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Sember A, Pelikánová Š, de Bello Cioffi M, Šlechtová V, Hatanaka T, Do Doan H, Knytl M, Ráb P. Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E479. [PMID: 32354012 PMCID: PMC7291238 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bighead carps of the genus Hypophthalmichthys (H. molitrix and H. nobilis) are important aquaculture species. They were subjected to extensive multidisciplinary research, but with cytogenetics confined to conventional protocols only. Here, we employed Giemsa-/C-/CMA3- stainings and chromosomal mapping of multigene families and telomeric repeats. Both species shared (i) a diploid chromosome number 2n = 48 and the karyotype structure, (ii) low amount of constitutive heterochromatin, (iii) the absence of interstitial telomeric sites (ITSs), (iv) a single pair of 5S rDNA loci adjacent to one major rDNA cluster, and (v) a single pair of co-localized U1/U2 snDNA tandem repeats. Both species, on the other hand, differed in (i) the presence/absence of remarkable interstitial block of constitutive heterochromatin on the largest acrocentric pair 11 and (ii) the number of major (CMA3-positive) rDNA sites. Additionally, we applied here, for the first time, the conventional cytogenetics in H. harmandi, a species considered extinct in the wild and/or extensively cross-hybridized with H. molitrix. Its 2n and karyotype description match those found in the previous two species, while silver staining showed differences in distribution of major rDNA. The bighead carps thus represent another case of taxonomic diversity not associated with gross karyotype differentiation, where 2n and karyotype structure cannot help in distinguishing between genomes of closely related species. On the other hand, we demonstrated that two cytogenetic characters (distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and major rDNA) may be useful for diagnosis of pure species. The universality of these markers must be further verified by analyzing other pure populations of bighead carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pelikánová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vendula Šlechtová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235 cep, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Hiep Do Doan
- Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 1, Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh 16000, Vietnam
| | - Martin Knytl
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 2-128-43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277-21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
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Hu F, Fan J, Wu C, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhang C, Tao M, Zhao R, Tang C, Luo K, Qin Q, Ma M, Chen B, Wang J, Zhou A, Bai L, Liu S. Analysis of Chromosomal Numbers, Mitochondrial Genome, and Full-Length Transcriptome of Onychostoma brevibarba. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:515-525. [PMID: 31203477 PMCID: PMC6679832 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Onychostoma brevibarba is a new discovered species which is distributed in Xiang Jiang River of the middle Chang Jiang basin in Hunan Province, South China. In this study, the ploidy levels of O. brevibarba were confirmed by counting chromosomal numbers and analyzing karyotype. The complete mitochondrial genome of O. brevibarba was determined and analyzed. Besides, we firstly performed the full-length transcriptome of O. brevibarba derived from 5 different tissues using the PacBio SMRT sequencing. The result shows that O. brevibarba was a diploid with 50 chromosomes [corrected]. The complete mitogenome of O. brevibarba was 16,602 bp in size and very similar (89.1-91.3%) to that of other Onychostoma species but was distinct from all congeners. The full-length transcriptome dataset of O. brevibarba comprised 120,239 unigenes. Among the unigenes, 91,542 were functionally annotated, whereas 26,794 were found to have two or more isoforms. This study could provide many new insights into cytology and molecular characteristics of O. brevibarba; it laid the foundation for further exploration of the genomic signatures of species of Onychostoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinbo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jinpu Wang
- Hunan Province Livestock and Fisheries Bureau, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Aiguo Zhou
- Chenzhou Animal Husbandry-Veterinary & Fisheries Bureau, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Liangxiong Bai
- Mangshan Forestry Resources Administration Bureau, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Shao J, Xiong D, Chu Z, Wu J, Du H, Wang F, Wen S, Wei Q. Population differentiation and genetic diversity of endangered Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li between Yangtze River and Yellow River in China based on mtDNA. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:695-701. [PMID: 31286805 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1572130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li, distributed scatteredly in Qinling Mountains of China, is an ideal material for studies of conservation and phylogeography. In the present study, the genetic variations and phylogeographical patterns of B. tsinlingensis collecting from the Yangtze River (n = 30) and the Yellow River (n = 70) were compared based on 1082-1163 bp control region with partial tRNA and 912 bp cyt b partial sequence of mtDNA. Analysis of variance indicated that a high proportion of the total genetic variance (96.03%) was distributed among populations, supporting strong geographic structuring of mtDNA polymorphism. Ten haplotypes were assigned to two clades that were related to geographic regions. No haplotype shared between geographic populations from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and two clades related to geographic regions can be clearly found from phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian approach, one from individuals in the Yangtze River and the other from individuals in the Yellow River, which probably indicated artificial carrying not happened historically. The mitochondrial results revealed an obvious differentiation of genetic structure of B. tsinlingensis between populations of Yellow River and Yangtze River, and the estimated diverge time around 0.20 MY. It was suggested that each of the two evolutionarily distinct groups of B. tsinlingensis should be protected and crossing individuals between two river systems should be avoided for conservation purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shao
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS , Wuhan , China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Zhipeng Chu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS , Wuhan , China
| | - Jinming Wu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS , Wuhan , China
| | - Hao Du
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS , Wuhan , China
| | - Feng Wang
- Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Xi'an , China
| | - Sien Wen
- Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Xi'an , China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS , Wuhan , China
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Han CC, Yen TB, Chen NC, Tseng MC. Cytogenetics of Two Onychostoma Species in Taiwan by Ag-NOR and 18S rDNA Profiles. Zool Stud 2017; 56:e25. [PMID: 31966224 PMCID: PMC6517726 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2017.56-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiao-Chuan Han, Tsair-Bor Yen, Nian-Cih Chen, and Mei-Chen Tseng (2017) Both Onychostoma barbatulum and O. alticorpus are primary freshwater fish in Taiwan. The former has been developed as an aquaculture species with high economic value, while the latter is a native endemic species in Taiwan. Understanding the cytogenetic information of these two species is necessary for their selected breeding, recovery, and management. In this study, Giemsa staining, silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR), C-banding, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S ribosomal (r)DNA probes were used to analyze the cytogenetic characteristics. Results of Giemsa staining showed that the two Onychostoma species shared the same number of chromosomes, 2n = 50. Respective karyotype formulas of the female and male were 10 m + 22 sm + 10 st + 8 t and 11 m + 22 sm + 10 st + 7 t in O. barbatulum, and 14 m + 18 sm + 8 st + 10 t and 15 m + 18 sm + 8 st + 9 t in O. alticorpus. Karyotypes of both species showed a pair of heteromorphic chromosomes in male fish. Their sex determination should be the XX/XY system. Two pairs of Ag-NORs were found in O. barbatulum, but only one pair occurred in O. alticorpus. C-banding areas were observed on centromeres or telomeres of some chromosomes. FISH revealed different cytogenetic characters between these two species. The above cytogenetic information will contribute to species identification, population recovery, and advantages for breeding and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chuan Han
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan. E-mail:
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Tsair-Bor Yen
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung
University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan. E-mail:
| | - Nian-Cih Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology,
Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Tseng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology,
Pingtung 912, Taiwan
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Tseng MC, Yang DH, Yen TB. Comparative Study on Hatching Rate, Survival Rate, and Feminization of Onychostoma barbatulum (Pellegrin, 1908) at Different Temperatures and Examining Sex Change by Gonad and Karyotype Analyses. Zool Stud 2017; 56:e16. [PMID: 31966215 PMCID: PMC6409490 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2017.56-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mei-Chen Tseng, Dian-Hao Yang, and Tsair-Bor Yen (2017) Onychostoma barbatulum has become an aquaculture species with high economic value in Taiwan. It was observed that females can grow faster to a larger size than males on aquaculture farms. Therefore, development of feminized fry can increase farm profits in the future. The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal incubation, feed, and feminization temperatures to produce a high feminization ratio and better survival rates for O. barbatulum fry. The performance mode of sex-determination by temperature was also explored in the study. Adults were collected from Nanzixian Stream in southwestern Taiwan and artificially propagated in tanks. Fertilized eggs were placed in environments of different temperatures to determine the hatching rate (n = 3000) and the survival rate (n = 3000) of fry. After 6 months, the sex ratio was established from gonad tableting (n = 360). A karyotype analysis (n = 86) was also conducted to verify the existence of gender-reversed individuals. The results showed that hatching rates at 17.5, 19.5, 21.5, 23.5, and 25.5°C were 70.7%, 67.3%, 73.3%, 33.7%, and 34.7%, respectively. Survival ratios from low to high temperatures were 34.7%, 47.7%, 33.7%, 12.3%, and 23.3%, respectively. These results indicated that both the hatching rates and survival ratios of fry performed poorly at temperatures higher than 21.5°C. The performance mode of sex-determination by temperature of O. barbatulum revealed that female ratios significantly decreased at the two extremes of the temperature range, while the female ratio was highest at an intermediate temperature. The best feminized ratio (83.4%) was observed at 21.5°C among all tested temperatures (p < 0.05). Meanwhile according to a karyotype analysis, sex-reversed individuals were found in each group, indicating that temperature is a critical phenotypic sex-determining factor. Therefore, rearing O. barbatulum fry at a proper water temperature can effectively increase the female sex ratio and maintain high hatchability and survival ratios. These results can potentially be applied to produce a high proportion of female fry on aquaculture farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Tseng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. E-mail: (MCT); (DHY)
| | - Dian-Hao Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. E-mail: (MCT); (DHY)
| | - Tsair-Bor Yen
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan. E-mail:
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