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Meng C, Liu J, Kang X, Xu Z, Xu S, Li X, Pan Z, Chen X, Jiao X. Discrepancy in Response of Mouse Dendritic Cells against BCG: Weak Immune Effects of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Compared to Classical Dendritic Cells despite the Uptake of Bacilli. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030140. [PMID: 36977141 PMCID: PMC10057906 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a zoonosis characterized by chronic respiratory infections, is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is associated with one of the heaviest disease burdens in the world. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role and act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses against TB. DCs are divided into distinct subsets. Currently, the response of DCs to mycobacterial infections is poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the responses of splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), subsets to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infection in mice. Splenic pDC had a significantly higher infection rate and intracellular bacterial count than cDC and the CD8+ and CD8− cDC subsets after BCG infection. However, the expression levels of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II molecules were significantly upregulated in splenic cDC and the CD8 cDC subsets compared to pDC during BCG infection. Splenic cDC had a higher expression of IFN-γ and IL-12p70 than pDC, whereas pDC had higher levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 than cDC in mice infected with BCG. At early stages of immunization with BCG containing the Ag85A protein, splenic cDC and pDC could present the Ag85A peptide to a specific T hybridoma; however, cDC had a stronger antigen presenting activity than pDC. In summary, splenic cDC and pDC extensively participate in mouse immune responses against BCG infection in vivo. Although pDC had a higher BCG uptake, cDC induced stronger immunological effects, including activation and maturation, cytokine production, and antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangyuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (X.J.)
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Kang X, Jiao Y, Zhou Y, Meng C, Zhou X, Song L, Jiao X, Pan Z. MicroRNA-5112 Targets IKKγ to Dampen the Inflammatory Response and Improve Clinical Symptoms in Both Bacterial Infection and DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:779770. [PMID: 35222370 PMCID: PMC8866336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.779770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a double-edged sword that can be induced by various PAMPs, resulting in the control of infection by invading pathogens or injuries. The inflammatory response requires strict and precise control and regulation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. However, the role of miRNAs in inflammation induced by flagellin (ligand of TLR5) has yet to be fully determined. In this study, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) between flagellin treatment and medium alone using miRNA microarray. We found that flagellin stimulation downregulated miR-5112 expression in BMDCs and spleen DCs in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of miR-5112 decreased inflammatory cytokine production, accompanied by a reduction of IKKγ in flagellin-stimulated BMDCs. We demonstrated that miR-5112 could directly target IKKγ to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, miR-5112 inhibited the inflammatory response induced by flagellin or Salmonella infection in vivo. Interestingly, miR-5112 could also dampen the inflammatory response and alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that miR-5112 could be a novel therapeutic target for both bacterial infection and DSS-induced colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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3
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Liu H, Xiong X, Zhu T, Zhu Y, Peng Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Chen H, Chen Y, Guo A. Differential nitric oxide induced by Mycobacterium bovis and BCG leading to dendritic cells apoptosis in a caspase dependent manner. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104303. [PMID: 32504845 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for both innate and adaptive immunity. Meanwhile, nitric oxide (NO) is a member of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generally considered to play a key role in the bactericidal process in innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. The present study therefore investigated the mechanism of NO production in murine DCs induced by Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis) and its attenuated strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection. The expression of genes Slc7A1, Slc7A2, iNOS, and ArgI essential to NO synthesis was up-regulated in M.bovis/BCG infected DCs. IFN-γ addition further increased, while the iNOS inhibitor L-NMMA significantly inhibited their expression. Accordingly, the end products of arginine metabolism, NO and urea, were found to be significantly increased. In addition, BCG induced significantly higher levels of apoptosis in DCs compared to M.bovis shown by higher levels of DNA fragmentation using flow cytometry and release of mitochondrial Cytochrome C, and up-regulation of the genes caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and dffa critical to apoptosis by qRT-PCR detection and western blot analysis. Furthermore, IFN-γ increased, but L-NMMA decreased apoptosis of M.bovis/BCG infected DCs. In addition, mycobacterial intracellular survival was significantly reduced by IFN-γ treatment in BCG infected DCs, while slightly increased by L-NMMA treatment. Taken altogether, our data show that NO synthesis was differentially increased and associated with apoptosis in M.bovis/BCG infected DCs. These findings may significantly contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of M.bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xuekai Xiong
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yifan Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongchong Peng
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jieru Wang
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Early Growth Response 1 Deficiency Protects the Host against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00678-19. [PMID: 31611276 PMCID: PMC6921661 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00678-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is a common cause of nosocomial infections. The molecular mechanisms governing immune responses to P. aeruginosa infection remain incompletely defined. Early growth response 1 (Egr-1) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that controls inflammatory responses. Here, we characterized the role of Egr-1 in host defense against P. aeruginosa infection in a mouse model of acute bacterial pneumonia. Egr-1 expression was rapidly and transiently induced in response to P. aeruginosa infection. Egr-1-deficient mice displayed decreased mortality, reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17), and enhanced bacterial clearance from the lung. Egr-1 deficiency caused diminished NF-κB activation in P. aeruginosa-infected macrophages independently of IκBα phosphorylation. A physical interaction between Egr-1 and NF-κB p65 was found in P. aeruginosa-infected macrophages, suggesting that Egr-1 could be required for assembly of heterodimeric transcription factors that direct synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, Egr-1 deficiency had no impact on neutrophil recruitment in vivo due to its differential effects on chemokine production, which included diminished accumulation of KC (CXCL1), MIP2 (CXCL2), and IP-10 (CXCL10) and increased accumulation of LIX (CXCL5). Importantly, Egr-1-deficient macrophages and neutrophils displayed significant increases in nitric oxide production and bacterial killing ability that correlated with enhanced bacterial clearance in Egr-1-deficient mice. Together, these findings suggest that Egr-1 plays a detrimental role in host defense against P. aeruginosa acute lung infection by promoting systemic inflammation and negatively regulating the nitric oxide production that normally assists with bacterial clearance.
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Regulatory Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Cytokines of Dendritic Cells in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon Idella). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020389. [PMID: 30658449 PMCID: PMC6359277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a common group of probiotics that have been widely used in the feed industry as they can increase host resistance to pathogens and balance the immune response. However, the regulatory mechanism of Bacillus subtilis on the host immune system remains unclear in teleosts. In this study, we isolated and enriched dendritic cells from white blood cells (WBCs), and then stimulated them with Bacillus subtilis. Morphological features, specific biological functions, and authorized functional molecular markers were used in the identification of dendritic cells. Subsequently, we collected stimulated cells at 0, 4, and 18 h, and then constructed and sequenced the transcriptomic libraries. A transcriptome analysis showed that 2557 genes were up-regulated and 1708 were down-regulated at 4 h compared with the control group (|Fold Change| ≥ 4), and 1131 genes were up-regulated and 1769 were down-regulated between the cells collected at 18 h and 4 h (|Fold Change| ≥ 4). Gene Ontology (GO) annotations suggested many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05 and |Fold Change| ≥ 4) were involved in immune-related biological functions including immune system progress, cytokine receptor binding, and cytokine binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the cytokine⁻cytokine receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched at both time points (p < 0.05), which may play a key role in the response to stimulation. Furthermore, mRNA expression level examination of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) indicated that their expressions can be significantly increased in Bacillus subtili, which suggest that Bacillus subtilis can balance immune response and tolerance. This study provides dendritic cell (DC)-specific transcriptome data in grass carp by Bacillus subtilis stimulation, allowing us to illustrate the molecular mechanism of the DC-mediated immune response triggered by probiotics in grass carp.
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Jinyu L, Mengyang Z, Xin Z, Shasha G, Shuang L, Lin P, Yuxue M, Chen C, Xiaoya L, Rui Z, Xuanye F, Bo D, Liqun J, Yulin L, Yueqi W, Zhiqiang C, Yi T, Dayong C. A model for anticancer surveillance was pharmacologically developed to evaluate vitality principle in breast cancer rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Darboe F, Adetifa JU, Reynolds J, Hossin S, Plebanski M, Netea MG, Rowland-Jones SL, Sutherland JS, Flanagan KL. Minimal Sex-Differential Modulation of Reactivity to Pathogens and Toll-Like Receptor Ligands following Infant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Russia Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1092. [PMID: 28951731 PMCID: PMC5599783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis, has been shown to provide heterologous protection against unrelated pathogens and enhance antibody responses to several routine expanded program on immunization (EPI) vaccines. Understanding these heterologous effects is important for the development of optimal vaccination strategies. We set out to assess the effect of vaccination with BCG Russia of 6-week-old infants on in vitro reactivity to a panel of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists (TLR2, 4, and 7/8) and heat-killed pathogens [Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans (CA), and Escherichia coli], and antibody responses to other EPI vaccines compared to BCG naïve infants. We observed no effect of BCG vaccination on innate (TNF-α) or Th2 (IL-4) cytokine responses, but found enhanced CA-specific CD8+IFN-γ+ responses in BCG vaccinated males and females 1 week after vaccination and decreased IFN-γ:IL4 ratio to SP in females. By 12 weeks (but not 1 week) of post-vaccination, there was significant downmodulation of Th1 cytokine responses in BCG vaccinated infants; and TLR-stimulated IL-10 and IL-17 responses declined in BCG vaccinated females but not males. Significant changes also occurred in the BCG naïve group, mainly at 18 weeks, including decreased Th1 and increased IL-10 responses. The effects at 18 weeks were most likely a result of immune modulation by the intervening EPI vaccines given at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. There was no effect of BCG vaccination on EPI antibody levels at either time point. Taken together, our results support minimal early heterologous immune modulation by BCG Russia vaccination that did not persist 12 weeks after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Reynolds
- Biostatistics Consulting Platform, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah L Rowland-Jones
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katie L Flanagan
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, Gambia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Meng C, Wang X, Xu Z, Hu M, Liu J, Pan Z, Chen X, Jiao X. Murine Flt3 ligand-generated plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells display functional differentiation in activation, inflammation, and antigen presentation during BCG infection in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:67-76. [PMID: 27496194 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are composed of distinct subsets. Their immunologic functions (especially in pathogenic infection, such as with mycobacteria) are poorly understood, largely because of their rarity and difficulty of preparation. We used the murine Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand to generate conventional DCs (FL-cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (FL-pDCs) and further evaluated their immunological responses to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection in vitro. BCG cells were observed inside both FL-cDCs and FL-pDCs by confocal microscopy, as confirmed by flow cytometric analysis showing a low infection rate of approximately 6 %, which was similar to in vivo results. The CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II proteins were significantly upregulated in both FL-cDCs and -pDCs beginning at 4 h post-BCG exposure. FL-pDCs secreted TNF-α and IL-6 earlier and at significantly higher levels in the first 12 h following infection, but demonstrated delayed and weak activation and maturation compared to FL-cDCs. Although both subsets proved capable of presenting a mycobacterial antigen, FL-pDCs exhibited weaker activity in this respect than did FL-cDCs. In summary, the existence of FL-generated cDCs and pDCs imply functional differentiation in activation, inflammation, and antigen presentation, although both cells types participated extensively in the immune response to BCG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maozhi Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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