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Liu Y, Yang H, Gan S, He L, Zeng R, Xiao T, Wu L. A novel mutation of DNA2 regulates neuronal cell membrane potential and epileptogenesis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:259. [PMID: 38802339 PMCID: PMC11130173 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is one of the most intractable epilepsies. Previously, we reported that mitochondrial DNA deletions were associated with epileptogenesis. While the underlying mechanism of mitochondrial DNA deletions during epileptogenesis remain unknown. In this study, a novel somatic mutation of DNA2 gene was identified in the hippocampal tissue of two MTLE patients carrying mitochondrial DNA deletions, and this mutation decreased the full-length expression of DNA2 protein significantly, aborting its normal functions. Then, we knocked down the DNA2 protein in zebrafish, and we demonstrated that zebrafish with DNA2 deficiency showed decreased expression of mitochondrial complex II-IV, and exhibited hallmarks of epileptic seizures, including abnormal development of the zebrafish and epileptiform discharge signals in brain, compared to the Cas9-control group. Moreover, our cell-based assays showed that DNA2 deletion resulted in accumulated mitochondrial DNA damage, abnormal oxidative phosphorylation and decreased ATP production in cells. Inadequate ATP generation in cells lead to declined Na+, K+-ATPase activity and change of cell membrane potential. Together, these disorders caused by DNA2 depletion increased cell apoptosis and inhibited the differentiation of SH-SY5Y into branched neuronal phenotype. In conclusion, DNA2 deficiency regulated the cell membrane potential via affecting ATP production by mitochondria and Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and also affected neuronal cell growth and differentiation. These disorders caused by DNA2 dysfunction are important causes of epilepsy. In summary, we are the first to report the pathogenic somatic mutation of DNA2 gene in the patients with MTLE disease, and we uncovered the mechanism of DNA2 regulating the epilepsy. This study provides new insight into the pathogenesis of epilepsy and underscore the value of DNA2 in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Pediatrics Research Institute, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyi Gan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongrong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Zhang B, Li L, Huang M, Zhao E, Li Y, Sun J, He Z, Fu C, Liu G, Sun B. Probing the Impact of Surface Functionalization Module on the Performance of Mitoxantrone Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Improving the Effectiveness and Safety. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3759-3767. [PMID: 38478977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Prodrug nanoassemblies are emerging as a novel drug delivery system for chemotherapy, comprising four fundamental modules: a drug module, a modification module, a response module, and a surface functionalization module. Among these modules, surface functionalization is an essential process to enhance the biocompatibility and stability of the nanoassemblies. Here, we selected mitoxantrone (MTO) as the drug module and DSPE-PEG2K as surface functionalization module to develop MTO prodrug nanoassemblies. We systematically evaluated the effect of surface functionalization module ratios (10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of prodrug, WDSPE-mPEG2000/Wprodrug) on the prodrug nanoassemblies. The results indicated that 40% NPs significantly improved the self-assembly stability and cellular uptake of prodrug nanoassemblies. Compared with MTO solution, 40% NPs showed better tumor specificity and pharmacokinetics, resulting in potent antitumor activity with a good safety profile. These findings highlighted the pivotal role of the surface functionalization module in regulating the performance of mitoxantrone prodrug nanoassemblies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Minglong Huang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Erwei Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunwang Fu
- Shenyang Xingqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110162, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
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3
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Leung E, Taskina D, Schwab N, Hazrati LN. BRCA1 heterozygosity promotes DNA damage-induced senescence in a sex-specific manner following repeated mild traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1225226. [PMID: 37638313 PMCID: PMC10450634 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1225226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests cellular senescence, as a consequence of excess DNA damage and deficient repair, to be a driver of brain dysfunction following repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). This study aimed to further investigate the role of deficient DNA repair, specifically BRCA1-related repair, on DNA damage-induced senescence. BRCA1, a repair protein involved in maintaining genomic integrity with multiple roles in the central nervous system, was previously reported to be significantly downregulated in post-mortem brains with a history of rmTBI. Here we examined the effects of impaired BRCA1-related repair on DNA damage-induced senescence and outcomes 1-week post-rmTBI using mice with a heterozygous knockout for BRCA1 in a sex-segregated manner. Altered BRCA1 repair with rmTBI resulted in altered anxiety-related behaviours in males and females using elevated zero maze and contextual fear conditioning. Evaluating molecular markers associated with DNA damage signalling and senescence-related pathways revealed sex-specific differences attributed to BRCA1, where females exhibited elevated DNA damage, impaired DNA damage signalling, and dampened senescence onset compared to males. Overall, the results from this study highlight sex-specific consequences of aberrant DNA repair on outcomes post-injury, and further support a need to develop sex-specific treatments following rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Leung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daria Taskina
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Schwab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Saleem B, Farooq U, Rehman OU, Aqeel M, Farooq MS, Naeem MK, Inam S, Ajmal W, Rahim AA, Chen M, Kalsoom R, Uzair M, Fiaz S, Attia K, Alafari HA, Khan MR, Yu G. Genome-wide and molecular characterization of the DNA replication helicase 2 ( DNA2) gene family in rice under drought and salt stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:1039548. [PMID: 36506305 PMCID: PMC9728955 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1039548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice plants experience various biotic (such as insect and pest attack) and abiotic (such as drought, salt, heat, and cold etc.) stresses during the growing season, resulting in DNA damage and the subsequent losses in rice production. DNA Replication Helicase/Nuclease2 (DNA2) is known to be involved in DNA replication and repair. In animals and yeast DNA2 are well characterized because it has the abilities of both helicase and nuclease, it plays a crucial role in DNA replication in the nucleus and mitochondrial genomes. However; they are not fully examined in plants due to less focused on plants damage repair. To fill this research gap, the current study focused on the genome-wide identification and characterization of OsDNA2 genes, along with analyses of their transcriptional expression, duplication, and phylogeny in rice. Overall, 17 OsDNA2 members were reported to be found on eight different chromosomes (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11). Among these chromosomes (Chr), Chr4 contained a maximum of six OsDNA2 genes. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the OsDNA2 gene members were clustered into three different groups. Furthermore, the conserved domains, gene structures, and cis-regulatory elements were systematically investigated. Gene duplication analysis revealed that OsDNA2_2 had an evolutionary relationship with OsDNA2_14, OsDNA2_5 with OsDNA2_6, and OsDNA2_1 with OsDNA2_8. Moreover, results showed that the conserved domain (AAA_11 superfamily) were present in the OsDNA2 genes, which belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily. In addition, to understand the post-transcriptional modification of OsDNA2 genes, miRNAs were predicted, where 653 miRNAs were reported to target 17 OsDNA2 genes. The results indicated that at the maximum, OsDNA2_1 and OsDNA2_4 were targeted by 74 miRNAs each, and OsDNA2_9 was less targeted (20 miRNAs). The three-dimensional (3D) structures of 17 OsDNA2 proteins were also predicted. Expression of OsDNA2 members was also carried out under drought and salt stresses, and conclusively their induction indicated the possible involvement of OsDNA2 in DNA repair under stress when compared with the control. Further studies are recommended to confirm where this study will offer valuable basic data on the functioning of DNA2 genes in rice and other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Saleem
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rehman
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Naeem
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Safeena Inam
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajya Ajmal
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Abdul Rahim
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Kalsoom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan,National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Uzair, ; Muhammad Ramzan Khan, ; Guoping Yu,
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Kotb Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat Ali Alafari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Uzair, ; Muhammad Ramzan Khan, ; Guoping Yu,
| | - Guoping Yu
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China,China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Uzair, ; Muhammad Ramzan Khan, ; Guoping Yu,
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5
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miR-3059-3p Regulates Glioblastoma Multiforme Radiosensitivity Enhancement through the Homologous Recombination Pathway of DNA Repair. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7250278. [PMID: 36185623 PMCID: PMC9519319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7250278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most deadly and recalcitrant illnesses of the neurocentral nervous system in humans. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and biological processes, including radiosensitivity. In this study, we demonstrated the relationship between miR-3059-3p and radiation in GBM. Materials and Methods Radioresistant (RR) cells were obtained by exposing GBM8401 cells to 80 Gy radiation in 20 weekly 4 Gy fractions. miR-3059-3p mRNA and DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) protein expressions were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Using flow cytometry, colony formation and apoptosis were identified using miR-3059-3p mimic, miR-3059-3p inhibitor, DNA2 siRNA, and DNA2 plasmid. Immunoblotting was used to detect DNA repair proteins. Results Low levels of miR-3059-3p and high levels of DNA2 were observed in RR cells. Colony formation and apoptosis assays revealed that miR-3059-3p targeted DNA2 to regulate radioresistance. Immunoblotting revealed that miR-3059-3p regulated the homologous recombination (HR) pathway (Rad51 and Rad52) but not the nonhomologous end joining pathway (ku70 and ku80). Conclusion Downregulation of DNA2 via miR-3059-3p enhanced the radiosensitivity of GBM cells through the inhibition of the HR pathway.
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6
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Mitchell C, Becker V, DeLoach J, Nestore E, Bolterstein E, Kohl KP. The Drosophila Mutagen-Sensitivity Gene mus109 Encodes DmDNA2. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020312. [PMID: 35205357 PMCID: PMC8872385 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of mutants through forward genetic screens is the backbone of Drosophila genetics research, yet many mutants identified through these screens have yet to be mapped to the Drosophila genome. This is especially true of mutants that have been identified as mutagen-sensitive (mus), but have not yet been mapped to their associated molecular locus. Our study addressed the need for additional mus gene identification by determining the locus and exploring the function of the X-linked mutagen-sensitive gene mus109 using three available mutant alleles: mus109D1, mus109D2, and mus109lS. After first confirming that all three mus109 alleles were sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) using complementation analysis, we used deletion mapping to narrow the candidate genes for mus109. Through DNA sequencing, we were able to determine that mus109 is the uncharacterized gene CG2990, which encodes the Drosophila ortholog of the highly conserved DNA2 protein that is important for DNA replication and repair. We further used the sequence and structure of DNA2 to predict the impact of the mus109 allele mutations on the final gene product. Together, these results provide a tool for researchers to further investigate the role of DNA2 in DNA repair processes in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Mitchell
- Biology Department, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (C.M.); (J.D.); (E.N.)
| | - Vada Becker
- Biology Department, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (V.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Jordan DeLoach
- Biology Department, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (C.M.); (J.D.); (E.N.)
| | - Erica Nestore
- Biology Department, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (C.M.); (J.D.); (E.N.)
| | - Elyse Bolterstein
- Biology Department, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (V.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Kathryn P. Kohl
- Biology Department, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (C.M.); (J.D.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Tamura Y, Ohhata T, Niida H, Sakai S, Uchida C, Masumoto K, Katou F, Wutz A, Kitagawa M. Homologous recombination is reduced in female embryonic stem cells by two active X chromosomes. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52190. [PMID: 34309165 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivation of X-linked genes is observed in some primary breast tumors. Two active X chromosomes are also observed in female embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but whether double doses of X-linked genes affect DNA repair efficiency remains unclear. Here, we establish isogenic female/male ESCs and show that the female ESCs are more sensitive to camptothecin and have lower gene targeting efficiency than male ESCs, suggesting that homologous recombination (HR) efficiency is reduced in female ESCs. We also generate Xist-inducible female ESCs and show that the lower HR efficiency is restored when X chromosome inactivation is induced. Finally, we assess the X-linked genes with a role in DNA repair and find that Brcc3 is one of the genes involved in a network promoting proper HR. Our findings link the double doses of X-linked genes with lower DNA repair activity, and this may have relevance for common diseases in female patients, such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohhata
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Niida
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chiharu Uchida
- Advanced Research Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuma Masumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Fuminori Katou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Anton Wutz
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masatoshi Kitagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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8
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Fijen C, Rothenberg E. The evolving complexity of DNA damage foci: RNA, condensates and chromatin in DNA double-strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103170. [PMID: 34256335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Formation of biomolecular condensates is increasingly recognized as a mechanism employed by cells to deal with stress and to optimize enzymatic reactions. Recent studies have characterized several DNA repair foci as phase-separated condensates, behaving like liquid droplets. Concomitantly, the apparent importance of long non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins for the repair of double-strand breaks has raised many questions about their exact contribution to the repair process. Here we discuss how RNA molecules can participate in condensate formation and how RNA-binding proteins can act as molecular scaffolds. We furthermore summarize our current knowledge about how properties of condensates can influence the choice of repair pathway (homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining) and identify the open questions in this field of emerging importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel Fijen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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9
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Up-regulation of DNA2 results in cell proliferation and migration in endometriosis. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:741-749. [PMID: 34047877 PMCID: PMC8324585 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggests that women with advanced endometriosis exhibit alterations in the expression of genes in the endometrium compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, replication stress is a characteristic feature of cancer cells, which results from sustained proliferative signaling induced by either the activation of oncogenes or the loss of tumor suppressors. In the present study, we propose that DNA replication ATP-dependent helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) might be upregulated in endometriosis. Immunohistochemical staining results confirmed the hypothesis that DNA2 is overexpressed in the eutopic/ectopic endometrium compared to that in a control endometrium from a healthy donor. Subsequently, ectopic endometrium-derived endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) showed the highest level of DNA2 and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), as well as the strongest proliferation and migration capabilities, followed by eutopic endometrium-derived EMSCs, and then control EMSCs. To further analyze the function of DNA2, we knocked-down DNA2 expression in KLE cells. As expected, proliferation and migration declined when cells were transfected with DNA2 small interfering RNA. Taken together, our study demonstrated the overexpression of DNA2 in human endometriosis, which might be responsible for the upregulated cell proliferation and migration. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying human endometriosis.
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10
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Orth M, Albrecht V, Seidl K, Kinzel L, Unger K, Hess J, Kreutzer L, Sun N, Stegen B, Nieto A, Maas J, Winssinger N, Friedl AA, Walch AK, Belka C, Zitzelsberger H, Niyazi M, Lauber K. Inhibition of HSP90 as a Strategy to Radiosensitize Glioblastoma: Targeting the DNA Damage Response and Beyond. Front Oncol 2021; 11:612354. [PMID: 33816244 PMCID: PMC8011354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.612354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential component of multi-modality treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). However, treatment failure and recurrence are frequent and give rise to the dismal prognosis of this aggressive type of primary brain tumor. A high level of inherent treatment resistance is considered to be the major underlying reason, stemming from constantly activated DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms as a consequence of oncogene overexpression, persistent replicative stress, and other so far unknown reasons. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of treatment resistance, since it crucially assists the folding and stabilization of various DDR regulators. Accordingly, inhibition of HSP90 represents a multi-target strategy to interfere with DDR function and to sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. Using NW457, a pochoxime-based HSP90 inhibitor with favorable brain pharmacokinetic profile, we show here that HSP90 inhibition at low concentrations with per se limited cytotoxicity leads to downregulation of various DNA damage response factors on the protein level, distinct transcriptomic alterations, impaired DNA damage repair, and reduced clonogenic survival in response to ionizing irradiation in glioblastoma cells in vitro. In vivo, HSP90 inhibition by NW457 improved the therapeutic outcome of fractionated CBCT-based irradiation in an orthotopic, syngeneic GBM mouse model, both in terms of tumor progression and survival. Nevertheless, in view of the promising in vitro results the in vivo efficacy was not as strong as expected, although apart from the radiosensitizing effects HSP90 inhibition also reduced irradiation-induced GBM cell migration and tumor invasiveness. Hence, our findings identify the combination of HSP90 inhibition and radiotherapy in principle as a promising strategy for GBM treatment whose performance needs to be further optimized by improved inhibitor substances, better formulations and/or administration routes, and fine-tuned treatment sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Albrecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Seidl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Kinzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Kreutzer
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Maas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel K Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Yan X, Stuurman N, Ribeiro SA, Tanenbaum ME, Horlbeck MA, Liem CR, Jost M, Weissman JS, Vale RD. High-content imaging-based pooled CRISPR screens in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211696. [PMID: 33465779 PMCID: PMC7821101 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based gene inactivation provides a powerful means for linking genes to particular cellular phenotypes. CRISPR-based screening typically uses large genomic pools of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). However, this approach is limited to phenotypes that can be enriched by chemical selection or FACS sorting. Here, we developed a microscopy-based approach, which we name optical enrichment, to select cells displaying a particular CRISPR-induced phenotype by automated imaging-based computation, mark them by photoactivation of an expressed photoactivatable fluorescent protein, and then isolate the fluorescent cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). A plugin was developed for the open source software μManager to automate the phenotypic identification and photoactivation of cells, allowing ∼1.5 million individual cells to be screened in 8 h. We used this approach to screen 6,092 sgRNAs targeting 544 genes for their effects on nuclear size regulation and identified 14 bona fide hits. These results present a scalable approach to facilitate imaging-based pooled CRISPR screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nico Stuurman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susana A. Ribeiro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Cairn Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, CA
| | - Marvin E. Tanenbaum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Max A. Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christina R. Liem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan S. Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ronald D. Vale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA,Correspondence to Ronald D. Vale:
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12
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Dhoonmoon A, Schleicher EM, Clements KE, Nicolae CM, Moldovan GL. Genome-wide CRISPR synthetic lethality screen identifies a role for the ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP14 in DNA replication dynamics controlled by ATR. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7252-7264. [PMID: 32542389 PMCID: PMC7367200 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response is essential to maintain genomic stability, suppress replication stress, and protect against carcinogenesis. The ATR-CHK1 pathway is an essential component of this response, which regulates cell cycle progression in the face of replication stress. PARP14 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase with multiple roles in transcription, signaling, and DNA repair. To understand the biological functions of PARP14, we catalogued the genetic components that impact cellular viability upon loss of PARP14 by performing an unbiased, comprehensive, genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screen in PARP14-deficient cells. We uncovered the ATR-CHK1 pathway as essential for viability of PARP14-deficient cells, and identified regulation of DNA replication dynamics as an important mechanistic contributor to the synthetic lethality observed. Our work shows that PARP14 is an important modulator of the response to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Dhoonmoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Emily M Schleicher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kristen E Clements
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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13
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Lodovichi S, Cervelli T, Pellicioli A, Galli A. Inhibition of DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy: Toward a Multi-Target Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6684. [PMID: 32932697 PMCID: PMC7554826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA repair pathways are one of the main drivers of cancer insurgence. Nevertheless, cancer cells are more susceptible to DNA damage than normal cells and they rely on specific functional repair pathways to survive. Thanks to advances in genome sequencing, we now have a better idea of which genes are mutated in specific cancers and this prompted the development of inhibitors targeting DNA repair players involved in pathways essential for cancer cells survival. Currently, the pivotal concept is that combining the inhibition of mechanisms on which cancer cells viability depends is the most promising way to treat tumorigenesis. Numerous inhibitors have been developed and for many of them, efficacy has been demonstrated either alone or in combination with chemo or radiotherapy. In this review, we will analyze the principal pathways involved in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair focusing on how their alterations could predispose to cancer, then we will explore the inhibitors developed or in development specifically targeting different proteins involved in each pathway, underscoring the rationale behind their usage and how their combination and/or exploitation as adjuvants to classic therapies could help in patients clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- Bioscience Department, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Achille Pellicioli
- Bioscience Department, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy;
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14
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Charaka V, Tiwari A, Pandita RK, Hunt CR, Pandita TK. Role of HP1β during spermatogenesis and DNA replication. Chromosoma 2020; 129:215-226. [PMID: 32651609 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1β (HP1β), encoded by the Cbx1 gene, has been functionally linked to chromatin condensation, transcriptional regulation, and DNA damage repair. Here we report that testis-specific Cbx1 conditional knockout (Cbx1 cKO) impairs male germ cell development in mice. Depletion of HP1β negatively affected sperm maturation and increased seminiferous tubule degeneration in Cbx1 cKO mice. In addition, the spermatogonia have elevated γ-H2AX foci levels as do Cbx1 deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as compared to wild-type (WT) control MEFs. The increase in γ-H2AX foci in proliferating Cbx1 cKO cells indicates defective replication-dependent DNA damage repair. Depletion or loss of HP1β from human cells and MEFs increased DNA replication fork stalling and firing of new origins of replication, indicating defective DNA synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that loss of HP1β in proliferating cells leads to DNA replication defects with associated DNA damage that impact spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Charaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anjana Tiwari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Raj K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clayton R Hunt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060467. [PMID: 32545729 PMCID: PMC7350329 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) by external agents can result in DNA fragments entering the cytoplasm and activating innate immune signaling pathways, including the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The consequences of this activation can result in alterations in the cell cycle including the induction of cellular senescence, as well as boost the adaptive immune response following interferon production. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents in a host of human cancers including cervical and oropharyngeal; HPV are responsible for around 5% of all cancers. During infection, HPV replication activates the DDR in order to promote the viral life cycle. A striking feature of HPV-infected cells is their ability to continue to proliferate in the presence of an active DDR. Simultaneously, HPV suppress the innate immune response using a number of different mechanisms. The activation of the DDR and suppression of the innate immune response are essential for the progression of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe the mechanisms HPV use to turn on the DDR, while simultaneously suppressing the innate immune response. Pushing HPV from this fine line and tipping the balance towards activation of the innate immune response would be therapeutically beneficial.
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16
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Advances in DNA Repair-Emerging Players in the Arena of Eukaryotic DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113934. [PMID: 32486270 PMCID: PMC7313471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA is constantly damaged by factors produced during natural metabolic processes as well as agents coming from the external environment. Considering such a wide array of damaging agents, eukaryotic cells have evolved a DNA damage response (DRR) that opposes the influence of deleterious factors. Despite the broad knowledge regarding DNA damage and repair, new areas of research are emerging. New players in the field of DDR are constantly being discovered. The aim of this study is to review current knowledge regarding the roles of sirtuins, heat shock proteins, long-noncoding RNAs and the circadian clock in DDR and distinguish new agents that may have a prominent role in DNA damage response and repair.
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17
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Varisli L, Cen O, Vlahopoulos S. Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: interference with inflammatory signaling pathways. Immunology 2020; 159:257-278. [PMID: 31782148 PMCID: PMC7011648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquines are 4-aminoquinoline-based drugs mainly used to treat malaria. At pharmacological concentrations, they have significant effects on tissue homeostasis, targeting diverse signaling pathways in mammalian cells. A key target pathway is autophagy, which regulates macromolecule turnover in the cell. In addition to affecting cellular metabolism and bioenergetic flow equilibrium, autophagy plays a pivotal role at the interface between inflammation and cancer progression. Chloroquines consequently have critical effects in tissue metabolic activity and importantly, in key functions of the immune system. In this article, we will review the work addressing the role of chloroquines in the homeostasis of mammalian tissue, and the potential strengths and weaknesses concerning their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Union of Education and Science Workers (EGITIM SEN), Diyarbakir Branch, Diyarbakir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Osman Cen
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Joliet Jr College, Joliet, IL, USA
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Pilzecker B, Buoninfante OA, Jacobs H. DNA damage tolerance in stem cells, ageing, mutagenesis, disease and cancer therapy. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7163-7181. [PMID: 31251805 PMCID: PMC6698745 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response network guards the stability of the genome from a plethora of exogenous and endogenous insults. An essential feature of the DNA damage response network is its capacity to tolerate DNA damage and structural impediments during DNA synthesis. This capacity, referred to as DNA damage tolerance (DDT), contributes to replication fork progression and stability in the presence of blocking structures or DNA lesions. Defective DDT can lead to a prolonged fork arrest and eventually cumulate in a fork collapse that involves the formation of DNA double strand breaks. Four principal modes of DDT have been distinguished: translesion synthesis, fork reversal, template switching and repriming. All DDT modes warrant continuation of replication through bypassing the fork stalling impediment or repriming downstream of the impediment in combination with filling of the single-stranded DNA gaps. In this way, DDT prevents secondary DNA damage and critically contributes to genome stability and cellular fitness. DDT plays a key role in mutagenesis, stem cell maintenance, ageing and the prevention of cancer. This review provides an overview of the role of DDT in these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Pilzecker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olimpia Alessandra Buoninfante
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Li R, Liu Y, Wang T, Tang J, Xie L, Yao Z, Li K, Liao Y, Zhou L, Geng Z, Huang Z, Yang Z, Han L. The characteristics of lung cancer in Xuanwei County: A review of differentially expressed genes and noncoding RNAs on cell proliferation and migration. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109312. [PMID: 31518876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of lung cancers is the highest in Xuanwei County, Yunnan province, China, especially among nonsmoking women. Domestic combustion of smoky coal induces serious indoor air pollution and is considered to be the main cause of human lung cancers. The occurrence of lung cancer in Xuanwei County has unique characteristics, such as the high morbidity in nonsmoking women or people with no family history. In the present review, we summarize advances in identification of differentially expressed genes, regulatory lncRNAs and miRNAs in cell proliferation and migration of lung cancers in Xuanwei County. Moreover, several regulatory differentially expressed genes (DEGs) or noncoding RNAs have diagnostic and prognostic significance for lung cancers in Xuanwei County and have the potential to serve as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Tiying Wang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Jiadai Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Zhihong Yao
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Kechen Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Zhenqin Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Zeyong Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China.
| | - Lei Han
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
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20
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) acts as a DNA damage sensor. It recognizes DNA damage and facilitates DNA repair by recruiting DNA repair machinery to damage sites. Recent studies reported that PARP-1 also plays an important role in DNA replication by recognizing the unligated Okazaki fragments and controlling the speed of fork elongation. On the other hand, emerging evidence reveals that excessive activation of PARP-1 causes chromatin DNA fragmentation and triggers an intrinsic PARP-1-dependent cell death program designated parthanatos, which can be blocked by genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1. Therefore, PARP-1 plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability by either facilitating DNA repair/replication or triggering DNA fragmentation to kill cells. A group of structure-specific nucleases is crucial for executing DNA incision and fragmentation following PARP-1 activation. In this review, we will discuss how PARP-1 coordinates with its associated nucleases to maintain genomic integrity and control the decision of cell life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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21
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Shishkin SS, Kovalev LI, Pashintseva NV, Kovaleva MA, Lisitskaya K. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins Involved in the Functioning of Telomeres in Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030745. [PMID: 30744200 PMCID: PMC6387250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are structurally and functionally distinct proteins containing specific domains and motifs that enable the proteins to bind certain nucleotide sequences, particularly those found in human telomeres. In human malignant cells (HMCs), hnRNP-A1-the most studied hnRNP-is an abundant multifunctional protein that interacts with telomeric DNA and affects telomerase function. In addition, it is believed that other hnRNPs in HMCs may also be involved in the maintenance of telomere length. Accordingly, these proteins are considered possible participants in the processes associated with HMC immortalization. In our review, we discuss the results of studies on different hnRNPs that may be crucial to solving molecular oncological problems and relevant to further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Shishkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leonid I Kovalev
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalya V Pashintseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kovaleva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ksenia Lisitskaya
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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22
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DNA Injury and Repair Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071902. [PMID: 29958460 PMCID: PMC6073218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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23
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Jia PP, Junaid M, Ma YB, Ahmad F, Jia YF, Li WG, Pei DS. Role of human DNA2 (hDNA2) as a potential target for cancer and other diseases: A systematic review. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 59:9-19. [PMID: 28903076 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA nuclease/helicase 2 (DNA2), a multi-functional protein protecting the high fidelity of genomic transmission, plays critical roles in DNA replication and repair processes. In the maturation of Okazaki fragments, DNA2 acts synergistically with other enzymes to cleave the DNA-RNA primer flaps via different pathways. DNA2 is also involved in the stability of mitochondrial DNA and the maintenance of telomeres. Moreover, DNA2 potentially participates in controlling the cell cycle by repairing the DNA replication faults at main checkpoints. In addition, previous evidences demonstrated that DNA2 also functions in the repair process of DNA damages, such as base excision repair (BER). Currently, large studies revealed the structures and functions of DNA2 in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, such as bacteria and yeast. However, the studies that highlighted the functions of human DNA2 (hDNA2) and the relationships with other multifunctional proteins are still elusive, and more precise investigations are immensely needed. Therefore, this review mainly encompasses the key functions of DNA2 in human cells with various aspects, especially focusing on the genome integrity, and also generalizes the recent insights to the mechanisms related to the occurrence of cancer and other diseases potentially linked to the mutations in DNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Fang Jia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China.
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