10125024 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00714.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Slowly adapting receptors (SARs), vagal mechanosensitive receptors located in the lung, play an important role in regulating the breathing pattern and Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR). Inhalation of high concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a common environmental and occupational air pollutant, has been shown to selectively block the SAR activity in rabbits, but the mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect remained a mystery. We carried out this study to determine if inhalation of SO2 can inhibit the HBIR and change the eupneic breathing pattern, and to investigate further a possible involvement of voltage-gated K+ channels in the inhibitory effect of SO2 on these vagal reflex-mediated responses. Our results showed 1) inhalation of SO2 (600 ppm; 8 min) consistently abolished both the phasic activity of SARs and their response to lung inflation in anesthetized, artificially ventilated mice, 2) inhalation of SO2 generated a distinct inhibitory effect on the HBIR and induced slow deep breathing in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing mice, and these effects were reversible and reproducible in the same animals, 3) This inhibitory effect of SO2 was blocked by pretreatment with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a nonselective blocker of voltage-gated K+ channel, and unaffected by pretreatment with its vehicle. In conclusion, this study suggests that this inhibitory effect on the baseline breathing pattern and the HBIR response was primarily mediated through the SO2-induced activation of voltage-gated K+ channels located in the vagal bronchopulmonary SAR neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated that inhaled sulfur dioxide completely and reversibly abolished the activity of vagal bronchopulmonary slowly adapting receptors, significantly inhibited the apneic response to lung inflation, and induced slow deep breathing in anesthetized mice. More importantly, our results further suggested that this inhibitory effect was mediated through an action of sulfur dioxide and its derivatives on the voltage-gated potassium channels expressed in the slowly adapting receptor sensory neurons innervating the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Ju Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You Shuei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Tran PM, Warren JL, Leifheit EC, Goldstein LB, Lichtman JH. Associations Between Long-Term Air Pollutant Exposure and 30-Day All-Cause Hospital Readmissions in US Patients With Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:e126-e129. [PMID: 36729388 PMCID: PMC11059199 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.042265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with increased stroke incidence, morbidity, and mortality; however, research on the association of pollutant exposure with poststroke hospital readmissions is lacking. METHODS We assessed associations between average annual carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter 2.5, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure and 30-day all-cause hospital readmission in US fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries age ≥65 years hospitalized for ischemic stroke in 2014 to 2015. We fit Cox models to assess 30-day readmissions as a function of these pollutants, adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics and ambient temperature. Analyses were then stratified by treating hospital performance on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services risk-standardized 30-day poststroke all-cause readmission measure to determine if the results were independent of performance: low (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services rate for hospital <25th percentile of national rate), high (>75th percentile), and intermediate (all others). RESULTS Of 448 148 patients with stroke, 12.5% were readmitted within 30 days. Except for tropospheric NO2 (no national standard), average 2-year CO, O3, particulate matter 2.5, and SO2 values were below national limits. Each one SD increase in average annual CO, NO2, particulate matter 2.5, and SO2 exposure was associated with an adjusted 1.1% (95% CI, 0.4-1.9%), 3.6% (95% CI, 2.9%-4.4%), 1.2% (95% CI, 0.2%-2.3%), and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.1%-3.0%) increased risk of 30-day readmission, respectively, and O3 with a 0.7% (95% CI, 0.0%-1.5%) decrease. Associations between long-term air pollutant exposure and increased readmissions persisted across hospital performance categories. CONCLUSIONS Long-term air pollutant exposure below national limits was associated with increased 30-day readmissions after stroke, regardless of hospital performance category. Whether air quality improvements lead to reductions in poststroke readmissions requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica C. Leifheit
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Judith H. Lichtman
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Yoon HY, Kim SY, Kim OJ, Song JW. Nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology 2023; 28:254-261. [PMID: 36123769 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Air pollution affects clinical course and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the effect of individual exposure to air pollutants on disease progression is unclear. We aimed to identify the effect of individual exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm [PM10 ]) on disease progression in patients with IPF. METHODS The serial lung function data of 946 IPF patients (mean age: 65.4 years, male: 80.9%) were analysed. Individual-level long-term exposures to NO2 and PM10 at the residential addresses of patients were estimated using a national-scale exposure prediction model, constructed based on air quality regulatory monitoring data. Progression was defined as a relative decline (≥10%) in forced vital capacity. Individual- and area-level covariates were adjusted in the primary analysis model. RESULTS Overall, 547 patients (57.8%) experienced progression during a median follow-up of 1.0 year (interquartile range: 0.4-2.6 years). In the primary model, a 10-ppb increase in NO2 concentration was associated with a 10.5% increase in the risk of progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.105; 95% CI = 1.000-1.219) in patients with IPF. There was also an increasing trend of progression in patients with IPF according to the second to fourth quartiles of NO2 (Q2 [HR = 1.299; 95% CI = 0.972-1.735], Q3 [1.409; 1.001-1.984], Q4 [1.598; 1.106-2.310]) compared to the first quartile. We found no association between PM10 and progression in IPF patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that increased individual exposure to NO2 can increase the risk of progression in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xiong JH, Kong SF, Zheng H, Xiao W, Liu A, Zhu MM. [Impacts of Emission and Meteorological Conditions on Air Pollutants at Various Sites Around the COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:670-679. [PMID: 36775591 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202203269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The random forest algorithm was used to separate the mass concentrations of six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and O3) contributed by emissions and meteorological conditions. Their variations for five types of sites including Wuhan's central urban, suburb, industrial, the third ring road traffic, and urban background sites were investigated. The results showed that the values of PM2.5/CO, PM10/CO, and NO2/CO during the lockdown period decreased by 10.8-21.7, 9.34-24.7, and 14.4-22.1 times compared with the period before the lockdown, indicating that the contributions of emissions to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were reduced. O3/CO increased by 50.1-61.5 times, implying that the secondary formation increased obviously. The contributions of emissions to various types of pollutants all increased after the lockdown. During the lockdown period, affected by the operation of some uninterrupted industrial processes, PM2.5 concentrations in industrial areas dropped the least (20.5%). Compared with the lockdown period, residential activities, transportation, and industrial production were basically restored after the lockdown, resulting in the alleviation of the reduction in PM2.5 emission-related concentrations. The increase in emission-related O3 concentrations could be associated with the decreased NO and PM2.5 concentrations during the lockdown period. The elevated O3 partially offset the improved air quality brought by the reduced NO2and PM2.5 concentrations. After the lockdown, ρ(O3) related with meteorology at the suburban and urban background sites increased by 16.2 μg·m-3 and 16.1 μg·m-3, respectively, which could be attributed to the increased ambient temperature and decreased relative humidity. The decrease in PM2.5 and increase in O3 concentrations caused by reduced traffic and industrial emissions at the third ring road traffic and central urban regions can provide reference for the current coordinated and precise control of PM2.5 and O3 in subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-He Xiong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Shao-Fei Kong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.,Research Centre for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Huang Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Wan Xiao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Ao Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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Yu XH, Cao HW, Bo L, Lei SF, Deng FY. Air pollution, genetic factors and the risk of osteoporosis: A prospective study in the UK biobank. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1119774. [PMID: 37026121 PMCID: PMC10071034 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To reveal relationship between air pollution exposure and osteoporosis (OP) risk. Methods Based on large-scale data from the UK Biobank, we evaluated the relationship between OP risk and several air pollutants. Then air pollution scores (APS) were constructed to assess the combined effects of multiple air pollutants on OP risk. Finally, we constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) based on a large genome-wide association study of femoral neck bone mineral density and assessed whether single or combined exposure to air pollutants modifies the effect of genetic risk on OP and fracture risk. Results PM2.5, NO2, NOx, and APS were significantly associated with an increased risk of OP/fracture. OP and fracture risk raised with increasing concentrations of air pollutants: compared to the lowest APS quintile group, subjects in the highest quintile group had a hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) estimated at 1.140 (1.072-1.213) for OP and 1.080 (1.026-1.136) for fracture. Moreover, participants with low GRS and the highest air pollutant concentration had the highest risk of OP, the HRs (95% CI) of OP were 1.706 (1.483-1.964), 1.658 (1.434-1.916), 1.696 (1.478-1.947), 1.740 (1.506-2.001) and 1.659 (1.442-1.908), respectively, for PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NOx. Similar results were also observed for fractures. Finally, we assessed the joint effect of APS and GRS on the risk of OP. Participants with higher APS and lower GRS had a higher risk of developing OP. Similar results were observed in the joint effect of GRS and APS on fracture. Conclusions We found that exposure to air pollution, individually or jointly, could improve the risk of developing OP and fractures, and increased the risk by interacting with genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hao Yu
- School of Public Health, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han-Wen Cao
- School of Public Health, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Bo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- School of Public Health, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Bone and Immunity Between Sihong Hospital and Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- Shu-Feng Lei
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- School of Public Health, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei-Yan Deng
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11
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Subodh Chandra Pal, Indrajit Chowdhuri, Asish Saha, Manoranjan Ghosh, Paramita Roy, Biswajit Das, Rabin Chakrabortty, Manisa Shit. COVID-19 strict lockdown impact on urban air quality and atmospheric temperature in four megacities of India. Geoscience Frontiers 2022; 13. [PMID: 37521133 PMCID: PMC8828299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has forced to lockdown entire India starting from 24th March 2020 to 14th April 2020 (first phase), extended up to 3rd May 2020 (second phase), and further extended up to 17th May 2020 (third phase) with limited relaxation in non-hotspot areas. This strict lockdown has severely curtailed human activity across India. Here, aerosol concentrations of particular matters (PM) i.e., PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3) and ozone (O3), and associated temperature fluctuation in four megacities (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai) from different regions of India were investigated. In this pandemic period, air temperature of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai has decreased about 3 °C, 2.5 °C, 2 °C and 2 °C respectively. Compared to previous years and pre-lockdown period, air pollutants level and aerosol concentration (−41.91%, −37.13%, −54.94% and −46.79% respectively for Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai) in these four megacities has improved drastically during this lockdown period. Emission of PM2.5 has experienced the highest decrease in these megacities, which directly shows the positive impact of restricted vehicular movement. Restricted emissions produce encouraging results in terms of urban air quality and temperature, which may encourage policymakers to consider it in terms of environmental sustainability.
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12
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Zhang TP, Wang LJ, Wang S, Wang P, Zhou XH, Wang L, Yang CM, Li XM. Exposure to ambient gaseous pollutant and daily hospitalizations for Sjögren's syndrome in Hefei: A time-series study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028893. [PMID: 36389841 PMCID: PMC9646840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggested that gaseous pollutants were associated with the development of autoimmune diseases, while there were few studies on the association between gaseous pollutants and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study sought to assess the relationship between exposure to several gaseous pollutants and the hospitalizations for SS. METHODS The data regarding SS hospitalizations, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological factors in Hefei from 2016 to 2021 were collected. A distributed lag non-linear model combined with a generalized linear model were adopted to analyze the association between gaseous pollutants and SS hospitalizations, and stratified analyses were also conducted. RESULTS We detected significant associations between gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, CO) and SS hospitalizations. Exposure to NO2 was linked with the elevated risk of hospitalizations for SS (RR=1.026, lag1 day). A positive correlation between CO exposure and hospitalizations for SS was found (RR=1.144, lag2 day). In contrast, exposure to SO2, O3 was respectively related to the decreased risk of hospitalizations for SS (SO2: RR=0.897, lag14 day; O3: RR=0.992, lag9 day). Stratified analyses found that female patients were more vulnerable to these gaseous pollutants. SS patients ≥ 65 years were more susceptible to NO2, CO exposure, and younger patients were more vulnerable to O3 exposure. In addition, exposure to O3, CO in cold season were more likely to affect hospitalizations for SS. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated a significant association between exposure to NO2, CO and elevated risk of hospitalizations for SS, and SO2, O3 exposure might be linked to reduced risk of SS hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Hefei (Binhu Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yang
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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13
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Honda N, Coulibaly S, Funasaka K, Kido M, Oro T, Shimizu A, Matsumoto T, Watanabe T. Comparison of the Concentration of Suspended Particles and Their Chemical Composition near the Ground Surface and Dust Extinction Coefficient by LIDAR. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:709-719. [PMID: 35650099 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In many epidemiological studies, the dust extinction coefficient measured by light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is used as an indicator of exposure to Asian dust. However, few reports on the relationship between the distribution of total suspended particles (TSPs) near the ground surface and the dust extinction coefficient exist. In this study, we examined the relationship between the concentrations of TSPs near the ground surface, substances indicative of mineral content, and air pollutants that may be transported with Asian dust and dust extinction coefficients in two regions: Imizu and Yurihama-Matsue, from March to May in 2011 and 2013. In both years, large dust extinction coefficients were observed in Imizu and Matsue on days when the concentrations of TSPs and mineral content indicators were high near the ground surface in Imizu and Yurihama, and Asian dust was expected to be highly suspended. In both regions, the concentrations of TSPs and mineral content indicators were significantly positively correlated with the dust extinction coefficient. The concentrations of all air pollutants analyzed were significantly positively correlated with the dust extinction coefficient in each region in 2013, but not in 2011. These results suggest that the dust extinction coefficient is a useful indicator of Asian dust near the ground surface; however, as harmful air pollutants occasionally move with Asian dust, it is necessary to monitor these pollutants near the ground surface when conducting an epidemiological study on the health effect of airborne particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Honda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Health, Sonoda Women's University.,Department of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Mizuka Kido
- Toyama Prefectural Environmental Science Research Center
| | - Tadashi Oro
- Tottori Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Regional Environment Conservation Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies
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14
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Tsan YT, Kristiani E, Liu PY, Chu WM, Yang CT. In the Seeking of Association between Air Pollutant and COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Using Deep Learning. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6373. [PMID: 35681961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raises awareness of how the fatal spreading of infectious disease impacts economic, political, and cultural sectors, which causes social implications. Across the world, strategies aimed at quickly recognizing risk factors have also helped shape public health guidelines and direct resources; however, they are challenging to analyze and predict since those events still happen. This paper intends to invesitgate the association between air pollutants and COVID-19 confirmed cases using Deep Learning. We used Delhi, India, for daily confirmed cases and air pollutant data for the dataset. We used LSTM deep learning for training the combination of COVID-19 Confirmed Case and AQI parameters over the four different lag times of 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. The finding indicates that CO is the most excellent model compared with the others, having on average, 13 RMSE values. This was followed by pressure at 15, PM2.5 at 20, NO2 at 20, and O3 at 22 error rates.
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15
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Liu WY, Yi JP, Shi L, Tung TH. Association Between Air Pollutants and Pediatric Respiratory Outpatient Visits in Zhoushan, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865798. [PMID: 35444995 PMCID: PMC9014799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the time-series relationship between air pollutants and the number of children's respiratory outpatient visits in coastal cities. Methods We used time series analysis to investigate the association between air pollution levels and pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in Zhoushan city, China. The population was selected from children aged 0–18 who had been in pediatric respiratory clinics for eight consecutive years from 2014 to 2020. After describing the population and weather characteristics, a lag model was used to explore the relationship between outpatient visits and air pollution. Results We recorded annual outpatient visits for different respiratory diseases in children. The best synergy lag model found a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 for every 4–10% increase in the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits (P < 0.05). The cumulative effect of an increase in the number of daily pediatric respiratory clinics with a lag of 1–7 days was the best model. Conclusions PM2.5 is significantly related to the number of respiratory outpatient visits of children, which can aid in formulating policies for health resource allocation and health risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Liu
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yi
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, China
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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16
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Choi HS, Suh MJ, Hong SC, Kang JW. The Association between the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Indoor Atmosphere and Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms in Children Aged between 4 and 13 Years: A Pilot Study. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8111004. [PMID: 34828717 PMCID: PMC8625560 DOI: 10.3390/children8111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A correlation between the harmful effects of air pollutants and atopic dermatitis has been reported. There are few studies on the correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in the indoor atmosphere and symptoms of atopic dermatitis. METHODS Twenty-two homes of children showing atopic dermatitis symptoms were enrolled, and eighteen homes with similarly aged children without symptoms or a history of atopic dermatitis participated as a control group. We measured the concentrations of various air pollutants (particulate matter 10, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, radon, bacterial aerosols, and mold) as well as various heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, in the living room and children's bedroom of each home. RESULTS Lead was more commonly detected in the indoor air in houses of children with atopic dermatitis (15/22) as compared to in the control group (3/18) (chi square test, p = 0.002). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, VOCs and lead were significantly associated with atopic dermatitis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study shows that lead in indoor air might be associated with atopic dermatitis, even if the concentrations of airborne lead are below the safety levels suggested by health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, Korea;
| | - Michelle J. Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- The Environmental Health Center (Atopic Dermatitis & Allergic Rhinitis), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Hong
- The Environmental Health Center (Atopic Dermatitis & Allergic Rhinitis), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Ju Wan Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06237, Korea
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17
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Miao CP, Chen W, Cui AW, Li PP, Hu YM, He XY. [Research progress on air pollutant distribution in urban street canyons]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:3377-3384. [PMID: 34658225 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202109.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Urban street canyon is one of the most important characteristics and spatial forms of cities. It is one of the most frequently used public spaces in cities, with the most serious automobile exhaust pollution and the largest population density. The unreasonable space configuration and internal composition might decrease self-purification of urban ventilation but increase local air pollutant concentration. Here, we reviewed the impacts of street canyon morphology, street trees, vehicle flow and meteorological factors on the distribution of air pollutants in street canyons. We scrutinized the relevant methods of numerical simulation, wind tunnel experiments, and field monitoring on the distribution and diffusion of air pollutants in street canyons. We recommended that future research should concentrate on the impacts of various parameters on the distribution and diffusion of air pollutants based on the field monitoring data. Meanwhile, further research should develop optimization strategies for street canyon design which is conducive to the dispersion of air pollutants, and put forward scientific support and optimization scheme for the controlling of air pollutants from the perspective of urban planning and pattern optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Miao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ai-Wei Cui
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping-Ping Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Man Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Yuan He
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Kang Q, Song X, Xin X, Chen B, Chen Y, Ye X, Zhang B. Machine Learning-Aided Causal Inference Framework for Environmental Data Analysis: A COVID-19 Case Study. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:13400-13410. [PMID: 34559516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Links between environmental conditions (e.g., meteorological factors and air quality) and COVID-19 severity have been reported worldwide. However, the existing frameworks of data analysis are insufficient or inefficient to investigate the potential causality behind the associations involving multidimensional factors and complicated interrelationships. Thus, a causal inference framework equipped with the structural causal model aided by machine learning methods was proposed and applied to examine the potential causal relationships between COVID-19 severity and 10 environmental factors (NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, average air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed) in 166 Chinese cities. The cities were grouped into three clusters based on the socio-economic features. Time-series data from these cities in each cluster were analyzed in different pandemic phases. The robustness check refuted most potential causal relationships' estimations (89 out of 90). Only one potential relationship about air temperature passed the final test with a causal effect of 0.041 under a specific cluster-phase condition. The results indicate that the environmental factors are unlikely to cause noticeable aggravation of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also demonstrated the high value and potential of the proposed method in investigating causal problems with observational data in environmental or other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Kang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X5, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Xing Song
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X5, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X5, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X5, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yuanzhu Chen
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston K7L 2N8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xudong Ye
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X5, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X5, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Xie J, Liu X, Jing S, Pang C, Liu Q, Zhang J. Chemical and Electronic Modulation via Atomic Layer Deposition of NiO on Porous In 2O 3 Films to Boost NO 2 Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:39621-39632. [PMID: 34383462 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high sensitivity under low-temperature operation is currently a challenge for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors. In this work, a unique NiO-functionalized macroporous In2O3 thin film is designed by atomic layer deposition (ALD), which demonstrates great potential in electronic sensors for detecting NO2 at low temperature. This strategy allows for efficient engineering of the oxygen vacancy concentration and the formation of p-n heterojunctions in the hybrid In2O3/NiO thin films, which has been found to greatly impact the surface chemical and electrical properties of the sensing films. The sensor based on the optimized In2O3/NiO films exhibits a very high response of 532.2 to 10 ppm NO2, which is 26 times higher than that of the In2O3, at a relatively low operating temperature of 145 °C. In addition, an ultralow detection limit of ca. 6.9 ppb has been obtained, which surpasses most reports based on metal oxide sensors. Mechanistic investigations disclose that the improved sensor properties are resultant from the paramount surface active sites and high carrier concentration enabled by the oxygen vacancies, while excessive NiO ALD leads to a decreased sensor response due to the formed p-n heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Xie
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuliang Jing
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Pang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Liu YR, Dong JY. [Effect of Air Pollution on Emergency Room Visits for Respiratory Diseases in Lanzhou]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2021; 43:382-394. [PMID: 34238414 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of air pollution on the number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in residents at different ages and its seasonal changes in Lanzhou,so as to provide a scientific basis for the early prevention of respiratory diseases in Lanzhou. Methods The daily number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in three class A hospitals in Lanzhou from January 1,2013 to December 31,2017,as well as the air pollutants and meteorological data of Lanzhou in the same period,was collected.After controlling the confounding factors including long-term trend of time,meteorological factors and day-of-week effect using a generalized additive model,we analyzed the relationships between air pollutants and the daily number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases,and explored whether there was a lag effect of air pollutants.Results From 2013 to 2017,the emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou had a total number of 124 871,with an average of 69(1-367)visits per day.The single pollutant model showed that among the six conventional air pollutants monitored in Lanzhou,PM 2.5,PM10,NO2,SO2 and O38h had a lag effect on the number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases.For every 10 μg/m 3 increase in the concentration of PM2.5 (lag02:t=4.792, P=0.001), PM10 (lag2:t=3.421, P<0.001), NO2 (lag6:t=3.654, P=0.003), SO2(lag06:t=4.712, P<0.001)and O38h (lag07:t=3.021, P=0.012), the number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases increased by 0.900%(95% CI:0.573%-1.249%), 0.083%(95% CI:0.012%-0.153%), 1.293%(95% CI:0.867%-1.720%), 3.851%(95% CI:2.675%-5.041%)and 0.737%(95% CI:0.129%-1.348%), respectively.For every 1 mg/m3 increase in the concentration of CO(lag0:t=3.564,P<0.001),the number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases increased by 2.556% (95%CI: 1.493%-3.629%). In gender stratification, PM2.5(male:t=3.124, P=0.019;female:t=3.418, P=0.007), PM10(male:t=2.980, P=0.160;female:t=2.997, P=0.013)and CO(male:t=4.117, P=0.001;female:t=4.629, P<0.001)in winter had stronger effects on the emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in females than that in males, while the effects of NO2(male:t=3.020, P=0.107;female:t=3.006, P=0.128), SO2(male:t=4.101, P<0.001;female:t=3.820, P<0.001)and O38h(male:t=3.660, P=0.022;female:t=3.517, P=0.018)in winter showed an opposite trend.In age stratification, the increase in the daily average concentration of PM2.5(0-14 years old:t=3.520, P=0.008), PM10(0-14 years old:t=3.840, P<0.001), SO2(0-14 years old:t=4.570, P<0.001), CO(0-14 years old:t=4.102, P=0.002)in winter would increase the emergency visits for respiratory diseases in the 0-14-year-old population.The daily average concentration of O38h(0-14 years old:t=4.210, P<0.001;15-64 years old:t=3.807, P=0.001)in summer only affected the visits of the 0-14-year-old and the 15-64-year-old populations, and the air pollutants had no significant effect on the visits of those≥65 years old.The double pollutant model analysis revealed that after introducing 5 other pollutants respectively, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and O38h significantly increased the emergency room visits for respiratory diseases, and CO had a more obvious effect than that predicted with the single pollutant model. Conclusion The rises in the concentrations of six air pollutants in Lanzhou will increase the emergency room visits for respiratory diseases, and the patterns vary with different genders, ages and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Liu
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
| | - Ji-Yuan Dong
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
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21
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Mohamad Jamil PAS, Karuppiah K, Rasdi I, How V, Mohd Tamrin SB, Mani KKC, Sambasivam S, Naeini HS, Mohammad Yusof NAD, Hashim NM. Occupational hazard in Malaysian traffic police: special focus on air pollutants. Rev Environ Health 2021; 36:167-176. [PMID: 33594842 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a specific deliberation on occupational hazards confronted daily by Malaysian Traffic Police. Traffic police is a high-risk occupation that involves a wide range of tasks and, indirectly, faced with an equally wide variety of hazards at work namely, physical, biological, psychosocial, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. Thereupon, occupational injuries, diseases, and even death are common in the field. The objective of this paper is to collate and explain the major hazards of working as Malaysian traffic police especially in Point Duty Unit, their health effects, and control measures. There are many ways in which these hazards can be minimised by ensuring that sufficient safety measures are taken such as a wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system for the traffic police. By having this system, air monitoring among traffic police may potentially be easier and accurate. Other methods of mitigating these unfortunate events are incorporated and addressed in this paper according to the duty and needs of traffic police.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karmegam Karuppiah
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Irniza Rasdi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vivien How
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kulanthayan K C Mani
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivasankar Sambasivam
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Sadeghi Naeini
- Department of Industrial Engineering Design, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Maizura Hashim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lin SY, Yang YC, Su JW, Wang JS, Jiang CC, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Association Between Preeclampsia Risk and Fine Air Pollutants and Acidic Gases: A Cohort Analysis in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2021; 9:617521. [PMID: 33869125 PMCID: PMC8044398 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.617521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fine air pollutant particles have been reported to be associated with risk of preeclampsia. The association between air pollutant exposure and preeclampsia risk in heavily air polluted Taiwan warrants investigation. Methods: We combined data from Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database (NHIRD) and Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database. Women aged 16–55 years were followed from January 1, 2000, until appearance of ICD-9 coding of preeclampsia withdrawal from the NHI program, or December 31, 2013. Daily concentration of NOx, NO, NO2, and CO was calculated by Kriging method. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for risk assessment. Results: For NOx, Relative to Quartile [Q] 1 concentrations, the Q2 (adjusted hazard ratio adjusted = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.50–3.22), Q3 (aHR = 7.28, 95% CI = 4.78–11.0), and Q4 (aHR = 23.7, 95% CI = 13.7–41.1) concentrations were associated with a significantly higher preeclampsia or eclampsia risk. Similarly, for NO, relative to Q1 concentrations, the Q2 (aHR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.26–2.63), Q3 (aHR = 7.53, 95% CI = 5.12–11.0), and Q4 (aHR = 11.1, 95% CI = 6.72–18.3) concentrations were correlated with significantly higher preeclampsia or eclampsia risk. Furthermore, for NO2, relative to Q1 concentration, the Q2 (aHR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.37–2.90), Q3 (aHR = 6.15, 95% CI = 3.95–9.57), and Q4 (aHR = 32.7, 95% CI = 19.7–54.3) concentrations also associated with a significantly higher preeclampsia or eclampsia risk. Conclusion: Women exposed to higher NOX, NO, NO2, and CO concentrations demonstrated higher preeclampsia incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Su
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Sian Wang
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Cheng Jiang
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Y Hsu
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Abstract
Colorimetric sensing technologies have been widely used for both quantitative detection of specific analyte and recognition of a large set of analytes in gas phase, ranging from environmental chemicals to biomarkers in breath. However, the accuracy and reliability of the colorimetric gas sensors are threatened by the humidity interference in different application scenarios. Though substantial progress has been made toward new colorimetric sensors development, unless the humidity interference is well addressed, the colorimetric sensors cannot be deployed for real-world applications. Although there are comprehensive and insightful review articles about the colorimetric gas sensors, they have focused more on the progress in new sensing materials, new sensing systems, and new applications. There is a need for reviewing the works that have been done to solve the humidity issue, a challenge that the colorimetric gas sensors commonly face. In this review paper, we analyzed the mechanisms of the humidity interference and discussed the approaches that have been reported to mitigate the humidity interference in colorimetric sensing of environmental gases and breath biomarkers. Finally, the future perspectives of colorimetric sensing technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Di Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Vishal Varun Tipparaju
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Francis Tsow
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiaojun Xian
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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24
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Yang WT, Qiao P, Liu XZ, Lei YL. [Analysis of Multi-scale Spatio-temporal Differentiation Characteristics of PM 2.5 in China from 2011 to 2017]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:5236-5244. [PMID: 33374039 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202005110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is of great significance for joint prevention and control of air pollution to understand the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and regional driving factors of PM2.5 in China. In this study, from a multi-scale perspective, the spatial pattern analysis and geographical detectors are used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution pattern and causes of PM2.5 pollution in China mainland from 2011 to 2017. The results show that:① the annual average PM2.5 concentration is relatively stable from 2011 to 2017, and there is no obvious trend. The change characteristics of regional PM2.5 are similar to those of national PM2.5, showing a "W" shaped fluctuation. Overall, the order of pollution degree from high to low is:central, eastern, western, and northeastern. ② From the spatial pattern analysis results, we can see that the high-value cluster mainly appears in east China, middle China, and southwest of Xinjiang, while the low-value cluster appears in Qinghai-Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou, Plateau, and Daxinganling regions. ③ The results of geographic detector analysis show that the population factor is the leading factor nationally; meanwhile, the industrial, energy consumption, and traffic factors all contribute to the distribution pattern of PM2.5 in varying degrees. Regionally, besides the population factor, the proportion of secondary production and urban green space rate have the greatest impact on the northeast, the industrial smoke and dust and road area in the east, and the total industrial electricity and buses in the central area. The impact of social and economic factors does not significantly affect the PM2.5 in the western region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geo-Spatial Information Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.,School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Peng Qiao
- School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xian-Zhao Liu
- School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yu-Liang Lei
- Economic College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410082, China
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25
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Lin SY, Lin CL, Lin CC, Hsu WH, Lin CD, Wang IK, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Lung Cancer-A Nationwide, Population-Based, Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E747. [PMID: 32245239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Direct evidence of lung cancer risk in Asian users of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) is lacking. Methods: The ACEI cohort comprised 22,384 patients aged ≥ 18 years with a first prescription of ACEI. The comparison angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) cohort consisted of age-, sex- and comorbidity-matched patients at a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was the incidence of lung cancer, which was evaluated using a proportional hazard model. Results: The overall incidence rates of lung cancer in the ACEI and ARB cohorts were 16.6 and 12.2 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. The ACEI cohort had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer than the ARB cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]. = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]. = 1.11–1.67). Duration–response and dose–response analyses revealed that compared with patients who did not receive ACEIs, patients who received ACEIs for more than 45 days per year (aHR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.48–2.36) and patients who received more than 540 defined daily doses of ACEIs per year (aHR =1.80; 95% CI = 1.43–-2.27) had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer. The cumulative incidence of lung cancer was also significantly higher in the ACEI cohort than in the ARB cohort (log-rank test, p = 0.002). Conclusions: ACEI use is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer compared with ARB use. Patients using ARBs have a significantly lower risk of lung cancer than non-ARB users.
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Yu X, Li C, Chen H, Ji Z. Evaluate Air Pollution by Promethee Ranking in Yangtze River Delta of China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17020587. [PMID: 31963273 PMCID: PMC7013759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of problems that are related to population, resources, environment, and ecology have emerged in recent years with the advancement of industrialization and urbanization in China. Especially, air pollution has become a severe trouble that directly endangers the health of residents. Accordingly, it is a need to make the assessment of air quality among cities, so that corresponding measures can be taken. For this purpose, ten major cities are selected as the research objects in Yangtze River Delta. Additionally, this study gathers and processes the data of five main air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2, O3, and NO2, respectively. Furthermore, the maximizing deviation method is used to obtain the respective weight of these pollutants and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) is introduced into the assessment of air quality among ten cities. As a result, the ranking of air quality in Ningbo, Wenzhou, Shanghai, and Shaoxing was at the fore from 2014 to 2017. Meanwhile, the performance of Ningbo has always kept the top two and Shaoxing’s ranking has risen since 2015. In addition, the air quality of Changzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou was at an average level in the past four years. Moreover, the performance of Nanjing, Wuxi, and Zhenjiang was terrible when compared to other cities. Some useful suggestions have been proposed to control air quality based on the ranking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (C.L.); (H.C.); (Z.J.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-9587-6056
| | - Chenliang Li
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (C.L.); (H.C.); (Z.J.)
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (C.L.); (H.C.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhonghui Ji
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (C.L.); (H.C.); (Z.J.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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27
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Liu Y, Tao L, Zhang J, Liu J, Li H, Liu X, Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Guo X. Impact of Commuting Mode on Obesity Among a Working Population in Beijing, China: Adjusting for Air Pollution. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3959-3968. [PMID: 33122932 PMCID: PMC7591004 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have considered the interplay between commuting mode and air pollution on obesity. The aim of this study was to examine whether workplace air pollutants exposure modifying the associations between different commuting mode and obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional study of workers in Beijing was conducted in 2016. The study sample comprised 10,524 participants aged 18 to 65 years old. Outcomes were defined as overall obesity (BMI≥ 28 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 85 cm in men and WC ≥ 80 cm in women). Commuting modes were divided into walking, cycling, bus, subway, and car or taxi. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios relating commuting mode to overall and abdominal obesity and stratified by gender, controlling for covariates. RESULTS The association between commuting mode and obesity was more strongly in men than women. In the fully adjusted models, compared with car or taxi commuters, cycling (men: OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.68) or bus (men: OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.36 to 0.94) counterparts had a lower risk of overall obesity. Compared with car or taxi commuters, walking (men: OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.36 to 0.91), bus (men: OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.39 to 0.89), or subway (men: OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.39 to 0.89) counterparts had a lower risk of abdominal obesity. We observed significant interactions between exposure PM10 and cycling on overall obesity in men. After adjusting for air pollutants, the association between commuting mode and obesity was slightly strengthened. CONCLUSION This study findings indicate that active (walking or cycling) or public (bus or subway) commuting modes were protected factors for overall and abdominal obesity among men. Air pollutants do not obscure the benefits of active or public commuting for obesity. These associations support the policy for increasing active or public commuting as a strategy to reduce the prevalence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Beijing Physical Examination Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Global Health and Genomics, School of Medical Sciences and Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiuhua Guo Email
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28
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Lee SW, Yon DK, James CC, Lee S, Koh HY, Sheen YH, Oh JW, Han MY, Sugihara G. Short-term effects of multiple outdoor environmental factors on risk of asthma exacerbations: Age-stratified time-series analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1542-1550.e1. [PMID: 31536730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the different age groups had differences in sensitivity of asthma exacerbations (AEs) to environmental factors, no comprehensive study has examined the age-stratified effects of environmental factors on AEs. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the short-term effects in age-stratified groups (infants, preschool children, school-aged children, adults, and the elderly) of outdoor environmental factors (air pollutants, weather conditions, aeroallergens, and respiratory viral epidemics) on AEs. METHODS We performed an age-stratified analysis of the short-term effects of 4 groups of outdoor environmental factors on AEs in Seoul Metropolitan City (Korea) from 2008 and 2012. The statistical analysis used a Poisson generalized linear regression model, with a distributed lag nonlinear model for identification of lagged and nonlinear effects and convergent cross-mapping for identification of causal associations. RESULTS Analysis of the total population (n = 10,233,519) indicated there were 28,824 AE events requiring admission to an emergency department during the study period. Diurnal temperature range had significant effects in pediatric (infants, preschool children, and school-aged children) and elderly (relative risk [RR], 1.056-1.078 and 1.016, respectively) subjects. Tree and weed pollen, human rhinovirus, and influenza virus had significant effects in school-aged children (RR, 1.014, 1.040, 1.042, and 1.038, respectively). Tree pollen and influenza virus had significant effects in adults (RR, 1.026 and 1.044, respectively). Outdoor air pollutants (particulate matter of ≤10 μm in diameter, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) had significant short-term effects in all age groups (except for carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide in infants). CONCLUSION These findings provide a need for the development of tailored strategies to prevent AE events in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Graduate School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea; Medical Corps, Republic of Korea Army, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chase C James
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif
| | - Shinhae Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Koh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Youn Ho Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif
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Hidaka T, Fujimura T, Aiba S. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates Carcinogenesis and Maintenance of Skin Cancers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:194. [PMID: 31552251 PMCID: PMC6736988 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to a wide range of chemicals, including chemical carcinogens such as dioxins and carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and induces a battery of genes associated with detoxification, proliferation, and immune regulation. Recent reports suggest that AHR plays an important role in carcinogenesis and maintenance of various types of skin cancers. Indeed, AHR is a susceptibility gene for squamous cell carcinoma and a prognostic factor for melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. In addition, the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet (UV) and chemical carcinogens, both of which are major environmental carcinogenetic factors of skin, are at least partly mediated by AHR, which regulates UV-induced inflammation and apoptosis, the DNA repair system, and metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. Furthermore, AHR modulates the efficacy of key therapeutic agents in melanoma. AHR activation induces the expression of resistance genes against the inhibitors of V600E mutated B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) in melanoma and upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in tumor-infiltrating T cells surrounding melanoma. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of AHR in the biology of skin cancers. Development of therapeutic agents that modulate AHR activity is a promising strategy to advance chemoprevention and chemotherapy for skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Hidaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Parrado C, Mercado-Saenz S, Perez-Davo A, Gilaberte Y, Gonzalez S, Juarranz A. Environmental Stressors on Skin Aging. Mechanistic Insights. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31354480 PMCID: PMC6629960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier that protects us against environmental stressors (physical, chemical, and biological). These stressors, combined with internal factors, are responsible for cutaneous aging. Furthermore, they negatively affect the skin and increase the risk of cutaneous diseases, particularly skin cancer. This review addresses the impact of environmental stressors on skin aging, especially those related to general and specific external factors (lifestyle, occupation, pollutants, and light exposure). More specifically, we have evaluated ambient air pollution, household air pollutants from non-combustion sources, and exposure to light (ultraviolet radiation and blue and red light). We approach the molecular pathways involved in skin aging and pathology as a result of exposure to these external environmental stressors. Finally, we reflect on how components of environmental stress can interact with ultraviolet radiation to cause cell damage and the critical importance of knowing the mechanisms to develop new therapies to maintain the skin without damage in old age and to repair its diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Parrado
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sivia Mercado-Saenz
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Medicine and Medical Specialties Department, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Sciences School, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Zhou ZH, Deng Y, Tan QW, Wu KY, Yang XY, Zhou XL. [Emission Inventory and Characteristics of Anthropogenic Air Pollutant Sources in the Sichuan Province]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:5344-5358. [PMID: 30628377 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201804109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on anthropogenic source activity data and emission factors for the Sichuan Province, the 1 km×1 km-gridded atmospheric air pollutant emission inventory of 2015 was developed in combination with GIS technology and the combined "bottom-up" and "top-down" construction method. The results show that the total emission of SO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, BC, OC, VOCs, and NH3 in Chengdu is 444.9×103, 820.0×103, 3773.1×103, 1371.6×103, 537.5×103, 28.7×103, 53.1×103, 923.6×103, and 988.0×103 t, respectively. Power plants and other industrial combustion boilers contribute more than 95% of the SO2 emissions. Mobile, fossil fuel combustion, and industrial process sources contribute 54%, 23%, and 20% of the NOx emissions, respectively. The industrial process of steel production and building materials manufacturing contribute 20% PM10 of the emissions and take up 34% PM2.5 of the emissions. Fugitive dust and road fugitive dust contributes 60% PM10 and 35% PM2.5 of the emissions, respectively. Biomass combustion contributes 33% BC and 51% OC of the emissions, respectively. The solvent use of mechanical processing, building decoration, electronic equipment manufacturing, and printing and furniture industry contribute 46% of the VOCs of the emissions. The NH3 emissions mainly orginate from the sources of livestock feeding and nitrogen fertilizers, accounting for 70% and 25% of the NH3 emissions, respectively. The spatial distribution of the emissions shows that high emissions are mainly distributed in the most densely populated, agricultural, and industrial more developed areas in Panzhihua and the Sichuan Basin. The urban agglomerations of the Chengdu Plain, represented by Chengdu, Deyang, and Mianyang, are the areas with emission concentration in the Sichuan Basin. The emissions inventory in this study has uncertainties. More fundamental studies on activity data should be conducted and the emission factors of typical emission sources should be further localized to improve the emission inventory and prevention and control of complex air pollution in the Sichuan Province and provide scientific support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hang Zhou
- Chengdu Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Research, Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.,College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Chengdu Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Research, Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qin-Wen Tan
- Chengdu Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Research, Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ke-Ying Wu
- Chengdu Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Research, Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- Chengdu Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Research, Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhou
- Chengdu Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Research, Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
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Borghi F, Spinazzè A, Campagnolo D, Rovelli S, Cattaneo A, Cavallo DM. Precision and Accuracy of a Direct-Reading Miniaturized Monitor in PM 2.5 Exposure Assessment. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E3089. [PMID: 30217099 PMCID: PMC6164905 DOI: 10.3390/s18093089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision, accuracy, practicality, and potential uses of a PM2.5 miniaturized monitor (MM) in exposure assessment. These monitors (AirBeam, HabitatMap) were compared with the widely used direct-reading particulate matter monitors and a gravimetric reference method for PM2.5. Instruments were tested during 20 monitoring sessions that were subdivided in two different seasons to evaluate the performance of sensors across various environmental and meteorological conditions. Measurements were performed at an urban background site in Como, Italy. To evaluate the performance of the instruments, different analyses were conducted on 8-h averaged PM2.5 concentrations for comparison between direct-reading monitors and the gravimetric method, and minute-averaged data for comparison between the direct-reading instruments. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether the two measurement methods, when compared, could be considered comparable and/or mutually predictive. Further, Bland-Altman plots were used to determine whether the methods were characterized by specific biases. Finally, the correlations between the error associated with the direct-reading instruments and the meteorological parameters acquired at the sampling point were investigated. Principal results show a moderate degree of agreement between MMs and the reference method and a bias that increased with an increase in PM2.5 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications "G. Parenti", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 59, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Domenico M Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Cho SY, Cho KM, Chong S, Park K, Kim S, Kang H, Kim SJ, Kwak G, Kim J, Jung HT. Rational Design of Aminopolymer for Selective Discrimination of Acidic Air Pollutants. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1329-1337. [PMID: 29869879 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strong acidic gases such as CO2, SO2, and NO2 are harsh air pollutants with major human health threatening factors, and as such, developing new tools to monitor and to quickly sense these gases is critically required. However, it is difficult to selectively detect the acidic air pollutants with single channel material due to the similar chemistry shared by acidic molecules. In this work, three acidic gases (i.e., CO2, SO2, and NO2) are selectively discriminated using single channel material with precise moiety design. By changing the composition ratio of primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) amines of polyethylenimine (PEI) on CNT channels, unprecedented high selectivity between CO2 and SO2 is achieved. Using in situ FT-IR characterizations, the distinct adsorption phenomenon of acidic gases on each amine moiety is precisely demonstrated. Our approach is the first attempt at controlling gas adsorption selectivity of solid-state sensor via modulating chemical moiety level within the single channel material. In addition, discrimination of CO2, SO2, and NO2 with the single channel material solid-state sensor is first reported. We believe that this approach can greatly enhance air pollution tracking systems for strong acidic pollutants and thus aid future studies on selective solid-state gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sanggyu Chong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kangho Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungtak Kim
- Plant Engineering Division, Energy & Environment Research Team, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE), Yongin 17180, Korea
| | - Hohyung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon Joon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Geunjae Kwak
- C1 Gas Conversion Research Group, Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases linked to air pollution. Rev Environ Health 2018; 33:111-122. [PMID: 29346115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has become an environmental burden with regard to non-communicable diseases, particularly heart disease. It has been reported that air pollution can accelerate the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Air pollutants encompass various particulate matters (PMs), which change the blood composition and heart rate and eventually leads to cardiac failure by triggering atherosclerotic plaque ruptures or by developing irreversible ischemia. A series of major epidemiological and observational studies have established the noxious effect of air pollutants on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms of its susceptibility and the pathological disease events remain largely elusive and are predicted to be initiated in the cell organelle. The basis of this belief is that mitochondria are one of the major targets of environmental toxicants that can damage mitochondrial morphology, function and its DNA (manifested in non-communicable diseases). In this article, we review the literature related to air pollutants that adversely affect the progression of CVD and that target mitochondrial morphological and functional activities and how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation, which reflects the airborne oxidant-induced cell damage, correlates with heart failure. We conclude that environmental health assessment should focus on the cellular/circulatory mitochondrial functional copy number status, which can predict the outcome of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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Liu SV, Chen FL, Xue J. Evaluation of Traffic Density Parameters as an Indicator of Vehicle Emission-Related Near-Road Air Pollution: A Case Study with NEXUS Measurement Data on Black Carbon. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1581. [PMID: 29244754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An important factor in evaluating health risk of near-road air pollution is to accurately estimate the traffic-related vehicle emission of air pollutants. Inclusion of traffic parameters such as road length/area, distance to roads, and traffic volume/intensity into models such as land use regression (LUR) models has improved exposure estimation. To better understand the relationship between vehicle emissions and near-road air pollution, we evaluated three traffic density-based indices: Major-Road Density (MRD), All-Traffic Density (ATD) and Heavy-Traffic Density (HTD) which represent the proportions of major roads, major road with annual average daily traffic (AADT), and major road with commercial annual average daily traffic (CAADT) in a buffered area, respectively. We evaluated the potential of these indices as vehicle emission-specific near-road air pollutant indicators by analyzing their correlation with black carbon (BC), a marker for mobile source air pollutants, using measurement data obtained from the Near-road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS). The average BC concentrations during a day showed variations consistent with changes in traffic volume which were classified into high, medium, and low for the morning rush hours, the evening rush hours, and the rest of the day, respectively. The average correlation coefficients between BC concentrations and MRD, ATD, and HTD, were 0.26, 0.18, and 0.48, respectively, as compared with −0.31 and 0.25 for two commonly used traffic indicators: nearest distance to a major road and total length of the major road. HTD, which includes only heavy-duty diesel vehicles in its traffic count, gives statistically significant correlation coefficients for all near-road distances (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) that were analyzed. Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses show that season, traffic volume, HTD, and distance from major roads are highly related to BC measurements. Our analyses indicate that traffic density parameters may be more specific indicators of near-road BC concentrations for health risk studies. HTD is the best index for reflecting near-road BC concentrations which are influenced mainly by the emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines.
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Li R, Jiang N, Liu Q, Huang J, Guo X, Liu F, Gao Z. Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14010047. [PMID: 28067786 PMCID: PMC5295298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The air pollution in China is a severe problem. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of air pollutants on acute respiratory outcomes in outpatients. Outpatient data from 2 December 2013 to 1 December 2014 were collected, as well as air pollutant data including ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). We screened six categories of acute respiratory outcomes and analyzed their associations with different air pollutant exposures, including upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), acute bronchitis (AB), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), acute exacerbation of asthma (AE-asthma), and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (AEBX). A case-crossover design with a bidirectional control sampling approach was used for statistical analysis. A total of 57,144 patients were enrolled for analysis. PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, and CO exposures were positively associated with outpatient visits for URTI, AB, CAP, and AEBX. PM10, SO₂, and CO exposures were positively associated with outpatient visits for AECOPD. Exposure to O₃ was positively associated with outpatient visits for AE-asthma, but negatively associated with outpatient visits for URTI, CAP, and AEBX. In conclusion, air pollutants had acute effects on outpatient visits for acute respiratory outcomes, with specific outcomes associated with specific pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Qichen Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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Li Z, Carter JD, Dailey LA, Huang YCT. Pollutant particles produce vasoconstriction and enhance MAPK signaling via angiotensin type I receptor. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1009-14. [PMID: 16079071 PMCID: PMC1280341 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with acute cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, but the mechanisms are not entirely clear. In this study, we hypothesized that PM may activate the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates inflammation and vascular function. We investigated the acute effects of St. Louis, Missouri, urban particles (UPs; Standard Reference Material 1648) on the constriction of isolated rat pulmonary artery rings and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with or without losartan, an antagonist of AT1R. UPs at 1-100 microg/mL induced acute vasoconstriction in pulmonary artery. UPs also produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Losartan pretreatment inhibited both the vasoconstriction and the activation of ERK1/2 and p38. The water-soluble fraction of UPs was sufficient for inducing ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, which was also losartan inhibitable. Copper and vanadium, two soluble transition metals contained in UPs, induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, but only the phosphorylation of p38 was inhibited by losartan. The UP-induced activation of ERK1/2 and p38 was attenuated by captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that activation of the local renin-angiotensin system may play an important role in cardiovascular effects induced by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Becker S, Dailey LA, Soukup JM, Grambow SC, Devlin RB, Huang YCT. Seasonal variations in air pollution particle-induced inflammatory mediator release and oxidative stress. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1032-8. [PMID: 16079075 PMCID: PMC1280345 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) show seasonal variations. We hypothesized that these heterogeneous effects may be attributed partly to the differences in the elemental composition of PM. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and alveolar macrophages (AMs) were exposed to equal mass of coarse [PM with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5-10 microm (PM(2.5-10)], fine (PM(2.5)), and ultrafine (PM(<0.1)) ambient PM from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, during October 2001 (fall) and January (winter), April (spring), and July (summer) 2002. Production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured. Coarse PM was more potent in inducing cytokines, but not ROSs, than was fine or ultrafine PM. In AMs, the October coarse PM was the most potent stimulator for IL-6 release, whereas the July PM consistently stimulated the highest ROS production measured by dichlorofluorescein acetate and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR). In NHBE cells, the January and the October PM were consistently the strongest stimulators for IL-8 and ROS, respectively. The July PM increased only ROS measured by DHR. PM had minimal effects on chemiluminescence. Principal-component analysis on elemental constituents of PM of all size fractions identified two factors, Cr/Al/Si/Ti/Fe/Cu and Zn/As/V/Ni/Pb/Se, with only the first factor correlating with IL-6/IL-8 release. Among the elements in the first factor, Fe and Si correlated with IL-6 release, whereas Cr correlated with IL-8 release. These positive correlations were confirmed in additional experiments with PM from all 12 months. These results indicate that elemental constituents of PM may in part account for the seasonal variations in PM-induced adverse health effects related to lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Becker
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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