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Parameshwaraiah SM, Shivakumar R, Xi Z, Siddappa TP, Ravish A, Mohan A, Poonacha LK, Uppar PM, Basappa S, Dukanya D, Gaonkar SL, Kemparaju K, Lobie PE, Pandey V, Basappa B. Development of Novel Indazolyl-Acyl Hydrazones as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agents that Target VEGFR-2 in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301950. [PMID: 38258537 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The increased expression of VEGFR-2 in a variety of cancer cells promotes a cascade of cellular responses that improve cell survival, growth, and proliferation. Heterocycles are common structural elements in medicinal chemistry and commercially available medications that target several biological pathways and induce cell death in cancer cells. Herein, the evaluation of indazolyl-acyl hydrazones as antioxidant and anticancer agents is reported. Compounds 4e and 4j showed inhibitory activity in free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and FRPA). The titled compounds were employed in cell viability studies using MCF-7 cells, and it was observed that compounds 4f and 4j exhibited IC50 values 15.83 μM and 5.72 μM, respectively. In silico docking revealed the favorable binding energies of -7.30 kcal/mol and -8.04 kcal/mol for these compounds towards Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), respectively. In conclusion, compounds with antioxidant activity and that target VEGFR-2 in breast cancer cells are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu M Parameshwaraiah
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Rashmi Shivakumar
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Zhang Xi
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tejaswini P Siddappa
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Akshay Ravish
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Arunkumar Mohan
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lisha K Poonacha
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Pradeep M Uppar
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Shreeja Basappa
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, 500078, India
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Santhosh L Gaonkar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kempaiah Kemparaju
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Tsinghua University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, Mysore, 570006, India
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2
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Elzahhar PA, Orioli R, Hassan NW, Gobbi S, Belluti F, Labib HF, El-Yazbi AF, Nassra R, Belal ASF, Bisi A. Chromone-based small molecules for multistep shutdown of arachidonate pathway: Simultaneous inhibition of COX-2, 15-LOX and mPGES-1 enzymes. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116138. [PMID: 38219658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
As a new approach to the management of inflammatory disorders, a series of chromone-based derivatives containing a (carbamate)hydrazone moiety was designed and synthesized. The compounds were assessed for their ability to inhibit COX-1/2, 15-LOX, and mPGES-1, as a combination that should effectively impede the arachidonate pathway. Results revealed that the benzylcarbazates (2a-c) demonstrated two-digit nanomolar COX-2 inhibitory activities with reasonable selectivity indices. They also showed appreciable 15-LOX inhibition, in comparison to quercetin. Further testing of these compounds for mPGES-1 inhibition displayed promising activities. Intriguingly, compounds 2a-c were capable of suppressing edema in the formalin-induced rat paw edema assay. They exhibited an acceptable gastrointestinal safety profile regarding ulcerogenic liabilities in gross and histopathological examinations. Additionally, upon treatment with the test compounds, the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was elevated, whereas that of TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, and COX-2 were downregulated in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 macrophages. Docking experiments into the three enzymes showed interesting binding profiles and affinities, further substantiating their biological activities. Their in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Orioli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nayera W Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Silvia Gobbi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Belluti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hala F Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy of Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and the Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, 5060335, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Rasha Nassra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Silva LP, Santos IP, Silva DKC, dos Reis BPZC, Meira CS, Castro MVBDS, dos Santos Filho JM, de Araujo-Neto JH, Ellena JA, da Silveira RG, Soares MBP. Molecular Hybridization Strategy on the Design, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of Ferrocene- N-acyl Hydrazones as Immunomodulatory Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238343. [PMID: 36500436 PMCID: PMC9737981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory agents are widely used for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases, but the range of side effects of the available drugs makes necessary the search for new immunomodulatory drugs. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of new ferrocenyl-N-acyl hydrazones derivatives (SintMed(141−156). The evaluated N-acyl hydrazones did not show cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations, presenting CC50 values greater than 50 µM. In addition, all ferrocenyl-N-acyl hydrazones modulated nitrite production in immortalized macrophages, showing inhibition values between 14.4% and 74.2%. By presenting a better activity profile, the ferrocenyl-N-acyl hydrazones SintMed149 and SintMed150 also had their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect evaluated in cultures of peritoneal macrophages. The molecules were not cytotoxic at any of the concentrations tested in peritoneal macrophages and were able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the production of nitrite, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Interestingly, both molecules significantly reduced the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in cultured splenocytes activated with concanavalin A. Moreover, SintMed150 did not show signs of acute toxicity in animals treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg. Finally, we observed that ferrocenyl-N-acyl hydrazone SintMed150 at 100 mg/kg reduced the migration of neutrophils (44.6%) in an acute peritonitis model and increased animal survival by 20% in an LPS-induced endotoxic shock model. These findings suggest that such compounds have therapeutic potential to be used to treat diseases of inflammatory origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Peres Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Ivanilson Pimenta Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS—University Center SENAI/CIMATEC), Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcos Venícius Batista de Souza Castro
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis Applied to Medicinal Chemistry-SintMed®, Center for Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil
| | - José Maurício dos Santos Filho
- Laboratory of Design and Synthesis Applied to Medicinal Chemistry-SintMed®, Center for Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil
| | - João Honorato de Araujo-Neto
- Multiuser Laboratory of Structural Crystallography, Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier Alcides Ellena
- Multiuser Laboratory of Structural Crystallography, Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gomes da Silveira
- Multiuser Laboratory of Structural Crystallography, Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Goiás, Campus Ceres, Ceres 76300-000, GO, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS—University Center SENAI/CIMATEC), Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Branković J, Milivojević N, Milovanović V, Simijonović D, Petrović ZD, Marković Z, Šeklić DS, Živanović MN, Vukić MD, Petrović VP. Evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of phenolic N-acylhydrazones: structure-activity relationship. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211853. [PMID: 35706666 PMCID: PMC9174720 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still a relentless public health issue. Particularly, colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in men and the second in women. Moreover, cancer development and growth are associated with various cell disorders, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. The quest for efficient therapeutics is a challenging task, especially when it comes to achieving both cytotoxicity and selectivity. Herein, five series of phenolic N-acylhydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant potency, as well as their influence on HCT-116 and MRC-5 cells viability. Among 40 examined analogues, 20 of them expressed antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical. Furthermore, density functional theory was employed to estimate the antioxidant potency of the selected analogues from the thermodynamical aspect, as well as the preferable free-radical scavenging pathway. Cytotoxicity assay exposed enhanced selectivity of a number of analogues toward cancer cells. The structure-activity analysis revealed the impact of the type and position of the functional groups on both cell viability and selectivity toward cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovica Branković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Milivojević
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, Ljubićska 30, Čačak, Serbia
| | - Dušica Simijonović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zorica D. Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana S. Šeklić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko N. Živanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena D. Vukić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir P. Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Nazeri M, Chamanara M, Yousefi Zoshk M, Aghsami M, Noroozi Aghide A, Khajeh-Amiri A, Nassireslami E. Design, Docking Study, Synthesis, and Platelet Aggregometry Assay of Novel N'-Benzylidene-7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2,4-Dioxo-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidine-5-Carbohydrazide Derivatives as Antiplatelet Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2041679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nazeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
- AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Świątek P, Glomb T, Dobosz A, Gębarowski T, Wojtkowiak K, Jezierska A, Panek JJ, Świątek M, Strzelecka M. Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives of 4,6-Dimethyl-2-sulfanylpyridine-3-carboxamide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010549. [PMID: 35008977 PMCID: PMC8745710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, chronic inflammation is involved in most main human pathologies such as cancer, and autoimmune, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative disorders. Studies suggest that different prostanoids, especially prostaglandin E2, and their own synthase (cyclooxygenase enzyme-COX) can promote tumor growth by activating signaling pathways which control cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used, alongside corticosteroids, to treat inflammatory symptoms particularly in all chronic diseases. However, their toxicity from COX inhibition and the suppression of physiologically important prostaglandins limits their use. Therefore, in continuation of our efforts in the development of potent, safe, non-toxic chemopreventive compounds, we report herein the design, synthesis, biological evaluation of new series of Schiff base-type hybrid compounds containing differently substituted N-acyl hydrazone moieties, 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, and 4,6-dimethylpyridine core. The anti-COX-1/COX-2, antioxidant and anticancer activities were studied. Schiff base 13, containing 2-bromobenzylidene residue inhibited the activity of both isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2 at a lower concentration than standard drugs, and its COX-2/COX-1 selectivity ratio was similar to meloxicam. Furthermore, the results of cytotoxicity assay indicated that all of the tested compounds exhibited potent anti-cancer activity against A549, MCF-7, LoVo, and LoVo/Dx cell lines, compared with piroxicam and meloxicam. Moreover, our experimental study was supported by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular docking to describe the binding mode of new structures to cyclooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Świątek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.Ś.); (T.G.); Tel.: +48-717840391 (P.Ś. & T.G.)
| | - Teresa Glomb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.Ś.); (T.G.); Tel.: +48-717840391 (P.Ś. & T.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Medical Science Foundation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Wojtkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Aneta Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Jarosław J. Panek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (K.W.); (A.J.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Świątek
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Clinical Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Strzelecka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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The biological activities of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112556. [PMID: 34953393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor is the first choice for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it has some defects, such as dose limitation and unsatisfactory long-term treatment effect. Recent studies have shown that butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors or double acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitors have better curative effects on AD, and the side effects are lower than those of specific AChE inhibitors. Dual target cholinesterase inhibitors have become a new hotspot in the research of anti-AD drugs. Herein, the synthesis and bioactivities of BuChE inhibitors were reviewed.
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Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New N-Acyl Hydrazones with a Methyl Sulfonyl Moiety as Selective COX-2 Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100521. [PMID: 34411436 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is inhibition of specific prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The two COX isoenzymes show 60 % similarity. It is known that the nonspecific side effects of conventional NSAIDs are physiologically caused by inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme. Therefore, the use of COX-2 selective inhibitors is seen to be a more beneficial approach in reducing these negative effects. However, some of the existing COX-2 selective inhibitors show cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, studies on the development of new selective COX-2 inhibitors remain necessary. It is important to develop new COX-2 inhibitors in the field of medicinal chemistry. Accordingly, novel N-acyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized as new COX-2 inhibitors in this study. The hydrazone structure, also known for its COX activity, is important in terms of many biological activities and was preferred as the main structure in the design of these compounds. A methyl sulfonyl pharmacophore was added to the structure in order to increase the affinity for the polar side pocket present in the COX-2 enzyme. It is known that methyl sulfonyl groups are suitable for polar side pockets. The synthesis of the compounds (3a-3j) was characterized by spectroscopic methods. Evaluation of in vitro COX-1/COX-2 enzyme inhibition was performed by fluorometric method. According to the enzyme inhibition results, the obtained compounds displayed the predicted selectivity for COX-2 enzyme inhibition. Compound 3j showed important COX-2 inhibition with a value of IC50 =0.143 uM. Interaction modes between the COX-2 enzyme and compound 3j were investigated by docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
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9
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Halim PA, El-Nassan HB, El-Dash YS. Design and Synthesis of Novel Ibuprofen Derivatives as Selective COX-2 inhibitors and potential anti-inflammatory agents: Evaluation of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and histopathological study. Med Chem 2021; 18:427-443. [PMID: 34370644 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210809162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reported binding mode of ibuprofen in the COX-2 binding site indicated that the carboxylic group binds with Arg-120 and Tyr-355 at the entrance of the cyclooxygenase channel and does not extend into the pocket. This accounted for the non-selectivity of ibuprofen. Based on this fact, we assumed that extending the length of the carboxylic acid moiety in ibuprofen and adding more bulky rigid groups as well as bulky groups carrying H-bonding functions might increase the selectivity and reduce the side effects of ibuprofen while maintaining its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVE In this work, four series of ibuprofen derivatives were designed and prepared. The compounds were designed by increasing the length of the carboxylate group along with the incorporation of large hydrophobic groups. METHOD Four series of ibuprofen derivatives were synthesized starting from ibuprofen. Their chemical structure was confirmed by spectral data. All the compounds were tested for their COX inhibitory activity. RESULTS The best COX-2 activity and selectivity were obtained with compounds 5c and 5d, which were subjected to further in vivo testing (carrageenan-induced paw edema, rat serum PGE2, TNF- α and IL-6, hot plate latency test) to investigate their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as their effects on the gastric mucosa. The anti-inflammatory activity of both compounds was comparable to that of ibuprofen, diclofenac, and indomethacin. Both compounds suppressed the production of PGE2 as well as the rat serum concentrations of both TNF-α and IL-6. This potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic behavior was not accompanied by any effect on the gastric mucosa. Docking simulation studies of the two compounds explained the higher selectivity for the COX-2 enzyme. CONCLUSION Potent and selective ibuprofen derivatives can be successively obtained by extending the length of the carboxylic acid moiety in ibuprofen and adding more bulky rigid groups as well as bulky groups with H-bonding functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Amir Halim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yara Sayed El-Dash
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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10
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Ammar YA, Khalifa MM, Eisa SI, Ismail MMF. New Naproxen Analogs: Synthesis, Docking and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1871037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousry A. Ammar
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Khalifa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally I. Eisa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda M. F. Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Synthesis of Novel Diclofenac Hydrazones: Molecular Docking, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Ulcerogenic Activity. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4916726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to design novel diclofenac hydrazones having anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity with gastric sparing effect. A new series of 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]-N’-[(substituted phenyl) methylidene] acetohydrazide derivatives (1−14) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and ulcerogenic activity. The compounds were identified and confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. During anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced paw edema method, compounds (2, 3, 7, 8, 11, and 13) were found to be most promising. Compounds 3, 8, and 13 have been found to have significant analgesic activity compared to the reference drug diclofenac in analgesic activity by both the hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing method. The compounds which presented highly significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity were further tested for their ulcerogenic activity. Compounds 3 and 8 showed maximum ulcerogenic reduction activities. Compound 8 was found to have LD50 of 168 mg/kg. Compound 8 with 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl substitution was found to be the most promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent with gastric sparing activity. Molecular docking of compounds was performed for COX−1/COX−2 binding site. Lead compound 8 showed better binding affinities of −9.4 kJ/mol with both COX-1 and COX-2 as compared to the standard drug, diclofenac with binding affinities of −6.6 kJ/mol and −8.1 kJ/mol for COX−1 and COX−2, respectively.
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12
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Uzgoren-Baran A, Turk M, Ozer D, Yüksel D, Tunoglu N. A naproxen derived schiff-base for highly selective sensing of fluoride. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Moraes ADTDO, Miranda MDSD, Jacob ÍTT, Amorim CADC, Moura ROD, Silva SÂSD, Soares MBP, Almeida SMVD, Souza TRCDL, Oliveira JFD, Silva TGD, Melo CMLD, Moreira DRM, Lima MDCAD. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation, COX-1/2 inhibition and molecular docking study of indole-N-acylhydrazone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5388-5396. [PMID: 30293795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to obtain and evaluate anti-inflammatory in vitro, in vivo and in silico potential of novel indole-N-acylhydrazone derivatives. In total, 10 new compounds (3a-j) were synthesized in satisfactory yields, through a condensation reaction in a single synthesis step. In the lymphoproliferation assay, using mice splenocytes, 3a and 3b showed inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation of 62.7% (±3.5) and 50.7% (±2), respectively, while dexamethasone presented an inhibition of 74.6% (±2.4). Moreover, compound 3b induced higher Th2 cytokines production in mice splenocytes cultures. The results for COX inhibition assays showed that compound 3b is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, but with less potency when compared to celecoxib, and compound 3a not presented selectivity towards COX-2. The molecular docking results suggest compounds 3a and 3b interact with the active site of COX-2 in similar conformations, but not with the active site of COX-1, and this may be the main reason to the COX-2 selectivity of compound 3b. In vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema assays were adopted for the confirmation of the anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 3b showed better results in suppressing edema at all tested concentrations and was able to induce an edema inhibition of 100% after 5 h of carrageenan injection at the 30 mg kg-1 dosage, corroborating with the COX inhibition and lymphoproliferation results. I addition to our experimental results, in silico analysis suggest that compounds 3a and 3b present a well-balanced profile between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Thus, our preliminary results revealed the potentiality of a new COX-2 selective derivative in the modulation of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Íris Trindade Tenório Jacob
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Antibióticos (DANTI), 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), Departamento de Farmácia, 58429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz/Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Faculdade de Ciências, Educação e Tecnologia de Garanhuns (FACETEG), 55290-000 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Diogo Rodrigo Magalhães Moreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz/Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, 40296-710 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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14
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Dias Viegas FP, de Freitas Silva M, Divino da Rocha M, Castelli MR, Riquiel MM, Machado RP, Vaz SM, Simões de Lima LM, Mancini KC, Marques de Oliveira PC, Morais ÉP, Gontijo VS, da Silva FMR, D'Alincourt da Fonseca Peçanha D, Castro NG, Neves GA, Giusti-Paiva A, Vilela FC, Orlandi L, Camps I, Veloso MP, Leomil Coelho LF, Ionta M, Ferreira-Silva GÁ, Pereira RM, Dardenne LE, Guedes IA, de Oliveira Carneiro Junior W, Quaglio Bellozi PM, Pinheiro de Oliveira AC, Ferreira FF, Pruccoli L, Tarozzi A, Viegas C. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of N-benzyl-piperidinyl-aryl-acylhydrazone derivatives as donepezil hybrids: Discovery of novel multi-target anti-alzheimer prototype drug candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:48-65. [PMID: 29421570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of sixteen multifunctional N-benzyl-piperidine-aryl-acylhydrazones hybrid derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for multi-target activities related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The molecular hybridization approach was based on the combination, in a single molecule, of the pharmacophoric N-benzyl-piperidine subunit of donepezil, the substituted hydroxy-piperidine fragment of the AChE inhibitor LASSBio-767, and an acylhydrazone linker, a privileged structure present in a number of synthetic aryl- and aryl-acylhydrazone derivatives with significant AChE and anti-inflammatory activities. Among them, compounds 4c, 4d, 4g and 4j presented the best AChE inhibitory activities, but only compounds 4c and 4g exhibited concurrent anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, against amyloid beta oligomer (AβO) induced neuroinflammation. Compound 4c also showed the best in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects against AβO-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, compound 4c showed a similar binding mode to donepezil in both acetylated and free forms of AChE enzyme in molecular docking studies and did not show relevant toxic effects on in vitro and in vivo assays, with good predicted ADME parameters in silico. Overall, all these results highlighted compound 4c as a promising and innovative multi-target drug prototype candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Pereira Dias Viegas
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Miguel Divino da Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Maísa Rosa Castelli
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Mariana Máximo Riquiel
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira Machado
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Sarah Macedo Vaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Laís Medeiros Simões de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Karla Cristine Mancini
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | | | - Élida Parreira Morais
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Motta R da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Newton Gonçalves Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gilda A Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Vilela
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Orlandi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ihosvany Camps
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Felipe Leomil Coelho
- Laboratory of Vaccines, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laurent E Dardenne
- National Laboratory of Computational Sciences, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-075, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fábio Furlan Ferreira
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Letizia Pruccoli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Claudio Viegas
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Research on Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37133-840, Brazil.
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15
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MOHSIN NUA, AHMAD M. Hybrid organic molecules as antiinflammatory agents; a review of structural features and biological activity. Turk J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1706-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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16
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New Anti-Inflammatory HybridN-Acyl Hydrazone-Linked Isoxazole Derivatives as COX-2 Inhibitors:Rational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities of novel isoxazole/pyrimidine/pyrazole substituted benzimidazole analogs. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Gorantla V, Gundla R, Jadav SS, Anugu SR, Chimakurthy J, Nidasanametla SK, Korupolu R. Molecular hybrid design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-phenyl sulfonamide linked N-acyl hydrazone derivatives functioning as COX-2 inhibitors: new anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial agents. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activities of novel N-phenyl sulfonamide linked N-acylhydrazones (NPS–NAH) have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasubabu Gorantla
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- Andhra University College of Engineering (A)
- Vishakhapatnam
- India
- GVK Biosciences Private Limited
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Technology
- GITAM University
- Hyderabad (TS)
- India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghubabu Korupolu
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- Andhra University College of Engineering (A)
- Vishakhapatnam
- India
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19
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Gomes RA, Genesi GL, Maltarollo VG, Trossini GHG. Quantitative structure–activity relationships (HQSAR, CoMFA, and CoMSIA) studies for COX-2 selective inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1185379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renan A. Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovani L. Genesi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius G. Maltarollo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. G. Trossini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Tzeli D, Kozielewicz P, Zervou M, Potamitis C, Kokkotou K, Rak B, Petrou A, Tsolaki E, Gavalas A, Geronikaki A, Petsalakis ID, Tsoungas PG. 2, 2′-Dihydroxybenzophenones and Derivatives. Efficient Synthesis and Structure Endoscopy by DFT and NMR. Credentials as Potent Antiinflammatory Agents. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demeter Tzeli
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave. Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham, Edgbaston; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Biology; Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave. Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Constantinos Potamitis
- Institute of Biology; Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave. Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Katerina Kokkotou
- Institute of Biology; Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave. Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Benedikt Rak
- Centre for New Technologies; University of Warsaw; 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical.Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | - Evangelia Tsolaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical.Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | - Antonios Gavalas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical.Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical.Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute; National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave. Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Department of Biochemistry; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; 127 Vas.Sofias Ave. Athens GR-11521 Greece
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21
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Leishmanicidal activities of novel synthetic furoxan and benzofuroxan derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4837-47. [PMID: 24913171 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00052-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of furoxan (1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide) (compounds 3, 4a and -b, 13a and -b, and 14a to -f) and benzofuroxan (benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide) (compounds 7 and 8a to -c) derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for in vitro activity against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The furoxan derivatives exhibited the ability to generate nitric oxide at different levels (7.8% to 27.4%). The benzofuroxan derivative 8a was able to increase nitrite production in medium supernatant from murine macrophages infected with L. amazonensis at 0.75 mM after 48 h. Furoxan and benzofuroxan derivatives showed remarkable leishmanicidal activity against both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. Compounds 8a, 14a and -b, and 14d exerted selective leishmanicidal activities superior to those of amphotericin B and pentamidine. In vitro studies at pH 5.4 reveal that compound 8a is stable until 8 h and that compound 14a behaves as a prodrug, releasing the active aldehyde 13a. These compounds have emerged as promising novel drug candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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