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Müller C, Budnik N, Mirkin FG, Vater CF, Bravo-Almonacid FF, Perez-Castro C, Wirth SA, Segretin ME. Production of biologically active human basic fibroblast growth factor (hFGFb) using Nicotiana tabacum transplastomic plants. PLANTA 2024; 260:28. [PMID: 38878167 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We generated transplastomic tobacco lines that stably express a human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (hFGFb) in their chloroplasts stroma and purified a biologically active recombinant hFGFb. MAIN: The use of plants as biofactories presents as an attractive technology with the potential to efficiently produce high-value human recombinant proteins in a cost-effective manner. Plastid genome transformation stands out for its possibility to accumulate recombinant proteins at elevated levels. Of particular interest are recombinant growth factors, given their applications in animal cell culture and regenerative medicine. In this study, we produced recombinant human Fibroblast Growth Factor (rhFGFb), a crucial protein required for animal cell culture, in tobacco chloroplasts. We successfully generated two independent transplastomic lines that are homoplasmic and accumulate rhFGFb in their leaves. Furthermore, the produced rhFGFb demonstrated its biological activity by inducing proliferation in HEK293T cell lines. These results collectively underscore plastid genome transformation as a promising plant-based bioreactor for rhFGFb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Müller
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Budnik
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET)- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1425FQ, Argentina
| | - Federico Gabriel Mirkin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Catalina Francisca Vater
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Fernando Félix Bravo-Almonacid
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Carolina Perez-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET)- Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1425FQ, Argentina
| | - Sonia Alejandra Wirth
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA-CONICET-UBA), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Segretin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires, C1428EGA, Argentina.
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Poudel SB, Bhattarai G, Kwon TH, Lee JC. Biopotentials of Collagen Scaffold Impregnated with Plant-Cell-Derived Epidermal Growth Factor in Defective Bone Healing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093335. [PMID: 37176216 PMCID: PMC10179640 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The combination of scaffolds with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) protein can enhance defective bone healing via synergistic activation to stimulate cellular growth, differentiation, and survival. We examined the biopotentials of an rhEGF-loaded absorbable collagen scaffold (ACS) using a mouse model of calvarial defects, in which the rhEGF was produced from a plant cell suspension culture system because of several systemic advantages. Here, we showed a successful and large-scale production of plant-cell-derived rhEGF protein (p-rhEGF) by introducing an expression vector that cloned with its cDNA under the control of rice α-amylase 3D promoter into rice calli (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin). Implantation with p-rhEGF (5 μg)-loaded ACSs into critical-sized calvarial defects enhanced new bone formation and the expression of osteoblast-specific markers in the defected regions greater than implantation with ACSs alone did. The potency of p-rhEGF-induced bone healing was comparable with that of Escherichia coli-derived rhEGF protein. The exogenous addition of p-rhEGF increased the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells and augmented the induction of interleukin 8, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates the successful and convenient production of p-rhEGF, as well as its potency to enhance ACS-mediated bone regeneration by activating cellular responses that are required for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kwon
- Natural Bio-Materials Inc., Iksan 54631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development & Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Wei Z, Fan J, Song X, Xing S. Hyper-expression of GFP-fused active hFGF21 in tobacco chloroplasts. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 208-209:106271. [PMID: 37084839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21) is a promising candidate for metabolic diseases. In this study, a tobacco chloroplast transformation vector, pWYP21406, was constructed that consisted of codon-optimized encoding gene hFGF21 fused with GFP at its 5' terminal; it was driven by the promoter of plastid rRNA operon (Prrn) and terminated by the terminator of plastid rps16 gene (Trps16). Spectinomycin-resistant gene (aadA) was the marker and placed in the same cistron between hFGF21 and the terminator Trps16. Transplastomic plants were generated by the biolistic bombardment method and proven to be homoplastic by Southern blotting analysis. The expression of GFP was detected under ultraviolet light and a laser confocal microscope. The expression of GFP-hFGF21 was confirmed by immunoblotting and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). The accumulation of GFP-hFGF21 was confirmed to be 12.44 ± 0.45% of the total soluble protein (i.e., 1.9232 ± 0.0673 g kg-1 of fresh weight). GFP-hFGF21 promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cell line HepG2, inducing the expression of glucose transporter 1 in hepatoma HepG2 cells and improving glucose uptake. These results suggested that a chloroplast expression is a promising approach for the production of bioactive recombinant hFGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China; Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jieying Fan
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xinyuan Song
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Jilin Provincial Crop Transgenic Science and Technology Innovation Center, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Wang Y, Fan J, Ahmad N, Xin W, Wei Z, Xing S. Successful production of human epidermal growth factor in tobacco chloroplasts in a biologically active conformation. Growth Factors 2023; 41:20-31. [PMID: 36454601 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2150187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is an important therapeutic compound with multiple applications particularly in pharmaceutical industry. Human EGF has already been expressed in different expression systems, however, the production of hEGF with bioactivity in chloroplasts has not been successful so far. In this study, we expressed a 6 × His-tagged hEGF in tobacco chloroplasts in its native conformation for the potential of large-scale production of hEGF for industrial applications. Several transplastomic plant lines were obtained, which were screened by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using primers specific to selectable gene aadA, hEGF- and GFP-coding sequences that were included in the chloroplast expression vector. The selected lines were confirmed to be homoplasmic by PCR verification and Southern blot analysis. Immunoblotting assays of homoplasmic lines using antibodies raised against hEGF confirmed the accumulation of hEGF in transplastomic plants and the ELISA results demonstrated the expression levels of hEGF were between 0.124% and 0.165% of the total soluble proteins (TSP), namely, 23.16-25.77 ng/g of the fresh weight. In terms of activity, the data from cell proliferation and elongation assays showed that the tobacco-derived recombinant hEGF was as bioactive as its commercial counterpart. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombinant production of hEGF with native bioactivity form in the chloroplast stroma. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of higher plant chloroplasts for the production of a human therapeutic, hEGF, in an active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jieying Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wen Xin
- Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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5
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Wang Y, Fan J, Wei Z, Xing S. Efficient expression of fusion human epidermal growth factor in tobacco chloroplasts. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36611158 PMCID: PMC9824920 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplast transformation is a robust technology for the expression of recombinant proteins. Various types of pharmaceutical proteins including growth factors have been reported in chloroplasts via chloroplast transformation approach at high expression levels. However, high expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in chloroplasts with the technology is still unavailable. RESULTS The present work explored the high-level expression of recombinant EGF, a protein widely applied in many clinical therapies, in tobacco chloroplasts. In this work, homoplastic transgenic plants expressing fusion protein GFP-EGF, which was composed of GFP and EGF via a linker, were generated. The expression of GFP-EGF was confirmed by the combination of green fluorescent observation and Western blotting. The achieved accumulation of the recombinant fusion GFP-EGF was 10.21 ± 0.27% of total soluble proteins (1.57 ± 0.05 g kg- 1 of fresh leaf). The chloroplast-derived GFP-EGF was capable of increasing the cell viability of the NSLC cell line A549 and enhancing the phosphorylation level of the EGF receptor in the A549 cells. CONCLUSION The expression of recombinant EGF in tobacco chloroplasts via chloroplast transformation method was achieved at considerable accumulation level. The attempt gives a good example for the application of chloroplast transformation technology in recombinant pharmaceutical protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China
| | - Jieying Fan
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China ,grid.452720.60000 0004 0415 7259Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- grid.464388.50000 0004 1756 0215Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033 China
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Wang Y, Xu N, Fan J, Wei Z, Xin W, Xing S. Stable and efficient expression of human brain-derived neurotrophic factor in tobacco chloroplasts. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:409-416. [PMID: 36335524 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an intensively studied neurotrophin that promotes various physiological processes, such as acceleration of cell proliferation and differentiation, and is, therefore widely used in clinical applications. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, an expression vector with a codon-optimized hBDNF gene was constructed and transferred into chloroplasts of tobacco by gene-gun. After three or four rounds of selection with optimal spectinomycin concentration, hBDNF was integrated into the chloroplast genome of homoplastomic plants, as confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization. ELISA indicated that hBDNF fused with GFP represented approximately 15.72% ± 0.33% of total soluble protein in the leaves of transplastomic plants. Moreover, the chloroplast-derived hBDNF displayed biological activity similar to the commercial product. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case report of hBDNF expression by chloroplast transformation in the plant model, providing an additional pathway for the production of chloroplast-expressed therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieying Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xin
- Beijing TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Macauyag EA, Kajiura H, Ohashi T, Misaki R, Fujiyama K. High-level transient production of a protease-resistant mutant form of human basic fibroblast growth factor in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:291-301. [PMID: 36349230 PMCID: PMC9592933 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a protein that plays a pivotal role in cellular processes like cell proliferation and development. As a result, it has become an important component in cell culture systems, with applications in biomedical engineering, cosmetics, and research. Alternative production techniques, such as transient production in plants, are becoming a feasible option as the demand continues to grow. High-level bFGF production was achieved in this study employing an optimized Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system, which yielded about a 3-fold increase in production over a conventional system. This yield was further doubled at about 185 µg g-1 FW using a mutant protease-resistant version that degraded/aggregated at a three-fold slower rate in leaf crude extracts. To achieve a pure product, a two-step purification technique was applied. The capacity of the pure protease-resistant bFGF (PRbFGF) to stimulate cell proliferation was tested and was found to be comparable to that of E. coli-produced bFGF in HepG2 and CHO-K1 cells. Overall, this study demonstrates a high-level transient production system of functional PRbFGF in N. benthamiana leaves as well as an efficient tag-less purification technique of leaf crude extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edjohn Aaron Macauyag
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Ohashi
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Cooperative Research Station in Southeast Asia (OU: CRS), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Soni AP, Lee J, Shin K, Koiwa H, Hwang I. Production of Recombinant Active Human TGFβ1 in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922694. [PMID: 35712604 PMCID: PMC9197560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins in plant systems is receiving wider attention. Indeed, various plant-produced pharmaceuticals have been shown to be biologically active. However, the production of human growth factors and cytokines in heterologous systems is still challenging because they often act as complex forms, such as homo- or hetero-dimers, and their production is tightly regulated in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that the mature form of human TGFβ1 produced and purified from Nicotiana benthamiana shows biological activity in animal cells. To produce the mature form of TGFβ1, various recombinant genes containing the mature form of TGFβ1 were generated and produced in N. benthamiana. Of these, a recombinant construct, BiP:M:CBM3:LAP[C33S]:EK:TGFβ1, was expressed at a high level in N. benthamiana. Recombinant proteins were one-step purified using cellulose-binding module 3 (CBM3) as an affinity tag and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) beads as a matrix. The TGFβ1 recombinant protein bound on MCC beads was proteolytically processed with enterokinase to separate mature TGFβ1. The mature TGFβ1 still associated with Latency Associated Protein, [LAP(C33S)] that had been immobilized on MCC beads was released by HCl treatment. Purified TGFβ1 activated TGFβ1-mediated signaling in the A549 cell line, thereby inducing phosphorylation of SMAD-2, the expression of ZEB-2 and SNAIL1, and the formation of a filopodia-like structure. Based on these results, we propose that active mature TGFβ1, one of the most challenging growth factors to produce in heterologous systems, can be produced from plants at a high degree of purity via a few steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Prakash Soni
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kunyoo Shin
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Development Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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Shanmugaraj B, I. Bulaon CJ, Phoolcharoen W. Plant Molecular Farming: A Viable Platform for Recombinant Biopharmaceutical Production. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070842. [PMID: 32635427 PMCID: PMC7411908 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The demand for recombinant proteins in terms of quality, quantity, and diversity is increasing steadily, which is attracting global attention for the development of new recombinant protein production technologies and the engineering of conventional established expression systems based on bacteria or mammalian cell cultures. Since the advancements of plant genetic engineering in the 1980s, plants have been used for the production of economically valuable, biologically active non-native proteins or biopharmaceuticals, the concept termed as plant molecular farming (PMF). PMF is considered as a cost-effective technology that has grown and advanced tremendously over the past two decades. The development and improvement of the transient expression system has significantly reduced the protein production timeline and greatly improved the protein yield in plants. The major factors that drive the plant-based platform towards potential competitors for the conventional expression system are cost-effectiveness, scalability, flexibility, versatility, and robustness of the system. Many biopharmaceuticals including recombinant vaccine antigens, monoclonal antibodies, and other commercially viable proteins are produced in plants, some of which are in the pre-clinical and clinical pipeline. In this review, we consider the importance of a plant- based production system for recombinant protein production, and its potential to produce biopharmaceuticals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Shanmugaraj
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Christine Joy I. Bulaon
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-218-8359; Fax: +66-2-218-8357
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Phan NV, Wright T, Rahman MM, Xu J, Coburn JM. In Vitro Biocompatibility of Decellularized Cultured Plant Cell-Derived Matrices. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:822-832. [PMID: 33464854 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in exploring the use of decellularized plant tissue as a novel "green" material for biomedical applications. As part of this effort, we have developed a technique to decellularize cultured plant cells (tobacco BY-2 cells and rice cells) and tissue (tobacco hairy roots) that uses deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I)). As a proof of concept, all cultured plant cells and tissue were transformed to express recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to show that the proteins of interest could be retained within the matrices. Decellularization of lyophilized tobacco BY-2 cells with DNase for 30 min depleted the DNA content from 1503 ± 459 to 31 ± 5 ng/sample. The decellularization procedure resulted in approximately 36% total protein retention (154 ± 60 vs 424 ± 70 μg/sample) and 33% EGFP retention. Similar results for DNA removal and protein retention were observed with the rice cells and tobacco hairy root matrices. When exposed to decellularized BY-2 cell-derived matrices, monolayer cultures of human foreskin fibroblasts (hFFs) maintained or increased metabolic activity, which is an indicator of cell viability. Furthermore, hFFs were able to attach, spread, and proliferate when cultured with the decellularized BY-2 cell-derived matrices in an aggregate model. Overall, these studies demonstrate that cultured plant cells and tissue can be effectively decellularized with DNase I with substantial protein retention. The resulting material has a positive impact on hFF metabolic activity and could be employed to create a three-dimensional environment for cell growth. These results thus show the promise of using naturally derived cellulose matrices from cultured plant cells and tissues for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi V Phan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
| | - Tristen Wright
- Department of Biological Science, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
| | - M Masrur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States.,College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas 72401, United States
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609-2280, United States
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Poudel SB, Min CK, Lee JH, Shin YJ, Kwon TH, Jeon YM, Lee JC. Local supplementation with plant-derived recombinant human FGF2 protein enhances bone formation in critical-sized calvarial defects. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:900-912. [PMID: 30843129 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the advantages of plant cell suspension culture systems in producing bioactive recombinant human growth factors. This study investigated the biological activity of recombinant basic human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF2) protein produced by a plant culture system to enhance new bone formation in a bone defect mouse model. The human FGF2 cDNA gene was cloned into a plant expression vector driven by the rice α-amylase 3D promoter. The vector was introduced into rice calli (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin), and the clone with the highest expression of rhFGF2 was selected. Maximum accumulation of rhFGF2 protein (approximately 28 mg/l) was reached at 13 day post-incubation. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent calvarial defect surgery and the defects were loaded with absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) only (ACS group) or ACS impregnated with 5 μg of plant-derived rhFGF2 (p-FGF2) protein or E. coli-derived rhFGF2 (e-FGF2) protein. Similar to the effects of e-FGF2, local delivery with p-FGF2 enhanced bone healing in the damaged region to higher levels than the ACS group. Exogenous addition of p-FGF2 or e-FGF2 exhibited similar effects on proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic marker expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Together, the current findings support the usefulness of this plant-based expression system for the production of biologically active rhFGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Bahadur Poudel
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Shin
- Natural Bio-Materials Inc., Iksan, 54631, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kwon
- Natural Bio-Materials Inc., Iksan, 54631, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Jeon
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- School of Dentistry, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Queiroz LN, Maldaner FR, Mendes ÉA, Sousa AR, D'Allastta RC, Mendonça G, Mendonça DBS, Aragão FJL. Evaluation of lettuce chloroplast and soybean cotyledon as platforms for production of functional bone morphogenetic protein 2. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:213-224. [PMID: 30888592 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein BMP2 plays a crucial role in the formation and regeneration of bone and cartilage, which is critical for maintaining skeletal integrity and bone fracture repair. Because of its important role in osteogenic properties it has been commercially produced for clinical use. Here we report attempts to express human BMP2 using two plant systems (lettuce chloroplast and soybean seeds). The rhBMP2 gene (coding for the 13 kDa active polypeptide) was introduced in two regions of the lettuce chloroplast genome. Two homoplasmic events were achieved and RT-PCR demonstrated that the BMP2 gene was transcribed. However, it was not possible to detect accumulation of rhBMP2 in leaves. Two soybean events were achieved to express a full-length hBMP2 gene (coding for the 45 kDa pro-BMP2) fused with the α-coixin signal peptide, under control of the β-conglycinin promoter. Pro-BMP2 was expressed in the transgenic seeds at levels of up to 9.28% of the total soluble seed protein as determined by ELISA. It was demonstrated that this recombinant form was biologically active upon administration to C2C12 cell cultures, because it was able to induce an osteogenic cascade, as observed by the enhanced expression of SP7 (osterix) and ALPI (alkaline phosphatase) genes. Collectively, these results corroborated our previous observation that soybean seeds provide an effective strategy for achieving stable accumulation of functional therapeutic proteins, such as BMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia N Queiroz
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 49109-1078, USA
| | - Franciele R Maldaner
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Érica A Mendes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Aline R Sousa
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C D'Allastta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 49109-1078, USA
| | - Daniela B S Mendonça
- Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 49109-1078, USA
| | - Francisco J L Aragão
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB W5 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil.
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13
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Sathishkumar R, Kumar SR, Hema J, Baskar V. Green Biotechnology: A Brief Update on Plastid Genome Engineering. ADVANCES IN PLANT TRANSGENICS: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120283 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9624-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant genetic engineering has become an inevitable tool in the molecular breeding of crops. Significant progress has been made in the generation of novel plastid transformation vectors and optimized transformation protocols. There are several advantages of plastid genome engineering over conventional nuclear transformation. Some of the advantages include multigene engineering by expression of biosynthetic pathway genes as operons, extremely high-level expression of protein accumulation, lack of transgene silencing, etc. Transgene containment owing to maternal inheritance is another important advantage of plastid genome engineering. Chloroplast genome modification usually results in alteration of several thousand plastid genome copies in a cell. Several therapeutic proteins, edible vaccines, antimicrobial peptides, and industrially important enzymes have been successfully expressed in chloroplasts so far. Here, we critically recapitulate the latest developments in plastid genome engineering. Latest advancements in plastid genome sequencing are briefed. In addition, advancement of extending the toolbox for plastid engineering for selected applications in the area of molecular farming and production of industrially important enzyme is briefed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Sathishkumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Jagadeesan Hema
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkidasamy Baskar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
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14
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Mirzaee M, Jalali-Javaran M, Moieni A, Zeinali S, Behdani M. Expression of VGRNb-PE immunotoxin in transplastomic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:103-112. [PMID: 29633168 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This research has shown, for the first time, that plant chloroplasts are a suitable compartment for synthesizing recombinant immunotoxins and the transgenic immunotoxin efficiently causes the inhibition of VEGFR2 overexpression, cell growth and proliferation. Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels, which resulted in the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) plays a major role in angiogenesis and blocking of its signaling inhibits neovascularization and tumor metastasis. Immunotoxins are promising therapeutics for targeted cancer therapy. They consist of an antibody linked to a protein toxin and are designed to specifically kill the tumor cells. In our previous study, VGRNb-PE immunotoxin protein containing anti-VEGFR2 nanobody fused to the truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A has been established. Here, we expressed this immunotoxin in lettuce chloroplasts. Chloroplast genetic engineering offers several advantages, including high levels of transgene expression, multigene engineering in a single transformation event and maternal inheritance of the transgenes. Site specific integration of transgene into chloroplast genomes, and homoplasmy were confirmed. Immunotoxin levels reached up to 1.1% of total soluble protein or 33.7 µg per 100 mg of leaf tissue (fresh weight). We demonstrated that transgenic immunotoxin efficiently causes the inhibition of VEGFR2 overexpression, cell growth and proliferation. These results indicate that plant chloroplasts are a suitable compartment for synthesizing recombinant immunotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirzaee
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 1497713111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Jalali-Javaran
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 1497713111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 1497713111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Biotechnology Department, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Adem M, Beyene D, Feyissa T. Recent achievements obtained by chloroplast transformation. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:30. [PMID: 28428810 PMCID: PMC5395794 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a great role for sustained wellbeing of life on the planet. They have the power and raw materials that can be used as sophisticated biological factories. They are rich in energy as they have lots of pigment-protein complexes capable of collecting sunlight, in sugar produced by photosynthesis and in minerals imported from the plant cell. Chloroplast genome transformation offers multiple advantages over nuclear genome which among others, include: integration of the transgene via homologus recombination that enables to eliminate gene silencing and position effect, higher level of transgene expression resulting into higher accumulations of foreign proteins, and significant reduction in environmental dispersion of the transgene due to maternal inheritance which helps to minimize the major critic of plant genetic engineering. Chloroplast genetic engineering has made fruit full progresses in the development of plants resistance to various stresses, phytoremediation of toxic metals, and production of vaccine antigens, biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. Although successful results have been achieved, there are still difficulties impeding full potential exploitation and expansion of chloroplast transformation technology to economical plants. These include, lack of species specific regulatory sequences, problem of selection and shoot regeneration, and massive expression of foreign genes resulting in phenotypic alterations of transplastomic plants. The aim of this review is to critically recapitulate the latest development of chloroplast transformation with special focus on the different traits of economic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Adem
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Forestry, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Madawalabu University, P.O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Oromiya Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Beyene
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tileye Feyissa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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Komatsu S, Hossain Z. Preface-Plant Proteomic Research. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010088. [PMID: 28054969 PMCID: PMC5297722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-18, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
| | - Zahed Hossain
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, West Bengal 741235, India.
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17
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Kwon KC, Chan HT, León IR, Williams-Carrier R, Barkan A, Daniell H. Codon Optimization to Enhance Expression Yields Insights into Chloroplast Translation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:62-77. [PMID: 27465114 PMCID: PMC5074611 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Codon optimization based on psbA genes from 133 plant species eliminated 105 (human clotting factor VIII heavy chain [FVIII HC]) and 59 (polio VIRAL CAPSID PROTEIN1 [VP1]) rare codons; replacement with only the most highly preferred codons decreased transgene expression (77- to 111-fold) when compared with the codon usage hierarchy of the psbA genes. Targeted proteomic quantification by parallel reaction monitoring analysis showed 4.9- to 7.1-fold or 22.5- to 28.1-fold increase in FVIII or VP1 codon-optimized genes when normalized with stable isotope-labeled standard peptides (or housekeeping protein peptides), but quantitation using western blots showed 6.3- to 8-fold or 91- to 125-fold increase of transgene expression from the same batch of materials, due to limitations in quantitative protein transfer, denaturation, solubility, or stability. Parallel reaction monitoring, to our knowledge validated here for the first time for in planta quantitation of biopharmaceuticals, is especially useful for insoluble or multimeric proteins required for oral drug delivery. Northern blots confirmed that the increase of codon-optimized protein synthesis is at the translational level rather than any impact on transcript abundance. Ribosome footprints did not increase proportionately with VP1 translation or even decreased after FVIII codon optimization but is useful in diagnosing additional rate-limiting steps. A major ribosome pause at CTC leucine codons in the native gene of FVIII HC was eliminated upon codon optimization. Ribosome stalls observed at clusters of serine codons in the codon-optimized VP1 gene provide an opportunity for further optimization. In addition to increasing our understanding of chloroplast translation, these new tools should help to advance this concept toward human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Hui-Ting Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Ileana R León
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Rosalind Williams-Carrier
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Alice Barkan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030 (K.-C.K., H.-T.C., H.D.);Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Malov DK-2760, Denmark (I.R.L.); andInstitute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229 (R.W.-C., A.B.)
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