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Regulatory mechanism of icariin in cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114156. [PMID: 36584431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurological diseases are widespread diseases with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality around the world. For the past few years, the preventive effects of Chinese herbal medicine on CVDs and neurological diseases have attracted a great deal of attention. Icariin (ICA), the main constituent of Epimedii Herba, is a flavonoid. It has been shown to provide neuroprotection, anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis, and cardiovascular protection. The endothelial protection, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antioxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis properties of ICA can help stop the progression of CVDs and neurological diseases. Therefore, our review summarized the known mechanisms and related studies of ICA in the prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), to better understand its therapeutic potential.
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2
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Li J, Sun M, Cui X, Li C. Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Hypothesis, Potential Targets, and Structure-Activity Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710020. [PMID: 36077418 PMCID: PMC9456554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which there is no available cure. Currently, it is generally believed that AD is a disease caused by multiple factors, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Multitarget prevention and treatment strategies for AD are recommended. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have been reported to have multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing multiple pathogenic factors of AD. Moreover, we further elaborate on the biological activities of natural flavonoids and their potential mode of action and targets in managing AD by presenting a wide range of experimental evidence. The gathered data indicate that flavonoids can be regarded as prophylactics to slow the advancement of AD or avert its onset. Different flavonoids have different activities and varying levels of activity. Further, this review summarizes the structure–activity relationship of flavonoids based on the existing literature and can provide guidance on the design and selection of flavonoids as anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-351-701-9371 (J.L.); Fax: +86-351-701-1499 (J.L. & C.L.)
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3
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Recent Advances in In Silico Target Fishing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175124. [PMID: 34500568 PMCID: PMC8433825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In silico target fishing, whose aim is to identify possible protein targets for a query molecule, is an emerging approach used in drug discovery due its wide variety of applications. This strategy allows the clarification of mechanism of action and biological activities of compounds whose target is still unknown. Moreover, target fishing can be employed for the identification of off targets of drug candidates, thus recognizing and preventing their possible adverse effects. For these reasons, target fishing has increasingly become a key approach for polypharmacology, drug repurposing, and the identification of new drug targets. While experimental target fishing can be lengthy and difficult to implement, due to the plethora of interactions that may occur for a single small-molecule with different protein targets, an in silico approach can be quicker, less expensive, more efficient for specific protein structures, and thus easier to employ. Moreover, the possibility to use it in combination with docking and virtual screening studies, as well as the increasing number of web-based tools that have been recently developed, make target fishing a more appealing method for drug discovery. It is especially worth underlining the increasing implementation of machine learning in this field, both as a main target fishing approach and as a further development of already applied strategies. This review reports on the main in silico target fishing strategies, belonging to both ligand-based and receptor-based approaches, developed and applied in the last years, with a particular attention to the different web tools freely accessible by the scientific community for performing target fishing studies.
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Luo Z, Yu G, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Wang G, Shi Y. Integrated phytochemical analysis based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap and network pharmacology approaches to explore the potential mechanism of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. for ameliorating Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2020; 11:1362-1372. [PMID: 31967149 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on compelling experimental and clinical evidence, the fruit of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM), a unique traditional Tibetan medicine, exerts beneficial effects on ameliorating learning and memory deficits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the potential active constituents and biological mechanism of LRM are still unknown. In this study, the major chemical constituents of LRM were first analyzed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap). A total of 35 constituents were confirmed or tentatively identified. Furthermore, the network-based pharmacological strategy was applied to clarify the molecular mechanism of LRM on AD based on the identified components. Totally, 143 major targets were screened and supposed to be effective players in alleviating AD. Then, the LRM chemicals-major LRM putative targets-major pathways network was constructed, implying potential biological function of LRM on AD. More importantly, 12 core genes which can be modulated by LRM were identified, and they may play a pivotal role in alleviating some major symptoms of AD. This study provided a scientific basis for further investigation and application of LRM, which demonstrated that the network pharmacology approach could be a powerful way for the mechanistic studies of folk medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China. and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Xinjing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yating Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 101500, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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5
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Ribaudo G, Ongaro A, Zagotto G, Memo M, Gianoncelli A. Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors against Neurodegeneration: The Perspective of the Medicinal Chemist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1726-1739. [PMID: 32401481 PMCID: PMC8007108 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
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Increasing human
life expectancy prompts the development of novel
remedies for cognitive decline: 44 million people worldwide are affected
by dementia, and this number is predicted to triple by 2050. Acetylcholinesterase
and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors represent
the targets of currently available drugs for Alzheimer’s disease,
which are characterized by limited efficacy. Thus, the search for
therapeutic agents with alternative or combined mechanisms of action
is wide open. Since variations in 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine
monophosphate, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate,
and/or nitric oxide levels interfere with downstream pathways involved
in memory processes, evidence supporting the potential of phosphodiesterase
(PDE) inhibitors in contrasting neurodegeneration should be
critically considered. For the preparation of this Review, more than
140 scientific papers were retrieved by searching PubMed and Scopus
databases. A systematic approach was adopted when overviewing the
different PDE isoforms, taking into account details on brain localization,
downstream molecular mechanisms, and inhibitors currently under study,
according to available in vitro and in vivo data. In the context of drug repurposing, a section focusing on
PDE5 was introduced. Original computational studies were performed
to rationalize the emerging evidence that suggests the role of PDE5
inhibitors as multi-target agents against neurodegeneration.
Moreover, since such compounds must cross the blood–brain barrier
and reach inhibitory concentrations in the central nervous system
to exert their therapeutic activity, physicochemical parameters
were analyzed and discussed. Taken together, literature and computational
data suggest that some PDE5 inhibitors, such as tadalafil, represent
promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Huang H, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Lin C, Chen S, Lin Y, Mai S, Huang Z. Reverse Screening Methods to Search for the Protein Targets of Chemopreventive Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:138. [PMID: 29868550 PMCID: PMC5954125 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a systematic review of reverse screening methods used to search for the protein targets of chemopreventive compounds or drugs. Typical chemopreventive compounds include components of traditional Chinese medicine, natural compounds and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Such compounds are somewhat selective but are predisposed to bind multiple protein targets distributed throughout diverse signaling pathways in human cells. In contrast to conventional virtual screening, which identifies the ligands of a targeted protein from a compound database, reverse screening is used to identify the potential targets or unintended targets of a given compound from a large number of receptors by examining their known ligands or crystal structures. This method, also known as in silico or computational target fishing, is highly valuable for discovering the target receptors of query molecules from terrestrial or marine natural products, exploring the molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive compounds, finding alternative indications of existing drugs by drug repositioning, and detecting adverse drug reactions and drug toxicity. Reverse screening can be divided into three major groups: shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking. Several large software packages, such as Schrödinger and Discovery Studio; typical software/network services such as ChemMapper, PharmMapper, idTarget, and INVDOCK; and practical databases of known target ligands and receptor crystal structures, such as ChEMBL, BindingDB, and the Protein Data Bank (PDB), are available for use in these computational methods. Different programs, online services and databases have different applications and constraints. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis and multilevel classification of the computational programs, online services and compound libraries available for shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking to enable non-specialist users to quickly learn and grasp the types of calculations used in protein target fishing. In addition, we review the main features of these methods, programs and databases and provide a variety of examples illustrating the application of one or a combination of reverse screening methods for accurate target prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Chenru Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yutong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Shangkang Mai
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
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7
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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shao Y, Li S, Wang Y, Cai H, Feng Y, Le W. Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1668. [PMID: 29374221 PMCID: PMC5786035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. There are no definitive pathogenic mechanisms and effective treatments for ALS now. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in Chinese health care system. Huolingshengji Formula (HLSJ) is a TCM formula which is applied for treating flaccid syndrome. Our previous clinical study has indicated that HLSJ may have therapeutic effects in ALS patients. In the present study, we analyzed the chemical profile of HLSJ by the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprint analysis. And we investigated the therapeutic effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of HLSJ against ALS in SOD1G93A mouse model. Eleven typical peaks were identified by the fingerprint analysis of HLSJ, and the HPLC method had good precision, repeatability and stability. Consistent with our clinical studies, HLSJ significantly prolonged the lifespan, extended the disease duration, and prevented the motor neuron loss in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cords in SOD1G93A ALS model mice. Additionally, HLSJ alleviated the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscles and ameliorated the apoptotic and inflammatory levels in the spinal cords of SOD1G93A mice. Collectively, our study indicated that HLSJ might be a novel candidate for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinming Zhou
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China
| | - Yaping Shao
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20837, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
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8
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Kumar S, Chowdhury S, Kumar S. In silico repurposing of antipsychotic drugs for Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:76. [PMID: 29078760 PMCID: PMC5660441 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and represents one of the highest unmet requirements in medicine today. There is shortage of novel molecules entering into market because of poor pharmacokinetic properties and safety issues. Drug repurposing offers an opportunity to reinvigorate the slowing drug discovery process by finding new uses for existing drugs. The major advantage of the drug repurposing approach is that the safety issues are already investigated in the clinical trials and the drugs are commercially available in the marketplace. As this approach provides an effective solution to hasten the process of providing new alternative drugs for AD, the current study shows the molecular interaction of already known antipsychotic drugs with the different protein targets implicated in AD using in silico studies. Result A computational method based on ligand–protein interaction was adopted in present study to explore potential antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of AD. The screening of approximately 150 antipsychotic drugs was performed on five major protein targets (AChE, BuChE, BACE 1, MAO and NMDA) by molecular docking. In this study, for each protein target, the best drug was identified on the basis of dock score and glide energy. The top hits were then compared with the already known inhibitor of the respective proteins. Some of the drugs showed relatively better docking score and binding energies as compared to the already known inhibitors of the respective targets. Molecular descriptors like molecular weight, number of hydrogen bond donors, acceptors, predicted octanol/water partition coefficient and percentage human oral absorption were also analysed to determine the in silico ADME properties of these drugs and all were found in the acceptable range and follows Lipinski’s rule. Conclusion The present study have led to unravel the potential of leading antipsychotic drugs such as pimozide, bromperidol, melperone, anisoperidone, benperidol and anisopirol against multiple targets associated with AD. Benperidol was found to be the best candidate drug interacting with different target proteins involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India
| | - Suman Chowdhury
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110075, India.
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Lan Z, Xie G, Wei M, Wang P, Chen L. The protective effect of Epimedii Folium and Curculiginis Rhizoma on Alzheimer's disease by the inhibitions of NF-κB/MAPK pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:43709-43720. [PMID: 28582770 PMCID: PMC5546435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of the water extracts of Epimedii Folium and Curculiginis Rhizoma (EX) on Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease. Aβ1-42 was stereotaxically injected bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus, and then the rats were orally received EX at the doses of 2 g/kg and 6 g/kg for 30 days. Behavior was monitored through Morris water maze test. The neuroprotective effect of EX were examined with methods of histochemistry and biochemistry. EX reduced the contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hippocampus and cortex. EX also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that EX inhibited the expressions of NLRP3. In addition, we further confirmed that EX suppressed the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. EX inhibited the phosphorylations MAPKs, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88), cathepsin B. In conclusion, these results suggest that EX may be a potential agent for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guangjing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Chen M, Yang F, Yang X, Lai X, Gao Y. Systematic Understanding of Mechanisms of a Chinese Herbal Formula in Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome by an Integrated Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122114. [PMID: 27999264 PMCID: PMC5187914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is becoming a worldwide health problem. Wendan decoction (WDD)—a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula—has been extensively employed to relieve syndromes related to MS in clinical practice in China. However, its pharmacological mechanisms still remain vague. In this study, a comprehensive approach that integrated chemomics, principal component analysis, molecular docking simulation, and network analysis was established to elucidate the multi-component and multi-target mechanism of action of WDD in treatment of MS. The compounds in WDD were found to possess chemical diversity, complexity and drug-likeness compared to MS drugs. Six nuclear receptors were obtained to have strong binding affinity with 217 compounds of five herbs in WDD. The importance roles of targets and herbs were also identified due to network parameters. Five compounds from Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata can hit all six targets, which can assist in screening new MS drugs. The pathway network analysis demonstrated that the main pharmacological effects of WDD might lie in maintaining lipid and glucose metabolisms and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. This study provided a comprehensive system approach for understanding the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of WDD during the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xuemei Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xinmei Lai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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