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Kaul N, Pradhan SJ, Boin NG, Mason MM, Rosales J, Starke EL, Wilkinson EC, Chapman EG, Barbee SA. FMRP cooperates with miRISC components to repress translation and regulate neurite morphogenesis in Drosophila. RNA Biol 2024; 21:11-22. [PMID: 39190491 PMCID: PMC11352701 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2392304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). FMRP is an evolutionarily conserved and neuronally enriched RNA-binding protein (RBP) with functions in RNA editing, RNA transport, and protein translation. Specific target RNAs play critical roles in neurodevelopment, including the regulation of neurite morphogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. The different biological functions of FMRP are modulated by its cooperative interaction with distinct sets of neuronal RNA and protein-binding partners. Here, we focus on interactions between FMRP and components of the microRNA (miRNA) pathway. Using the Drosophila S2 cell model system, we show that the Drosophila ortholog of FMRP (dFMRP) can repress translation when directly tethered to a reporter mRNA. This repression requires the activity of AGO1, GW182, and MOV10/Armitage, conserved proteins associated with the miRNA-containing RNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). Additionally, we find that untagged dFMRP can interact with a short stem-loop sequence in the translational reporter, a prerequisite for repression by exogenous miR-958. Finally, we demonstrate that dFmr1 interacts genetically with GW182 to control neurite morphogenesis. These data suggest that dFMRP may recruit the miRISC to nearby miRNA binding sites and repress translation via its cooperative interactions with evolutionarily conserved components of the miRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneeta Kaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sarala J. Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nathan G. Boin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Madeleine M. Mason
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Julian Rosales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Emily L. Starke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Emily C. Wilkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Erich G. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Scott A. Barbee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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2
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Song C, Leahy SN, Rushton EM, Broadie K. RNA-binding FMRP and Staufen sequentially regulate the Coracle scaffold to control synaptic glutamate receptor and bouton development. Development 2022; 149:274991. [PMID: 35394012 PMCID: PMC9148565 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both mRNA-binding Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP; Fmr1) and mRNA-binding Staufen regulate synaptic bouton formation and glutamate receptor (GluR) levels at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) glutamatergic synapse. Here, we tested whether these RNA-binding proteins act jointly in a common mechanism. We found that both dfmr1 and staufen mutants, and trans-heterozygous double mutants, displayed increased synaptic bouton formation and GluRIIA accumulation. With cell-targeted RNA interference, we showed a downstream Staufen role within postsynaptic muscle. With immunoprecipitation, we showed that FMRP binds staufen mRNA to stabilize postsynaptic transcripts. Staufen is known to target actin-binding, GluRIIA anchor Coracle, and we confirmed that Staufen binds to coracle mRNA. We found that FMRP and Staufen act sequentially to co-regulate postsynaptic Coracle expression, and showed that Coracle, in turn, controls GluRIIA levels and synaptic bouton development. Consistently, we found that dfmr1, staufen and coracle mutants elevate neurotransmission strength. We also identified that FMRP, Staufen and Coracle all suppress pMad activation, providing a trans-synaptic signaling linkage between postsynaptic GluRIIA levels and presynaptic bouton development. This work supports an FMRP-Staufen-Coracle-GluRIIA-pMad pathway regulating structural and functional synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhu Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Shannon N. Leahy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Emma M. Rushton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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3
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AGO-RBP crosstalk on target mRNAs: Implications in miRNA-guided gene silencing and cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101434. [PMID: 35477066 PMCID: PMC9136600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of mRNA translation and stability in eukaryotes. While miRNAs can only bind their target mRNAs in association with Argonaute proteins (AGOs), RBPs directly bind their targets either as single entities or in complex with other RBPs to control mRNA metabolism. miRNA binding in 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of mRNAs facilitates an intricate network of interactions between miRNA-AGO and RBPs, thus determining the fate of overlapping targets. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between miRNA-AGO and multiple RBPs in different cellular contexts, the rules underlying their synergism and antagonism on target mRNAs, as well as highlight the implications of these regulatory modules in cancer initiation and progression.
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4
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Lannom MC, Nielsen J, Nawaz A, Shilikbay T, Ceman S. FMRP and MOV10 regulate Dicer1 expression and dendrite development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260005. [PMID: 34847178 PMCID: PMC8631628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome results from the loss of expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). FMRP and RNA helicase Moloney Leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) are important Argonaute (AGO) cofactors for miRNA-mediated translation regulation. We previously showed that MOV10 functionally associates with FMRP. Here we quantify the effect of reduced MOV10 and FMRP expression on dendritic morphology. Murine neurons with reduced MOV10 and FMRP phenocopied Dicer1 KO neurons which exhibit impaired dendritic maturation Hong J (2013), leading us to hypothesize that MOV10 and FMRP regulate DICER expression. In cells and tissues expressing reduced MOV10 or no FMRP, DICER expression was significantly reduced. Moreover, the Dicer1 mRNA is a Cross-Linking Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) target of FMRP Darnell JC (2011), MOV10 Skariah G (2017) and AGO2 Kenny PJ (2020). MOV10 and FMRP modulate expression of DICER1 mRNA through its 3’untranslated region (UTR) and introduction of a DICER1 transgene restores normal neurite outgrowth in the Mov10 KO neuroblastoma Neuro2A cell line and branching in MOV10 heterozygote neurons. Moreover, we observe a global reduction in AGO2-associated microRNAs isolated from Fmr1 KO brain. We conclude that the MOV10-FMRP-AGO2 complex regulates DICER expression, revealing a novel mechanism for regulation of miRNA production required for normal neuronal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C. Lannom
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joshua Nielsen
- Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aatiqa Nawaz
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Temirlan Shilikbay
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Ceman
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Das T, Das TK, Khodarkovskaya A, Dash S. Non-coding RNAs and their bioengineering applications for neurological diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11675-11698. [PMID: 34756133 PMCID: PMC8810045 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering of cellular biomolecules is an emerging landscape presenting creative therapeutic opportunities. Recently, several strategies such as biomimetic materials, drug-releasing scaffolds, stem cells, and dynamic culture systems have been developed to improve specific biological functions, however, have been confounded with fundamental and technical roadblocks. Rapidly emerging investigations on the bioengineering prospects of mammalian ribonucleic acid (RNA) is expected to result in significant biomedical advances. More specifically, the current trend focuses on devising non-coding (nc) RNAs as therapeutic candidates for complex neurological diseases. Given the pleiotropic and regulatory role, ncRNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are deemed as attractive therapeutic candidates. Currently, the list of non-coding RNAs in mammals is evolving, which presents the plethora of hidden possibilities including their scope in biomedicine. Herein, we critically review on the emerging repertoire of ncRNAs in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, neuroinflammation and drug abuse disorders. Importantly, we present the advances in engineering of ncRNAs to improve their biocompatibility and therapeutic feasibility as well as provide key insights into the applications of bioengineered non-coding RNAs that are investigated for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Das
- Quanta Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,RayBiotech, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Tushar Kanti Das
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anne Khodarkovskaya
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024 India
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6
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Nawaz A, Shilikbay T, Skariah G, Ceman S. Unwinding the roles of RNA helicase MOV10. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1682. [PMID: 34327836 PMCID: PMC8799784 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MOV10 is an RNA helicase that associates with the RNA‐induced silencing complex component Argonaute (AGO), likely resolving RNA secondary structures. MOV10 also binds the Fragile X mental retardation protein to block AGO2 binding at some sites and associates with UPF1, a principal component of the nonsense‐mediated RNA decay pathway. MOV10 is widely expressed and has a key role in the cellular response to viral infection and in suppressing retrotransposition. Posttranslational modifications of MOV10 include ubiquitination, which leads to stimulation‐dependent degradation, and phosphorylation, which has an unknown function. MOV10 localizes to the nucleus and/or cytoplasm in a cell type‐specific and developmental stage‐specific manner. Knockout of Mov10 leads to embryonic lethality, underscoring an important role in development where it is required for the completion of gastrulation. MOV10 is expressed throughout the organism; however, most studies have focused on germline cells and neurons. In the testes, the knockdown of Mov10 disrupts proliferation of spermatogonial progenitor cells. In brain, MOV10 is significantly elevated postnatally and binds mRNAs encoding cytoskeleton and neuron projection proteins, suggesting an important role in neuronal architecture. Heterozygous Mov10 mutant mice are hyperactive and anxious and their cultured hippocampal neurons have reduced dendritic arborization. Zygotic knockdown of Mov10 in Xenopus laevis causes abnormal head and eye development and mislocalization of neuronal precursors in the brain. Thus, MOV10 plays a vital role during development, defense against viral infection and in neuronal development and function: its many roles and regulation are only beginning to be unraveled. This article is categorized under:RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatiqa Nawaz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Temirlan Shilikbay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Geena Skariah
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie Ceman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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7
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Taha MS, Haghighi F, Stefanski A, Nakhaei-Rad S, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Al Kabbani MA, Görg B, Fujii M, Lang PA, Häussinger D, Piekorz RP, Stühler K, Ahmadian MR. Novel FMRP interaction networks linked to cellular stress. FEBS J 2020; 288:837-860. [PMID: 32525608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and consequently lack of synthesis of FMR protein (FMRP) are associated with fragile X syndrome, which is one of the most prevalent inherited intellectual disabilities, with additional roles in increased viral infection, liver disease, and reduced cancer risk. FMRP plays critical roles in chromatin dynamics, RNA binding, mRNA transport, and mRNA translation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, including the (sub)cellular FMRP protein networks, remain elusive. Here, we employed affinity pull-down and quantitative LC-MS/MS analyses with FMRP. We identified known and novel candidate FMRP-binding proteins as well as protein complexes. FMRP interacted with 180 proteins, 28 of which interacted with its N terminus. Interaction with the C terminus of FMRP was observed for 102 proteins, and 48 proteins interacted with both termini. This FMRP interactome comprises known FMRP-binding proteins, including the ribosomal proteins FXR1P, NUFIP2, Caprin-1, and numerous novel FMRP candidate interacting proteins that localize to different subcellular compartments, including CARF, LARP1, LEO1, NOG2, G3BP1, NONO, NPM1, SKIP, SND1, SQSTM1, and TRIM28. Our data considerably expand the protein and RNA interaction networks of FMRP, which thereby suggest that, in addition to its known functions, FMRP participates in transcription, RNA metabolism, ribonucleoprotein stress granule formation, translation, DNA damage response, chromatin dynamics, cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, miRNA biogenesis, and mitochondrial organization. Thus, FMRP seems associated with multiple cellular processes both under normal and cell stress conditions in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell types, as exemplified by its role in the formation of stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research Branch, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Phillip A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Suardi GAM, Haddad LA. FMRP ribonucleoprotein complexes and RNA homeostasis. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 105:95-136. [PMID: 32560791 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Fragile Mental Retardation 1 gene (FMR1), at Xq27.3, encodes the fragile mental retardation protein (FMRP), and displays in its 5'-untranslated region a series of polymorphic CGG triplet repeats that may undergo dynamic mutation. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading cause of inherited intellectual disability among men, and is most frequently due to FMR1 full mutation and consequent transcription repression. FMR1 premutations may associate with at least two other clinical conditions, named fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) and tremor and ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). While FXPOI and FXTAS appear to be mediated by FMR1 mRNA accumulation, relative reduction of FMRP, and triplet repeat translation, FXS is due to the lack of the RNA-binding protein FMRP. Besides its function as mRNA translation repressor in neuronal and stem/progenitor cells, RNA editing roles have been assigned to FMRP. In this review, we provide a brief description of FMR1 transcribed microsatellite and associated clinical disorders, and discuss FMRP molecular roles in ribonucleoprotein complex assembly and trafficking, as well as aspects of RNA homeostasis affected in FXS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aparecida Marcondes Suardi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Amaral Haddad
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Kenny PJ, Kim M, Skariah G, Nielsen J, Lannom MC, Ceman S. The FMRP-MOV10 complex: a translational regulatory switch modulated by G-Quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:862-878. [PMID: 31740951 PMCID: PMC7145700 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is an RNA binding protein that regulates translation and is required for normal cognition. FMRP upregulates and downregulates the activity of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing in the 3' UTR of a subset of mRNAs through its interaction with RNA helicase Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10). This bi-functional role is modulated through RNA secondary structures known as G-Quadruplexes. We elucidated the mechanism of FMRP's role in suppressing Argonaute (AGO) family members' association with mRNAs by mapping the interacting domains of FMRP, MOV10 and AGO and then showed that the RGG box of FMRP protects a subset of co-bound mRNAs from AGO association. The N-terminus of MOV10 is required for this protection: its over-expression leads to increased levels of the endogenous proteins encoded by this co-bound subset of mRNAs. The N-terminus of MOV10 also leads to increased RGG box-dependent binding to the SC1 RNA G-Quadruplex and is required for outgrowth of neurites. Lastly, we showed that FMRP has a global role in miRNA-mediated translational regulation by recruiting AGO2 to a large subset of RNAs in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Kenny
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Miri Kim
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Geena Skariah
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joshua Nielsen
- Integrative Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Monica C Lannom
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie Ceman
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Kim K, Hessl D, Randol JL, Espinal GM, Schneider A, Protic D, Aydin EY, Hagerman RJ, Hagerman PJ. Association between IQ and FMR1 protein (FMRP) across the spectrum of CGG repeat expansions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226811. [PMID: 31891607 PMCID: PMC6938341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome, the leading heritable form of intellectual disability, is caused by hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of large (CGG) repeat expansions (> 200 repeats) in the 5′ untranslated region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. As a consequence of FMR1 gene silencing, there is little or no production of FMR1 protein (FMRP), an important element in normal synaptic function. Although the absence of FMRP has long been known to be responsible for the cognitive impairment in fragile X syndrome, the relationship between FMRP level and cognitive ability (IQ) is only imprecisely understood. To address this issue, a high-throughput, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay has been used to quantify FMRP levels in dermal fibroblasts, and the relationship between FMRP and IQ measures was assessed by statistical analysis in a cohort of 184 individuals with CGG-repeat lengths spanning normal (< 45 CGGs) to full mutation (> 200 CGGs) repeat ranges in fibroblasts. The principal findings of the current study are twofold: i) For those with normal CGG repeats, IQ is no longer sensitive to further increases in FMRP above an FMRP threshold of ~70% of the mean FMRP level; below this threshold, IQ decreases steeply with further decreases in FMRP; and ii) For the current cohort, a mean IQ of 85 (lower bound for the normal IQ range) is attained for FMRP levels that are only ~35% of the mean FMRP level among normal CGG-repeat controls. The current results should help guide expectations for efforts to induce FMR1 gene activity and for the levels of cognitive function expected for a given range of FMRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmi Kim
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David Hessl
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. Randol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Glenda M. Espinal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Schneider
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Dragana Protic
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Elber Yuksel Aydin
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Randi J. Hagerman
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Hagerman
- UC Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Fu K, Tian S, Tan H, Wang C, Wang H, Wang M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Yue Q, Xu Q, Zhang S, Li H, Xie J, Lin M, Luo M, Chen F, Ye L, Zheng K. Biological and RNA regulatory function of MOV10 in mammalian germ cells. BMC Biol 2019; 17:39. [PMID: 31088452 PMCID: PMC6515687 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RNA regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) involve extremely complicated mechanisms. MOV10 and MOV10L1 are two homologous RNA helicases implicated in distinct intracellular pathways. MOV10L1 participates specifically in Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis and protects mouse male fertility. In contrast, the functional complexity of MOV10 remains incompletely understood, and its role in the mammalian germline is unknown. Here, we report a study of the biological and molecular functions of the RNA helicase MOV10 in mammalian male germ cells. Results MOV10 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein mainly expressed in spermatogonia. Knockdown and transplantation experiments show that MOV10 deficiency has a negative effect on spermatogonial progenitor cells (SPCs), limiting proliferation and in vivo repopulation capacity. This effect is concurrent with a global disturbance of RNA homeostasis and downregulation of factors critical for SPC proliferation and/or self-renewal. Unexpectedly, microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is impaired due partially to decrease of miRNA primary transcript levels and/or retention of miRNA via splicing control. Genome-wide analysis of RNA targetome reveals that MOV10 binds preferentially to mRNAs with long 3′-UTR and also interacts with various non-coding RNA species including those in the nucleus. Intriguingly, nuclear MOV10 associates with an array of splicing factors, particularly with SRSF1, and its intronic binding sites tend to reside in proximity to splice sites. Conclusions These data expand the landscape of MOV10 function and highlight a previously unidentified role initiated from the nucleus, suggesting that MOV10 is a versatile RBP involved in a broader RNA regulatory network. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0659-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Suwen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Huanhuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hanben Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiuling Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiushi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Haixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingyan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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12
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Role of microRNAs in inner ear development and hearing loss. Gene 2018; 686:49-55. [PMID: 30389561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of hearing loss tends to be multi-factorial and affects a significant proportion of the global population. Despite the differences in etiology, a common physical pathological change that leads to hearing loss is damage to the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a role in inner ear development and thus, may play a role in the development or prevention of hearing loss. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of miRNAs in the auditory system. We present an overview about the role of miRNAs in inner ear development, summarize the current research on the role of miRNAs in gene regulation, and discuss the effects of both miRNA mutations as well as overexpression. We discuss the crucial role of miRNAs in ensuring normal physiological development of the inner ear. Any deviation from the proper function of miRNA in the cochlea seems to contribute to deleterious damage to the structure of the auditory system and subsequently results in hearing loss. As interest for miRNA research increases, this paper serves as a platform to review current understandings and postulate future avenues for research. A better knowledge about the role of miRNA in the auditory system will help in developing novel treatment modalities for restoring hearing function based on regeneration of damaged inner ear hair cells.
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13
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Handling FMRP and its molecular partners: Structural insights into Fragile X Syndrome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 141:3-14. [PMID: 30905341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is a RNA-binding protein (RBP) known to control different steps of mRNA metabolism, even though its complete function is not fully understood yet. Lack or mutations of FMRP lead to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and a leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is well established that FMRP has a multi-domain architecture, a feature that allows this RBP to be engaged in a large interaction network with numerous proteins and mRNAs or non-coding RNAs. Insights into the three-dimensional (3D) structure of parts of its three domains (N-terminus, central domain and C-terminus) were obtained using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-ray diffraction, but the complete 3D arrangement of each domain with respect to the others is still missing. Here, we review the structural features of FMRP and of the network of its protein and RNA interactions. Understanding these aspects is the first necessary step towards the design of novel compounds for new therapeutic interventions in FXS.
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14
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Roy D, Rajyaguru PI. Suppressor of clathrin deficiency (Scd6)-An emerging RGG-motif translation repressor. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9:e1479. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debadrita Roy
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore India
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15
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Dahlhaus R. Of Men and Mice: Modeling the Fragile X Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:41. [PMID: 29599705 PMCID: PMC5862809 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common forms of inherited intellectual disability in all human societies. Caused by the transcriptional silencing of a single gene, the fragile x mental retardation gene FMR1, FXS is characterized by a variety of symptoms, which range from mental disabilities to autism and epilepsy. More than 20 years ago, a first animal model was described, the Fmr1 knock-out mouse. Several other models have been developed since then, including conditional knock-out mice, knock-out rats, a zebrafish and a drosophila model. Using these model systems, various targets for potential pharmaceutical treatments have been identified and many treatments have been shown to be efficient in preclinical studies. However, all attempts to turn these findings into a therapy for patients have failed thus far. In this review, I will discuss underlying difficulties and address potential alternatives for our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Dahlhaus
- Institute for Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Centre, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Sears JC, Broadie K. Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Regulates Activity-Dependent Membrane Trafficking and Trans-Synaptic Signaling Mediating Synaptic Remodeling. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:440. [PMID: 29375303 PMCID: PMC5770364 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading monogenic cause of autism and intellectual disability. The disease arises through loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which normally exhibits peak expression levels in early-use critical periods, and is required for activity-dependent synaptic remodeling during this transient developmental window. FMRP canonically binds mRNA to repress protein translation, with targets that regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, membrane trafficking, and trans-synaptic signaling. We focus here on recent advances emerging in these three areas from the Drosophila disease model. In the well-characterized central brain mushroom body (MB) olfactory learning/memory circuit, FMRP is required for activity-dependent synaptic remodeling of projection neurons innervating the MB calyx, with function tightly restricted to an early-use critical period. FMRP loss is phenocopied by conditional removal of FMRP only during this critical period, and rescued by FMRP conditional expression only during this critical period. Consistent with FXS hyperexcitation, FMRP loss defects are phenocopied by heightened sensory experience and targeted optogenetic hyperexcitation during this critical period. FMRP binds mRNA encoding Drosophila ESCRTIII core component Shrub (human CHMP4 homolog) to restrict Shrub translation in an activity-dependent mechanism only during this same critical period. Shrub mediates endosomal membrane trafficking, and perturbing Shrub expression is known to interfere with neuronal process pruning. Consistently, FMRP loss and Shrub overexpression targeted to projection neurons similarly causes endosomal membrane trafficking defects within synaptic boutons, and genetic reduction of Shrub strikingly rescues Drosophila FXS model defects. In parallel work on the well-characterized giant fiber (GF) circuit, FMRP limits iontophoretic dye loading into central interneurons, demonstrating an FMRP role controlling core neuronal properties through the activity-dependent repression of translation. In the well-characterized Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) model, developmental synaptogenesis and activity-dependent synaptic remodeling both require extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes interacting with the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) glypican dally-like protein (Dlp) to restrict trans-synaptic Wnt signaling, with FXS synaptogenic defects alleviated by both MMP and HSPG reduction. This new mechanistic axis spanning from activity to FMRP to HSPG-dependent MMP regulation modulates activity-dependent synaptogenesis. We discuss future directions for these mechanisms, and intersecting research priorities for FMRP in glial and signaling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Sears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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17
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Ceolin L, Bouquier N, Vitre-Boubaker J, Rialle S, Severac D, Valjent E, Perroy J, Puighermanal E. Cell Type-Specific mRNA Dysregulation in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons of the Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:340. [PMID: 29104533 PMCID: PMC5655025 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder due to the silencing of the Fmr1 gene, causing intellectual disability, seizures, hyperactivity, and social anxiety. All these symptoms result from the loss of expression of the RNA binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which alters the neurodevelopmental program to abnormal wiring of specific circuits. Aberrant mRNAs translation associated with the loss of Fmr1 product is widely suspected to be in part the cause of FXS. However, precise gene expression changes involved in this disorder have yet to be defined. The objective of this study was to identify the set of mistranslated mRNAs that could contribute to neurological deficits in FXS. We used the RiboTag approach and RNA sequencing to provide an exhaustive listing of genes whose mRNAs are differentially translated in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons as the integrative result of FMRP loss and subsequent neurodevelopmental adaptations. Among genes differentially regulated between adult WT and Fmr1-/y mice, we found enrichment in FMRP-binders but also a majority of non-FMRP-binders. Interestingly, both up- and down-regulation of specific gene expression is relevant to fully understand the molecular deficiencies triggering FXS. More importantly, functional genomic analysis highlighted the importance of genes involved in neuronal connectivity. Among them, we show that Klk8 altered expression participates in the abnormal hippocampal dendritic spine maturation observed in a mouse model of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceolin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Dany Severac
- Montpellier GenomiX c/o IGF, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Julie Perroy
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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18
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Davis JK, Broadie K. Multifarious Functions of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein. Trends Genet 2017; 33:703-714. [PMID: 28826631 PMCID: PMC5610095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a heritable intellectual and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), results from the loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). This neurodevelopmental disease state exhibits neural circuit hyperconnectivity and hyperexcitability. Canonically, FMRP functions as an mRNA-binding translation suppressor, but recent findings have enormously expanded its proposed roles. Although connections between burgeoning FMRP functions remain unknown, recent advances have extended understanding of its involvement in RNA, channel, and protein binding that modulate calcium signaling, activity-dependent critical period development, and the excitation-inhibition (E/I) neural circuitry balance. In this review, we contextualize 3 years of FXS model research. Future directions extrapolated from recent advances focus on discovering links between FMRP roles to determine whether FMRP has a multitude of unrelated functions or whether combinatorial mechanisms can explain its multifaceted existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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19
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Fujita R, Zismanov V, Jacob JM, Jamet S, Asiev K, Crist C. Fragile X mental retardation protein regulates skeletal muscle stem cell activity by regulating the stability of Myf5 mRNA. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:18. [PMID: 28882193 PMCID: PMC5588675 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regeneration of adult tissues relies on adult stem cells that are primed to enter a differentiation program, while typically remaining quiescent. In mouse skeletal muscle, these features are reconciled by multiple translational control mechanisms that ensure primed muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are not activated. In quiescent MuSCs, this concept is illustrated by reversible microRNA silencing of Myf5 translation, mediated by microRNA-31 and fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Methods In this work, we take advantage of FMRP knockout (Fmr1−/−) mice to support the role for FMRP in maintaining stem cell properties of the MuSC. We compare the activity of MuSCs in vivo after acute injury and engraftment, as well as ex vivo during culture. We use RNA immunoprecipitation and 3’UTR poly-adenine (poly(A)) length assays to assess the impact of FMRP on the stability of transcripts for myogenic regulatory factors. Results We show that RNA-binding FMRP is required to maintain the MuSC pool. More specifically, FMRP is required for stem cell properties of muscle stem cells, which include MuSC capacity to prime the myogenic program, their self-renewal, and their capacity to efficiently regenerate muscle. We provide evidence that FMRP regulation of MuSC activity occurs in part by the capacity of FMRP to directly bind Myf5 transcripts and impact rates of Myf5 deadenylation. Conclusions Our results provide further evidence supporting a role for post-transcriptional silencing platforms by RNA-binding proteins in maintaining stemness properties of adult stem cells. In addition, deregulated MuSC activity in the absence of Fmr1 may have implications for fragile X syndrome, which is associated with muscle hypotonia during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujita
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Victoria Zismanov
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Jacob
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.,Current address: Unité Stroma, Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724, France
| | - Solène Jamet
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Krum Asiev
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Colin Crist
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.
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20
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Skariah G, Seimetz J, Norsworthy M, Lannom MC, Kenny PJ, Elrakhawy M, Forsthoefel C, Drnevich J, Kalsotra A, Ceman S. Mov10 suppresses retroelements and regulates neuronal development and function in the developing brain. BMC Biol 2017; 15:54. [PMID: 28662698 PMCID: PMC5492891 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moloney leukemia virus 10 (Mov10) is an RNA helicase that mediates access of the RNA-induced silencing complex to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Until now, its role as an RNA helicase and as a regulator of retrotransposons has been characterized exclusively in cell lines. We investigated the role of Mov10 in the mouse brain by examining its expression over development and attempting to create a Mov10 knockout mouse. Loss of both Mov10 copies led to early embryonic lethality. Results Mov10 was significantly elevated in postnatal murine brain, where it bound retroelement RNAs and mRNAs. Mov10 suppressed retroelements in the nucleus by directly inhibiting complementary DNA synthesis, while cytosolic Mov10 regulated cytoskeletal mRNAs to influence neurite outgrowth. We verified this important function by observing reduced dendritic arborization in hippocampal neurons from the Mov10 heterozygote mouse and shortened neurites in the Mov10 knockout Neuro2A cells. Knockdown of Fmrp also resulted in shortened neurites. Mov10, Fmrp, and Ago2 bound a common set of mRNAs in the brain. Reduced Mov10 in murine brain resulted in anxiety and increased activity in a novel environment, supporting its important role in the development of normal brain circuitry. Conclusions Mov10 is essential for normal neuronal development and brain function. Mov10 preferentially binds RNAs involved in actin binding, neuronal projection, and cytoskeleton. This is a completely new and critically important function for Mov10 in neuronal development and establishes a precedent for Mov10 being an important candidate in neurological disorders that have underlying cytoarchitectural causes like autism and Alzheimer’s disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0387-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena Skariah
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Seimetz
- Biochemistry, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Miles Norsworthy
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Monica C Lannom
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Phillip J Kenny
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mohamed Elrakhawy
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Craig Forsthoefel
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High-Performance Biological Computing, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Biochemistry, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie Ceman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,College of Medicine, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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