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Echeverría N, Gámbaro F, Beaucourt S, Soñora M, Hernández N, Cristina J, Moratorio G, Moreno P. Mixed Infections Unravel Novel HCV Inter-Genotypic Recombinant Forms within the Conserved IRES Region. Viruses 2024; 16:560. [PMID: 38675902 PMCID: PMC11053413 DOI: 10.3390/v16040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of people worldwide, with chronic infection a persistent threat. Despite the advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), challenges in diagnosis and treatment remain, compounded by the lack of an effective vaccine. The HCV genome, characterized by high genetic variability, consists of eight distinct genotypes and over ninety subtypes, underscoring the complex dynamics of the virus within infected individuals. This study delves into the intriguing realm of HCV genetic diversity, specifically exploring the phenomenon of mixed infections and the subsequent detection of recombinant forms within the conserved internal ribosome entry site (IRES) region. Previous studies have identified recombination as a rare event in HCV. However, our findings challenge this notion by providing the first evidence of 1a/3a (and vice versa) inter-genotypic recombination within the conserved IRES region. Utilizing advanced sequencing methods, such as deep sequencing and molecular cloning, our study reveals mixed infections involving genotypes 1a and 3a. This comprehensive approach not only confirmed the presence of mixed infections, but also identified the existence of recombinant forms not previously seen in the IRES region. The recombinant sequences, although present as low-frequency variants, open new avenues for understanding HCV evolution and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.E.); (F.G.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (G.M.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Gámbaro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.E.); (F.G.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Stéphanie Beaucourt
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Martín Soñora
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.E.); (F.G.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (G.M.)
- Laboratorio de Simulaciones Biomoleculares, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nelia Hernández
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.E.); (F.G.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.E.); (F.G.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (G.M.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Pilar Moreno
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (N.E.); (F.G.); (M.S.); (J.C.); (G.M.)
- Laboratorio de Evolución Experimental de Virus, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Cuypers L, Thijssen M, Shakibzadeh A, Sabahi F, Ravanshad M, Pourkarim MR. Next-generation sequencing for the clinical management of hepatitis C virus infections: does one test fits all purposes? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:420-434. [PMID: 31317801 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1637394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the prospect of viral cure is higher than ever for individuals infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to ground-breaking progress in antiviral treatment, success rates are still negatively influenced by HCV's high genetic variability. This genetic diversity is represented in the circulation of various genotypes and subtypes, mixed infections, recombinant forms and the presence of numerous drug resistant variants among infected individuals. Common misclassifications by commercial genotyping assays in combination with the limitations of currently used targeted population sequencing approaches have encouraged researchers to exploit alternative methods for the clinical management of HCV infections. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), a revolutionary and powerful tool with a variety of applications in clinical virology, can characterize viral diversity and depict viral dynamics in an ultra-wide and ultra-deep manner. The level of detail it provides makes it the method of choice for the diagnosis and clinical assessment of HCV infections. The sequence library provided by NGS is of a higher magnitude and sensitivity than data generated by conventional methods. Therefore, these technologies are helpful to guide clinical practice and at the same time highly valuable for epidemiological studies. The decreasing costs of NGS to determine genotypes, mixed infections, recombinant strains and drug resistant variants will soon make it feasible to employ NGS in clinical laboratories, to assist in the daily care of patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Cuypers
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Arash Shakibzadeh
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabahi
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ravanshad
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran
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Analysis of hepatitis B virus-mixed genotype infection by ultra deep pyrosequencing in Sudanese patients, 2015-2016. Infection 2019; 47:793-803. [PMID: 30963405 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of detection of HBV co-infection with multiple HBV genotypes is influenced by the detection method; usually co-infections are detected by multiplex PCR or hybridization assays, and are rarely confirmed by sequencing and conventional cloning. The objective of this study was to confirm by ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) mixed HBV infections, previously detected by multiplex-nested PCR. METHODS Sixteen samples from HBV co-infected Sudanese patients detected by multiplex-nested PCR, were amplified targeting the P/S region and sequenced by UDPS. RESULTS The only genotypes identified using UDPS were D and E, while A, B, C and F genotypes, previously detected by multiplex-nested PCR, were not detected. Specifically, 10 samples were shown to be mono-infected (D or E); in 3 out of 10 mono-infected D patients, a subtype combination was observed: D1 + D7 in 2 cases and D2 + D6 in 1 case. The remaining 6 subjects were D + E co-infected (harboring different mixtures of D subtypes). CONCLUSIONS Overall, UDPS is more effective than multiplex-nested PCR for identifying multiple HBV genotypes and subtypes infections.
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Kao JH, Lin CY, Chuang WL, Cheng YY, Hu JY, Liang WK, Friebe P, Palmer S, Huang CS. Clinical evaluation of IntelliPlex TM HCV genotyping kit for hepatitis C virus genotyping. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:344-348. [PMID: 30975461 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genotyping of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is crucial for determining the most efficient anti-viral therapy. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the IntelliPlexTM HCV Genotyping Kit was determined by comparing the assay results of 307 specimens with the results obtained by Sanger sequencing. Out of 202 HCV-positive specimens tested, 8 samples yielded discrepant results between the IntelliPlex HCV Genotyping Kit and Sanger sequencing. For 5 of these discrepant samples, the IntelliPlex HCV Genotyping Kit classified the correct genotype but failed to show the same single or dual infected status as determined by Sanger sequencing. A total of 105 samples which tested negative for HCV by In-Vitro-Diagnostics (IVD)-approved viral load assay tested negative for HCV by the IntelliPlex HCV Genotyping Kit. The IntelliPlex HCV Genotyping Kit has a clinical specificity of 100% and a clinical sensitivity of 96.9% and is suited to be used in clinical laboratories to genotype HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung. Taiwan; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jui-Yu Hu
- PlexBio Co., Ltd., Neihu District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Peter Friebe
- PlexBio Co., Ltd., Neihu District, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Reliable resolution of ambiguous hepatitis C virus genotype 1 results with the Abbott HCV Genotype Plus RUO assay. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3678. [PMID: 30842623 PMCID: PMC6403303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate subtyping of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) remains clinically and epidemiologically relevant. The Abbott HCV Genotype Plus RUO (GT Plus) assay, targeting the core region, was evaluated as a reflex test to resolve ambiguous HCV-1 results in a challenging sample collection. 198 HCV-1 specimens were analysed with GT Plus (38 specimens with and 160 without subtype assigned by the Abbott RealTime Genotype II (GT II) assay targeting the 5’NC and NS5B regions). Sanger sequencing of the core and/or NS5B regions were performed in 127 specimens without subtype assignment by GT II, with “not detected” results by GT Plus, or with mixed genotypes/subtypes. The remaining GT Plus results were compared to LiPA 2.0 (n = 45) or just to GT II results if concordant (n = 26). GT Plus successfully assigned the subtype in 142/160 (88.8%) samples. “Not detected” results indicated other HCV-1 subtypes/genotypes or mismatches in the core region in subtype 1b. The subtyping concordance between GT Plus and either sequencing or LiPA was 98.6% (140/142). Therefore, combined use of GT II and GT Plus assays represents a reliable and simple approach which considerably reduced the number of ambiguous HCV-1 results and enabled a successful subtyping of 98.9% of all HCV-1 samples.
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Olmstead AD, Montoya V, Chui CK, Dong W, Joy JB, Tai V, Poon AFY, Nguyen T, Brumme CJ, Martinello M, Matthews GV, Richard Harrigan P, Dore GJ, Applegate TL, Grebely J, Howe AYM. A systematic, deep sequencing-based methodology for identification of mixed-genotype hepatitis C virus infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:76-84. [PMID: 30654177 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mixed genotype infections can affect treatment outcomes and may have implications for vaccine design and disease progression. Previous studies demonstrate 0-39% of high-risk, HCV-infected individuals harbor mixed genotypes however standardized, sensitive methods of detection are lacking. This study compared PCR amplicon, random primer (RP), and probe enrichment (PE)-based deep sequencing methods coupled with a custom sequence analysis pipeline to detect multiple HCV genotypes. Mixed infection cutoff values, based on HCV read depth and coverage, were identified using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The methodology was validated using artificially mixed genotype samples and then applied to two clinical trials of HCV treatment in high-risk individuals (ACTIVATE, 114 samples from 90 individuals; DARE-C II, 26 samples from 18 individuals) and a cohort of HIV/HCV co-infected individuals (Canadian Coinfection Cohort (CCC), 3 samples from 2 individuals with suspected mixed genotype infections). Amplification bias of genotype (G)1b, G2, G3 and G5 was observed in artificially mixed samples using the PCR method while no genotype bias was observed using RP and PE. RP and PE sequencing of 140 ACTIVATE and DARE-C II samples identified the following primary genotypes: 15% (n = 21) G1a, 76% (n = 106) G3, and 9% (n = 13) G2. Sequencing of ACTIVATE and DARE-C II demonstrated, on average, 2% and 1% of HCV reads mapping to a second genotype using RP and PE, respectively, however none passed the mixed infection cutoff criteria and phylogenetics confirmed no mixed infections. From CCC, one mixed infection was confirmed while the other was determined to be a recombinant genotype. This study underlines the risk for false identification of mixed HCV infections and stresses the need for standardized methods to improve prevalence estimates and to understand the impact of mixed infections for management and elimination of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celia K Chui
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Winnie Dong
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey B Joy
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of AIDS, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vera Tai
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Art F Y Poon
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - P Richard Harrigan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of AIDS, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory J Dore
- UNSW Sydney, The Kirby Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jason Grebely
- UNSW Sydney, The Kirby Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita Y M Howe
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Bruzzone B, Canepa P, De Rosa G, Delucis S, D'Ambrosio B, Icardi G, Setti M. Correct Identification of Dual HCV Infections in HIV/HCV CoInfected Patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:325-326. [PMID: 29314861 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Canepa
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Delucis
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSSal), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Setti
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Minichini C, Starace M, De Pascalis S, Macera M, Occhiello L, Caroprese M, Vitrone M, Iovinella V, Guerrera B, Masarone M, Coppola N. HCV genotype-3h, a difficult-to-diagnose sub-genotype in the DAA era. Antivir Ther 2018; 23:605-609. [PMID: 29504510 DOI: 10.3851/imp3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No data are available on the clinical presentation and virological pattern in the case of failure of interferon (IFN)-free regimens in patients with genotype-3h. In this paper authors identified the virological and clinical characteristics of patients with genotype-3h treated with suboptimal or not indicated IFN-free regimens for the misclassification of HCV genotype. METHODS A total of 87 consecutive patients with failure to an IFN-free regimen were re-tested for HCV genotype by HCV NS5B sequencing; the 26 patients identified as harbouring HCV-3 were enrolled. RESULTS Of the 26 patients enrolled, 4 (15.4%) harboured sub-genotype-3h and 22 (84.6%) 3a. All patients were Italian. Patients with genotype-3a infection were younger (median age 56 years, range 47-78) compared to those with genotype-3h infection (median 74 years, range 65-79; P<0.006). With regard to the failed direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-regimens, three of the four patients with genotype-3h (75%) had been treated with an ineffective DAA regimen (paritaprevir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir ± ribavirin for 3 months) more frequently than those with genotype-3a (13.6%; P=0.02), because of previous erroneous identification of HCV-1 genotype. NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) were observed in 10 (45.4%) genotype-3a-infected patients and in 2 (50%) with genotype-3h. NS5B RASs were observed in only two genotype-3a-infected patients and in none of the 3h-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time genotype-3h has been identified in Italian patients failing an IFN-free regimen, in the majority of cases because of a misclassification of the HCV genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Minichini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Starace
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascalis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Macera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Occhiello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Caroprese
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Vitrone
- Internal Medicine, University of Campania & AORN Ospedali dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Guerrera
- Internal Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Gastroenterology Unit, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Janiak M, Caraballo Cortés K, Perlejewski K, Kubicka-Russel D, Grabarczyk P, Demkow U, Radkowski M. Next-Generation Sequencing of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Mixed-Genotype Infections in Anti-HCV-Negative Blood Donors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1096:65-71. [PMID: 29594753 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The infection with more than one hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype especially in subjects with a high risk of multiple HCV exposures has been demonstrated. The role of HCV mixed-genotype infection in viral persistence and treatment effect is not fully understood. The prevalence of such infection varies greatly depending on the technique used for genotype determination and studied population. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) which is suitable for extensive analysis of complex viral populations is a method of choice for studying mixed infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mixed-genotype HCV infections in the Polish seronegative, HCV-RNA-positive blood donors (n = 76). Two-step PCR was used for amplification of 5'-UTR of HCV. Using pyrosequencing altogether, 381,063 reads were obtained. The raw reads were trimmed and subjected to similarity analysis against the entire unfiltered NCBI nt database. Results obtained from NGS were compared with the standard genotyping. One (1.3%) mixed-genotype [3a, 2989 reads (94.8%); 1b, 164 reads (5.2%)] infection was found in a sample diagnosed as genotype 3a only by routine testing. Two samples were identified with different genotypes, compared to routine testing. In conclusion, NGS is a sensitive method for HCV genotyping. The prevalence of mixed-genotype HCV infections in blood donors is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Janiak
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Caraballo Cortés
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Perlejewski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kubicka-Russel
- Department of Virology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Department of Virology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Dirani G, Paesini E, Mascetra E, Farabegoli P, Dalmo B, Bartolini B, Garbuglia AR, Capobianchi MR, Sambri V. A novel next generation sequencing assay as an alternative to currently available methods for hepatitis C virus genotyping. J Virol Methods 2017; 251:88-91. [PMID: 29045810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection is one of the leading causes of liver-related death and in many countries it is a primary reason for having a liver transplant. HCV genotype identification has long been used in the clinical practice, since different genotypes have different response rates and required different doses and durations of IFN/RBV treatment; moreover both the frequency and the pattern of resistance to different Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) classes are subtype specific. Hence the necessity to make an accurate HCV subtyping becomes a fundamental tool to optimize current and future clinical management of HCV infected subjects. In the present study the performance of a next generation sequencing (NGS: based on the Ion Torrent Platform-Vela Sentosa SQ 301 sequencer) HCV genotyping assay has been evaluated. The current method targets a region of the NS5B gene and it is the unique NGS based market CE-IVD assay. As a comparative method a commercial method based on the detection via reverse hybridization of 5'UTR and core regions (Versant HCV Genotype 2.0 Assay, LiPA, Siemens) was selected. A total 207 plasma samples from HCV infected individuals were used. No selection was made for these samples that were submitted for routine HCV genotyping. The results show Vela NGS assay assigns major number of HCV subtypes with respect LiPA. Concerning genotype 1 and 3, the discrepancy of assigned subtypes for LiPA with respect to Vela NGS assay is not relevant (1.8% and 2%, respectively); in contrast, the difference of assigned subtypes for genotypes 2 and 4 is very high (96.6% and 100%, respectively). The resistance mutations data, except for 1a and 1b subtypes, remain scarce; the future relevant challenge will be to identify subtypes-specific drug resistance mutations, which are essential to create highly personalized therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dirani
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy.
| | - E Paesini
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy
| | - E Mascetra
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy
| | - P Farabegoli
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy
| | - B Dalmo
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy
| | - B Bartolini
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - A R Garbuglia
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - M R Capobianchi
- Virology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L.Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - V Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina, Cesena, Italy; DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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