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Lu H. Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:435-487. [PMID: 38571396 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory liver diseases, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have higher incidence of infections and mortality rate due to sepsis. The current focus in the development of drugs for MAFLD is the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and prevention of progression to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis is a major cause of death. As the metabolic center and a key immune tissue, liver is the guardian, modifier, and target of sepsis. Septic patients with liver dysfunction have the highest mortality rate compared with other organ dysfunctions. In addition to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the liver produces and secretes hepatokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) essential in tissue protection, immunomodulation, and coagulation. Inflammatory liver diseases cause profound metabolic disorder and impairment of energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and production/secretion of APPs and hepatokines. Herein, the author reviews the roles of (1) disorders in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as well as the clearance of ammonia and lactate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (2) cytokines/chemokines in inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (3) APPs and hepatokines in the protection against tissue injury and infections; and (4) major nuclear receptors/signaling pathways underlying the metabolic disorders and tissue injuries as well as the major drug targets for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Approaches that focus on the liver dysfunction and regeneration will not only treat inflammatory liver diseases but also prevent the development of severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
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2
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Tokumaru T, Apolinario MEC, Shimizu N, Umeda R, Honda K, Shikano K, Teranishi H, Hikida T, Hanada T, Ohta K, Li Y, Murakami K, Hanada R. Hepatic extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in zebrafish models of alcoholic and metabolic steatotic liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7813. [PMID: 38565862 PMCID: PMC10987586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a burgeoning health problem predominantly associated with excessive alcohol consumption, which causes alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and high caloric intake, which results in metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD). The pathogenesis of ALD and MASLD, which can progress from steatohepatitis to more severe conditions such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, is complicated by several factors. Recently, extracellular ATP and adenosine (Ado), as damage-associated molecular patterns, were reported to promote inflammation and liver fibrosis, contributing to SLD pathogenesis. Here, we explored the in vivo dynamics of hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado during the progression of steatohepatitis using a genetically encoded GPCR-activation-based sensor (GRAB) in zebrafish models. We established hepatocyte-specific GRABATP and GRABAdo in zebrafish and investigated the changes in in vivo hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado levels under ALD or MASLD conditions. Disease-specific changes in hepatocyte extracellular ATP and Ado levels were observed, clearly indicating a correlation between hepatocyte extracellular ATP/Ado dynamics and disease progression. Furthermore, clodronate, a vesicular nucleotide transporter inhibitor, alleviated the MASLD phenotype by reducing the hepatic extracellular ATP and Ado content. These findings provide deep insights into extracellular ATP/Ado dynamics in disease progression, suggesting therapeutic potential for ALD and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tokumaru
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Umeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Koichi Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Teranishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
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Ameri A, Rahmati A, Soroushfar S, Lalehzari M, Dehghani T, Haghi-Aminjan H, Shamseddin J, Omidi M. The Protective Effect of N-acetylcysteine against Deltamethrin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2024; 16:88-94. [PMID: 38618504 PMCID: PMC11007371 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v16i2.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to pesticides is of concern to public health officials worldwide. Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide which is widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Deltamethrin poisoning is always one of the concerns in medical centers due to the deltamethrin induced hepatotoxicity. This study evaluated the hepato-protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against deltamethrin induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods A total of 40 BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into four groups; the first group was used as a control (0.5 ml normal saline); Groups 2-4 were treated with NAC [160 mg/kg Body Weight (BW)], deltamethrin (50 mg/kg BW), and NAC plus deltamethrin. At 1 and 24 hr after treatment, the animals were sacrificed and blood and liver samples were obtained for analysis and the liver/body ration, hepatic enzymes as Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Glutathione (GSH) content and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level were measured. For comparison between more than two experimental groups, one-way ANOVA following Tukey test was used by SPSS software. Results The deltamethrin significantly increased AST, ALT, ALP, and the level of ROS level at the end of 1 and 24 hr after treatment; while the LDH level and GSH content were decreased. Mice in the deltamethrin treated group had a higher liver/body weight ratio than in other treated groups after 24 hr. On the other hand, NAC in combination with deltamethrin significantly reduced the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, and increased GSH levels. Conclusion This study demonstrated that NAC has a hepatoprotective role against deltamethrin-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shadi Soroushfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Lalehzari
- Trauma Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dehghani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jebreil Shamseddin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Omidi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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4
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Dong G, Li Q, Yu C, Wang Q, Zuo D, Li X. n-Acetylcysteine protects against diazinon-induced histopathological damage and apoptosis in renal tissue of rats. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:285-295. [PMID: 38525131 PMCID: PMC10959863 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-024-00226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a member of organophosphorus insecticides that has cytotoxic effects on different organs. n-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant in clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies. We evaluated the protective role of NAC against DZN-induced toxicity in kidney tissue of Wistar rats. 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of control, single dose of DZN, continuous dose of DZN, single doses of DZN + NAC and continuous doses of DZN + NAC. Kidney function test (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid) was provided. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total sulfhydryl (T-SH) were determined in renal tissues. Renal cells apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay. The mRNA expressions of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were analyzed in kidney tissues using Real Time PCR method. Chronic exposure to DZN was associated with severe morphological changes in the kidney, as well as impairment of its function and decreased kidney weights. Continues treatment with DZN significantly decreased the percentage of renal apoptotic cells as compared to rats treated with continuous dose of DZN alone (17.69 ± 3.67% vs. 39.46% ± 2.44%; p < 0.001). Continuous exposure to DZN significantly decreased TAC and T-SH contents, as well as SOD and CAT expression, but increased MDA contents in the kidney tissues (p < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in mRNA expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, as well as TNF-α following exposure to DZN, but the expression of IL-10 and Bcl2 was significantly decreased. NAC can protect kidney tissue against DZN-induced toxicity by elevating antioxidants capacity, mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqin Dong
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Chun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Danhua Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
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Ioniuc I, Lupu A, Tarnita I, Mastaleru A, Trandafir LM, Lupu VV, Starcea IM, Alecsa M, Morariu ID, Salaru DL, Azoicai A. Insights into the Management of Chronic Hepatitis in Children-From Oxidative Stress to Antioxidant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3908. [PMID: 38612717 PMCID: PMC11011982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has generated awareness of the existence of various pathophysiological pathways that contribute to the development of chronic diseases; thus, pro-oxidative factors have been accepted as significant contributors to the emergence of a wide range of diseases, from inflammatory to malignant. Redox homeostasis is especially crucial in liver pathology, as disturbances at this level have been linked to a variety of chronic diseases. Hepatitis is an umbrella term used to describe liver inflammation, which is the foundation of this disease regardless of its cause. Chronic hepatitis produces both oxidative stress generated by hepatocyte inflammation and viral inoculation. The majority of hepatitis in children is caused by a virus, and current studies reveal that 60-80% of cases become chronic, with many young patients still at risk of advancing liver damage. This review intends to emphasize the relevance of understanding these pathological redox pathways, as well as the need to update therapeutic strategies in chronic liver pathology, considering the beneficial effects of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ioniuc
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Irina Tarnita
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandra Mastaleru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mirabela Alecsa
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ionela Daniela Morariu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Alice Azoicai
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
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Zhou W, Tang M, He D, Shen Y, Huang Z, Xia W, Wu Z, Wei W, Zheng H, Wang Q, Shi W, Jiang J. Hypoxia promotes metastasis by relieving miR-598-3p-restricted glycolysis in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:283. [PMID: 38491378 PMCID: PMC10943772 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of glycolysis, particularly in the context of reprogrammed energy metabolism, is increasingly recognized as a significant characteristic of cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which glycolysis is promoted in metastatic gastric cancer cells under normal oxygen conditions remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer. Nevertheless, our understanding of the specific involvement of miRNAs in hypoxia-induced metabolic shifting and the subsequent metastatic processes is limited. Hypoxia-induced downregulation of miR-598-3p mechanistically leads to the upregulation of RMP and IGF1r, thereby promoting glycolysis. Either overexpression of miR-598-3p or R406 treatment effectively suppresses the metastasis of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the depletion of miR-598-3p alters glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, thereby exacerbating the malignancy of gastric cancer cells. The present findings indicate a potential target for the development of therapeutics against gastric cancers with increased miR-598-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Immunology, Soochow University, SuZhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Soochow University, SuZhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science (IBMS), Soochow University, SuZhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, ChangZhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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Świętek M, Marková I, Malínská H, Hüttl M, Miklánková D, Černá K, Konefał R, Horák D. Tannic acid- and N-acetylcysteine-chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles reduce hepatic oxidative stress in prediabetic rats. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113791. [PMID: 38335769 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with tannic acid (TA) have shown remarkable success as an antioxidant and antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Herein, we report a synthetic procedure for the preparation of silica-coated MNPs modified with N-acetylcysteine-modified chitosan and TA. This was achieved by free-radical grafting of NAC onto chitosan (CS), a layer-by-layer technique for modifying negatively charged MNP@SiO2 nanoparticles with positively charged CS-NAC, and crosslinking CS with TA. The antioxidant and metabolic effects of MNP@SiO2-CS-NAC and MNP@SiO2-CS-NAC-TA nanoparticles were tested in a model of prediabetic rats with hepatic steatosis, the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg). The particles exhibited significant antioxidant properties in the liver, increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), decreasing the concentration of the lipoperoxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), and improving the antioxidant status determined as the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione; in particular, TA increased some antioxidant parameters. MNPs carrying antioxidants such as NAC and TA could thus represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of various diseases accompanied by increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Świętek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Černá
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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8
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Minayoshi Y, Maeda H, Hamasaki K, Nagasaki T, Takano M, Fukuda R, Mizuta Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Mouse Type-I Interferon-Mannosylated Albumin Fusion Protein for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:260. [PMID: 38399475 PMCID: PMC10893114 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a lot of effort has been put into creating drugs and combination therapies against chronic hepatitis, no effective treatment has been established. Type-I interferon is a promising therapeutic for chronic hepatitis due to its excellent anti-inflammatory effects through interferon receptors on hepatic macrophages. To develop a type-I IFN equipped with the ability to target hepatic macrophages through the macrophage mannose receptor, the present study designed a mouse type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein using site-specific mutagenesis and albumin fusion technology. This fusion protein exhibited the induction of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, IL-1Ra, and PD-1, in RAW264.7 cells, or hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice. As expected, such biological and hepatoprotective actions were significantly superior to those of human fusion proteins. Furthermore, the repeated administration of mouse fusion protein to carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice clearly suppressed the area of liver fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline contents, not only with a reduction in the levels of inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and fibrosis-related genes (TGF-β, Fibronectin, Snail, and Collagen 1α2), but also with a shift in the hepatic macrophage phenotype from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein has the potential as a new therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Keisuke Hamasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Mei Takano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Ryo Fukuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Public Health and Welfare Bureau, 5-1-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0971, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Osaka Central Hospital, 3-3-30 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0001, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
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9
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Tatsumi K, Wada H, Hasegawa S, Asukai K, Nagata S, Ekawa T, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Okumura S, Okamura R, Ohue M, Obama K, Tahara H. Prediction for oxaliplatin-induced liver injury using patient-derived liver organoids. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7042. [PMID: 38400666 PMCID: PMC10891453 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury associated with oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-based chemotherapy can significantly impact the treatment outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases, especially when combined with surgery. To date, no definitive biomarker that can predict the risk of liver injury has been identified. This study aimed to investigate whether organoids can be used as tools to predict the risk of liver injury. METHODS We examined the relationship between the clinical signs of L-OHP-induced liver injury and the responses of patient-derived liver organoids in vitro. Organoids were established from noncancerous liver tissues obtained from 10 patients who underwent L-OHP-based chemotherapy and hepatectomy for colorectal cancer. RESULTS Organoids cultured in a galactose differentiation medium, which can activate the mitochondria of organoids, showed sensitivity to L-OHP cytotoxicity, which was significantly related to clinical liver toxicity induced by L-OHP treatment. Organoids from patients who presented with a high-grade liver injury to the L-OHP regimen showed an obvious increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels and a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential with L-OHP exposure. L-OHP-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress was not observed in the organoids from patients with low-grade liver injury. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that L-OHP-induced liver injury may be caused by mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, patient-derived liver organoids may be used to assess susceptibility to L-OHP-induced liver injury in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Shinichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kei Asukai
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Shigenori Nagata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and CytologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Ekawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Shintaro Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryosuke Okamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular TherapyThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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10
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Castro MC, Villagarcía HG, Di Sarli Gutiérrez L, Arbeláez LG, Schinella G, Massa ML, Francini F. Akt Signaling and Nitric Oxide Synthase as Possible Mediators of the Protective Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Prediabetes Induced by Sucrose. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1215. [PMID: 38279215 PMCID: PMC10817010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate possible mechanisms involved in the protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on hepatic endocrine-metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory changes in prediabetic rats. For that, normal male Wistar rats (60 days old) were fed for 21 days with 10% sucrose in their drinking water and 5 days of NAC administration (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and thereafter, we determined: serum glucose, insulin, transaminases, uric acid, and triglyceride levels; hepatic fructokinase and glucokinase activities, glycogen content, lipogenic gene expression; enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress, insulin signaling pathway, and inflammatory markers. Results showed that alterations evinced in sucrose-fed rats (hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high liver fructokinase activity together with increased liver lipogenic gene expression and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers) were prevented by NAC administration. P-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (P-eNOS)/eNOS and pAKT/AKT ratios, decreased by sucrose ingestion, were restored after NAC treatment. In conclusion, the results suggest that NAC administration improves glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in prediabetic rats probably mediated by modulation of the AKT/NOS pathway. Administration of NAC may be an effective complementary strategy to alleviate or prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory responses observed in type 2 diabetes at early stages of its development (prediabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA—Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP—CONICET CCT La Plata, FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (M.C.C.); (H.G.V.); (L.D.S.G.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Hernán Gonzalo Villagarcía
- CENEXA—Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP—CONICET CCT La Plata, FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (M.C.C.); (H.G.V.); (L.D.S.G.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Luciana Di Sarli Gutiérrez
- CENEXA—Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP—CONICET CCT La Plata, FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (M.C.C.); (H.G.V.); (L.D.S.G.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Luisa González Arbeláez
- CIC—Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (UNLP—CONICET CCT La Plata, FCM), Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
| | - Guillermo Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina;
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, UNAJ-CICPBA (Av. Calchaquí 6200), Florencia Varela 1888, Argentina
| | - María Laura Massa
- CENEXA—Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP—CONICET CCT La Plata, FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (M.C.C.); (H.G.V.); (L.D.S.G.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA—Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP—CONICET CCT La Plata, FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Calle 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (M.C.C.); (H.G.V.); (L.D.S.G.); (M.L.M.)
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11
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Jerome RN, Zahn LA, Abner JJ, Joly MM, Shirey-Rice JK, Wallis RS, Bernard GR, Pulley JM. Repurposing N-acetylcysteine for management of non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure: an evidence scan from a global health perspective. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38317753 PMCID: PMC10838616 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO)'s Essential Medicines List (EML) plays an important role in advocating for access to key treatments for conditions affecting people in all geographic settings. We applied our established drug repurposing methods to one EML agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), to identify additional uses of relevance to the global health community beyond its existing EML indication (acetaminophen toxicity). Methods We undertook a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of a variant in the glutathione synthetase (GSS) gene in approximately 35,000 patients to explore novel indications for use of NAC, which targets glutathione. We then evaluated the evidence regarding biologic plausibility, efficacy, and safety of NAC use in the new phenotype candidates. Results PheWAS of GSS variant R418Q revealed increased risk of several phenotypes related to non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure (ALF), indicating that NAC may represent a therapeutic option for treating this condition. Evidence review identified practice guidelines, systematic reviews, clinical trials, retrospective cohorts and case series, and case reports. This evidence suggesting benefit of NAC use in this subset of ALF patients. The safety profile of NAC in this literature was also concordant with existing evidence on safety of this agent in acetaminophen-induced ALF. Conclusions This body of literature indicates efficacy and safety of NAC in non-acetaminophen induced ALF. Given the presence of NAC on the EML, this medication is likely to be available across a range of resource settings; promulgating its use in this novel subset of ALF can provide healthcare professionals and patients with a valuable and safe complement to supportive care for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Jerome
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura A. Zahn
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica J. Abner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meghan M. Joly
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jana K. Shirey-Rice
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Gordon R. Bernard
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jill M. Pulley
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wei F, Huang M, Shu M, Song D, Wen J, Wang J, Nian Q, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhao Y. Human diet-derived polyphenolic compounds and hepatic diseases: From therapeutic mechanisms to clinical utilization. Phytother Res 2024; 38:280-304. [PMID: 37871899 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the potential ameliorative effects of polyphenolic compounds derived from human diet on hepatic diseases. It discusses the molecular mechanisms and recent advancements in clinical applications. Edible polyphenols have been found to play a therapeutic role, particularly in liver injury, liver fibrosis, NAFLD/NASH, and HCC. In the regulation of liver injury, polyphenols exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, primarily targeting the TGF-β, NF-κB/TLR4, PI3K/AKT, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. In the regulation of liver fibrosis, polyphenolic compounds effectively reverse the fibrotic process by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Furthermore, polyphenolic compounds show efficacy against NAFLD/NASH by inhibiting lipid oxidation and accumulation, mediated through the AMPK, SIRT, and PPARγ pathways. Moreover, several polyphenolic compounds exhibit anti-HCC activity by suppressing tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This inhibition primarily involves blocking Akt and Wnt signaling, as well as inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, clinical trials and nutritional evidence support the notion that certain polyphenols can improve liver disease and associated metabolic disorders. However, further fundamental research and clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy of dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meilan Huang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Yoon H, Jang KL. Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Downregulating Hepatitis C Virus Core Levels through E6-Associated Protein-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation. Cells 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 38201266 PMCID: PMC10778395 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is constantly exposed to considerable oxidative stress, characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), during acute and chronic infection in the hepatocytes of patients. However, the effect of oxidative stress on HCV replication is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that H2O2 downregulated HCV Core levels to inhibit HCV replication. For this purpose, H2O2 upregulated p53 levels, resulting in the downregulation of both the protein and enzyme activity levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, and activated the expression of E6-associated protein (E6AP) through promoter hypomethylation in the presence of HCV Core. E6AP, an E3 ligase, induced the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HCV Core in a p53-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 on HCV replication was almost completely nullified either by treatment with a representative antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or by knockdown of p53 or E6AP using a specific short hairpin RNA, confirming the roles of p53 and E6AP in the inhibition of HCV replication by H2O2. This study provides insights into the mechanisms that regulate HCV replication under conditions of oxidative stress in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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14
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Huang R, Cai Y, He Y, Yu Z, Zhao L, Wang T, Shangguan X, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Chen Y, Zhang C. Predictive Model of Oxaliplatin-induced Liver Injury Based on Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1455-1464. [PMID: 38161498 PMCID: PMC10752815 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Identifying potential high-risk groups of oxaliplatin-induced liver injury (OILI) is valuable, but tools are lacking. So artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) models will be developed to predict the risk of OILI. Methods The medical information of patients treated with oxaliplatin between May and November 2016 at 10 hospitals was collected prospectively. We used the updated Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM) to identify cases of OILI and summarized the patient and medication characteristics. Furthermore, the ANN and LR models for predicting the risk of OILI were developed and evaluated. Results The incidence of OILI was 3.65%. The median RUCAM score with interquartile range was 6 (4, 9). The ANN model performed similarly to the LR model in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In discrimination, the area under the curve of the ANN model was larger (0.920>0.833, p=0.019). In calibration, the ANN model was slightly improved. The important predictors of both models overlapped partially, including age, chemotherapy regimens and cycles, single and total dose of OXA, glucocorticoid drugs, and antihistamine drugs. Conclusions When the discriminative and calibration ability was given priority, the ANN model outperformed the LR model in predicting the risk of OILI. Other chemotherapy drugs in oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimens could have different degrees of impact on OILI. We suspected that OILI may be idiosyncratic, and chemotherapy dose factors may be weakly correlated. Decision making on prophylactic medications needs to be carefully considered, and the actual preventive effect needed to be supported by more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanxuan Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yisheng He
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaoqin Yu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hubei Center for Adverse Drug Reaction/Adverse Drug Event Monitoring, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Center for Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Shangguan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zherui Chen
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunzhou Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Terry AQ, Kojima H, Sosa RA, Kaldas FM, Chin JL, Zheng Y, Naini BV, Noguchi D, Nevarez-Mejia J, Jin YP, Busuttil RW, Meyer AS, Gjertson DW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Reed EF. Disulfide-HMGB1 signals through TLR4 and TLR9 to induce inflammatory macrophages capable of innate-adaptive crosstalk in human liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1858-1871. [PMID: 37567451 PMCID: PMC11095628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) contributes to graft rejection and poor clinical outcomes. The disulfide form of high mobility group box 1 (diS-HMGB1), an intracellular protein released during OLT-IRI, induces pro-inflammatory macrophages. How diS-HMGB1 differentiates human monocytes into macrophages capable of activating adaptive immunity remains unknown. We investigated if diS-HMGB1 binds toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR9 to differentiate monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages that activate adaptive immunity and promote graft injury and dysfunction. Assessment of 106 clinical liver tissue and longitudinal blood samples revealed that OLT recipients were more likely to experience IRI and graft dysfunction with increased diS-HMGB1 released during reperfusion. Increased diS-HMGB1 concentration also correlated with TLR4/TLR9 activation, polarization of monocytes into pro-inflammatory macrophages, and production of anti-donor antibodies. In vitro, healthy volunteer monocytes stimulated with purified diS-HMGB1 had increased inflammatory cytokine secretion, antigen presentation machinery, and reactive oxygen species production. TLR4 inhibition primarily impeded cytokine/chemokine and costimulatory molecule programs, whereas TLR9 inhibition decreased HLA-DR and reactive oxygen species production. diS-HMGB1-polarized macrophages also showed increased capacity to present antigens and activate T memory cells. In murine OLT, diS-HMGB1 treatment potentiated ischemia-reperfusion-mediated hepatocellular injury, accompanied by increased serum alanine transaminase levels. This translational study identifies the diS-HMGB1/TLR4/TLR9 axis as potential therapeutic targets in OLT-IRI recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Q Terry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fady M Kaldas
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jackson L Chin
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bita V Naini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daisuke Noguchi
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Nevarez-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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16
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Wang B, Kaufmann B, Mogler C, Zhong S, Yin Y, Cheng Z, Schmid RM, Friess H, Hüser N, von Figura G, Hartmann D. Hepatocellular Brg1 promotes CCl4-induced liver inflammation, ECM accumulation and fibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294257. [PMID: 38033027 PMCID: PMC10688683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic fibrosis is a progressive pathological process involving the exhaustion of hepatocellular regenerative capacity and ultimately leading to the development of cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Brg1, the core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, was recently identified as important for liver regeneration. This study investigates the role of Brg1 in hepatic fibrosis development. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific Brg1 knockout mice were generated and injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. Afterwards, liver fibrosis and liver damage were assessed. RESULTS Brg1 expression was significantly increased in the fibrotic liver tissue of wild-type mice, as compared to that of untreated wild-type mice. The livers of the Brg1 knockout animals showed reduced liver inflammation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and liver fibrosis. TNF-α and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response was reduced in Brg1 knockout animals. CONCLUSION Brg1 promotes the progression of liver fibrosis in mice and may therefore be used as a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with liver fibrosis due to chronic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Suyang Zhong
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Department of Medicine II, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Hu X, Peng J, Tang W, Xia Y, Song P. A circadian rhythm-restricted diet regulates autophagy to improve cognitive function and prolong lifespan. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:356-368. [PMID: 37722875 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Diet and circadian rhythms have been found to have a profound impact on health, disease, and aging. Skipping breakfast, eating late, and overeating have adverse effects on the body's metabolism and increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Disturbance of circadian rhythms has been associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other diseases. Abnormal deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau proteins in the brain and impaired synaptic function are linked to cognitive dysfunction. A restrictive diet following the circadian rhythm can affect the metabolism of lipids, glucose, and amino acids such as branched chain amino acids and cysteine. These metabolic changes contribute to autophagy through molecular mechanisms such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), rapamycin (mTOR), D-β-hydroxybutyrate (D-BHB), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Autophagy, in turn, promotes the removal of abnormally deposited proteins and damaged organelles and improves cognitive function, ultimately prolonging lifespan. In addition, a diet restricted to the circadian rhythm induces increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the forebrain region, regulating autophagy and increasing synaptic plasticity, thus enhancing cognitive function. Consequently, circadian rhythm-restricted diets could serve as a promising non-pharmacological treatment for preventing and improving cognitive dysfunction and prolonging lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
- International Health Care Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Peipei Song
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Robea MA, Balmus IM, Girleanu I, Huiban L, Muzica C, Ciobica A, Stanciu C, Cimpoesu CD, Trifan A. Coagulation Dysfunctions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Relevance. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1614. [PMID: 37763733 PMCID: PMC10535217 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Its incidence is progressively rising and it is possibly becoming a worldwide epidemic. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of diseases accounting for the chronic accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes due to various causes, excluding excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we aimed to focus on finding evidence regarding the implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that form the multifaceted pathophysiological tableau in relation to thrombotic events that co-occur in NAFLD and associated chronic liver diseases. Recent evidence on the pathophysiology of NAFLD suggests that a complex pattern of multidirectional components, such as prooxidative, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic components, better explains the multiple factors that promote the mechanisms underlying the fatty acid excess and subsequent processes. As there is extensive evidence on the multi-component nature of NAFLD pathophysiology, further studies could address the complex interactions that underlie the development and progression of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe possible pathophysiological mechanisms connecting the molecular impairments with the various clinical manifestations, focusing especially on the interactions among oxidative stress, inflammation, and coagulation dysfunctions. Thus, we described the possible bidirectional modulation among coagulation homeostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation that occurs in the various stages of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Andreea Robea
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Girleanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Huiban
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Muzica
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei nr. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Carol Stanciu
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Diana Cimpoesu
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.R.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.C.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency County Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, Blvd. Independentei 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Trifan
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.G.); (L.H.); (C.M.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Carol I Avenue, No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
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da Paz Martins AS, de Andrade KQ, de Araújo ORP, da Conceição GCM, da Silva Gomes A, Goulart MOF, Moura FA. Extraintestinal Manifestations in Induced Colitis: Controversial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Colon, Liver, and Kidney. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8811463. [PMID: 37577725 PMCID: PMC10423092 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by continuous inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occur due to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and increased permeability caused by redox imbalance, dysbiosis, and inflammation originating from the intestine and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on colonic, hepatic, and renal tissues in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male Swiss mice received NAC (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 30 days before and during (DSS 5% v/v; for 7 days) colitis induction. On the 38th day, colon, liver, and kidney were collected and adequately prepared for the analysis of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and inflammatory biomarkers (myeloperoxidase (MPO) -, tumor necrosis factor alpha - (TNF-α, and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). In colon, NAC protected the histological architecture. However, NAC did not level up SOD, in contrast, it increased MDA and pro-inflammatory effect (increased of TNF-α and decreased of IL-10). In liver, colitis caused both oxidative (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inflammatory damage (IL-10). NAC was able only to increase GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Kidney was not affected by colitis; however, NAC despite increasing CAT, GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio promoted lipid peroxidation (increased MDA) and pro-inflammatory action (decreased IL-10). Despite some beneficial antioxidant effects of NAC, the negative outcomes concerning irreversible oxidative and inflammatory damage in the colon, liver, and kidney confirm the nonsafety of the prophylactic use of this antioxidant in models of induced colitis, suggesting that additional studies are needed, and its use in humans not yet recommended for the therapeutic routine of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amylly Sanuelly da Paz Martins
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amanda da Silva Gomes
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- College of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
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20
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Li X, Ni J, Chen L. Advances in the study of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1239395. [PMID: 37601069 PMCID: PMC10436315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1239395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a significant cause of drug-induced liver injury and acute liver failure. The diagnosis, screening, and management of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is challenging because of the complex mechanisms involved. Starting from the current studies on the mechanisms of AILI, this review focuses on novel findings in the field of diagnosis, screening, and management of AILI. It highlights the current issues that need to be addressed. This review is supposed to summarize the recent research progress and make recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Ni
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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21
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Domínguez-Ortega C, Busto N, Santamaría-Peláez M, Roche E, Gutiérez-Abejón E, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Influence of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on Physical Performance and Laboratory Biomarkers in Adult Males: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112463. [PMID: 37299425 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used as a sports supplement for its ability to modulate exercise-induced oxidative damage through its antioxidant actions and maintenance of glutathione homeostasis, positioning NAC as a strategy to improve physical performance. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the benefits of NAC supplementation on physical performance and laboratory biomarkers in adult men. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to assess the effects of NAC on physical performance, laboratory biomarkers, and adverse effects in adult men. Original articles published up to 30 April 2023 with a controlled trial design comparing NAC supplementation with a control group were included. The modified McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies was used as an assessment tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias was applied. Of the 777 records identified in the search, 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, most of the trials reported beneficial effects of NAC supplementation and no serious adverse events were reported. Participants supplemented with NAC showed significant improvements in exercise performance, antioxidant capacity, and glutathione homeostasis. However, there was no clear evidence of beneficial effects of NAC supplementation on haematological markers, inflammatory response, and muscle behaviour. NAC supplementation appears to be safe and may regulate glutathione homeostasis, have antioxidant effects, and improve exercise performance. However, further studies are needed to clarify the relevance of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Research Group "Nutrition and Physical Activity", Spanish Nutrition Society "SEÑ", 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Domínguez-Ortega
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Hematology Service of "Santa Bárbara Hospital", Castile and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
- Hematology Service of "Latorre Hospital", 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Natalia Busto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Mirian Santamaría-Peláez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Research Group "Nutrition and Physical Activity", Spanish Nutrition Society "SEÑ", 28010 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gutiérez-Abejón
- Pharmacological Big Data Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Pharmacy Directorate, Castilla y León Health Council, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Research Group "Nutrition and Physical Activity", Spanish Nutrition Society "SEÑ", 28010 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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22
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Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Proliferation, Hormone Secretion Level, and Gene Expression Profiles of Goat Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122306. [PMID: 36553574 PMCID: PMC9778279 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the proliferation, hormone secretion, and mRNA expression profiles of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro. A total of 12 ovaries from 6 follicular-stage goats were collected for granulosa cell extraction. The optimum concentration of NAC addition was determined to be 200 μM via the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) method. Next, GCs were cultured in a medium supplemented with 200 μM NAC (200 μM NAC group) and 0 μ M NAC (control group) for 48 h. The effects of 200 μM NAC on the proliferation of granulosa cells and hormones were studied by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA expression was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results indicate that 200 μM NAC significantly increased cell viability and the proportion of cells in the S phase but promoted hormone secretion to a lesser degree. Overall, 122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 51 upregulated and 71 downregulated genes were included. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that the most DEGs were enriched in terms of cell growth regulation, cell growth, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the cAMP-signaling pathway, and the Wnt-signaling pathway. Seven genes related to granulosa cell proliferation were screened, IGFBP4, HTRA4, SST, SSTR1, WISP1, DAAM2, and RSPO2. The above results provide molecular theoretical support for NAC as a feed additive to improve follicle development and improve reproductive performance in ewes.
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Cao X, Guo L, Zhou C, Huang C, Li G, Zhuang Y, Yang F, Liu P, Hu G, Gao X, Guo X. Effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on chronic heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovaries of growing pullets. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102274. [PMID: 36402045 PMCID: PMC9673114 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of supplemental N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on chronic heat stress-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the ovaries of growing pullets. A total of 120, 12-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown hens were randomly separated into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 5 birds in each group for 21 d. The 4 treatments were as follows: the CON group and CN group were supplemented with basal diet or basal diet with 1 g/kg NAC, respectively; and the HS group and HSN group were heat-stressed groups supplemented with basal diet or basal diet with 1 g/kg NAC, respectively. The results indicated that the ovaries suffered pathological damage due to chronic heat stress and that NAC effectively ameliorated these changes. Compared with the HS group, antioxidant enzyme activities (including SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC) were enhanced, while the MDA contents and the expression levels of HSP70 were decreased in the HSN group. In addition, NAC upregulated the expression levels of HO-1, SOD2, and GST by upregulating the activity of Nrf2 at different time points to mitigate oxidative stress caused by heat exposure. Simultaneously, NAC attenuated chronic heat stress-induced NF-κB pathway activation and decreased the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, IKK-α, and IFN-γ. Cumulatively, our results indicated that NAC could ameliorate chronic heat stress-induced ovarian damage by upregulating the antioxidative capacity and reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Oh JM, Chun S. Ginsenoside CK Inhibits the Early Stage of Adipogenesis via the AMPK, MAPK, and AKT Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1890. [PMID: 36290613 PMCID: PMC9598147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a health hazard in part due to the associated multiple diseases. As rates of obesity continue to increase, a new strategy for its prevention and treatment is required. Compound-K, an active ingredient in ginseng, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Although ginseng has used as various therapeutics, its potential ability to alleviate metabolic diseases by regulating adipocyte differentiation is still unknown. In this study, we found that CK treatment significantly inhibited lipid droplet and adipogenesis by downregulating the mRNA expression of C/ebpα, Ppar-γ, Fabp4, Srebp1, and adiponectin as well as protein levels of C/EBPα, PPAR-γ, and FABP4. CK also decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while it increased endogeneous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3 and SOD2. We observed that CK treatment suppressed the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B1 during the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) of adipocyte differentiation, and it arrested adipocytes at the G2/M stage due to the increased expression of p21 and p27. CK decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 and protein kinase B (AKT) in early-stage adipogenesis. In addition, the inhibition of adipogenesis by CK significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Interestingly, AMPK pharmacological inhibition with Dorsomorphin limited the effect of CK on suppressing PPAR-γ expression in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Our results suggest that CK exerts anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 cells through the activation of AMPK and inhibition of ERK/p38 and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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MRI Detection of Hepatic N-Acetylcysteine Uptake in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092138. [PMID: 36140239 PMCID: PMC9495914 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study looked at the feasibility of using a thiol–water proton exchange (i.e., CEST) MRI contrast to detect in vivo hepatic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) uptake. The feasibility of detecting NAC-induced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis using CEST MRI was also investigated. The detectability of the GSH amide and NAC thiol CEST effect at B0 = 7 T was determined in phantom experiments and simulations. C57BL/6 mice were injected intravenously (IV) with 50 g L−1 NAC in PBS (pH 7) during MRI acquisition. The dynamic magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) and partial Z-spectral data were generated from the acquisition of measurements of the upfield NAC thiol and downfield GSH amide CEST effects in the liver. The 1H-NMR spectroscopy on aqueous mouse liver extracts, post-NAC-injection, was performed to verify hepatic NAC uptake. The dynamic MTR and partial Z-spectral data revealed a significant attenuation of the mouse liver MR signal when a saturation pulse was applied at −2.7 ppm (i.e., NAC thiol proton resonance) after the IV injection of the NAC solution. The 1H-NMR data revealed the presence of hepatic NAC, which coincided strongly with the increased upfield MTR in the dynamic CEST data, providing strong evidence that hepatic NAC uptake was detected. However, this MTR enhancement was attributed to a combination of NAC thiol CEST and some other upfield MT-generating mechanism(s) to be identified in future studies. The detection of hepatic GSH via its amide CEST MRI contrast was inconclusive based on the current results.
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Stupin V, Abramov I, Gahramanov T, Kovalenko A, Manturova N, Litvitskiy P, Balkizov Z, Silina E. Comparative Study of the Results of Operations in Patients with Tumor and Non-Tumor Obstructive Jaundice Who Received and Did Not Receive Antioxidant Therapy for the Correction of Endotoxemia, Glycolysis, and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061203. [PMID: 35740100 PMCID: PMC9219634 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the results of surgical treatment and changes in biomarkers of cholestasis, endotoxicosis, cytolysis, lipid peroxidation, glycolysis disorders, and inflammation in patients with benign and malignant obstructive jaundice (OJ) in patients receiving and not receiving antioxidant pharmacotherapy (AOT). Patients and methods: The study included 113 patients (aged 21–90 years; 47 males and 66 females) who received surgical intervention for OJ due to non-malignant (71%) or malignant tumor (29%) etiologies. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 61) who did not receive AOT and Group II (n = 51) who received AOT (succinate-containing drug Reamberin) as part of detoxification infusion therapy. The surgical approach and scope of interventions in both groups were identical. Dynamic indicators of endotoxicosis, cholestasis, and cytolysis (total, direct, and indirect bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [AP] and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT]), kidney function (urea), lipid peroxidation (malonic dialdehyde, MDA), inflammation (leukocytosis), and glycolysis disorders (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose) were evaluated. Results: Tumor jaundice, unlike non-tumor jaundice, persisted and was characterized by a more severe course, a higher level of hyperbilirubinemia, and lipid peroxidation. The prognostic value of the direct (and total) bilirubin, MDA, glycemia, and leukocytosis levels on the day of hospitalization, which increased significantly in severe jaundice and, especially, in deceased patients, was established. Decompression interventions significantly reduced levels of markers of liver failure, cytolysis, cholestasis, and lipid peroxidation on day 3 after decompression by 1.5–3 times from initial levels; this is better achieved in non-tumor OJ. However, 8 days after decompression, most patients did not normalize the parameters studied in both groups. AOT favorably influenced the dynamics (on day 8 after decompression) of total and direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, MDA, and leukocytosis in non-tumor jaundice, as well as the dynamics of direct bilirubin, AST, MDA, glucose, and LDH in tumor jaundice. Clinically, in the AOT group, a two-fold reduction in the operative and non-operative complications was recorded (from 23% to 11.5%), a reduction in the duration of biliary drainage by 30%, the length of stay in intensive care units was reduced by 5 days, and even hospital mortality decreased, especially in malignancy-induced OJ. Conclusion: A mechanism for the development of liver failure in OJ is oxidative stress with the appearance of enhanced lipid peroxidation and accompanied by hepatocyte necrosis. Inclusion of AOT in perioperative treatment in these patients improves treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Igor Abramov
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Teymur Gahramanov
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Alexey Kovalenko
- Chemical Analytical Department, Institute of Toxicology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia Manturova
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Petr Litvitskiy
- Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zalim Balkizov
- Department of Hospital Surgery No.1, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.); (I.A.); (T.G.); (N.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9689559784
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Hao R, Ge J, Li F, Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, Li D. MiR-34a-5p/Sirt1 axis: A novel pathway for puerarin-mediated hepatoprotection against benzo(a)pyrene. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 186:53-65. [PMID: 35561843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a carcinogen induces oxidative stress and inflammation, causing health problems including liver damage. Puerarin (a natural flavonoid) is traditionally used to provide hepatoprotective effects. This research was established to meet the rising demand for effective therapies/treatments against hepatic diseases and investigate the mechanism underlying the protective actions of puerarin against BaP-induced liver damage. In mice, puerarin combated effectively the detrimental changes in liver weight, color and function indices caused by BaP. In HepG2 cells, puerarin alleviated BaP-induced cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation, and such effects were positively correlated with puerarin's concentration (12.5-50 μM). Mechanistic studies revealed that BaP induced low Sirt1 expression and high miR-34a-5p expression, and puerarin treatment alleviated these changes. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by BaP were almost eliminated when miR-34a-5p was silenced. Inhibiting miR-34a-5p or overexpressing Sirt1 had a similar effect to puerain treatment. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p and inhibition of Sirt1 reduced the protective effect of puerarin. Collectively, miR-34a-5p participates in the regulation of puerarin's protective function against BaP-induced injury through targeting Sirt1. There is a novel pathway for suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via miR-34a-5p/Sirt1 axis in puerarin-mediated hepatoprotection, which opens up a new avenue for alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rili Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Bağci Z, Arslan A, Neşelioğlu S. Pediatric Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Thiol/Disulfide Balance. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:104-107. [PMID: 35226618 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning remains the foremost cause of poisoning worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and normobaric oxygen therapy (NBOT) on thiol/disulfide homeostasis in children with CO intoxication. METHODS Eighty-one children aged 0 to 18 years with CO intoxication were included in this cross-sectional study. No changes were made in the routine clinical evaluation and treatment practices of the patients. Thirty-two children who received HBOT and 49 children who received NBOT were compared for serum native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels, as well as for the changes in disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratios before and after treatment. RESULTS Antioxidant levels, such as native thiol and total thiol, were significantly decreased in patients who received HBOT and increased in those who received NBOT (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups concerning the change of native thiol/total thiol ratios (P = 0.07). In addition, there was no significant difference regarding changes in disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, and disulfide/total thiol levels before and after treatment (P = 0.39, P = 0.07, and P = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although thiol-disulfide balance is maintained in patients treated with HBOT, antioxidant levels decrease significantly compared with NBOT. Despite efficiency of HBOT in CO intoxication, oxidative stress and reperfusion injury due to hyperoxygenation should be considered in the treatment of HBOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Bağci
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Konya Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkey
| | - Abdullah Arslan
- Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Emojevwe V, Nwangwa EK, Naiho AO, Oyovwi MO, Ben-Azu B. Toxicological outcome of phthalate exposure on male fertility: Ameliorative impacts of the co-administration of N-acetylcysteine and zinc sulfate in rats. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Reports have shown that humans are consistently exposed to environmental toxicants such as phthalate (PHT) during their daily activities. This results in reproductive dysfunction and infertility-related issues as already noted in human and experimental animals. We therefore designed this study to investigate fertility outcome in phthalate-exposed male rats treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with the view of providing a therapeutic alternative to reproductive toxicity caused by phthalate. The research was done in two phases. In phase 1, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of five (n = 7) groups given the following treatments for 21 days: group A was given distilled water as a control, while groups B, C, D, and E were given phthalate (750 mg/kg/day). Animals in groups C to E were also given ZnSO4 (0.5 mg/kg/day), N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg/day), and ZnSO4 (0.5 mg/kg/day) + N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg/day) in addition to phthalate. In phase 2, animals from groups in phase 1 were mated with females for fecundity testing.
Results
The result shows alteration in testicular and epididymis weight and testis/epididymis ratio, semen parameters, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, sperm DNA, serum Zn and Mg, testicular mitochondria apoptosis mechanisms (TNF-α and BCL-2), and testicular Ca2+-ATPase as well as fecundity outcome in the phthalate-treated group. However, ZnSO4 and NAC successfully ameliorated the deleterious effects of phthalate on semen parameters, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, serum electrolyte and mitochondria apoptosis mechanisms, and testicular electrogenic Ca2+-ATPase in phthalate-induced male rats with a better outcome in the combined therapy. Pregnancy outcome and litter sizes were also higher in the combined therapy when also compared with the phthalate-treated groups.
Conclusion
According to the result, ZnSO4 and NAC increased fertility outcome in phthalate-treated male rats through enhancement of testicular BCL-2, serum electrolyte, testicular Ca2+ATPase pumps, and cytoprotection.
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Jouandin P, Marelja Z, Shih YH, Parkhitko AA, Dambowsky M, Asara JM, Nemazanyy I, Dibble CC, Simons M, Perrimon N. Lysosomal cystine mobilization shapes the response of TORC1 and tissue growth to fasting. Science 2022; 375:eabc4203. [PMID: 35175796 PMCID: PMC8926155 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to nutrient scarcity involves an orchestrated response of metabolic and signaling pathways to maintain homeostasis. We find that in the fat body of fasting Drosophila, lysosomal export of cystine coordinates remobilization of internal nutrient stores with reactivation of the growth regulator target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1). Mechanistically, cystine was reduced to cysteine and metabolized to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by promoting CoA metabolism. In turn, acetyl-CoA retained carbons from alternative amino acids in the form of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and restricted the availability of building blocks required for growth. This process limited TORC1 reactivation to maintain autophagy and allowed animals to cope with starvation periods. We propose that cysteine metabolism mediates a communication between lysosomes and mitochondria, highlighting how changes in diet divert the fate of an amino acid into a growth suppressive program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jouandin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zvonimir Marelja
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IHU Imagine – Institut des maladies génétiques, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, 75015 Paris, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yung-Hsin Shih
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey A Parkhitko
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miriam Dambowsky
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IHU Imagine – Institut des maladies génétiques, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, 75015 Paris, France
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02175, USA
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris 75015, France
| | - Christian C. Dibble
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matias Simons
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IHU Imagine – Institut des maladies génétiques, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, 75015 Paris, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Rattanaumpa T, Maensiri S, Ngamchuea K. Microporous carbon in the selective electro-oxidation of molecular biomarkers: uric acid, ascorbic acid, and dopamine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18709-18721. [PMID: 35873328 PMCID: PMC9235059 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the superior electrocatalytic activities of microporous carbon in the oxidation of three molecular biomarkers, ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA), which are co-present in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tidapa Rattanaumpa
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Santi Maensiri
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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Fragrant rapeseed oil consumption prevents blood cholesterol accumulation via promoting fecal bile excretion and reducing oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet fed rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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El-Mowafy AM, Abdel-Aziz AA, Abdel-Dayem MA. Novel protection by Omega-3-FAs (DHA or EPA) against carbamazepine’s liver-injury: differential suppression of oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers, and the influence on carbamazepine-clearance. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Albeltagy RS, Mumtaz F, Abdel Moneim AE, El-Habit OH. N-Acetylcysteine Reduces miR-146a and NF-κB p65 Inflammatory Signaling Following Cadmium Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4657-4665. [PMID: 33454892 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We performed a thorough screening and analysis of the impact of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the miR146a/NF-κB p65 inflammatory pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in male albino rats. A total of 24 male albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a CdCl2-treated group (3 mg/kg, orally), and a CdCl2 + NAC-treated group (200 mg/kg of NAC, 1 h after CdCl2 treatment), for 60 consecutive days. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR146a, Irak1, Traf6, Nrf1, Nfe2l2, Pparg, Prkaa, Stat3, Tfam, Tnfa, and Il1b, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2 protein levels were assessed using ELISA, and NF-κB p65 was detected using western blotting. A significant restoration of homeostatic inflammatory processes as well as mitochondrial biogenesis was observed after NAC and CdCl2 treatment. Decreased miR146a and NF-κB p65 were also found after treatment with NAC and CdCl2 compared with CdCl2 treatment alone. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CdCl2 caused mtDNA release because of Tfam loss, leading to NF-κB p65 activation. Co-treatment with NAC could alleviate Cd-induced genotoxicity in liver tissue. We concluded that adding NAC to CdCl2 resulted in a decreased signaling of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha S Albeltagy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farah Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ola H El-Habit
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Safety, Tolerability, and Biologic Activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:2399-2409. [PMID: 34382947 PMCID: PMC8631161 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AXA1125 and AXA1957 are novel, orally administered endogenous metabolic modulator compositions, specifically designed to simultaneously support multiple metabolic and fibroinflammatory pathways associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study assessed safety, tolerability, and biologic activity of AXA1125 and AXA1957 in NAFLD. METHODS In this multicenter, 16-week, placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomized clinical study in subjects with NAFLD stratified by type 2 diabetes, AXA1125 24 g, AXA1957 13.5 g or 20.3 g, or placebo was administered twice daily. Key metabolism (MRI-proton density fat fraction [MRI-PDFF] and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and fibroinflammation markers (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], corrected T1 [cT1], keratin-18 [K-18] M65, and N-terminal type III collagen propeptide [Pro-C3]) were evaluated. Safety outcomes included adverse events and standard laboratory assessments. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of the 102 enrolled subjects, including 40 with type 2 diabetes, were consistent with presumed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. AXA1125 showed consistently greater biologic activity than AXA1957 or placebo. Week 16 changes from baseline with AXA1125 vs placebo: MRI-PDFF -22.9% vs -5.7%, HOMA-IR -4.4 vs +0.7, ALT -21.9% vs -7.2%, K-18 M65 -13.6% vs +20.1%, cT1 -69.6 vs +18.3 ms (P < 0.05), and Pro-C3 -13.6% vs -3.6%. Week 16 changes from baseline with AXA1957 20.3 g: MRI-PDFF -8.1%, HOMA-IR +8.4, ALT -20.7%, K-18 M65 6.6%, cT1 -34.7 ms, and Pro-C3 -15.6%. A greater proportion of subjects treated with AXA1125 achieved clinically relevant thresholds: ≥30% MRI-PDFF, ≥17-IU/L ALT, and ≥80-ms cT1 reductions at week 16. Study products were safe and well tolerated with stable lipid and weight profiles. DISCUSSION Both compositions showed multitargeted activity on relevant NAFLD pathways. AXA1125 demonstrated the greatest activity over 16 weeks, warranting continued clinical investigation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis subjects.
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Sun L, Ouyang J, Ma Y, Zeng Z, Zeng C, Zeng F, Wu S. An Activatable Probe with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Detecting and Imaging Herbal Medicine Induced Liver Injury with Optoacoustic Imaging and NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100867. [PMID: 34160144 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whilte herbal medicines are widely used for health promotion and therapy for chronic conditions, inappropriate use of them may cause adverse effects like liver injury, and accurately evaluating their hepatotoxicity is of great significance for public health. Herein, an activatable probe QY-N for diagnosing herbal-medicine-induced liver injury by detecting hepatic NO with NIR-II fluorescence and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging is demonstrated. The probe includes a bismethoxyphenyl-amine-containing dihydroxanthene serving as electron donor, a quinolinium as electron acceptor, and a butylamine as recognition group and fluorescence quencher. The hepatic level of NO reacts with butylamine, thereby generating the activated probe QY-NO which exhibits a red-shifted absorption band (700-850 nm) for optoacoustic imaging and generates strong emission (910-1110 nm) for NIR-II fluorescence imaging. QY-NO is aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) active, which ensures strong emission in aggregated state. QY-N is utilized in the triptolide-induced liver injury mouse model, and experimental results demonstrate the QY-N can be activated by hepatic NO and thus be used in detecting herbal-medicine-induced liver injury. The temporal and spatial information provided by three-dimensional MSOT images well delineates the site and size of liver injury. Moreover, QY-N has also been employed to monitor rehabilitation of liver injury during treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Khanam A, Kottilil S. Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752875. [PMID: 34820395 PMCID: PMC8606418 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a multifaceted condition with poor treatment options and high short-term mortality. ACLF can develop in patients with or without liver cirrhosis, where patients with decompensated cirrhosis display a higher risk of short-term mortality. Pathophysiological mechanisms include systemic inflammation due to bacterial and fungal infections and acute hepatic insult with drug, alcohol, and viral hepatitis. Cryptogenic factors also contribute to the development of ACLF. The clinical outcome of patients with ACLF gets further complicated by the occurrence of variceal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and systemic immune dysfunction. Regardless of the better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, no specific and definitive treatment is available except for liver transplantation. The recent approach of regenerative medicine using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be advantageous for the treatment of ACLF as these cells can downregulate inflammatory response by inducing antiinflammatory events and prevent hepatic damage and fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen synthesis. Moreover, MSCs are involved in tissue repair by the process of liver regeneration. Considering the broad therapeutic potential of MSCs, it can serve as an alternative treatment to liver transplant in the near future, if promising results are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Lee Y, Yoon DS, Lee YH, Kwak JI, An YJ, Lee JS, Park JC. Combined exposure to microplastics and zinc produces sex-specific responses in the water flea Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126652. [PMID: 34329117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and a great threat to the aquatic environment. Due to their small size (ranging from 1 µm to 5 mm), microplastics be easily ingested by a wide range of organisms and can serve as a vector for various contaminants. In this study, additive or possible synergistic effects of microplastics and zinc were demonstrated through sex-specific alterations in behavior, redox status, and modulation of detoxification-related genes in Daphnia magna, with males being more sensitive than females with stronger modulations of antioxidant responses, particularly on glutathione S-transferases expressions. Furthermore, we demonstrated microplastics may act as vectors for metals (Zn2+) in the aquatic environment in D. magna, with reduced bio-concentration of the total Zn concentration, inducing greater toxicity. Our findings demonstrated synergistic toxicity of the heavy metal Zn and microplastics and could contribute to greater understanding of sex-specific effects of microplastics in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Deok-Seo Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Dietary Supplements for Female Infertility: A Critical Review of Their Composition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103552. [PMID: 34684554 PMCID: PMC8541636 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is the condition of about 15% of couples that cannot get a conception after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse. In females, the reduced reproductive capacity underlies the most varied causes. Dietary supplements (DS) might be used to improve the pregnancy rate and a wide range of DS are proposed today to support female fertility. Although many authors demonstrated the positive effect of some of these products, the real efficacy of this approach is still debated. In order to evaluate the potential efficacy of DS for female infertility, we analysed the products marketed in Italy, using an original approach. A review of literature was performed to evaluate the effect of nutraceuticals on various female reproductive outcomes and to detect the minimal effective daily dose (mED) able to improve at least one of these. Thereafter, we conceived a formula to classify the expected efficacy of each DS. Each DS was scored and included into three classes of expected efficacy: higher, lower, and none. Ten out of 24 supplements (41.7%) resulted in the higher and 8 (34.3%) in the lower efficacy group, the remaining 6 DS (25.0%) were expected to have no efficacy. DS marketed in Italy are usually blends of many substances that are frequently employed at a negligible dose or without any evidence of efficacy. These findings raise serious doubt about the potential effectiveness of most commercial DS for female infertility.
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Affas S, Ayas MF, Kassab IA. Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Amphetamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure. J Med Cases 2021; 12:54-56. [PMID: 34434429 PMCID: PMC8383615 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious complication of many drugs. Amongst recreational drugs, cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) have been known to cause ALF as a complication. However, the true effects and management on the liver of such cases have not been well reported and treatment of such conditions needs prompt action. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a known hepatoprotective agent but remains controversial in the use of recreational drug-induced acute liver injury. We present a case of ALF secondary to amphetamine ingestion, with a rapid recovery after administration of intravenous NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Affas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mohamad Fekredeen Ayas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ihab A Kassab
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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41
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Garcinia cambogia Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated Steatosis and Apoptosis through NRF2-ARE Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081226. [PMID: 34439474 PMCID: PMC8388869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is used as an anti-obesity supplement, and its protective potential against NAFLD has been investigated. This study aims to present the therapeutic effects of G. cambogia on NAFLD and reveal underlying mechanisms. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administered G. cambogia for eight weeks, and steatosis, apoptosis, and biochemical parameters were examined in vivo. FFA-induced HepG2 cells were treated with G. cambogia, and lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ROS level, and signal alterations were examined. The results showed that G. cambogia inhibited HFD-induced steatosis and apoptosis and abrogated abnormalities in serum chemistry. G. cambogia increased in NRF2 nuclear expression and activated antioxidant responsive element (ARE), causing induction of antioxidant gene expression. NRF2 activation inhibited FFA-induced ROS production, which suppressed lipogenic transcription factors, C/EBPα and PPARγ. Moreover, the ability of G. cambogia to inhibit ROS production suppressed apoptosis by normalizing the Bcl-2/BAX ratio and PARP cleavage. Lastly, these therapeutic effects of G. cambogia were due to hydroxycitric acid (HCA). These findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which G. cambogia regulates NAFLD progression.
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42
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Icariin and its phosphorylated derivatives reduce duck hepatitis A virus serotype 1-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in duck embryonic hepatocytes through mitochondrial regulation. Res Vet Sci 2021; 139:133-139. [PMID: 34298287 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus serotype 1 (DHAV-1) causes acute inflammatory injury with a very high mortality rate in ducklings, leading to severe economic losses worldwide, especially in mainland China. There is an urgent need to find new treatments to prevent and control infection with DHAV-1. Not only is there a shortage of commercial anti-DHAV-1 drugs, but there are also gaps in the use and protection rates of existing commercial vaccines. We previously found that icariin (ICA), an extract of Epimedium, can reduce the mortality rate of ducklings after DHAV-1 infection, and the effect of ICA after phosphorylation modification (pICA) is more evident. In this study, we used duck embryo hepatocytes (DEHs) to investigate the mechanism of the alleviation of DHAV-1-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by ICA and pICA, and to further study their effects on hepatocyte mitochondrial function, apoptosis and cell cycle. It was found that ICA and pICA can inhibit the negative effects of DHAV-1 on apoptosis and cell cycle progression by stabilizing mitochondrial function, thereby reducing inflammation and ultimately protecting liver cells. The effects of pICA are more beneficial than those of ICA. The results of this study may be useful in the development of a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against DHAV-1 and other acute inflammatory diseases.
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43
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Tenório MCDS, Graciliano NG, Moura FA, de Oliveira ACM, Goulart MOF. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): Impacts on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:967. [PMID: 34208683 PMCID: PMC8234027 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medicine widely used to treat paracetamol overdose and as a mucolytic compound. It has a well-established safety profile, and its toxicity is uncommon and dependent on the route of administration and high dosages. Its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity is the biochemical basis used to treat several diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The primary role of NAC as an antioxidant stems from its ability to increase the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH), which is the most crucial biothiol responsible for cellular redox imbalance. As an anti-inflammatory compound, NAC can reduce levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β) by suppressing the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Despite NAC's relevant therapeutic potential, in several experimental studies, its effectiveness in clinical trials, addressing different pathological conditions, is still limited. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the medicinal effects and applications of NAC to human health based on current therapeutic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayara Gomes Graciliano
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (N.G.G.); (A.C.M.d.O.)
| | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil;
- College of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (N.G.G.); (A.C.M.d.O.)
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil;
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil;
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil; (N.G.G.); (A.C.M.d.O.)
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44
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Daou N, Viader A, Cokol M, Nitzel A, Chakravarthy MV, Afeyan R, Tramontin T, Marukian S, Hamill MJ. A novel, multitargeted endogenous metabolic modulator composition impacts metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-relevant primary human cell models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11861. [PMID: 34088912 PMCID: PMC8178416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a complex metabolic disease of heterogeneous and multifactorial pathogenesis that may benefit from coordinated multitargeted interventions. Endogenous metabolic modulators (EMMs) encompass a broad set of molecular families, including amino acids and related metabolites and precursors. EMMs often serve as master regulators and signaling agents for metabolic pathways throughout the body and hold the potential to impact a complex metabolic disease like NASH by targeting a multitude of pathologically relevant biologies. Here, we describe a study of a novel EMM composition comprising five amino acids and an amino acid derivative (Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Arginine, Glutamine, and N-acetylcysteine [LIVRQNac]) and its systematic evaluation across multiple NASH-relevant primary human cell model systems, including hepatocytes, macrophages, and stellate cells. In these model systems, LIVRQNac consistently and simultaneously impacted biology associated with all three core pathophysiological features of NASH—metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrotic. Importantly, it was observed that while the individual constituent amino acids in LIVRQNac can impact specific NASH-related phenotypes in select cell systems, the complete combination was necessary to impact the range of disease-associated drivers examined. These findings highlight the potential of specific and potent multitargeted amino acid combinations for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Daou
- Axcella Health Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Murat Cokol
- Axcella Health Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arianna Nitzel
- Axcella Health Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Hamill
- Axcella Health Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Guo J, Duan L, He X, Li S, Wu Y, Xiang G, Bao F, Yang L, Shi H, Gao M, Zheng L, Hu H, Liu X. A Combined Model of Human iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids and Hepatocytes Reveals Ferroptosis in DGUOK Mutant mtDNA Depletion Syndrome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004680. [PMID: 34026460 PMCID: PMC8132052 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) is a group of severe inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes, such as deoxyribonucleoside kinase (DGUOK). A great majority of DGUOK mutant MDS patients develop iron overload progressing to severe liver failure. However, the pathological mechanisms connecting iron overload and hepatic damage remains uncovered. Here, two patients' skin fibroblasts are reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then corrected by CRISPR/Cas9. Patient-specific iPSCs and corrected iPSCs-derived high purity hepatocyte organoids (iHep-Orgs) and hepatocyte-like cells (iHep) are generated as cellular models for studying hepatic pathology. DGUOK mutant iHep and iHep-Orgs, but not control and corrected one, are more sensitive to iron overload-induced ferroptosis, which can be rescued by N-Acetylcysteine (NAC). Mechanically, this ferroptosis is a process mediated by nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4)-dependent degradation of ferritin in lysosome and cellular labile iron release. This study reveals the underlying pathological mechanisms and the viable therapeutic strategies of this syndrome, and is the first pure iHep-Orgs model in hereditary liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Guo
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityHefei230026China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Lifan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Xueying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Shengbiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Ge Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Feixiang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Mi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Lingjun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
| | - Huili Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental TeratologyMinistry of Education and Department of GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaBioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityHefei230026China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative BiologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineInstitute for Stem Cell and RegenerationGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530China
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BAKİ AM, VURAL P, AYDIN AF, SOLUK TEKKEŞİN M, DOĞRU-ABBASOĞLU S, UYSAL M. Effect of α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine on liver oxidative stress, preneoplastic lesions induced by diethylnitrosamine plus high-fat diet. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.830126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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47
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Genç F, Peker EGGÜ. Does Short-Term and Low-Dose N-Acetylcysteine Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in The Liver Tissues of Diabetic Rats? Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:568-574. [PMID: 33739173 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211003668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease in which the oxidant-antioxidant balance is impaired, causing many complications, including hepatopathy. In this study, the effects of short-term and low-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on the biochemical, proinflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the liver tissue of diabetic rats were investigated. Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats weighing approximately 250-300 g were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Control, Streptozotosin (STZ)-induced diabetes (DM), NAC treatment (60 mg/kg), and STZ-induced diabetes treated with NAC (DM+NAC; 60 mg/kg). NAC treatment was administered intraperitoneally as a single daily dose for 7 days. At the end of the experiment (3 weeks), blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical parameter analysis. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, and nitric oxide (NOx) levels were determined by spectrophotometric method. Tissue inflammation parameters were evaluated by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values increased significantly with diabetes. NAC treatment significantly decreased serum ALT and AST levels and proinflammatory cytokines in the diabetic group. Liver glutathione (GSH) and NOx levels increased significantly in the DM+NAC group (p < 0.05). While NAC treatment reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, it improved the inflammatory response and antioxidant status. The beneficial effect of NAC treatment may be due to its antioxidant activity and the resulting increased level of GSH. The results show that low-dose and short-term NAC treatment had a positive effect on oxidative damage and inflammation in liver tissue. NAC can be used as a potential antioxidant in diabetes to prevent hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Genç
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, 187438Giresun University, Turkey
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48
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Bastin AR, Nazari-Robati M, Sadeghi H, Doustimotlagh AH, Sadeghi A. Trehalose and N-Acetyl Cysteine Alleviate Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:963-979. [PMID: 33632046 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1891095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence has shown that inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in the development of a great number of human diseases. Trehalose possesses various biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is little data on the effects of trehalose on human cells including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Here, we aimed to investigate whether trehalose could attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in PBMCs.Methods: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR were used to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines. To investigate the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB, western blot analysis was utilized. Oxidant-antioxidant markers were assessed using ELISA and colorimetric procedures.Results: The results revealed that trehalose significantly mitigated the effect of LPS on the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-κB-P65 (p < .00). This mitigation was associated with significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P < .05). The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) also showed similar effects on JNK and NF-κB-P65 phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokines (p < .00). Furthermore, trehalose alleviated oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated PBMCs as it reversed the altered levels of malondialdehyde and total thiols (p ≤ .05) and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and manganese superoxide dismutase (p < .001).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that trehalose prevented inflammation and oxidative stress in the LPS-stimulated PBMCs, providing evidence for the benefits of trehalose as a potential therapeutic agent in inflammatory conditions.Abbreviations: LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NAC: N-Acetyl cysteine; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Bastin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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49
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Atamanalp M, Parlak V, Özgeriş FB, Çilingir Yeltekin A, Ucar A, Keleş MS, Alak G. Treatment of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA injury with N-acetylcysteine at simulative pesticide toxicity in fish. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:224-234. [PMID: 33412942 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1871794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide toxicities are common in aquatic ecosystems and affects aquatic livings negative. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the antioxidant system in aquatic organisms and to protect the organisms against these toxic chemicals. In this study, the simulative toxicity was established to the fish then the healing process was followed. For this purpose, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to cypermethrin and left to the recovery process with either N-acetyl cysteine (an antioxidant, 0.5 mM-1.0 mM concentrations) or no intervention (self-healing) for 96 h. In this context, paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities as well as MDA, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels were measured in fish gills, liver and kidney tissues. In addition, trace element tests were performed in the tissues sampled for each group. At the result of pesticide exposure, SOD, CAT, GPx, PON, AR and AChE activities were increased but MDA, MPO, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels were decreased in N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treated groups in all tissues compared to self-healing group (p < 0.05). When the element analysis of the samples was examined, tissue-based differences were observed significantly in all application groups (p < 0.05). Considering the results of the study, it was found that NAC administration at high concentration (1.0 Mm NAC) was more effective on pesticide toxicity. It was concluded that the most sensitive tissue was the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Sait Keleş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA, Almatroudi A, Khan AA, Anwar S, Almutary AG, Alrumaihi F, Rahmani AH. 6-Gingerol, a Major Ingredient of Ginger Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats through the Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6661937. [PMID: 33531877 PMCID: PMC7837795 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a well-known hepatocarcinogen, and its oral administration causes severe liver damage including cancer. DEN induces the pathogenesis of the liver through reactive oxygen species mediated inflammation and modulation of various biological activities. 6-Gingerol, a major component of ginger, is reported to prevent liver diseases by reducing the oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators. The present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of 6-gingerol through the measurement of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory markers, liver function enzyme parameter, and histopathological analysis. The rats were randomly divided into four groups as the control, DEN treated (50 mg/kg b.w.), DEN+6-gingerol (each 50 mg/kg b.w.), and 6-gingerol only. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects, liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), oxidative stress markers (SOD, GSH, GST, and TAC), lipid peroxidation, inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM1), haematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were performed. The results showed a significant increase in liver function enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in the DEN-treated group as compared to the control group. Besides this, altered architecture of hepatocytes (infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, blood vessel dilation, and edema), abundant collagen fiber and organelle structures like distorted shaped and swollen mitochondria, and broken endoplasmic reticulum were noticed. The administration of 6-gingerol significantly ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological changes. The increased expression of TNF-α protein was noticed in the DEN-treated group whereas the administration of 6-gingerol significantly decreased the expression of this protein. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that 6-gingerol may be an alternative therapy for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G. Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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