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Alavi-Borazjani SA, da Cruz Tarelho LA, Capela MI. Biohythane production via anaerobic digestion process: fundamentals, scale-up challenges, and techno-economic and environmental aspects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49935-49984. [PMID: 39090294 PMCID: PMC11364592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Biohythane, a balanced mixture comprising bioH2 (biohydrogen) and bioCH4 (biomethane) produced through anaerobic digestion, is gaining recognition as a promising energy source for the future. This article provides a comprehensive overview of biohythane production, covering production mechanisms, microbial diversity, and process parameters. It also explores different feedstock options, bioreactor designs, and scalability challenges, along with techno-economic and environmental assessments. Additionally, the article discusses the integration of biohythane into waste management systems and examines future prospects for enhancing production efficiency and applicability. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers interested in advancing biohythane production as a sustainable and renewable energy solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azadeh Alavi-Borazjani
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís António da Cruz Tarelho
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Capela
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Gallo G, Imbimbo P, Aulitto M. The Undeniable Potential of Thermophiles in Industrial Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7685. [PMID: 39062928 PMCID: PMC11276739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms play a key role in understanding how life on Earth originated and evolved over centuries. Their ability to thrive in harsh environments relies on a plethora of mechanisms developed to survive at extreme temperatures, pressures, salinity, and pH values. From a biotechnological point of view, thermophiles are considered a robust tool for synthetic biology as well as a reliable starting material for the development of sustainable bioprocesses. This review discusses the current progress in the biomanufacturing of high-added bioproducts from thermophilic microorganisms and their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gallo
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Luo L, Mak KL, Mal J, Khanal SK, Pradhan N. Effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on taxonomic composition and hydrogen production from kitchen waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129578. [PMID: 37506933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varying zero-valent iron (ZVI) (0 to 5,000 mg/L) on fermentative hydrogen (H2) production, metabolic pattern, and taxonomic profile by using kitchen waste as substrate. The study demonstrated that the supplementation of 500 mg ZVI/L resulted in the highest H2 yield (219.68 ± 11.19 mL H2/g-volatile solids (VS)added), which was 19% higher than the control. The metabolic pattern analysis showed that acetic and butyric acid production primarily drove the H2 production. The taxonomic analysis further revealed that Firmicutes (relative abundance (RA): 80-96%) and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (RA: 68-88%) were the dominant phyla and genera, respectively, during the exponential gas production phase, supporting the observation of accumulation of acetic and butyric acids. These findings suggest that supplementation of ZVI can enhance H2 production from organic waste and significantly influence the metabolic pattern and taxonomic profile, including the metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ka Lee Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Moon J, Schubert A, Poehlein A, Daniel R, Müller V. A new metabolic trait in an acetogen: Mixed acid fermentation of fructose in a methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase mutant of Acetobacterium woodii. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:339-351. [PMID: 37150590 PMCID: PMC10472528 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To inactivate the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway in the acetogenic model bacterium Acetobacterium woodii, the genes metVF encoding two of the subunits of the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase were deleted. As expected, the mutant did not grow on C1 compounds and also not on lactate, ethanol or butanediol. In contrast to a mutant in which the first enzyme of the pathway (hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase) had been genetically deleted, cells were able to grow on fructose, albeit with lower rates and yields than the wild-type. Growth was restored by addition of an external electron sink, glycine betaine + CO2 or caffeate. Resting cells pre-grown on fructose plus an external electron acceptor fermented fructose to two acetate and four hydrogen, that is, performed hydrogenogenesis. Cells pre-grown under fermentative conditions on fructose alone redirected carbon and electrons to form lactate, formate, ethanol as well as hydrogen. Apparently, growth on fructose alone induced enzymes for mixed acid fermentation (MAF). Transcriptome analyses revealed enzymes potentially involved in MAF and a quantitative model for MAF from fructose in A. woodii is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimyung Moon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular BiosciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Anja Schubert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular BiosciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and GeneticsGeorg August UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and GeneticsGeorg August UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Volker Müller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular BiosciencesJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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Occurrence of Capnophilic Lactic Fermentation in the Hyperthermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium Thermotoga sp. Strain RQ7. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912049. [PMID: 36233345 PMCID: PMC9570489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) is an anaplerotic pathway exclusively identified in the anaerobic hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana, a member of the order Thermotogales. The CO2-activated pathway enables non-competitive synthesis of hydrogen and L-lactic acid at high yields, making it an economically attractive process for bioenergy production. In this work, we discovered and characterized CLF in Thermotoga sp. strain RQ7, a naturally competent strain, opening a new avenue for molecular investigation of the pathway. Evaluation of the fermentation products and expression analyses of key CLF-genes by RT-PCR revealed similar CLF-phenotypes between T. neapolitana and T. sp. strain RQ7, which were absent in the non-CLF-performing strain T. maritima. Key CLF enzymes, such as PFOR, HYD, LDH, RNF, and NFN, are up-regulated in the two CLF strains. Another important finding is the up-regulation of V-ATPase, which couples ATP hydrolysis to proton transport across the membranes, in the two CLF-performing strains. The fact that V-ATPase is absent in T. maritima suggested that this enzyme plays a key role in maintaining the necessary proton gradient to support high demand of reducing equivalents for simultaneous hydrogen and lactic acid synthesis in CLF.
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Luo L, Pradhan N. Salinity impact on the metabolic and taxonomic profiles of acid and alkali treated inoculum for hydrogen production from food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127815. [PMID: 36031126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the combined impact of salinity (2.5, 13, and 19.3 g NaCl/L) and inoculum pretreatment (acid/alkali) on the genomic and metabolic profiles of mesophilic fermentative bacteria for hydrogen (H2) production from food waste. Experimental results revealed that acid-treated inoculum showed the highest H2 yield (201.12 ± 13.84 mL H2/g of volatile solids added) under medium salinity levels compared to other experimental conditions. A 7-56% increase in H2 yield was observed for pretreated inoculum than untreated inoculum. Genomic analysis and metabolic pattern revealed that the H2 production was mainly through Clostridial-type fermentation under medium to high salinity levels, whereas Enterococcus-type fermentation under low salinity levels. Further, the genomic analysis uncovered that phyla Firmicutes (69.71-96.81%) and genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (33.28-94.04%) dominated during the exponential gas production phase. Overall, this study showed the significance of inoculum pretreatment for the bioconversion of food waste at different salinity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Luo L, Sriram S, Johnravindar D, Louis Philippe Martin T, Wong JWC, Pradhan N. Effect of inoculum pretreatment on the microbial and metabolic dynamics of food waste dark fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127404. [PMID: 35654323 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically evaluated and compared different inoculum pretreatment methods to quickly select dark fermentative bacteria from anaerobic sludge for the bioconversion of food waste. The hydrogen (H2) production rate was found to be highest for 'heat + CO2' treated inoculum at 140.75 ± 2.61 mL/L/h compared to control experiments (60.27 ± 2.61 mL/L/h). At the same time, H2 yield was found to be highest for alkali-treated inoculum at 157.25 ± 7.62 mL/g of volatile solids (VS) added compared to control experiments (91.61 ± 1.93 mL/g VS). Analysis of organic acids suggests a Clostridial-type fermentation with acetate (0.52 to 1.60 g/L) and butyrate (1.69 to 2.42 g/L) being the major by-products. The microbial data analysis showed that Firmicutes (63.64-90.39%), Bacteroidota (1.16-21.88%), and Proteobacteria (2.09-9.93%) were dominant at the phylum level, whereas genus-level classification showed Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (6.37-42.63%), Streptococcus (1.87-28.96%), Prevotella (0.57-16.59%), and Enterococcus (0.56-14.51%) dominated under different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Saranya Sriram
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Davidraj Johnravindar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Thomas Louis Philippe Martin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Hydrogen Production from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Alkali Pre-Treated Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.). ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The perennial rhizomatous grass giant reed (Arundo donax L.) can be exploited to produce hydrogen by dark fermentation. This implies a high availability of simple sugars, like glucose and xylose, and, thus, a pre-treatment is necessary to remove lignin and expose the holocellulose to enzymatic attack. This study aimed at evaluating the hydrogen production from giant reed hydrolysates. Giant reed dry meal was pre-treated with diluted NaOH (1.2% weight/weight), then the solid fraction was separated from the alkaline black liquor by filtration, enzymatically hydrolyzed with a cellulase blend (Cellic CTec2), and fermented in mesophilic batch conditions with a microbial consortium derived from pig slurry. The impact on hydrogen yield of initial pH was evaluated by comparing the hydrogen production from hydrolysates with not adjusted (5.3) or adjusted initial pH (8.7) using NaOH or alkaline black liquor. The highest hydrogen yield, 2.0 mol/mol of hexoses, was obtained with alkaline initial pH 8.7, regardless of how the pH adjustment was managed. The yield was 39% higher than that obtained in reactors with initial pH 5.3. In conclusion, thermo-alkaline pre-treatment followed by enzymatic saccharification and initial pH adjustment at 8.7 with the black liquor remaining after pre-treatment is a promising strategy to produce hydrogen from giant reeds in dark fermentation.
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9
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Le Y, Sun J. CRISPR/Cas genome editing systems in thermophiles: Current status, associated challenges, and future perspectives. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 118:1-30. [PMID: 35461662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermophiles, offering an attractive and unique platform for a broad range of applications in biofuels and environment protections, have received a significant attention and growing interest from academy and industry. However, the exploration and exploitation of thermophilic organisms have been hampered by the lack of a powerful genome manipulation tool to improve production efficiency. At current, the clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) system has been successfully exploited as a competent, simplistic, and powerful tool for genome engineering both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Indeed, with the significant efforts made in recent years, some thermostable Cas9 proteins have been well identified and characterized and further, some thermostable Cas9-based editing tools have been successfully established in some representative obligate thermophiles. In this regard, we reviewed the current status and its progress in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing system towards a variety of thermophilic organisms. Despite the potentials of these progresses, multiple factors/barriers still have to be overcome and optimized for improving its editing efficiency in thermophiles. Some insights into the roles of thermostable CRISPR/Cas technologies for the metabolic engineering of thermophiles as a thermophilic microbial cell factory were also fully analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Le
- Biofuels institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Improvement of CO 2 and Acetate Coupling into Lactic Acid by Genetic Manipulation of the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081688. [PMID: 34442767 PMCID: PMC8399208 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) represents an attractive biotechnological process for biohydrogen production and synthesis of L-lactic acid from acetate and CO2. The present study focuses on a genetic manipulation approach of the Thermotoga neapolitana DSM33003 strain to enhance lactic acid synthesis by the heterologous expression of a thermostable acetyl-CoA synthetase that catalyses the irreversible acetate assimilation. Because of the scarcity of available genetic tools, each transformation step was optimized for T. neapolitana DSM33003 to cope with the specific needs of the host strain. Batch fermentations with and without an external source of acetate revealed a strongly increased lactate production (up to 2.5 g/L) for the recombinant strain compared to wild type. In the engineered bacterium, the assimilation of CO2 into lactic acid was increased 1.7 times but the hydrogen yield was impaired in comparison to the wild type strain. Analysis of fermentation yields revealed an impaired metabolism of hydrogen in the recombinant strain that should be addressed in future studies. These results offer an important prospective for the development of a sustainable approach that combines carbon capture, energy production from renewable source, and the synthesis of high value-added products, which will be addressed in future studies.
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Pradhan N, d'Ippolito G, Dipasquale L, Esposito G, Panico A, Lens PNL, Fontana A. Kinetic modeling of hydrogen and L-lactic acid production by Thermotoga neapolitana via capnophilic lactic fermentation of starch. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125127. [PMID: 33873006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of hydrogen (H2) and L-lactic acid production from starch under capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) conditions by using Thermotoga neapolitana. Batch experiments were performed in 120 mL serum bottles and a 3 L pH-controlled continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) system with potato and wheat starch as the substrates. A H2 yield of 3.34 (±0.17) and 2.79 (±0.17) mol H2/mol of glucose eq. was achieved with, respectively, potato and wheat starch. In the presence of CO2, L-lactic acid production by the acetyl-CoA carboxylation was significantly higher for the potato starch (0.88 ± 0.39 mol lactic acid/mol glucose eq.) than wheat starch (0.33 ± 0.11 mol lactic acid/mol glucose eq.). A kinetic model was applied to simulate and predict the T. neapolitana metabolic profile and bioreactor performance under CLF conditions. The CLF-based starch fermentation suggests a new direction to biotransform agri-food waste into biofuels and valuable biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Pradhan
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Dipasquale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonio Panico
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611-AX Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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12
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Omine T, Kuroda K, Hatamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Yamauchi M, Yamada M. Reduction of alkalinity supplementation for acid-based wastewater treatment using a thermophilic multi-feed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:32-42. [PMID: 31094666 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1620864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Generally, Shochu distillery wastewater treatment is required the addition of alkalinity agents for an increase of pH in the UASB reactor. However, to reduce the cost of alkalinity supplementation, cost-effective reactor operation method has been desired. This study aimed to reduce the alkalinity supplementation for a thermophilic (55°C) multi-feed up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (MF UASB) reactor for the low-cost treatment of the wastewater from the production of the Japanese distilled alcohol called shochu. Shochu distillery wastewater contains high concentrations of organics (46,500-57,600 mgCOD L-1; COD: chemical oxygen demand) and volatile fatty acids (16,200-25,000 mgCOD L-1), and low pH (4.1-4.5). With alkalinity supplementation of 0.045 mgCaCO3 mgCOD-1 using 24% NaOH, the MF UASB reactor achieved an 87 ± 2% COD removal rate with an organic loading rate of 24 kgCOD m-3 day-1 for 554 days reactor operation (hydraulic retention time of 10 h and influent concentration of 10,000 mgCOD L-1). The organic removal rate decreased to 19 ± 3% in the MF UASB reactor when alkalinity supplementation was reduced to 0.015 mgCaCO3·mgCOD-1. In this study , the minimum alkalinity supplementation was 0.045 mgCaCO3 mgCOD-1 at an organic loading rate of 24 kgCOD m-3 day-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Omine
- Department of Urban Environmental Design and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kuroda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, Miyakonojo, Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Top Runner Incubation Center for Academia-Industry Fusion, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamauchi
- Department of Urban Environmental Design and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamada
- Department of Urban Environmental Design and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan
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Lanzilli M, Esercizio N, Vastano M, Xu Z, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, Manzo E, Fontana A, d’Ippolito G. Effect of Cultivation Parameters on Fermentation and Hydrogen Production in the Phylum Thermotogae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010341. [PMID: 33396970 PMCID: PMC7795431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Thermotogae is composed of a single class (Thermotogae), 4 orders (Thermotogales, Kosmotogales, Petrotogales, Mesoaciditogales), 5 families (Thermatogaceae, Fervidobacteriaceae, Kosmotogaceae, Petrotogaceae, Mesoaciditogaceae), and 13 genera. They have been isolated from extremely hot environments whose characteristics are reflected in the metabolic and phenotypic properties of the Thermotogae species. The metabolic versatility of Thermotogae members leads to a pool of high value-added products with application potentials in many industry fields. The low risk of contamination associated with their extreme culture conditions has made most species of the phylum attractive candidates in biotechnological processes. Almost all members of the phylum, especially those in the order Thermotogales, can produce bio-hydrogen from a variety of simple and complex sugars with yields close to the theoretical Thauer limit of 4 mol H2/mol consumed glucose. Acetate, lactate, and L-alanine are the major organic end products. Thermotagae fermentation processes are influenced by various factors, such as hydrogen partial pressure, agitation, gas sparging, culture/headspace ratio, inoculum, pH, temperature, nitrogen sources, sulfur sources, inorganic compounds, metal ions, etc. Optimization of these parameters will help to fully unleash the biotechnological potentials of Thermotogae and promote their applications in industry. This article gives an overview of how these operational parameters could impact Thermotogae fermentation in terms of sugar consumption, hydrogen yields, and organic acids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariamichela Lanzilli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Nunzia Esercizio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Marco Vastano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-8675096
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Saidi R, Hamdi M, Bouallagui H. Hyperthermophilic hydrogen production in a simplified reaction medium containing onion wastes as a source of carbon and sulfur. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17382-17392. [PMID: 32157539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hyperthermophilic dark fermentation of onion wastes (OW) for hydrogen production was investigated. OW were used at different proportions in mixed fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) to evaluate their effect on hydrogen production by Thermotoga maritima. Fermentations were performed in a pH-controlled batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) using seawater as a simplified reaction medium. Results showed that increasing OW proportions in total fruit and vegetable wastes (tFVW) improved H2 production. Therefore, increasing the OW to tFVW ratio from 0 to 0.8 increased the cumulative H2 production from 109 to 223.6 mmol/L. The H2 productivity was also improved from 7.3 to 28.82 mmol/h.L. In fact, OW contain carbohydrates, sulfur compounds, and other nutrients, which were used as a carbon source and energetic substrate for H2 production by the halophilic bacterium T. maritima in seawater without additional chemical compounds. Then, a H2 yield of 3.36 mol H2/mol hexose was achieved using 200 mL of OW, containing 55 mmol/L of carbohydrates. A concept of H2 production from FVW at high proportions of OW in a simplified reaction medium was proposed. It allowed a H2 yield of 209 LH2/kg volatile solids which could be an interesting future alternative to the current fossil fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Saidi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Bouallagui
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia.
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15
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d'Ippolito G, Landi S, Esercizio N, Lanzilli M, Vastano M, Dipasquale L, Pradhan N, Fontana A. CO 2-Induced Transcriptional Reorganization: Molecular Basis of Capnophillic Lactic Fermentation in Thermotoga neapolitana. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 32132982 PMCID: PMC7039931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) is a novel anaplerotic pathway able to convert sugars to lactic acid (LA) and hydrogen using CO2 as carbon enhancer in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. In order to give further insights into CLF metabolic networks, we investigated the transcriptional modification induced by CO2 using a RNA-seq approach. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1601 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in an enriched CO2 atmosphere over a total of 1938 genes of the T. neapolitana genome. Transcription of PFOR and LDH genes belonging to the CLF pathway was up-regulated by CO2 together with 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (EDD) of the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The transcriptomic study also revealed up-regulation of genes coding for the flavin-based enzymes NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase (NFN) and NAD-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (RNF) that control supply of reduced ferredoxin and NADH and allow energy conservation-based sodium translocation through the cell membrane. These results support the hypothesis that CO2 induces rearrangement of the central carbon metabolism together with activation of mechanisms that increase availability of the reducing equivalents that are necessary to sustain CLF. In this view, this study reports a first rationale of the molecular basis of CLF in T. neapolitana and provides a list of target genes for the biotechnological implementation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nunzia Esercizio
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mariamichella Lanzilli
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Vastano
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Laura Dipasquale
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nirakar Pradhan
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
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16
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Dreschke G, Papirio S, Scala A, Lens PNL, Esposito G. High rate continuous biohydrogen production by hyperthermophilic Thermotoga neapolitana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122033. [PMID: 31472408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on continuous-flow hydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) decreasing from 24 to 5 h. At each HRT reduction, the hydrogen yield (HY) immediately dropped, but recovered during prolonged cultivation at constant HRT. The final HY in each operating period decreased from 3.4 (±0.1) to 2.0 (±0.0) mol H2/mol glucose when reducing the HRT from 24 to 7 h. Simultaneously, the hydrogen production rate (HPR) and the liquid phase hydrogen concentration (H2aq) increased from 82 (±1) to 192 (±4) mL/L/h and from 9.1 (±0.3) to 15.6 (±0.7) mL/L, respectively. Additionally, the effluent glucose concentration increased from 2.1 (±0.1) to above 10 mM. Recirculating H2-rich biogas prevented the supersaturation of H2aq reaching a value of 9.3 (±0.7) mL/L, resulting in complete glucose consumption and the highest HPR of 277 mL/L/h at an HRT of 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Dreschke
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Scala
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO - IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611-AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Extreme thermophiles as emerging metabolic engineering platforms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 59:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Mattossovich R, Merlo R, Fontana A, d'Ippolito G, Terns MP, Watts EA, Valenti A, Perugino G. A journey down to hell: new thermostable protein-tags for biotechnology at high temperatures. Extremophiles 2019; 24:81-91. [PMID: 31555904 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The specific labelling of proteins in recent years has made use of self-labelling proteins, such as the SNAP-tag® and the Halotag®. These enzymes, by their nature or suitably engineered, have the ability to specifically react with their respective substrates, but covalently retaining a part of them in the catalytic site upon reaction. This led to the synthesis of substrates conjugated with, e.g., fluorophores (proposing them as alternatives to fluorescent proteins), but also with others chemical groups, for numerous biotechnological applications. Recently, a mutant of the OGT from Saccharolobus solfataricus (H5) very stable to high temperatures and in the presence of physical and chemical denaturing agents has been proposed as a thermostable SNAP-tag® for in vivo and in vitro harsh reaction conditions. Here, we show two new thermostable OGTs from Thermotoga neapolitana and Pyrococcus furiosus, which, respectively, display a higher catalytic activity and thermostability respect to H5, proposing them as alternatives for in vivo studies in these extreme model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mattossovich
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Council of Research of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Merlo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Council of Research of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Michael P Terns
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Watts
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anna Valenti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Council of Research of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Council of Research of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Repeated-Batch Fermentation of Cheese Whey for Semi-Continuous Lactic Acid Production Using Mixed Cultures at Uncontrolled pH. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The paper investigates mixed-culture lactate (LA) fermentation of cheese whey (CW) in order to verify the possibility of using waste materials as feedstock to produce a product with high economic potential. The fermentation performance of two reactors operating in repeated-batch mode under uncontrolled pH conditions and various hydraulic retention time and feeding conditions was evaluated in terms of LA production. Five experimental phases were conducted. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was varied from 1 to 4 days to verify its effect on the process performance. The best results, corresponding to the maximum LA concentration (20.1 g LA/L) and the maximum LA yield (0.37 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)(LA)/g COD(CW)), were reached by feeding the reactors with cheese whey alone and setting the HRT to 2 days. The maximum productivity of lactic acid (10.6 g LA/L/day) was observed when the HRT was decreased to 1 day.
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Capnophilic Lactic Fermentation from Thermotoga neapolitana: A Resourceful Pathway to Obtain Almost Enantiopure L-lactic Acid. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of lactic acid (LA) is mainly based on bacterial fermentation. This process can result in enantiopure or racemic mixture according to the producing organism. Between the enantiomers, L-lactic acid shows superior market value. Recently, we reported a novel anaplerotic pathway called capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) that produces a high concentration of LA by fermentation of sugar in the anaerobic thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana. The aim of this work was the identification of the enantiomeric characterization of the LA produced by T. neapolitana and identification of the lactate dehydrogenase in T. neapolitana (TnLDH) and related bacteria of the order Thermotogales. Chemical derivatization and GC/MS analysis were applied to define the stereochemistry of LA from T. neapolitana. A bioinformatics study on TnLDH was carried out for the characterization of the enzyme. Chemical analysis showed a 95.2% enantiomeric excess of L-LA produced by T. neapolitana. A phylogenetic approach clearly clustered the TnLDH together with the L-LDH from lactic acid bacteria. We report for the first time that T. neapolitana is able to produce almost enantiopure L-lactic acid. The result was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis on TnLDH, which is a member of the L-LDH sub-family.
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21
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Dreschke G, Papirio S, Sisinni DMG, Lens PNL, Esposito G. Effect of feed glucose and acetic acid on continuous biohydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:416-424. [PMID: 30463055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of feed glucose and acetic acid on biohydrogen production by Thermotoga neapolitana under continuous-flow conditions. Increasing the feed glucose concentration from 11.1 to 41.6 mM decreased the hydrogen yield from 3.6 (±0.1) to 1.4 (±0.1) mol H2/mol glucose. The hydrogen production rate concomitantly increased until 27.8 mM of feed glucose but remained unaffected when feed glucose was further raised to 41.6 mM. Increasing the acetic acid concentration from 0 to 240 mM hampered dark fermentation in batch bioassays, diminishing the cumulative hydrogen production by 45% and the hydrogen production rate by 57%, but induced no negative effect during continuous operation. Indeed, throughout the continuous flow operation the process performance improved considerably, as indicated by the 47% increase of hydrogen yield up to 3.1 (±0.1) mol H2/mol glucose on day 110 at 27.8 mM feed glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Dreschke
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Désirée M G Sisinni
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO - IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611-AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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22
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Luongo V, Palma A, Rene ER, Fontana A, Pirozzi F, Esposito G, Lens PNL. Lactic acid recovery from a model of Thermotoga neapolitana fermentation broth using ion exchange resins in batch and fixed-bed reactors. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1520727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Luongo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Applications Renato Caccioppoli, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Palma
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eldon R. Rene
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Fontana
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Piet N. L. Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
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23
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Greses S, Zamorano-López N, Borrás L, Ferrer J, Seco A, Aguado D. Effect of long residence time and high temperature over anaerobic biodegradation of Scenedesmus microalgae grown in wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:425-434. [PMID: 29709811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of indigenous Scenedesmus spp. microalgae was studied in continuous lab-scale anaerobic reactors at different temperatures (35 °C and 55 °C), and sludge retention time - SRT (50 and 70 days). Mesophilic digestion was performed in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). Mesophilic CSTR operated at 50 days SRT only achieved 11.9% of anaerobic biodegradability whereas in the AnMBR at 70 days SRT and 50 days HRT reached 39.5%, which is even higher than the biodegradability achieved in the thermophilic CSTR at 50 days SRT (30.4%). Microbial analysis revealed a high abundance of cellulose-degraders in both reactors, AnMBR (mainly composed of 9.4% Bacteroidetes, 10.1% Chloroflexi, 8.0% Firmicutes and 13.2% Thermotogae) and thermophilic CSTR (dominated by 23.8% Chloroflexi and 12.9% Firmicutes). However, higher microbial diversity was found in the AnMBR compared to the thermophilic CSTR which is related to the SRT. since high SRT promoted low growth-rate microorganisms, increasing the hydrolytic potential of the system. These results present the membrane technology as a promising approach to revalue microalgal biomass, suggesting that microalgae biodegradability and consequently the methane production could be improved operating at higher SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greses
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - N Zamorano-López
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - L Borrás
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Av. de la Universitat s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - D Aguado
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Dipasquale L, Pradhan N, d’Ippolito G, Fontana A. Potential of Hydrogen Fermentative Pathways in Marine Thermophilic Bacteria: Dark Fermentation and Capnophilic Lactic Fermentation in Thermotoga and Pseudothermotoga Species. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Saidi R, Liebgott PP, Gannoun H, Ben Gaida L, Miladi B, Hamdi M, Bouallagui H, Auria R. Biohydrogen production from hyperthermophilic anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes in seawater: Simplification of the culture medium of Thermotoga maritima. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:474-484. [PMID: 29030117 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen production by the hyperthermophilic and halophilic bacterium T. maritima, using fruit and vegetable wastes as the carbon and energy sources was studied. Batch fermentation cultures showed that the use of a culture medium containing natural seawater and fruit and vegetable wastes can replace certain components (CaCl2, MgCl2, Balch's oligo-elements, yeast extract, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) present in basal medium. However, a source of nitrogen and sulfur remained necessary for biohydrogen production. When fruit and vegetable waste collected from a wholesale market landfill was used, no decreases in total H2 production (139 mmol L-1) or H2 yield (3.46 mol mol-1) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Saidi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Pol Liebgott
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Hana Gannoun
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, ISSBAT, 9 Avenue Zouhaïer-Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Ben Gaida
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, ISSBAT, 9 Avenue Zouhaïer-Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Baligh Miladi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Bouallagui
- Université de Carthage, Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Richard Auria
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Adsorption Behaviour of Lactic Acid on Granular Activated Carbon and Anionic Resins: Thermodynamics, Isotherms and Kinetic Studies. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Pagliano G, Ventorino V, Panico A, Pepe O. Integrated systems for biopolymers and bioenergy production from organic waste and by-products: a review of microbial processes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:113. [PMID: 28469708 PMCID: PMC5414342 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, issues concerning the sustainable and harmless disposal of organic solid waste have generated interest in microbial biotechnologies aimed at converting waste materials into bioenergy and biomaterials, thus contributing to a reduction in economic dependence on fossil fuels. To valorize biomass, waste materials derived from agriculture, food processing factories, and municipal organic waste can be used to produce biopolymers, such as biohydrogen and biogas, through different microbial processes. In fact, different bacterial strains can synthesize biopolymers to convert waste materials into valuable intracellular (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates) and extracellular (e.g., exopolysaccharides) bioproducts, which are useful for biochemical production. In particular, large numbers of bacteria, including Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes latus, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter beijerincki, methylotrophs, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., Nocardia spp., and recombinant Escherichia coli, have been successfully used to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates on an industrial scale from different types of organic by-products. Therefore, the development of high-performance microbial strains and the use of by-products and waste as substrates could reasonably make the production costs of biodegradable polymers comparable to those required by petrochemical-derived plastics and promote their use. Many studies have reported use of the same organic substrates as alternative energy sources to produce biogas and biohydrogen through anaerobic digestion as well as dark and photofermentation processes under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, concurrently obtaining bioenergy and biopolymers at a reasonable cost through an integrated system is becoming feasible using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources. An overview of the suitable substrates and microbial strains used in low-cost polyhydroxyalkanoates for biohydrogen and biogas production is given. The possibility of creating a unique integrated system is discussed because it represents a new approach for simultaneously producing energy and biopolymers for the plastic industry using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pagliano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Olimpia Pepe
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Pradhan N, Dipasquale L, d'Ippolito G, Fontana A, Panico A, Pirozzi F, Lens PNL, Esposito G. Model development and experimental validation of capnophilic lactic fermentation and hydrogen synthesis by Thermotoga neapolitana. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 99:225-234. [PMID: 27166592 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a kinetic model for a recently proposed unique and novel metabolic process called capnophilic (CO2-requiring) lactic fermentation (CLF) pathway in Thermotoga neapolitana. The model was based on Monod kinetics and the mathematical expressions were developed to enable the simulation of biomass growth, substrate consumption and product formation. The calibrated kinetic parameters such as maximum specific uptake rate (k), semi-saturation constant (kS), biomass yield coefficient (Y) and endogenous decay rate (kd) were 1.30 h(-1), 1.42 g/L, 0.1195 and 0.0205 h(-1), respectively. A high correlation (>0.98) was obtained between the experimental data and model predictions for both model validation and cross validation processes. An increase of the lactate production in the range of 40-80% was obtained through CLF pathway compared to the classic dark fermentation model. The proposed kinetic model is the first mechanistically based model for the CLF pathway. This model provides useful information to improve the knowledge about how acetate and CO2 are recycled back by Thermotoga neapolitana to produce lactate without compromising the overall hydrogen yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Dipasquale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Council of Research, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antonio Panico
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125, Naples, Italy.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611-AX, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy.
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Enrichment of Secondary Wastewater Sludge for Production of Hydrogen from Crude Glycerol and Comparative Evaluation of Mono-, Co- and Mixed-Culture Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010092. [PMID: 26771607 PMCID: PMC4730334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion using mixed-culture with broader choice of pretreatments for hydrogen (H2) production was investigated. Pretreatment of wastewater sludge by five methods, such as heat, acid, base, microwave and chloroform was conducted using crude glycerol (CG) as substrate. Results for heat treatment (100 °C for 15 min) showed the highest H2 production across the pretreatment methods with 15.18 ± 0.26 mmol/L of medium at 30 °C in absence of complex media and nutrient solution. The heat-pretreated inoculum eliminated H2 consuming bacteria and produced twice as much as H2 as compared to other pretreatment methods. The fermentation conditions, such as CG concentration (1.23 to 24 g/L), percentage of inoculum size (InS) (1.23% to 24% v/v) along with initial pH (2.98 to 8.02) was tested using central composite design (CCD) with H2 production as response parameter. The maximum H2 production of 29.43 ± 0.71 mmol/L obtained at optimum conditions of 20 g/L CG, 20% InS and pH 7. Symbiotic correlation of pH over CG and InS had a significant (p-value: 0.0011) contribution to H2 production. The mixed-culture possessed better natural acclimatization activity for degrading CG, at substrate inhibition concentration and provided efficient inoculum conditions in comparison to mono- and co-culture systems. The heat pretreatment step used across mixed-culture system is simple, cheap and industrially applicable in comparison to mono-/co-culture systems for H2 production.
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Biohydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Technology and Sustainability. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en81112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Ding Z, Bourven I, Guibaud G, van Hullebusch ED, Panico A, Pirozzi F, Esposito G. Role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in bioaggregation: application to wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9883-905. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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