1
|
Trinh J, Shin J, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Targeting Oncostatin M Receptor to Attenuate Carotid Artery Plaque Vulnerability in Hypercholesterolemic Microswine. CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2024; 8:206-214. [PMID: 38817407 PMCID: PMC11138392 DOI: 10.26502/fccm.92920380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to acute embolism via the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Plaque formation is first induced by fatty deposition along the arterial intima. Inflammation, bacterial infection, and the released endotoxins can lead to dysfunction and phenotypic changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), advancing the plaque from stable to unstable form and prone to rupture. Stable plaques are characterized by increased VSMCs and less inflammation while vulnerable plaques develop due to chronic inflammation and less VSMCs. Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine, plays a role in endothelial cells and VSMC proliferation. This effect of OSM could be modulated by p27KIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. However, the role of OSM in plaque vulnerability has not been investigated. To better understand the role of OSM and its downstream signaling including p27KIP1 in plaque vulnerability, we characterized the previously collected carotid arteries from hyperlipidemic Yucatan microswine using hematoxylin and eosin stain, Movat Pentachrome stain, and gene and protein expression of OSM and p27KIP1 using immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. OSM and p27KIP1 expression in carotid arteries with angioplasty and treatment with either scrambled peptide or LR12, an inhibitor of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell (TREM)-1, were compared between the experimental groups and with contralateral carotid artery. The results of this study elucidated the presence of OSM and p27KIP1 in carotid arteries with plaque and their association with arterial plaque and vulnerability. The findings suggest that targeting OSM and p27KIP1 axis regulating VSMC proliferation may have therapeutic significance to stabilize plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Trinh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Jennifer Shin
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou J, Nie Y, Wen Y, Hua S, Hou Y, He H, Sun S. The role and mechanism of AMPK in pulmonary hypertension. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2024; 18:17534666241271990. [PMID: 39136335 PMCID: PMC11322949 DOI: 10.1177/17534666241271990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progressive disease with high mortality. There has been more and more research focusing on the role of AMPK in PH. AMPK consists of three subunits-α, β, and γ. The crosstalk among these subunits ultimately leads to a delicate balance to affect PH, which results in conflicting conclusions about the role of AMPK in PH. It is still unclear how these subunits interfere with each other and achieve balance to improve or deteriorate PH. Several signaling pathways are related to AMPK in the treatment of PH, including AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway, Nox4/mTORC2/AMPK pathway, AMPK/BMP/Smad pathway, and SIRT3-AMPK pathway. Among these pathways, the role and mechanism of AMPK/eNOS/NO and Nox4/mTORC2/AMPK pathways are clearer than others, while the SIRT3-AMPK pathway remains still unclear in the treatment of PH. There are drugs targeting AMPK to improve PH, such as metformin (MET), MET combination, and rhodiola extract. In addition, several novel factors target AMPK for improving PH, such as ADAMTS8, TUFM, and Salt-inducible kinases. However, more researches are needed to explore the specific AMPK signaling pathways involved in these novel factors in the future. In conclusion, AMPK plays an important role in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Class Three & Class Eight, 2021Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Class Three & Class Eight, 2021Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiqiong Wen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu Hua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunjiao Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming 650032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen CG, Yi CF, Chen CF, Tian LQ, Li LW, Yang L, Li ZM, He LQ. Inhibitory Effect of PPARδ Agonist GW501516 on Proliferation of Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Regulating the mTOR Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:979-987. [PMID: 37606736 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist GW501516 on the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by hypoxia, in order to search for new drugs for the treatment and prevention of pulmonary vascular remodeling. METHODS PASMCs were incubated with different concentrations of GW501516 (10, 30, 100 nmol/L) under the hypoxic condition. The proliferation was determined by a CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of PPARδ, S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), and cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 was detected by Western blotting. Then PASMCs were treated with 100 nmol/ L GW501516, 100 nmol/L mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin and/or 2 µmol/L mTOR activator MHY1485 to explore the molecular mechanisms by which GW501516 reduces the proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS The presented data demonstrated that hypoxia reduced the expression of PPARδ in an oxygen concentration- and time-dependent manner, and GW501516 decreased the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia by blocking the progression through the G0/G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. In accordance with these findings, GW501516 downregulated Skp2 and upregulated p27 in hypoxia-exposed PASMCs. Further experiments showed that rapamycin had similar effects as GW501516 in inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, regulating the expression of Skp2 and p27, and inactivating mTOR in hypoxia-exposed PASMCs. Moreover, MHY1485 reversed all the beneficial effects of GW501516 on hypoxia-stimulated PASMCs. CONCLUSION GW501516 inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia through blocking the mTOR/Skp2/p27 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun-Feng Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chang-Fa Chen
- Shanghai Smartide Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li-Qun Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zuo-Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Qun He
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Flores K, Siques P, Brito J, Arribas SM. AMPK and the Challenge of Treating Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116205. [PMID: 35682884 PMCID: PMC9181235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure produced by vasoconstriction and hyperproliferative remodeling of the pulmonary artery and subsequent right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The search for therapeutic targets for cardiovascular pathophysiology has extended in many directions. However, studies focused on mitigating high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) have been rare. Because AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in cardiovascular and metabolic pathology, AMPK is often studied as a potential therapeutic target. AMPK is best characterized as a sensor of cellular energy that can also restore cellular metabolic homeostasis. However, AMPK has been implicated in other pathways with vasculoprotective effects. Notably, cellular metabolic stress increases the intracellular ADP/ATP or AMP/ATP ratio, and AMPK activation restores ATP levels by activating energy-producing catabolic pathways and inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic pathways, such as cell growth and proliferation pathways, promoting cardiovascular protection. Thus, AMPK activation plays an important role in antiproliferative, antihypertrophic and antioxidant pathways in the pulmonary artery in HPH. However, AMPK plays contradictory roles in promoting HPH development. This review describes the main findings related to AMPK participation in HPH and its potential as a therapeutic target. It also extrapolates known AMPK functions to discuss the less-studied HAPH context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Flores
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-572526392
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, University Autonoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song AN, Yin XJ, Gao P, Tang H, Meng XF, Zhang C. Inhibition of MAD2B alleviates venous neointimal formation by suppressing VSMCs proliferation and migration. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21959. [PMID: 34605572 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100584rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential events in venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH), a culprit of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) malfunction. Mitotic arrest-deficient protein 2B (MAD2B) is a critical regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation in many scenarios. To address the role of MAD2B in VSMCs proliferation and migration during VNH, AVFs from patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice were used to evaluate MAD2B expression. In cultured VSMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), the effect of MAD2B on VSMCs proliferation and migration was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, immunofluorescence, wound-healing scratch and transwell assays. Besides, we exploited different small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to explore the potential mechanisms in the issue. Furthermore, rapamycin was applied to reveal whether MAD2B-associated pathways were involved in its inhibitory effect on VSMCs proliferation and migration. Accordingly, we found that MAD2B expression was enhanced in AVFs from patients with ESRD, CKD mice and VSMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. Meanwhile, inhibition of MAD2B alleviated VSMCs proliferation and migration while the number of ski-related novel gene (SnoN)-positive VSMCs was also increased in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, gene deletion of MAD2B decreased the level of SnoN protein in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, rapamycin suppressed the increased expressions of MAD2B and SnoN induced by PDGF-BB. Thus, our study demonstrates that inhibition of MAD2B suppresses the proliferation and migration of VSMCs during VNH via reducing SnoN expression. Moreover, rapamycin exerts an inhibitory effect on intimal hyperplasia, possibly via the MAD2B-SnoN axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ni Song
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Jie Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Fang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Q, Song P, Zou MH. AMPK and Pulmonary Hypertension: Crossroads Between Vasoconstriction and Vascular Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691585. [PMID: 34169079 PMCID: PMC8217619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating and life-threatening disease characterized by increased blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine-threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of metabolic and redox signaling pathways. It has key roles in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. The role of AMPK in PH is controversial because both inhibition and activation of AMPK are preventive against PH development. Some clinical studies found that metformin, the first-line antidiabetic drug and the canonical AMPK activator, has therapeutic efficacy during treatment of early-stage PH. Other study findings suggest the use of metformin is preferentially beneficial for treatment of PH associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF). In this review, we discuss the "AMPK paradox" and highlight the differential effects of AMPK on pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. We also review the effects of AMPK activators and inhibitors on rescue of preexisting PH in animals and include a discussion of gender differences in the response to metformin in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
mTOR Signaling in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042144. [PMID: 33670032 PMCID: PMC7926633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease without a cure. The exact pathogenic mechanisms of PAH are complex and poorly understood, yet a number of abnormally expressed genes and regulatory pathways contribute to sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary arteries. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the major signaling pathways implicated in regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and protein synthesis. Here we will describe the canonical mTOR pathway, structural and functional differences between mTOR complexes 1 and 2, as well as the crosstalk with other important signaling cascades in the development of PAH. The pathogenic role of mTOR in pulmonary vascular remodeling and sustained vasoconstriction due to its contribution to proliferation, migration, phenotypic transition, and gene regulation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells will be discussed. Despite the progress in our elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of PAH over the two last decades, there is a lack of effective therapeutic agents to treat PAH patients representing a significant unmet clinical need. In this review, we will explore the possibility and therapeutic potential to use inhibitors of mTOR signaling cascade to treat PAH.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang HL, Tang FQ, Jiang YH, Zhu Y, Jian Z, Xiao YB. AMPKα2 deficiency exacerbates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by promoting pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:445-456. [PMID: 32592088 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased evidence indicates that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a vital role in vascular homeostasis, especially under hypoxia, and protects against the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of AMPK in the pathogenesis of PH remains to be clarified. In the present study, we confirmed that a loss of AMPKα2 exacerbated the development of PH by using hypoxia-induced PH model in AMPKα2 -/- mice. After a 4-week period of hypoxic exposure, AMPKα2 -/- mice exhibited more severe pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation when compared with wild type (WT) mice. In vitro, AMPKα2 knockdown promoted the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia. This phenomenon was accompanied by upregulated Skp2 and downregulated p27kip1 expression and was abolished by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR. These results indicate that AMPKα2 deficiency exacerbates hypoxia-induced PH by promoting PASMC proliferation via the mTOR/Skp2/p27kip1 signaling axis. Therefore, enhanced AMPKα2 activity might underlie a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Bin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Deng B, Jiang X, Cai M, Liu N, Zhang S, Tan Y, Huang G, Jin W, Liu B, Liu S. All- Trans-Retinoic Acid Suppresses Neointimal Hyperplasia and Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via Activation of AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:485. [PMID: 31143119 PMCID: PMC6521230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is extensively involved in pathogenesis of neointimal hyperplasia. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural metabolite of vitamin A. Here, we investigated the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the anti-neointimal hyperplasia effects of ATRA. We found that treatment with ATRA significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia in the left common carotid artery ligation mouse model. ATRA reduced the proliferation and migration of VSMC, A7r5 and HASMC cell lines. Our results also demonstrated that ATRA altered the expression of proliferation-related proteins, including CyclinD1, CyclinD3, CyclinA2, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 in VSMC. ATRA dose-dependently enhanced the phosphorylation level of AMPKα (Thr172) in the left common carotid artery of experimental mice. Also, the phosphorylation level of AMPKα in A7r5 and HASMC was significantly increased. In addition, ATRA dose-dependently reduced the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and mTOR target proteins p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in A7r5 and HASMC. Notably, the inhibition of AMPKα by AMPK inhibitor (compound C) negated the protective effect of ATRA on VSMC proliferation in A7r5. Also, knockdown of AMPKα by siRNA partly abolished the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of ATRA in HASMC. Molecular docking analysis showed that ATRA could dock to the agonist binding site of AMPK, and the binding energy between AMPK and ATRA was -7.91 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the binding of AMPK-ATRA was stable. These data demonstrated that ATRA might inhibit neointimal hyperplasia and suppress VSMC proliferation and migration by direct activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Cai
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangwei Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiqiong Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang CF, Zhao FY, Xu SL, Liu J, Xing XQ, Yang J. Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16755-16767. [PMID: 30932199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self-digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene- and modulator-regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy-related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy-related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsantan Sumtang Alleviates Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting Proliferation of Pulmonary Vascular Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9504158. [PMID: 30622966 PMCID: PMC6304203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9504158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a severe condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality in people living at high altitude. Tsantan Sumtang, a traditional Tibetan medicine, has been routinely used for the treatment of cardiopyretic disease, as well as stenocardia. Interestingly, our previous research found that Tsantan Sumtang improved HPH in rats maintaining in a hypobaric chamber. We performed a series of experiments to test the indexes of vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, the key pathophysiological characteristics of HPH. Our results showed that Tsantan Sumtang relaxed noradrenaline (NE)-precontracted rat pulmonary artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The PGI2-cAMP (prostaglandin I2-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) pathway, NO-cGMP (nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate) pathway, and the opening of K+ channels (inward rectifier K+ channels, large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, and voltage-dependent K+ channels) might play major roles in the vasorelaxation effect. In vivo, the administration of Tsantan Sumtang resulted in a substantial decrease in the rat mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI). The reduction of thickness of small pulmonary arterial wall and the WT% (the ratio of the vascular wall thickness to the vascular diameter) were observed. The smooth muscle muscularization of the arterials was alleviated by Tsantan Sumtang treatment at the same time. Tsantan Sumtang also reduced remodeling of pulmonary arterioles by suppressing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) through inhibition of p27Kip1 degradation. Therefore, Tsantan Sumtang could be applied as a preventative medication for HPH, which would be a new use for this traditional medicine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu J, Fan YQ, Zhang HL, Pan JA, Yu JY, Zhang JF, Wang CQ. Resveratrol suppresses doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by disrupting E2F1 mediated autophagy inhibition and apoptosis promotion. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:202-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Xie X, Li S, Zhu Y, Liu L, Ke R, Wang J, Yan X, Yang L, Gao L, Zang W, Li M. Egr-1 mediates leptin-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:356-362. [PMID: 29212876 PMCID: PMC5996952 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been found to contribute to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and pulmonary arterial remodeling therefore the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying PPARγ reduction in PASMC remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that leptin dose- and time-dependently inducued PPARγ down-regulation and proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMC, this was accompanied with the activation of extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and subsequent induction of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) expression. The presence of MEK inhibitors U0126 or PD98059, or prior silencing Egr-1 with small interfering RNA suppressed leptin-induced PPARγ reduction. In addition, activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone or targeting ERK1/2/Egr-1 suppressed leptin-induced PASMC proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that ERK1/2 signaling pathway-mediated leptin-induced PPARγ reduction and PASMC proliferation through up-regulation of Egr-1 and suggests that targeting leptin/ERK1/2/Egr-1 pathway might have potential value in ameliorating vascular remodeling and benefit PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie X, Li S, Zhu Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Wang J, Shi W, Song Y, Yang L, Gao L, Zang W, Li M. MicroRNA-27a/b mediates endothelin-1-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:527-539. [PMID: 28484848 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression has been found to correlate with the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, while the molecular mechanisms underlying PPARγ reduction in PASMC remain largely unclear. The aim of the current study is to address this issue. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) dose- and time-dependently resulted in PPARγ reduction and proliferation of primary cultured rat PASMC, which was accompanied by the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and subsequent induction of microRNA-27a/b (miR-27a/b) expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that NF-κB directly bound to the promoter regions of miR-27a/b. Luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-27a/b directly regulates the expression of PPARγ in PASMC. Further study indicated that the presence of either NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or prior silencing miR-27a/b with anti-miRNA oligonucleotides suppressed ET-1-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of PASMC, while overexpression of miR-27a/b reduced PPARγ expression and enhanced PASMC proliferation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ET-1 stimulates miR-27a/b expression by activation of the NF-κB pathway, which in turn results in PPARγ reduction and contributes to ET-1-induced PASMC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Yilin Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, 710061.
| |
Collapse
|