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Bombardi L, Salini A, Aulitto M, Zuliani L, Andreolli M, Bordoli P, Coltro A, Vitulo N, Zaccone C, Lampis S, Fusco S. Lignocellulolytic Potential of Microbial Consortia Isolated from a Local Biogas Plant: The Case of Thermostable Xylanases Secreted by Mesophilic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1090. [PMID: 38256164 PMCID: PMC10816813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomasses (LCB), including spent mushroom substrate (SMS), pose environmental challenges if not properly managed. At the same time, these renewable resources hold immense potential for biofuel and chemicals production. With the mushroom market growth expected to amplify SMS quantities, repurposing or disposal strategies are critical. This study explores the use of SMS for cultivating microbial communities to produce carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Addressing a research gap in using anaerobic digesters for enriching microbiomes feeding on SMS, this study investigates microbial diversity and secreted CAZymes under varied temperatures (37 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C) and substrates (SMS as well as pure carboxymethylcellulose, and xylan). Enriched microbiomes demonstrated temperature-dependent preferences for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, supported by thermal and elemental analyses. Enzyme assays confirmed lignocellulolytic enzyme secretion correlating with substrate degradation trends. Notably, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), emerged as a rapid approach for saccharification potential determination of LCB. Microbiomes isolated at mesophilic temperature secreted thermophilic hemicellulases exhibiting robust stability and superior enzymatic activity compared to commercial enzymes, aligning with biorefinery conditions. PCR-DGGE and metagenomic analyses showcased dynamic shifts in microbiome composition and functional potential based on environmental conditions, impacting CAZyme abundance and diversity. The meta-functional analysis emphasised the role of CAZymes in biomass transformation, indicating microbial strategies for lignocellulose degradation. Temperature and substrate specificity influenced the degradative potential, highlighting the complexity of environmental-microbial interactions. This study demonstrates a temperature-driven microbial selection for lignocellulose degradation, unveiling thermophilic xylanases with industrial promise. Insights gained contribute to optimizing enzyme production and formulating efficient biomass conversion strategies. Understanding microbial consortia responses to temperature and substrate variations elucidates bioconversion dynamics, emphasizing tailored strategies for harnessing their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bombardi
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Salini
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Zuliani
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Andreolli
- Lab of Environmental Microbiology & VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Bordoli
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalaura Coltro
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Lab of Soil and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Lab of Environmental Microbiology & VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
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Zhu J, Liu J, Li W, Ru Y, Sun D, Liu C, Li Z, Liu W. Dynamic changes in community structure and degradation performance of a bacterial consortium MMBC-1 during the subculturing revival reveal the potential decomposers of lignocellulose. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:110. [PMID: 38647799 PMCID: PMC10991580 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial consortium is an important source of lignocellulolytic strains, but it is still a challenge to distinguish the direct decomposers of lignocellulose from other bacteria in such a complex community. This study aims at addressing this issue by focusing on the dynamic changes in community structure and degradation activity of MMBC-1, an established and stable lignocellulolytic bacterial consortium, during its subculturing revival. MMBC-1 was cryopreserved with glycerol as a protective agent and then inoculated for revival. Its enzyme activities for degradation recovered to the maximum level after two rounds of subculturing. Correspondingly, the cellulose and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic carbon source were gradually decomposed during the revival. Meanwhile, the initial dominant bacteria represented by genus Clostridium were replaced by the bacteria belonging to Lachnospira, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Haloimpatiens genera and family Lachnospiraceae. However, only three high-abundance (> 1%) operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (Lachnospira, Enterococcus and Haloimpatiens genera) were suggested to directly engage in lignocellulose degradation according to correlation analysis. By comparison, many low-abundance OTUs, such as the ones belonging to Flavonifractor and Anaerotruncus genera, may play an important role in degradation. These findings showed the dramatic changes in community structure that occurred during the subculturing revival, and paved the way for the discovery of direct decomposers in a stable consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yunrui Ru
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Weijie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Enrichment of Anaerobic Microbial Communities from Midgut and Hindgut of Sun Beetle Larvae (Pachnoda marginata) on Wheat Straw: Effect of Inoculum Preparation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040761. [PMID: 35456811 PMCID: PMC9024811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pachnoda marginata larva have complex gut microbiota capable of the effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Biotechnological utilization of these microorganisms in an engineered system can be achieved by establishing enrichment cultures using a lignocellulosic substrate. We established enrichment cultures from contents of the midgut and hindgut of the beetle larva using wheat straw in an alkaline medium at mesophilic conditions. Two different inoculation preparations were used: procedure 1 (P1) was performed in a sterile bench under oxic conditions using 0.4% inoculum and small gauge needles. Procedure 2 (P2) was carried out under anoxic conditions using more inoculum (4%) and bigger gauge needles. Higher methane production was achieved with P2, while the highest acetic acid concentrations were observed with P1. In the enrichment cultures, the most abundant bacterial families were Dysgonomonadaceae, Heliobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Marinilabiliaceae. Further, the most abundant methanogenic genera were Methanobrevibacter, Methanoculleus, and Methanosarcina. Our observations suggest that in samples processed with P1, the volatile fatty acids were not completely converted to methane. This is supported by the finding that enrichment cultures obtained with P2 included acetoclastic methanogens, which might have prevented the accumulation of acetic acid. We conclude that differences in the inoculum preparation may have a major influence on the outcome of enrichment cultures from the P. marginata larvae gut.
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Borjigin Q, Zhang B, Yu X, Gao J, Zhang X, Qu J, Ma D, Hu S, Han S. Metagenomics study to compare the taxonomic composition and metabolism of a lignocellulolytic microbial consortium cultured in different carbon conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:78. [PMID: 35325312 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A lignocellulolytic microbial consortium holds promise for the in situ biodegradation of crop straw and the comprehensive and effective utilization of agricultural waste. In this study, we applied metagenomics technology to comprehensively explore the metabolic functional potential and taxonomic diversity of the microbial consortia CS (cultured on corn stover) and FP (cultured on filter paper). Analyses of the data on metagenomics taxonomic affiliations revealed considerable differences in the taxonomic composition and carbohydrate-active enzymes profile of the microbial consortia CS and FP. Pseudomonas, Dysgonomonas and Sphingobacterium in CS and Cellvibrio and Pseudomonas in FP had a much wider distribution of lignocellulose degradative ability. The genes for more lignocellulose degradative enzymes were detected when the relatively simple substrate filter paper was used as the carbon source. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses revealed considerable levels of similarity, and carbohydrate metabolic and amino acid metabolic pathways were the most enriched in CS and FP, respectively. The mechanism used by the two microbial consortia to degrade lignocellulose was similar, but the annotation of quantity of genes indicated that they are diverse and vary greatly. These data underlie the interactions between microorganisms and the synergism of enzymes during the degradative process of lignocellulose under different substrates and suggest the development of potential microbial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggeer Borjigin
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China
| | - Bizhou Zhang
- Special Crops Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, No.22, ZhaoJun Road, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China. .,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.
| | - Julin Gao
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China. .,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China
| | - Jiawei Qu
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China
| | - Daling Ma
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China
| | - Shuping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.,Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Altan street, Baotou, 014109, China
| | - Shengcai Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 275, XinJian East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China.,Hortlculture and Plant Protection College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Eerduosi East Street, Hohhot, 010019, China
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Fung AHY, Rao S, Ngan WY, Sekoai PT, Touyon L, Ho TM, Wong KP, Habimana O. Exploring the optimization of aerobic food waste digestion efficiency through the engineering of functional biofilm Bio-carriers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125869. [PMID: 34523579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of breaking down cellulose-rich food waste through biofilm engineering was investigated. Six previously isolated strains from naturally degrading fruits and vegetables, screened for biofilm-forming ability and cellulolytic activity, were selected to enrich a biocarrier seeding microbial consortium. The food waste model used in this study was cabbage which was aerobically digested under repeated water rinsing and regular effluent drainage. The engineered biocarrier biofilm's functionality was evaluated by tracing microbial succession following metagenomic sequencing, quantitative PCR, scanning electron microscopy, and cellulolytic activity before and after the digestion processes. The engineered microbial consortium demonstrated superior biofilm-forming ability on biocarriers than the original microbial consortium and generally displayed a higher cellulolytic activity. The presented study provides one of the few studies of food waste aerobic digestion using engineered biofilms. Insights presented in this study could help further optimize aerobic food waste digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aster Hei Yiu Fung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Subramanya Rao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yui Ngan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Thabang Sekoai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa Touyon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tsoi Man Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan-Po Wong
- Ecopia (Hong Kong) Co. Limited, Unit 349, 3F, Building 19W, No. 19 Science Park West Ave., Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Olivier Habimana
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Rajeswari G, Jacob S, Chandel AK, Kumar V. Unlocking the potential of insect and ruminant host symbionts for recycling of lignocellulosic carbon with a biorefinery approach: a review. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:107. [PMID: 34044834 PMCID: PMC8161579 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Uprising fossil fuel depletion and deterioration of ecological reserves supply have led to the search for alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources and chemicals. Although first generation biorefinery is quite successful commercially in generating bulk of biofuels globally, the food versus fuel debate has necessitated the use of non-edible feedstocks, majorly waste biomass, for second generation production of biofuels and chemicals. A diverse class of microbes and enzymes are being exploited for biofuels production for a series of treatment process, however, the conversion efficiency of wide range of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) and consolidated way of processing remains challenging. There were lot of research efforts in the past decade to scour for potential microbial candidate. In this context, evolution has developed the gut microbiota of several insects and ruminants that are potential LCB degraders host eco-system to overcome its host nutritional constraints, where LCB processed by microbiomes pretends to be a promising candidate. Synergistic microbial symbionts could make a significant contribution towards recycling the renewable carbon from distinctly abundant recalcitrant LCB. Several studies have assessed the bioprospection of innumerable gut symbionts and their lignocellulolytic enzymes for LCB degradation. Though, some reviews exist on molecular characterization of gut microbes, but none of them has enlightened the microbial community design coupled with various LCB valorization which intensifies the microbial diversity in biofuels application. This review provides a deep insight into the significant breakthroughs attained in enrichment strategy of gut microbial community and its molecular characterization techniques which aids in understanding the holistic microbial community dynamics. Special emphasis is placed on gut microbial role in LCB depolymerization strategies to lignocellulolytic enzymes production and its functional metagenomic data mining eventually generating the sugar platform for biofuels and renewable chemicals production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Rajeswari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist. , Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist. , Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo, Lorena, 12.602.810, Brazil
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
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Paixão DAA, Tomazetto G, Sodré VR, Gonçalves TA, Uchima CA, Büchli F, Alvarez TM, Persinoti GF, da Silva MJ, Bragatto J, Liberato MV, Franco Cairo JPL, Leme AFP, Squina FM. Microbial enrichment and meta-omics analysis identify CAZymes from mangrove sediments with unique properties. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109820. [PMID: 34116762 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although lignocellulose is the most abundant and renewable natural resource for biofuel production, its use remains under exploration because of its highly recalcitrant structure. Its deconstruction into sugar monomers is mainly driven by carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). To develop highly efficient and fast strategies to discover biomass-degrading enzymes for biorefinery applications, an enrichment process combined with integrative omics approaches was used to identify new CAZymes. The lignocellulolytic-enriched mangrove microbial community (LignoManG) established on sugarcane bagasse (SB) was enriched with lignocellulolytic bacteria and fungi such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota. These microbial communities were able to degrade up to 55 % of the total SB, indicating the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the LignoManG harbors 18.042 CAZyme sequences such as of cellulases, hemicellulases, carbohydrate esterases, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. Similarly, our metaproteomic analysis depicted several enzymes from distinct families of different CAZy families. Based on the LignoManG data, a xylanase (coldXynZ) was selected, amplified, cloned, expressed, and biochemically characterized. The enzyme displayed psicrofilic properties, with the highest activity at 15 °C, retaining 77 % of its activity when incubated at 0 °C. Moreover, molecular modeling in silico indicated that coldXynZ is composed of a TIM barrel, which is a typical folding found in the GH10 family, and displayed similar structural features related to cold-adapted enzymes. Collectively, the data generated in this study represent a valuable resource for lignocellulolytic enzymes with potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geizecler Tomazetto
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering (BCE), Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victoria Ramos Sodré
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazi; Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazi; Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Akemi Uchima
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Büchli
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thabata Maria Alvarez
- Graduate Programme in Industrial Biotechnology, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Felix Persinoti
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio José da Silva
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bragatto
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vizoná Liberato
- Laboratório Nacional de Biorenováveis, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - João Paulo L Franco Cairo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazi; Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Marcio Squina
- Programa de Processos Tecnológicos e Ambientais, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil.
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Yang SS, Chen YD, Zhang Y, Zhou HM, Ji XY, He L, Xing DF, Ren NQ, Ho SH, Wu WM. A novel clean production approach to utilize crop waste residues as co-diet for mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) biomass production with biochar as byproduct for heavy metal removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1142-1153. [PMID: 31252112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proper management of waste crop residues has been an environmental concern for years. Yellow mealworms (larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758) are major insect protein source. In comparison with normal feed wheat bran (WB), we tested five common lignocellulose-rich crop residues as feedstock to rear mealworms, including wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), rice bran (RB), rice husk (RH), and corn straw (CS). We then used egested frass for the production of biochar in order to achieve clean production. Except for WS and RH, the crop residues supported mealworms' life activity and growth with consumption of the residues by 90% or higher and degraded lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose over 32 day period. The sequence of degradability of the feedstocks is RS > RB > CS > WS > RH. Egested frass was converted to biochar which was tested for metal removal including Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cr(VI). Biochar via pyrolysis at 600 °C from RS fed frass (FRSBC) showed the best adsorption performance. The adsorption isotherm fits the Langmuir model, and kinetic analysis fits the Pseudo-Second Order Reaction. The heavy metal adsorption process was well-described using the Intra-Particle Diffusion model. Complexation, cation exchange, precipitation, reduction, deposition, and chelation dominated the adsorption of the metals onto FRSBC. The results indicated that crop residues (WS, RS, RB, and CS) can be utilized as supplementary feedstock along with biochar generated from egested frass to rear mealworms and achieve clean production while generating high-quality bioadsorbent for environment remediation and soil conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yi-di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - De-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Lazuka A, Auer L, O’Donohue M, Hernandez-Raquet G. Anaerobic lignocellulolytic microbial consortium derived from termite gut: enrichment, lignocellulose degradation and community dynamics. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:284. [PMID: 30356893 PMCID: PMC6191919 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource that can be used for biofuels and commodity chemicals production. The ability of complex microbial communities present in natural environments that are specialized in biomass deconstruction can be exploited to develop lignocellulose bioconversion processes. Termites are among the most abundant insects on earth and play an important role in lignocellulose decomposition. Although their digestive microbiome is recognized as a potential reservoir of microorganisms producing lignocellulolytic enzymes, the potential to enrich and maintain the lignocellulolytic activity of microbial consortia derived from termite gut useful for lignocellulose biorefinery has not been assessed. Here, we assessed the possibility of enriching a microbial consortium from termite gut and maintaining its lignocellulose degradation ability in controlled anaerobic bioreactors. RESULTS We enriched a termite gut-derived consortium able to transform lignocellulose into carboxylates under anaerobic conditions. To assess the impact of substrate natural microbiome on the enrichment and the maintenance of termite gut microbiome, the enrichment process was performed using both sterilized and non-sterilized straw. The enrichment process was carried out in bioreactors operating under industrially relevant aseptic conditions. Two termite gut-derived microbial consortia were obtained from Nasutitermes ephratae by sequential batch culture on raw wheat straw as the sole carbon source. Analysis of substrate loss, carboxylate production and microbial diversity showed that regardless of the substrate sterility, the diversity of communities selected by the enrichment process strongly changed compared to that observed in the termite gut. Nevertheless, the community obtained on sterile straw displayed higher lignocellulose degradation capacity; it showed a high xylanase activity and an initial preference for hemicellulose. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that it is possible to enrich and maintain a microbial consortium derived from termite gut microbiome in controlled anaerobic bioreactors, producing useful carboxylates from raw biomass. Our results suggest that the microbial community is shaped both by the substrate and the conditions that prevail during enrichment. However, when aseptic conditions are applied, it is also affected by the biotic pressure exerted by microorganisms naturally present in the substrate and in the surrounding environment. Besides the efficient lignocellulolytic consortium enriched in this study, our results revealed high levels of xylanase activity that can now be further explored for enzyme identification and overexpression for biorefinery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Lazuka
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés - LISBP, UMR5504, UMR792, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Lucas Auer
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés - LISBP, UMR5504, UMR792, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Michael O’Donohue
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés - LISBP, UMR5504, UMR792, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés - LISBP, UMR5504, UMR792, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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10
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Zhan Y, Liu W, Bao Y, Zhang J, Petropoulos E, Li Z, Lin X, Feng Y. Fertilization shapes a well-organized community of bacterial decomposers for accelerated paddy straw degradation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7981. [PMID: 29789525 PMCID: PMC5964224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Straw, mainly dry stalks of crops, is an agricultural byproduct. Its incorporation to soils via microbial redistribution is an environment-friendly way to increase fertility. Fertilization influences soil microorganisms and straw degradation. However, our up to date knowledge on the responses of the straw decomposers to fertilization remains elusive. To this end, inoculated with paddy soils with 26-year applications of chemical fertilizers, organic amendments or controls without fertilization, microcosms were anoxically incubated with 13C-labelled rice straw amendment. DNA-based stable isotope probing and molecular ecological network analysis were conducted to unravel how straw degrading bacterial species shift in responses to fertilizations, as well as evaluate what their roles/links in the microbiome are. It was found that only a small percentage of the community ecotypes was participating into straw degradation under both fertilizations. Fertilization, especially with organic amendments decreased the predominance of Firmicutes- and Acidobacteria-like straw decomposers but increased those of the copiotrophs, such as β-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes due to increased soil fertility. For the same reason, fertilization shifted the hub species towards those of high degrading potential and created a more stable and efficient microbial consortium. These findings indicate that fertilization shapes a well-organized community of decomposers for accelerated straw degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Evangelos Petropoulos
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Zhongpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Youzhi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China.
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11
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Zhang ZY, Yuan Y, Ali MW, Peng T, Peng W, Raza MF, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Cultivable anaerobic and aerobic bacterial communities in the fermentation chambers of Holotrichia parallela (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) larvae. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190663. [PMID: 29304141 PMCID: PMC5755877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As important pests, scarab beetle larvae survive on plant biomass and the microbiota of the fermentation chamber play an important role in the digestion of lignocellulose-rich diets. However, the cultivable microbes, especially the anaerobic cultivable microbes, are still largely unknown. Here, both cultivable anaerobic and aerobic bacterial communities associated with the fermentation chamber of Holotrichia parallela larvae were investigated. In total bacteria cells directly enumerated by the 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining method, the viable plate counts of cultivable bacteria in the fermentation chamber accounted for 0.92% of proportion. These cultivable bacteria were prone to attach to the fermentation chamber wall (88.41%) compared to the chamber contents. Anaerobic bacteria were dominant in the cultivable bacteria attaching to the fermentation chamber wall (70.20%), while the quantities of anaerobes and aerobes were similar in the chamber contents. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), fingerprinting and sequence analysis of isolated colonies revealed that the cultivable bacteria are affiliated with class γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Actinobacteria, Clostridia and β-Proteobacteria. γ-Proteobacteria was the major type of anaerobic cultivable bacteria and even the only one type of aerobic cultivable bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest, for the first time, that anaerobic microbiota are dominant in cultivable bacteria in the special anoxia niche of the fermentation chamber from H. parallela larvae. These bacterial isolates could be a treasure trove for screening lignocellulytic microbes which are essential for the plant biomass digestion of this scarab species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Zhang
- College of Environmental Design, Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- College of Environmental Design, Wuhan Institute of Design and Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Fahim Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yongshun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (ZY)
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Pests, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (ZY)
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Kanokratana P, Wongwilaiwalin S, Mhuantong W, Tangphatsornruang S, Eurwilaichitr L, Champreda V. Characterization of cellulolytic microbial consortium enriched on Napier grass using metagenomic approaches. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 125:439-447. [PMID: 29169786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Energy grass is a promising substrate for production of biogas by anaerobic digestion. However, the conversion efficiency is limited by the enzymatically recalcitrant nature of cellulosic wastes. In this study, an active, structurally stable mesophilic lignocellulolytic degrading microbial consortium (Np-LMC) was constructed from forest compost soil microbiota by successive subcultivation on Napier grass under facultative anoxic conditions. According to tagged 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, increasing abundance of facultative Proteobacteria was found in the middle of batch cycle which was then subsequently replaced by the cellulose degraders Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes along with decreasing CMCase, xylanase, and β-glucanase activity profiles in the supernatant after 5 days of incubation. Anaerobic/facultative bacteria Dysgonomonas and Sedimentibacter and aerobic bacteria Comamonas were the major genera found in Np-LMC. The consortium was active on degradation of the native and delignified grass. Direct shotgun sequencing of the consortium metagenome revealed relatively high abundance of genes encoding for various lignocellulose degrading enzymes in 23 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families compared to previously reported cellulolytic microbial communities in mammalian digestive tracts. Enzymes attacking cellulose and hemicellulose were dominated by GH2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 26, 28 and 43 in addition to a variety of carbohydrate esterases (CE) and auxiliary activities (AA), reflecting adaptation of the enzyme systems to the native herbaceous substrate. The consortium identified here represents the microcosm specifically bred on energy grass, with potential for enhancing degradation of fibrous substrates in bioenergy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sarunyou Wongwilaiwalin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- Genomic Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Lily Eurwilaichitr
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Enrichment of lignocellulose-degrading microbial communities from natural and engineered methanogenic environments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1035-1043. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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