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Peralta-Ruiz Y, Molina Hernandez JB, Grande-Tovar CD, Serio A, Valbonetti L, Chaves-López C. Antifungal Mechanism of Ruta graveolens Essential Oil: A Colombian Traditional Alternative against Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Molecules 2024; 29:3516. [PMID: 39124920 PMCID: PMC11314608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report for the first time on the mechanisms of action of the essential oil of Ruta graveolens (REO) against the plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In particular, the presence of REO drastically affected the morphology of hyphae by inducing changes in the cytoplasmic membrane, such as depolarization and changes in the fatty acid profile where straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased by up to 92.1%. In addition, REO induced changes in fungal metabolism and triggered apoptosis-like responses to cell death, such as DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of essential enzymes involved in fungal metabolism, such as acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, was significantly reduced in the presence of REO. In addition, C. gloeosporioides activated naphthol-As-BI phosphohydrolase as a mechanism of response to REO stress. The data obtained here have shown that the essential oil of Ruta graveolens has a strong antifungal effect on C. gloeosporioides. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a surface disinfectant and as a viable replacement for fungicides commonly used to treat anthracnose in the postharvest testing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimmy Peralta-Ruiz
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | - Junior Bernardo Molina Hernandez
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia;
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
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de Souza-Maciel E, Carvalho-Kelly LF, Freitas-Mesquita AL, Meyer-Fernandes JR. The ecto-3'-nucleotidase activity of Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites increases their adhesion to host cells through the generation of extracellular adenosine. Eur J Protistol 2024; 94:126086. [PMID: 38688045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii, a free-living amoeba, can be pathogenic to humans causing a corneal infection named Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The mannose-binding protein (MBP) is well established as the major factor related to Acanthamoeba pathogenesis. However, additional factors that participate in the adhesion process and protect trophozoites from cytolytic effects caused by host immune responses remain unknown. Ectonucleotidases, including 3'-nucleotidase/nuclease (3'-NT/NU), a bifunctional enzyme that was recently reported in A. castellanii, are frequently related to the establishment of parasitic infections. We verified that trophozoites can hydrolyze 3'-AMP, and this activity is similar to that observed in other protists. The addition of 3'-AMP increases the adhesion of trophozoites to LLC-MK2 epithelial cells, and this stimulation is completely reversed by DTT, an inhibitor of ecto-3'-nucleotidase activity. Lesions in corneal cells caused by AK infection may elevate the extracellular level of 3'-AMP. We believe that ecto-3'-nucleotidase activity can modulate the host immune response, thus facilitating the establishment of parasitic infection. This activity results from the generation of extracellular adenosine, which can bind to purinergic receptors present in host immune cells. Positive feedback may occur in this cascade of events once the ecto-3'-nucleotidase activity of trophozoites is increased by the adhesion of trophozoites to LLC-MK2 cells.
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Carvalho-Kelly LF, Freitas-Mesquita AL, Ferreira Pralon C, de Souza-Maciel E, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Identification and characterization of an ectophosphatase activity involved in Acanthamoeba castellanii adhesion to host cells. Eur J Protistol 2023; 91:126026. [PMID: 37871554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoeba and an opportunistic pathogen for humans that can cause encephalitis and, more commonly, Acanthamoeba keratitis. During its life cycle, A. castellanii may present as proliferative and infective trophozoites or resistant cysts. The adhesion of trophozoites to host cells is a key first step in the pathogenesis of infection. A major virulence protein of Acanthamoeba is a mannose-binding protein (MBP) that mediates the adhesion of amoebae to cell surfaces. Ectophosphatases are ecto-enzymes that can dephosphorylate extracellular substrates and have already been described in several microorganisms. Regarding their physiological roles, there is consistent evidence that ectophosphatase activities play an important role in parasite-host interactions. In the present work, we identified and biochemically characterized the ectophosphatase activity of A. castellanii. The ectophosphatase activity is acidic, stimulated by magnesium, cobalt and nickel, and presents the following apparent kinetic parameters: Km = 2.12 ± 0.54 mM p-NPP and Vmax = 26.12 ± 2.53 nmol p-NP × h-1 × 10-6 cells. We observed that sodium orthovanadate, ammonium molybdate, sodium fluoride, and inorganic phosphate are able to inhibit ectophosphatase activity. Comparing the two stages of the A. castellanii lifecycle, ectophosphatase activity is significantly higher in trophozoites than in cysts. The ectophosphatase activity is stimulated by mannose residues and is significantly increased when trophozoites interact with LLC-MK2 cells. The inhibition of ectophosphatase by pretreatment with sodium orthovanadate also inhibits the adhesion of trophozoites to epithelial cells. These results allow us to conclude that the ectophosphatase activity of A. castellanii is somehow important for the adhesion of trophozoites to their host cells. According to our data, we believe that the activation of MBP by mannose residues triggers the stimulation of ectophosphatase activity to facilitate the adhesion process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara Ferreira Pralon
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Freitas-Mesquita AL, Carvalho-Kelly LF, Majerowicz TSS, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Euglena gracilis: Biochemical properties of a membrane bound ecto-phosphatase activity modulated by fluoroaluminate complexes and different trophic conditions. Eur J Protistol 2023; 90:126010. [PMID: 37540916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The ecto-phosphatases belong to a group of enzymes closely associated with the cell surface that has its catalytic site facing the extracellular environment, where different phosphorylated substrates can be hydrolyzed. In the present work, we biochemically characterized the ecto-phosphatase activity of the freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis, a model microorganism, ubiquitously distributed and resistant to several environmental stressors. The ecto-phosphatase activity is acidic, stimulated by copper and presents the following apparent kinetic parameters: Km = 2.52 ± 0.12 mM p-NPP and Vmax = 3.62 ± 0.06 nmol p-NP × h-1 × 106 cells. We observed that zinc, orthovanadate, molybdate, fluoride, and inorganic phosphate inhibit the ecto-phosphatase activity with different magnitudes. Fluoroaluminate complexes are also inhibitors of this ecto-phosphatase activity. They can be formed in the enzyme reaction conditions and are likely to occur in a natural environment where E. gracilis can be found. The ecto-phosphatase activity is constant through the culture growth phases and is negatively modulated after continuous subculturing in the dark when a shift from phototrophic to the heterotrophic metabolism is likely. The analysis of those biochemical parameters may contribute to understanding the role of E. gracilis ecto-phosphatase activity in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Leocadio Freitas-Mesquita
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Fernando Carvalho-Kelly
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaís Souza Silveira Majerowicz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Senador Furtado, 121. Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20270-021, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Akkuş-Dağdeviren ZB, Saleh A, Schöpf C, Truszkowska M, Bratschun-Khan D, Fürst A, Seybold A, Offterdinger M, Marx F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Phosphatase-degradable nanoparticles: A game-changing approach for the delivery of antifungal proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:290-300. [PMID: 37196502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Polyphosphate nanoparticles as phosphatase-degradable carriers for Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein (PAF) can enhance the antifungal activity of the protein against Candida albicans biofilm. EXPERIMENTS PAF-polyphosphate (PP) nanoparticles (PAF-PP NPs) were obtained through ionic gelation. The resulting NPs were characterized in terms of their particle size, size distribution and zeta potential. Cell viability and hemolysis studies were carried out in vitro on human foreskin fibroblasts (Hs 68 cells) and human erythrocytes, respectively. Enzymatic degradation of NPs was investigated by monitoring release of free monophosphates in the presence of isolated as well as C. albicans-derived phosphatases. In parallel, shift in zeta potential of PAF-PP NPs as a response to phosphatase stimuli was determined. Diffusion of PAF and PAF-PP NPs through C. albicans biofilm matrix was analysed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Antifungal synergy was evaluated on C. albicans biofilm by determining the colony forming units (CFU). FINDINGS PAF-PP NPs were obtained with a mean size of 300.9 ± 4.6 nm and a zeta potential of -11.2 ± 2.8 mV. In vitro toxicity assessments revealed that PAF-PP NPs were highly tolerable by Hs 68 cells and human erythrocytes similar to PAF. Within 24 h, 21.9 ± 0.4 μM of monophosphate was released upon incubation of PAF-PP NPs having final PAF concentration of 156 μg/ml with isolated phosphatase (2 U/ml) leading to a shift in zeta potential up to -0.7 ± 0.3 mV. This monophosphate release from PAF-PP NPs was also observed in the presence of C. albicans-derived extracellular phosphatases. The diffusivity of PAF-PP NPs within 48 h old C. albicans biofilm matrix was similar to that of PAF. PAF-PP NPs enhanced antifungal activity of PAF against C. albicans biofilm decreasing the survival of the pathogen up to 7-fold in comparison to naked PAF. In conclusion, phosphatase-degradable PAF-PP NPs hold promise as nanocarriers to augment the antifungal activity of PAF and enable its efficient delivery to C. albicans cells for the potential treatment of Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Burcu Akkuş-Dağdeviren
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ahmad Saleh
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, A.H.Nasution, Kendari 93231, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Cristina Schöpf
- Biocenter, Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martyna Truszkowska
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Bratschun-Khan
- Biocenter, Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Fürst
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Seybold
- Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Offterdinger
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biooptics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florentine Marx
- Biocenter, Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline Complexes Are Active against Fonsecaea pedrosoi Viability and Negatively Modulate Its Potential Virulence Attributes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030356. [PMID: 36983524 PMCID: PMC10057124 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Fonsecaea is one of the etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic subcutaneous disease that is difficult to treat. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of copper(II), manganese(II) and silver(I) complexes coordinated with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)/1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) on Fonsecaea spp. Our results revealed that most of these complexes were able to inhibit F. pedrosoi, F. monophora and F. nubica conidial viability with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.6 to 100 µM. The most effective complexes against F. pedrosoi planktonic conidial cells, the main etiologic agent of CBM, were [Ag(phen)2]ClO4 and [Ag2(3,6,9-tdda)(phen)4].EtOH, (tdda: 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioate), displaying MIC values equal to 1.2 and 0.6 µM, respectively. These complexes were effective in reducing the viability of F. pedrosoi biofilm formation and maturation. Silver(I)-tdda-phen, combined with itraconazole, reduced the viability and extracellular matrix during F. pedrosoi biofilm development. Moreover, both silver(I) complexes inhibited either metallo- or aspartic-type peptidase activities of F. pedrosoi as well as its conidia into mycelia transformation and melanin production. In addition, the complexes induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in F. pedrosoi. Taken together, our data corroborate the antifungal action of metal-phen complexes, showing they represent a therapeutic option for fungal infections, including CBM.
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β-Nitrostyrene derivatives as broad range potential antifungal agents targeting fungal cell wall. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kushwaha AS, Kumar M. An effective in-gel assay protocol for the assessment of acid phosphatase (ACPase) isoform expression in the fungus Serendipita indica. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:40. [PMID: 35070630 PMCID: PMC8741913 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of acid phosphatase (ACPase) in the mycorrhizal fungi is an adaptive survival mechanism to cope in a low-phosphate environment. A mycorrhizal fungi Serendipita indica can induce the ACPase enzyme and enhance the phosphate (Pi) level to the host plant through Pi-solubilization mechanism, both intracellular and extracellular (media) levels. The spectrophotometer technique has been widely and commonly used to measure the ACPase enzyme activity in all microorganisms and plants using pNPP as a substrate. However, this technique cannot be useful when studying the involvement of ACPase isoforms in Pi-solubilization. In this article, we developed a single method to identify and express the ACPase isoforms of S. indica that contribute to the Pi-nutrition in the plant. This is native-PAGE electrophoresis with the in-gel assay and staining to detect the isoforms of the ACPase enzyme. The dark red-brown color developed after staining indicates the non-denatured (native) ACPase enzyme. This method utilized a modified minimal media for the de-repression of P-responsive genes such as ACPases with minimum salt contamination in the samples. This method will be helpful for the characterization of secretory and intracellular ACPases in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Singh Kushwaha
- grid.417638.f0000 0001 2194 5503Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- grid.417638.f0000 0001 2194 5503Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
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Favre-Godal Q, Schwob P, Lecoultre N, Hofstetter V, Gourguillon L, Riffault-Valois L, Lordel-Madeleine S, Gindro K, Choisy P. Plant-microbe features of Dendrobium fimbriatum (Orchidaceae) fungal community. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Synthesis, Antimicrobial Study, and Molecular Docking Simulation of 3,4-Dimethoxy-β-Nitrostyrene Derivatives as Candidate PTP1B Inhibitor. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A derivative series of 3,4-dimethoxy-β-nitrostyrene was synthesized through nitroaldol reaction, including a new compound of 3,4-ethylenedioxy-β-bromo-β-nitrostyrene. The antimicrobial activity effect of 3,4-alkyloxy modification of β-nitrostyrene was investigated. A molecular docking study was also performed to obtain information about their interactions with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The active residues of cysteine-215 and arginine-221 of PTP1B play a key role in signaling pathways that regulate various microorganism cell functions. It also acts as a negative regulator in signaling pathways of insulin that are involved in type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. These derivatives exhibited potential antifungal activity. The studied compounds were also had potential as fragments to be PTP1B inhibitors by interacting with serine-216 and arginine-221 residues, according to their molecular docking. 3,4-Ethylenedioxy-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrene was the most successful potential candidate as a PTP1B inhibitor. However, further research is needed to investigate their potential for medicinal use.
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Gomes-Vieira AL, Paes-Vieira L, Zamboni DKBB, Dos-Santos ALA, Dick CF, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Ectophosphatase activity in the early-diverging fungus Blastocladiella emersonii: Biochemical characterization and possible role on cell differentiation. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 117:43-53. [PMID: 30030178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Blastocladiella emersonii is an interesting model for studding the evolution of cell differentiation in eukaryotic cell because of its taxonomic position towards the base of the fungal phylogenetic tree and because it undergoes radical morphological and biochemical changes throughout its life cycle. In this work, we biochemically characterized a high alkaline phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity present on the cell surface (ectophosphatase) of B. emersonii. The ectophosphatase activity was strongly inhibited at acidic pH values as well as by specific phosphatase inhibitors, such as sodium orthovanadate and bpv-PHEN. In addition, the enzyme activity was modulated by the extracellular concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) present in both reaction mixture and culture medium. Phosphotyrosine was hydrolysed at the same extent of its analog, p-NPP, while the hydrolysis of phosphothreonine was 2-fold lower, suggesting that a phosphotyrosine ectophosphatase activity is present on the cell surface of B. emersonii. The ectophosphatase activity was also strongly inhibited by EGTA, indicating the participation of Ca2+ ions on catalysis. The hydrolysis of p-NPP was differentially regulated throughout the B. emersonii life cycle, suggesting that the ectophosphatase activity could be involved in cell differentiation processes. In support of this, the addition of bpv-PHEN or vanadate at the beginning of germination inhibited the differentiation of zoospores to germ cells, compared to control or tartrate-treated cells. On the other hand, if the inhibitors are added 15 or 30 min after initiation of germination the inhibitory effect on zoospore germination decreases significantly, suggesting that the phosphotyrosine ectophosphatase activity is important at the first minutes of germination. The addition of vanadate, molybdate and bpv-PHEN during vegetative growth inhibited the enlargement of the cells compared to control or tartrate-treated cells. Finally, vanadate or bpv-PHEN added during sporulation strongly inhibited zoospore biogenesis, indicating an important role of such ectophosphatases in this differentiation process. Taken together, these data show the existence of a high alkaline ectophosphotyrosine phosphatase activity in B. emersonii that is probably tied to cell differentiation processes of the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Gomes-Vieira
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lisvane Paes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayana K B B Zamboni
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - André L A Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudia F Dick
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ong GH, Ho XH, Shamkeeva S, Manasha Savithri Fernando AS, Wong LS. Biosorption study of potential fungi for copper remediation from Peninsular Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghim Hock Ong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University; Malaysia
| | - Xin Han Ho
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University; Malaysia
| | - Saikal Shamkeeva
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University; Malaysia
| | | | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University; Malaysia
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Kumar Tripathy M, Weeraratne G, Clark G, Roux SJ. Apyrase inhibitors enhance the ability of diverse fungicides to inhibit the growth of different plant-pathogenic fungi. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:1012-1023. [PMID: 27392542 PMCID: PMC6638264 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated that the treatment of Arabidopsis plants with chemical inhibitors of apyrase enzymes increases their sensitivity to herbicides. In this study, we found that the addition of the same or related apyrase inhibitors could potentiate the ability of different fungicides to inhibit the growth of five different pathogenic fungi in plate growth assays. The growth of all five fungi was partially inhibited by three commonly used fungicides: copper octanoate, myclobutanil and propiconazole. However, when these fungicides were individually tested in combination with any one of four different apyrase inhibitors (AI.1, AI.10, AI.13 or AI.15), their potency to inhibit the growth of five fungal pathogens was increased significantly relative to their application alone. The apyrase inhibitors were most effective in potentiating the ability of copper octanoate to inhibit fungal growth, and least effective in combination with propiconazole. Among the five pathogens assayed, that most sensitive to the fungicide-potentiating effects of the inhibitors was Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Overall, among the 60 treatment combinations tested (five pathogens, four apyrase inhibitors, three fungicides), the addition of apyrase inhibitors increased significantly the sensitivity of fungi to the fungicide treatments in 53 of the combinations. Consistent with their predicted mode of action, inhibitors AI.1, AI.10 and AI.13 each increased the level of propiconazole retained in one of the fungi, suggesting that they could partially block the ability of efflux transporters to remove propiconazole from these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Tripathy
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Gayani Weeraratne
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Greg Clark
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Stanley J. Roux
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
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De Carvalho FO, Silva ÉR, Felipe FA, Teixeira LGB, Zago LBS, Nunes PS, Shanmugam S, Serafini MR, Araújo AADS. Natural and synthetic products used for the treatment of smoke inhalation: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:877-886. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1339790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Érika Ramos Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Araújo Felipe
- Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Santos Nunes
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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15
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Antibody Binding Alters the Characteristics and Contents of Extracellular Vesicles Released by Histoplasma capsulatum. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00085-15. [PMID: 27303729 PMCID: PMC4894687 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00085-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse fungal species release extracellular vesicles, indicating that this is a common pathway for the delivery of molecules to the extracellular space. However, there has been no study reporting the impact of antibody binding to the fungal cell on extracellular vesicle release. In the present work, we observed that treatment of H. capsulatum cells with Hsp60-binding MAbs significantly changed the size and cargo of extracellular vesicles, as well as the enzymatic activity of certain virulence factors, such as laccase and phosphatase. Furthermore, this finding demonstrates that antibody binding can directly impact protein loading in vesicles and fungal metabolism. Hence, this work presents a new role for antibodies in the modification of fungal physiology. Histoplasma capsulatum produces extracellular vesicles containing virulence-associated molecules capable of modulating host machinery, benefiting the pathogen. Treatment of H. capsulatum cells with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) can change the outcome of infection in mice. We evaluated the sizes, enzymatic contents, and proteomic profiles of the vesicles released by fungal cells treated with either protective MAb 6B7 (IgG1) or nonprotective MAb 7B6 (IgG2b), both of which bind H. capsulatum heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60). Our results showed that treatment with either MAb was associated with changes in size and vesicle loading. MAb treatments reduced vesicle phosphatase and catalase activities compared to those of vesicles from untreated controls. We identified 1,125 proteins in vesicles, and 250 of these manifested differences in abundance relative to that of proteins in vesicles isolated from yeast cells exposed to Hsp60-binding MAbs, indicating that surface binding of fungal cells by MAbs modified protein loading in the vesicles. The abundance of upregulated proteins in vesicles upon MAb 7B6 treatment was 44.8% of the protein quantities in vesicles from fungal cells treated with MAb 6B7. Analysis of orthologous proteins previously identified in vesicles from other fungi showed that different ascomycete fungi have similar proteins in their extracellular milieu, many of which are associated with virulence. Our results demonstrate that antibody binding can modulate fungal cell responses, resulting in differential loading of vesicles, which could alter fungal cell susceptibility to host defenses. This finding provides additional evidence that antibody binding modulates microbial physiology and suggests a new function for specific immunoglobulins through alterations of fungal secretion. IMPORTANCE Diverse fungal species release extracellular vesicles, indicating that this is a common pathway for the delivery of molecules to the extracellular space. However, there has been no study reporting the impact of antibody binding to the fungal cell on extracellular vesicle release. In the present work, we observed that treatment of H. capsulatum cells with Hsp60-binding MAbs significantly changed the size and cargo of extracellular vesicles, as well as the enzymatic activity of certain virulence factors, such as laccase and phosphatase. Furthermore, this finding demonstrates that antibody binding can directly impact protein loading in vesicles and fungal metabolism. Hence, this work presents a new role for antibodies in the modification of fungal physiology.
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Pasquali M, Serchi T, Cocco E, Leclercq CC, Planchon S, Guignard C, Renaut J, Hoffmann L. A Fusarium graminearum strain-comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by agmatine. J Proteomics 2016; 137:107-16. [PMID: 26585460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant pathogens face different environmental clues depending on the stage of the infection cycle they are in. Fusarium graminearum infects small grain cereals producing trichothecenes type B (TB) that act as virulence factor in the interaction with the plant and have important food safety implications. This study addresses at the proteomic level the effect of an environmental stimulus (such as the presence of a polyamine like agmatine) possibly encountered by the fungus when it is already within the plant. Because biological diversity affects the proteome significantly, a multistrain (n=3) comparative approach was used to identify consistent effects caused on the fungus by the nitrogen source (agmatine or glutamic acid). Proteomics analyses were performed by the use of 2D-DIGE. Results showed that agmatine augmented TB production but not equally in all strains. The polyamine reshaped drastically the proteome of the fungus activating specific pathways linked to the translational control within the cell. Chromatin restructuring, ribosomal regulations, protein and mRNA processing enzymes were modulated by the agmatine stimulus as well as metabolic, structural and virulence-related proteins, suggesting the need to reshape specifically the fungal cell for TB production, a key step for the pathogen spread within the spike. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Induction of toxin synthesis by plant compounds plays a crucial role in toxin contamination of food and feed, in particular trichothecenes type B produced mainly by F. graminearum on wheat. This work describes the level of diversity of 3 strains facing 2 toxin inducing plant derived compounds. This knowledge is of use for the research community on toxigenic Fusarium strains in cereals for understanding the role of fungal diversity in toxin inducibility. This work also suggests that environmental clues that can be found within the plant during infection (like different nitrogen compounds) are crucial stimuli for reshaping the proteome profile and consequently the specialization profiling of the fungus, ultimately leading to very different toxin contamination levels in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pasquali
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - T Serchi
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - E Cocco
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C C Leclercq
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Planchon
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C Guignard
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J Renaut
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - L Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Sato VS, Jorge JA, Guimarães LHS. Characterization of a Thermotolerant Phytase Produced by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus Biofilm on an Inert Support Using Sugarcane Bagasse as Carbon Source. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:610-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Sato VS, Galdiano Júnior RF, Rodrigues GR, Lemos EGM, Pizauro Junior JM. Kinetic characterization of a novel acid ectophosphatase from Enterobacter asburiae. J Microbiol 2016; 54:106-13. [PMID: 26832666 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of acid ectophosphatase by Enterobacter asburiae, isolated from Cattleya walkeriana (Orchidaceae) roots and identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, was strictly regulated by phosphorus ions, with its optimal activity being observed at an inorganic phosphate concentration of 7 mM. At the optimum pH 3.5, intact cells released p-nitrophenol at a rate of 350.76 ± 13.53 nmol of p-nitrophenolate (pNP)/min/10(8) cells. The membrane-bound enzyme was obtained by centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 1 h at 4 °C. p-Nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) hydrolysis by the enzyme follows "Michaelis-Menten" kinetics with V = 61.2 U/mg and K0.5 = 60 μM, while ATP hydrolysis showed V = 19.7 U/mg, K0.5 = 110 μM, and nH = 1.6 and pyrophosphate hydrolysis showed V = 29.7 U/mg, K0.5 = 84 μM, and nH = 2.3. Arsenate and phosphate were competitive inhibitors with K i = 0.6 mM and K i = 1.8 mM, respectively. p-Nitrophenyl phosphatase (pNPPase) activity was inhibited by vanadate, while p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, EDTA, calcium, copper, and cobalt had no inhibitory effects. Magnesium ions were stimulatory (K0.5 = 2.2 mM and nH = 0.5). Production of an acid ectophosphatase can be a mechanism for the solubilization of mineral phosphates by microorganisms such as Enterobacter asburiae that are versatile in the solubilization of insoluble minerals, which, in turn, increases the availability of nutrients for plants, particularly in soils that are poor in phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sayuri Sato
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884 900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato F Galdiano Júnior
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884 900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gisele Regina Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884 900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eliana G M Lemos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884 900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Martins Pizauro Junior
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Tecnologia, 14884 900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Rodrigues L, Russo-Abrahão T, Cunha RA, Gonçalves T, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Characterization of extracellular nucleotide metabolism in Candida albicans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 363:fnv212. [PMID: 26538575 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most frequent agent of human disseminated fungal infection. Ectophosphatase and ectonucleotidase activities are known to influence the infectious potential of several microbes, including other non-albicans species of Candida. With the present work we aim to characterize these ecto-enzymatic activities in C. albicans. We found that C. albicans does not have a classical ecto-5'-nucleotidase enzyme and 5'AMP is cleaved by a phosphatase instead of exclusively by a nucleotidase that also can use 3'AMP as a substrate. Moreover, these enzymatic activities are not dependent on secreted soluble enzymes and change when the yeast cells are under infection conditions, including low pH, and higher temperature and CO2 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thais Russo-Abrahão
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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