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Padovani A, Caratozzolo S, Benussi A, Galli A, Rozzini L, Cosseddu M, Turrone R, Pilotto A. Vortioxetine Treatment for Depression in Patients with Prodromal vs Mild Alzheimer's Disease: A Six-Month, Open-Label, Observational Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:375-381. [PMID: 38374744 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are common in Alzheimer disease (AD) from the prodromal stage. The benefits of antidepressants have been investigated in patients with AD dementia with mixed results. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vortioxetine in prodromal and mild-to-moderate AD patients with depression, and to assess the comparative effect on secondary measures, including behavioral disturbances, cognitive function, and activities of daily living. PARTICIPANTS All subjects with AD at a single-center dementia center underwent a standard evaluation with mini-mental state examination (MMSE), basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL), geriatric depression scale (GDS), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and clinical evaluation every six months. MEASUREMENTS The study specifically assessed patients on vortioxetine with available six-month follow-up data. The changes in GDS, NPI, MMSE, BADL/IADL at six months in the entire AD population and mild-to-moderate AD vs prodromal population were analyzed using repeated measure multivariate analyses. Linear regression analyses were implemented to evaluate baseline demographics and clinical characteristics associated with depressive and cognitive improvements at six months. RESULTS Out of 680 AD patients, 115 were treated with vortioxetine, and 89 with six-month follow-up data were included in the analyses. A significant improvement at follow-up was observed for GDS, NPI total and sub score items (mood, anxiety, apathy, sleep disturbances, eating abnormalities). Both mild-to-moderate and prodromal AD showed a positive GDS response, whereas mild-to-moderate AD showed a better improvement on total NPI and apathy/nighttime behaviors subitems compared to prodromal AD. Higher baseline GDS score was the only variable associated with higher responses in linear regression analyses. MMSE showed a significant improvement at six months in the entire cohort, with a greater effect in prodromal vs mild-to-moderate AD. Cognitive improvement (i.e., MMSE changes) was associated with cognitive status at baseline but independent of the antidepressant/behavioral changes (i.e., GDS/NPI). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that vortioxetine is highly tolerable and clinically effective in both prodromal and mild-to-moderate AD with depression. Patients with mild-to-moderate AD benefited more from a wide range of behavioral disturbances. The study also showed significant improvement in global cognitive measures, especially in prodromal AD subjects. Further studies are needed to investigate the independent beneficial effect of vortioxetine on depression and cognition in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Padovani
- Alessandro Padovani, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy, Piazzale Spedali CIvili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy, , Tel: +390303995632
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Lavilla-Puerta M, Latter R, Bellè F, Cervelli T, Galli A, Perata P, Chini A, Flashman E, Giuntoli B. Identification of novel plant cysteine oxidase inhibitors from a yeast chemical genetic screen. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105366. [PMID: 37863264 PMCID: PMC10692734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic responses in plants involve Plant Cysteine Oxidases (PCOs). They catalyze the N-terminal cysteine oxidation of Ethylene Response Factors VII (ERF-VII) in an oxygen-dependent manner, leading to their degradation via the cysteine N-degron pathway (Cys-NDP) in normoxia. In hypoxia, PCO activity drops, leading to the stabilization of ERF-VIIs and subsequent hypoxic gene upregulation. Thus far, no chemicals have been described to specifically inhibit PCO enzymes. In this work, we devised an in vivo pipeline to discover Cys-NDP effector molecules. Budding yeast expressing AtPCO4 and plant-based ERF-VII reporters was deployed to screen a library of natural-like chemical scaffolds and was further combined with an Arabidopsis Cys-NDP reporter line. This strategy allowed us to identify three PCO inhibitors, two of which were shown to affect PCO activity in vitro. Application of these molecules to Arabidopsis seedlings led to an increase in ERF-VII stability, induction of anaerobic gene expression, and improvement of tolerance to anoxia. By combining a high-throughput heterologous platform and the plant model Arabidopsis, our synthetic pipeline provides a versatile system to study how the Cys-NDP is modulated. Its first application here led to the discovery of at least two hypoxia-mimicking molecules with the potential to impact plant tolerance to low oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Latter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Chini
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Plantlab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Biology Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Caccia M, Caglio S, Galli A. Objective interpretation of ultraviolet-induced luminescence for characterizing pictorial materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20240. [PMID: 37981654 PMCID: PMC10658075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-induced Luminescence (UVL) is the property of some materials of emitting light once illuminated by a source of UV radiation. This feature is characteristic of some mediums and pigments, such as some red lakes, widely used for the realisation of works of art. On the one hand, UVL represents a like strike for a researcher in the cultural heritage field: in fact, UVL allows to characterise the state of conservation of the paintings and, in some cases, to recognize at glance some of the materials used by the artists. On the other hand, the contribution of UVL to the study of the artefacts is almost always limited to qualitative observation, while any speculation about the cause of the luminescence emission relies on the observer's expertise. The aim of this paper is to overcome this paradigm, moving a step toward a more quantitative interpretation of the luminescence signal. The obtained results concern the case study of pictorial materials by Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo (1868-1907, Volpedo, AL, Italy) including his iconic masterpiece Quarto Stato (1889-1901), but the method has general validity and can be applied whenever the appropriate experimental conditions occur. Once designed an appropriate set-up, the statistical comparison between the acquisitions performed on Quarto Stato, on a palette belonged to the master, on drafts made by the author himself and on a set of ad hoc prepared samples both with commercial contemporary pigments and prepared with the traditional recipe, shed some light on which materials have been employed by the artist, where they have been applied and support some intriguing speculations on the use of the industrial lakes in the Quarto Stato painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caccia
- IBFM-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - S Caglio
- Dipartimento Di Scienza Dei Materiali, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Galli
- IBFM-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, MI, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienza Dei Materiali, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
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Aretini P, Presciuttini S, Pastore A, Galli A, Panepinto S, Tancredi M, Ghilli M, Guglielmi C, Sidoti D, Congregati C, Caligo MA. The BRCA1 c.4096+1G>A Is a Founder Variant Which Originated in Ancient Times. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15507. [PMID: 37958491 PMCID: PMC10648645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30-50% of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is due to the presence of germline pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 (OMIM 113705) and BRCA2 (OMIM 600185) onco-suppressor genes, which are involved in DNA damage response. Women who carry pathogenic BRCA1 variants are particularly likely to develop breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC), with a 45-79 percent and 39-48 percent chance, respectively. The BRCA1 c.4096+1G>A variant has been frequently ascertained in Tuscany, Italy, and it has also been detected in other Italian regions and other countries. Its pathogenetic status has been repeatedly changed from a variant of uncertain significance, to pathogenic, to likely pathogenic. In our study, 48 subjects (38 of whom are carriers) from 27 families were genotyped with the Illumina OncoArray Infinium platform (533,531 SNPs); a 20 Mb region (24.6 cM) around BRCA1, including 4130 SNPs (21 inside BRCA1) was selected for haplotype analysis. We used a phylogenetic method to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of BRCA1 c.4096+1G>A founder pathogenic variant. This analysis suggests that the MRCA lived about 155 generations ago-around 3000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Aretini
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Silvano Presciuttini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Aldo Pastore
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy;
- Laboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Sara Panepinto
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Mariella Tancredi
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Matteo Ghilli
- Breast Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Guglielmi
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Diletta Sidoti
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Caterina Congregati
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (M.T.); (C.G.); (D.S.)
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5
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Bianchin G, Palma S, Polizzi V, Kaleci S, Stagi P, Cappai M, Baiocchi MP, Benincasa P, Brandolini C, Casadio L, Di Sarro S, Farneti D, Galli A, Ghiselli S, Iadicicco P, Landuzzi E, Limarzo M, Locatelli C, Murri A, Nanni L, Rozzi E, Sandri F, Saponaro A, Zanotti S, Zarro N, Zucchini E, Ciorba A, Genovese E. A regional-based newborn hearing screening program: the Emilia-Romagna model after ten years of legislation. Ann Ig 2023; 35:297-307. [PMID: 35861691 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Hearing loss, occurring in 1-3/1,000 newborns in the well-babies population, is one of the most common congenital diseases, and hearing screening at birth still represents the only means for its early detection. Since 2011 the Emilia Romagna Regional Health Agency has recommended Newborn Hearing Screening for all babies at its birth points and for newborns moving to the region. The aims of this study are to analyze the results of this regional-based Newborn Hearing Screening program and to discuss the impact of the legislative endorsement on the organization. Material and methods This is an observational retrospective chart study. The recordings of well-babies and babies at Neonatal Intensive Care Units were collected during the period from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2020. The following data were included: Newborn Hearing Screening coverage, percentage of refer at otoacoustic emissions, prevalence and entity of hearing loss, unilateral/bilateral rate, presence of audiological risk factors. Results More than 99% of a total of 198,396 newborns underwent the Newborn Hearing Screening test during the period January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2020, with a coverage ranging between 99.6% and 99.9%. Overall, the percentage of confirmed hearing loss cases was about 17-30 % of refer cases, 745 children received a diagnosis of hearing loss (prevalence 3.7/1,000). Considering profound hearing loss cases, these represent 13% of bilateral hearing loss. Conclusion A regional-based Newborn Hearing Screening program is valuable and cost-effective. In our experience, the centralization of the data system and of the data control is crucial in order to implement its efficiency and effectiveness. Healthcare policies, tracking systems and public awareness are decisive for a successful programme implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bianchin
- Department of Audiology, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Center for Clinical and Basic Research (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - S Palma
- Audiology, Primary Care Unit, AUSL, Modena, Italy
| | - V Polizzi
- Department of Audiology, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Center for Clinical and Basic Research (IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - S Kaleci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regen-erative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - P Stagi
- Mental Health Department, AUSL Toscana Centro, Empoli, Italy
| | - M Cappai
- General Direction for Health, Healthcare and Welfare, Emilia Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - M P Baiocchi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Service, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - P Benincasa
- ENT Unit, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi AUSL, Modena, Italy
| | - C Brandolini
- ENT and Audiology Unit, DIMES, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Casadio
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - S Di Sarro
- Mental Health Department AUSL Bologna, Italy
| | - D Farneti
- Audiologic Phoniatric Service, ENT Department, AUSL Romagna, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Service, Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - S Ghiselli
- ENT Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - P Iadicicco
- Audiology, SS Specialized Surgery ORL Faenza - UOC ORL Forlì-Faenza, Surgical Department ORL Forlì AUSL, Ro-magna, Italy
| | - E Landuzzi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Service, AUSL Bologna, Italy
| | - M Limarzo
- Department of Surgical Specialities, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - C Locatelli
- Neonatology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Murri
- ENT Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L Nanni
- Child Neuropsychiatry Service, Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy
| | - E Rozzi
- General Direction for Health, Healthcare and Welfare, Emilia Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Sandri
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Saponaro
- General Direction for Health, Healthcare and Welfare, Emilia Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Zanotti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Service, AUSL, Parma, Italy
| | - N Zarro
- ENT Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Zucchini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Service, AUSL Romagna, Imola, Italy
| | - A Ciorba
- ENT & Audiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Genovese
- Audiology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Brandt PC, Provornikova E, Bale SD, Cocoros A, DeMajistre R, Dialynas K, Elliott HA, Eriksson S, Fields B, Galli A, Hill ME, Horanyi M, Horbury T, Hunziker S, Kollmann P, Kinnison J, Fountain G, Krimigis SM, Kurth WS, Linsky J, Lisse CM, Mandt KE, Magnes W, McNutt RL, Miller J, Moebius E, Mostafavi P, Opher M, Paxton L, Plaschke F, Poppe AR, Roelof EC, Runyon K, Redfield S, Schwadron N, Sterken V, Swaczyna P, Szalay J, Turner D, Vannier H, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wurz P, Zirnstein EJ. Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe. Space Sci Rev 2023; 219:18. [PMID: 36874191 PMCID: PMC9974711 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A detailed overview of the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the heliospheric interaction with the largely unexplored Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) are provided along with predictions of with the scientific discoveries that await. The new measurements required to make progress in this expanding frontier of space physics are discussed and include in-situ plasma and pick-up ion measurements throughout the heliosheath, direct sampling of the VLISM properties such as elemental and isotopic composition, densities, flows, and temperatures of neutral gas, dust and plasma, and remote energetic neutral atom (ENA) and Lyman-alpha (LYA) imaging from vantage points that can uniquely discern the heliospheric shape and bring new information on the interaction with interstellar hydrogen. The implementation of a pragmatic Interstellar Probe mission with a nominal design life to reach 375 Astronomical Units (au) with likely operation out to 550 au are reported as a result of a 4-year NASA funded mission study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Brandt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - E. Provornikova
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - S. D. Bale
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - A. Cocoros
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - R. DeMajistre
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - K. Dialynas
- Office of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, 10679 Greece
| | | | - S. Eriksson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - B. Fields
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - A. Galli
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. E. Hill
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - M. Horanyi
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | | | - P. Kollmann
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - J. Kinnison
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - G. Fountain
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Office of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, 10679 Greece
| | | | - J. Linsky
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. M. Lisse
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - K. E. Mandt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - W. Magnes
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - R. L. McNutt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - E. Moebius
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - P. Mostafavi
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - M. Opher
- Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Paxton
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - F. Plaschke
- Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. R. Poppe
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - E. C. Roelof
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - K. Runyon
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Szalay
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - D. Turner
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | | | - P. Wurz
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Orsini S, Milillo A, Lichtenegger H, Varsani A, Barabash S, Livi S, De Angelis E, Alberti T, Laky G, Nilsson H, Phillips M, Aronica A, Kallio E, Wurz P, Olivieri A, Plainaki C, Slavin JA, Dandouras I, Raines JM, Benkhoff J, Zender J, Berthelier JJ, Dosa M, Ho GC, Killen RM, McKenna-Lawlor S, Torkar K, Vaisberg O, Allegrini F, Daglis IA, Dong C, Escoubet CP, Fatemi S, Fränz M, Ivanovski S, Krupp N, Lammer H, Leblanc F, Mangano V, Mura A, Rispoli R, Sarantos M, Smith HT, Wieser M, Camozzi F, Di Lellis AM, Fremuth G, Giner F, Gurnee R, Hayes J, Jeszenszky H, Trantham B, Balaz J, Baumjohann W, Cantatore M, Delcourt D, Delva M, Desai M, Fischer H, Galli A, Grande M, Holmström M, Horvath I, Hsieh KC, Jarvinen R, Johnson RE, Kazakov A, Kecskemety K, Krüger H, Kürbisch C, Leblanc F, Leichtfried M, Mangraviti E, Massetti S, Moissenko D, Moroni M, Noschese R, Nuccilli F, Paschalidis N, Ryno J, Seki K, Shestakov A, Shuvalov S, Sordini R, Stenbeck F, Svensson J, Szalai S, Szego K, Toublanc D, Vertolli N, Wallner R, Vorburger A. Inner southern magnetosphere observation of Mercury via SERENA ion sensors in BepiColombo mission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7390. [PMID: 36450728 PMCID: PMC9712576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury's southern inner magnetosphere is an unexplored region as it was not observed by earlier space missions. In October 2021, BepiColombo mission has passed through this region during its first Mercury flyby. Here, we describe the observations of SERENA ion sensors nearby and inside Mercury's magnetosphere. An intermittent high-energy signal, possibly due to an interplanetary magnetic flux rope, has been observed downstream Mercury, together with low energy solar wind. Low energy ions, possibly due to satellite outgassing, were detected outside the magnetosphere. The dayside magnetopause and bow-shock crossing were much closer to the planet than expected, signature of a highly eroded magnetosphere. Different ion populations have been observed inside the magnetosphere, like low latitude boundary layer at magnetopause inbound and partial ring current at dawn close to the planet. These observations are important for understanding the weak magnetosphere behavior so close to the Sun, revealing details never reached before.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orsini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy.
| | - A Milillo
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - H Lichtenegger
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - A Varsani
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - S Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - S Livi
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E De Angelis
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - T Alberti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - G Laky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - H Nilsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - M Phillips
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - A Aronica
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - E Kallio
- Aalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Wurz
- University of Bern, Institute of Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J A Slavin
- University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Dandouras
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J M Raines
- University of Michigan, Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - J Zender
- ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Dosa
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G C Ho
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - R M Killen
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | | | - K Torkar
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - O Vaisberg
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - I A Daglis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Space Center, Athens, Greece
| | - C Dong
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - S Fatemi
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Fränz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Ivanovski
- Astronomincal Observatory, INAF, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Lammer
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - V Mangano
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - A Mura
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - R Rispoli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - M Sarantos
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - H T Smith
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - M Wieser
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | | | | | - G Fremuth
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - F Giner
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - R Gurnee
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Hayes
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - H Jeszenszky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - B Trantham
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - J Balaz
- Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - W Baumjohann
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - M Delva
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - M Desai
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - H Fischer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Galli
- University of Bern, Institute of Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Grande
- Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
| | - M Holmström
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - I Horvath
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K C Hsieh
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Jarvinen
- Aalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R E Johnson
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - A Kazakov
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - K Kecskemety
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, MPS, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Kürbisch
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - M Leichtfried
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - S Massetti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - D Moissenko
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Moroni
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - R Noschese
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - F Nuccilli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - N Paschalidis
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - J Ryno
- Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Seki
- University of Tokyo, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Shestakov
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Shuvalov
- IKI Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Sordini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - F Stenbeck
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - J Svensson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - S Szalai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Szego
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Toublanc
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Vertolli
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - R Wallner
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - A Vorburger
- University of Bern, Institute of Physics, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Wojtecki L, Cont C, Trenado C, Rusch K, Galli A, Stute N, Schnitzler A. P 42 Pilot clinical and EEG-biomarker results of transcranial pulse stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cont C, Wojtecki L, Letho A, Stute N, Galli A, Schulte C, Cont C, Lehto A, Stute N, Galli A, Schulte C, Wojtecki L. P 50 The safety and feasibility of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson syndromes and medical refractory symptoms: a retrospective analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bellè F, Mercatanti A, Lodovichi S, Congregati C, Guglielmi C, Tancredi M, Caligo MA, Cervelli T, Galli A. Validation and Data-Integration of Yeast-Based Assays for Functional Classification of BRCA1 Missense Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074049. [PMID: 35409408 PMCID: PMC8999655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene have been reported to increase the lifetime risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer (BOC). By new sequencing technologies, numerous variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are identified. It is mandatory to develop new tools to evaluate their functional impact and pathogenicity. As the expression of pathogenic BRCA1 variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases the frequency of intra- and inter-chromosomal homologous recombination (HR), and gene reversion (GR), we validated the two HR and the GR assays by testing 23 benign and 23 pathogenic variants and compared the results with those that were obtained in the small colony phenotype (SCP) assay, an additional yeast-based assay, that was validated previously. We demonstrated that they scored high accuracy, sensitivity, and sensibility. By using a classifier that was based on majority of voting, we have integrated data from HR, GR, and SCP assays and developed a reliable method, named yBRCA1, with high sensitivity to obtain an accurate VUS functional classification (benign or pathogenic). The classification of BRCA1 variants, important for assessing the risk of developing BOC, is often difficult to establish with genetic methods because they occur rarely in the population. This study provides a new tool to get insights on the functional impact of the BRCA1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bellè
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (S.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Alberto Mercatanti
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (S.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (S.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Caterina Congregati
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Guglielmi
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mariella Tancredi
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (S.L.); (T.C.)
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (A.M.); (S.L.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (A.G.)
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11
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Galli A, Peri E, Rabotti C, Ouzounov S, Mischi M. Automatic optimization of multichannel electrode configurations for robust fetal heart rate detection by Blind Source Separation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 70:1196-1207. [PMID: 36201421 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3212587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal heart rate (fHR) evaluation is fundamental to guarantee timely medical intervention in case of pregnancy complications. Due to the limitations of traditional cardiotocography, multichannel electrophysiological recording was proposed as a viable alternative, which requires Blind Source Separation (BSS) techniques. Yet effective and reliable separation of the fetal ECG remains challenging due to multiple noise sources and the effects of varying fetal position. In this work, we demonstrate that the adopted electrode configuration plays a key role in the effectiveness of BSS and propose guidelines for optimal electrode positioning. Moreover, a model is proposed to automatically predict the most suited configuration for accurate BSS-based fHR estimation with a minimal number of leads, to facilitate practical implementation. METHODS We compared fHR estimation accuracy with different electrode configurations on in-silico data, identifying the optimal configuration for a recent BSS method. Based on features extracted from raw signals, we proposed a support vector regression model to automatically identify the best electrode configuration in terms of fHR estimation accuracy and to dynamically adjust it to varying fetal presentation. Evaluation was performed on real and synthetic data. RESULTS Guidelines for the optimal electrode configuration are proposed by using 4 leads. Prediction of configuration quality shows 80.9% accuracy; the optimal configurat- ion is recognized in 92.2% of the subjects. CONCLUSION The proposed method successfully predicts the quality of the configurations, demonstrating the impact of the electrode configuration on the BSS performance. SIGNIFICANCE The method holds potential for long-term fetal monitoring, by dynamically choosing the optimal configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Galli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Peri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C. Rabotti
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S. Ouzounov
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. Mischi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Comeglio P, Sarchielli E, Filippi S, Cellai I, Guarnieri G, Morelli A, Rastrelli G, Maseroli E, Cipriani S, Mello T, Galli A, Bruno BJ, Kim K, Vangara K, Papangkorn K, Chidambaram N, Patel MV, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Treatment potential of LPCN 1144 on liver health and metabolic regulation in a non-genomic, high fat diet induced NASH rabbit model. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2175-2193. [PMID: 33586025 PMCID: PMC8421272 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low free testosterone (T) level in men is independently associated with presence and severity of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). The histological and molecular effects of oral testosterone prodrug LPCN 1144 treatment on hepatic fibrosis and NASH features are unknown. A metabolic syndrome-induced NASH model in rabbits consuming high fat diet (HFD) has been previously used to assess treatment effects of injectable T on hepatic fibrosis and NASH features. Here we present results on LPCN 1144 in this HFD-induced, NASH preclinical model. METHODS Male rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: regular diet (RD), HFD, HFD + 1144 vehicle (HFD + Veh), HFD + 1144 (1144), and HFD + 1144 + α-tocopherol (1144 + ALPHA). Rabbits were sacrificed after 12 weeks for liver histological, biochemical and genetic analyses. Histological scores were obtained through Giemsa (inflammation), Masson's trichrome (steatosis and ballooning), and Picrosirius Red (fibrosis) staining. RESULTS Compared to RD, HFD and HFD + Veh significantly worsened NASH features and hepatic fibrosis. Considering HFD and HFD + Veh arms, histological and biomarker features were not significantly different. Both 1144 and 1144 + ALPHA arms improved mean histological scores of NASH as compared to HFD arm. Importantly, percentage of fibrosis was improved in both 1144 (p < 0.05) and 1144 + ALPHA (p = 0.05) treatment arms vs. HFD. Both treatment arms also reduced HFD-induced inflammation and fibrosis mRNA markers. Furthermore, 1144 treatments significantly improved HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS Histological and biomarker analyses demonstrate that LPCN 1144 improved HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis and NASH biochemical, biomolecular and histochemical features. These preclinical findings support a therapeutic potential of LPCN 1144 in the treatment of NASH and of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Comeglio
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - E Sarchielli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - I Cellai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Guarnieri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Morelli
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - E Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Cipriani
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - T Mello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - B J Bruno
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | - K Kim
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | - K Vangara
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | | | | | - M V Patel
- Lipocine Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84088, USA
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Rome, Italy.
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Guglielmi C, Scarpitta R, Gambino G, Conti E, Bellè F, Tancredi M, Cervelli T, Falaschi E, Cosini C, Aretini P, Congregati C, Marino M, Patruno M, Pilato B, Spina F, Balestrino L, Tenedini E, Carnevali I, Cortesi L, Tagliafico E, Tibiletti MG, Tommasi S, Ghilli M, Vivanet C, Galli A, Caligo MA. Detection of Germline Variants in 450 Breast/Ovarian Cancer Families with a Multi-Gene Panel Including Coding and Regulatory Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147693. [PMID: 34299313 PMCID: PMC8305371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progress of sequencing technologies, an ever-increasing number of variants of unknown functional and clinical significance (VUS) have been identified in both coding and non-coding regions of the main Breast Cancer (BC) predisposition genes. The aim of this study is to identify a mutational profile of coding and intron-exon junction regions of 12 moderate penetrance genes (ATM, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53) in a cohort of 450 Italian patients with Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, wild type for germline mutation in BRCA1/2 genes. The analysis was extended to 5′UTR and 3′UTR of all the genes listed above and to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 known regulatory regions in a subset of 120 patients. The screening was performed through NGS target resequencing on the Illumina platform MiSeq. 8.7% of the patients analyzed is carriers of class 5/4 coding variants in the ATM (3.6%), BRIP1 (1.6%), CHEK2 (1.8%), PALB2 (0.7%), RAD51C (0.4%), RAD51D (0.4%), and TP53 (0.2%) genes, while variants of uncertain pathological significance (VUSs)/class 3 were identified in 9.1% of the samples. In intron-exon junctions and in regulatory regions, variants were detected respectively in 5.1% and in 32.5% of the cases analyzed. The average age of disease onset of 44.4 in non-coding variant carriers is absolutely similar to the average age of disease onset in coding variant carriers for each proband’s group with the same cancer type. Furthermore, there is not a statistically significant difference in the proportion of cases with a tumor onset under age of 40 between the two groups, but the presence of multiple non-coding variants in the same patient may affect the aggressiveness of the tumor and it is worth underlining that 25% of patients with an aggressive tumor are carriers of a PTEN 3′UTR-variant. This data provides initial information on how important it might be to extend mutational screening to the regulatory regions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmi
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Gaetana Gambino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Conti
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Bellè
- Functional Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Mariella Tancredi
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Functional Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Falaschi
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Cosini
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Paolo Aretini
- Section of Oncological Genomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Congregati
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Marino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (E.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Margherita Patruno
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Francesca Spina
- SC Medical Genetics, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (F.S.); (L.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Luisa Balestrino
- SC Medical Genetics, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (F.S.); (L.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (E.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Ileana Carnevali
- Ospedale di Circolo ASST Settelaghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (I.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (E.T.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Matteo Ghilli
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Vivanet
- SC Medical Genetics, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (F.S.); (L.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Functional Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.A.C.)
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Nozza S, Ferrarese R, Poli A, Galli L, Sampaolo M, Bigoloni A, Galli A, Muccini C, Spagnuolo V, Lazzarin A, Clementi M, Mancini N, Castagna A. Analysis of the faecal microbiome during analytical treatment interruption in people with chronic HIV infection and long-lasting virological suppression (APACHE study). J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2700-2702. [PMID: 32542322 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Nozza
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R Ferrarese
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Poli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Galli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Sampaolo
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bigoloni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Galli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Muccini
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - V Spagnuolo
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lazzarin
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Clementi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - N Mancini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Castagna
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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15
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Maseroli E, Comeglio P, Corno C, Cellai I, Filippi S, Mello T, Galli A, Rapizzi E, Presenti L, Truglia MC, Lotti F, Facchiano E, Beltrame B, Lucchese M, Saad F, Rastrelli G, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Testosterone treatment is associated with reduced adipose tissue dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese hypogonadal men. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:819-842. [PMID: 32772323 PMCID: PMC7946690 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In both preclinical and clinical settings, testosterone treatment (TTh) of hypogonadism has shown beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and visceral and liver fat accumulation. This prospective, observational study was aimed at assessing the change in markers of fat and liver functioning in obese men scheduled for bariatric surgery. METHODS Hypogonadal patients with consistent symptoms (n = 15) undergoing 27.63 ± 3.64 weeks of TTh were compared to untreated eugonadal (n = 17) or asymptomatic hypogonadal (n = 46) men. A cross-sectional analysis among the different groups was also performed, especially for data derived from liver and fat biopsies. Preadipocytes isolated from adipose tissue biopsies were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity, adipogenic potential and mitochondrial function. NAFLD was evaluated by triglyceride assay and by calculating NAFLD activity score in liver biopsies. RESULTS In TTh-hypogonadal men, histopathological NAFLD activity and steatosis scores, as well as liver triglyceride content were lower than in untreated-hypogonadal men and comparable to eugonadal ones. TTh was also associated with a favorable hepatic expression of lipid handling-related genes. In visceral adipose tissue and preadipocytes, TTh was associated with an increased expression of lipid catabolism and mitochondrial bio-functionality markers. Preadipocytes from TTh men also exhibited a healthier morpho-functional phenotype of mitochondria and higher insulin-sensitivity compared to untreated-hypogonadal ones. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that TTh in severely obese, hypogonadal individuals induces metabolically healthier preadipocytes, improving insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial functioning and lipid handling. A potentially protective role for testosterone on the progression of NAFLD, improving hepatic steatosis and reducing intrahepatic triglyceride content, was also envisaged. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02248467, September 25th 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - P Comeglio
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - C Corno
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - I Cellai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - T Mello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - E Rapizzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L Presenti
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - M C Truglia
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - F Lotti
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - E Facchiano
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - B Beltrame
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - M Lucchese
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - F Saad
- Medical Affairs, Bayer AG, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee 1, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - G Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy.
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Fuselier SA, Dayeh MA, Galli A, Funsten HO, Schwadron NA, Petrinec SM, Trattner KJ, McComas DJ, Burch JL, Toledo‐Redondo S, Szalay JR, Strangeway RJ. Neutral Atom Imaging of the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Exosphere Interaction Near the Subsolar Magnetopause. Geophys Res Lett 2020; 47:e2020GL089362. [PMID: 33380756 PMCID: PMC7757190 DOI: 10.1029/2020gl089362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) created by charge-exchange of ions with the Earth's hydrogen exosphere near the subsolar magnetopause yield information on the distribution of plasma in the outer magnetosphere and magnetosheath. ENA observations from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) are used to image magnetosheath plasma and, for the first time, low-energy magnetospheric plasma near the magnetopause. These images show that magnetosheath plasma is distributed fairly evenly near the subsolar magnetopause; however, low-energy magnetospheric plasma is not distributed evenly in the outer magnetosphere. Simultaneous images and in situ observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft from November 2015 (during the solar cycle declining phase) are used to derive the exospheric density. The ~11-17 cm-3 density at 10 RE is similar to that obtained previously for solar minimum. Thus, these combined results indicate that the exospheric density 10 RE from the Earth may have a weak dependence on solar cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Fuselier
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - M. A. Dayeh
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - A. Galli
- Physics InstituteUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | | | - S. M. Petrinec
- Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology CenterPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - K. J. Trattner
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - D. J. McComas
- Department of Astrophysical SciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | - J. L. Burch
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - S. Toledo‐Redondo
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Department of Electromagnetism and ElectronicsUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - J. R. Szalay
- Department of Astrophysical SciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | - R. J. Strangeway
- Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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Lodovichi S, Cervelli T, Pellicioli A, Galli A. Inhibition of DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy: Toward a Multi-Target Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6684. [PMID: 32932697 PMCID: PMC7554826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA repair pathways are one of the main drivers of cancer insurgence. Nevertheless, cancer cells are more susceptible to DNA damage than normal cells and they rely on specific functional repair pathways to survive. Thanks to advances in genome sequencing, we now have a better idea of which genes are mutated in specific cancers and this prompted the development of inhibitors targeting DNA repair players involved in pathways essential for cancer cells survival. Currently, the pivotal concept is that combining the inhibition of mechanisms on which cancer cells viability depends is the most promising way to treat tumorigenesis. Numerous inhibitors have been developed and for many of them, efficacy has been demonstrated either alone or in combination with chemo or radiotherapy. In this review, we will analyze the principal pathways involved in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair focusing on how their alterations could predispose to cancer, then we will explore the inhibitors developed or in development specifically targeting different proteins involved in each pathway, underscoring the rationale behind their usage and how their combination and/or exploitation as adjuvants to classic therapies could help in patients clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- Bioscience Department, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Achille Pellicioli
- Bioscience Department, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy;
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Galli A, Lippolis M, Barbolini E, Belmonte M, Ambrosini F, Gherbesi E, Chierchia GB, De Asmundis C, Lombardi F. P951Autonomic nervous function and excitability of the accessory pathway in pediatric patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White ECG. Europace 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa162.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Abrupt loss of preexcitation identifies low-risk Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW). We hypothesize that the autonomous nervous system (ANS) modulates the conduction of the accessory pathway (AP).
PURPOSE
To compare heart rate variability (HRV) in children with (WPWi) and without (WPWp) intermittent preexcitation.
METHODS
The study conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki.
18 WPW children and controls performed ECG Holter for HRV analysis. Intermittent preexcitation was defined as abrupt loss of WPW pattern. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirmed normal distribution of data. T-test and Fisher"s exact test were used for continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate regression excluded the effect of potential confounders (figure 1 shows correlation between HRV and HR).
RESULTS
WPWi (11/18, 61.1%) have higher HRV as compared with WPWp. Despite WPWp patients are younger, with higher HR, corrected multivariate analysis confirmed significant differences (table 1), also between WPW patients and controls.
CONCLUSIONS
WPW patients have lower HRV. WPWp may have worst autonomic control to the excitability of AP.
Table 1 WPW (n = 18)A WPWi (n = 11)B WPWp (n = 7)C Controls (n = 18)D P value A vs. D P value B vs. C P value B vs. D P valueC vs. D Age 7.6 ± 4 10.1 ± 4.2 4.1 ± 2.9 7.8 ± 4.7 0.9 <0.01 0.1 0.03 24 hours mean HR 92.8 ± 15.9 81.1 ± 11.2 104.9 ± 12.6 90.3 ± 16.5 0.7 <0.01 0.03 0.07 pNN50 20 ± 11.4 30.5 ± 11.8 14.7 ± 9.9 24.3 ± 13.4 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 RMSSD 53 ± 19.1 68.8 ± 21.4 44.6 ± 14.7 59.4 ± 22.2 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 ASDNN 64.9 ± 21.1 78.4 ± 20.7 48.8 ± 11.8 66.9 ± 22.9 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 SDANN 108.2 ± 39.8 127.9 ± 36 77.5 ± 16.9 108.3 ± 38.8 <0.001 <0.01 <0.001 <0.01 VLF 7.4 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 0.4 6.9 ± 0.5 7.5 ± 0.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 LF 6.8 ± 0.8 7.3 ± 0.4 6.4 ± 0.4 6.9 ± 0.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 HF 6.6 ± 0.8 7.1 ± 0.7 6.2 ± 0.6 6.7 ± 0.8 <0.001 <0.01 <0.001 <0.01 LF/HF 1.4 ± 0.8 1.4 ± 0.7 1.4 ± 0.6 1.4 ± 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.05 0.7 VarIndex% 4.8 ± 1.4 5.8 ± 1.2 4.4 ± 1.4 5.3 ± 1.4 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Total Power 8.2 ± 0.7 8.6 ± 0.4 7.8 ± 0.4 8.3 ± 0.6 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Frequent SVB 2 (11%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (14%) 0 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.3 SVT 1 (5.6%) 1 (9.1%) 0 0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. P values from multivariate analysis and t-test for age and HR. HR: heart rate; WPWi: intermittent preexcitation; WPWp: persistent preexcitation; VarIndex%: variability index (%); SVB: supraventricular beats; SVT: supra ventricular tachycardia. Values are expressed as mean ± SD for age, HR and time domain variables (ms). Variables in the frequency domain are expressed as ln. P <0.05: significant.
Abstract Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Lippolis
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E Barbolini
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Belmonte
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - F Ambrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E Gherbesi
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - F Lombardi
- University of Milan, Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ca" Granda Major Hospital of Milan, Milan, Italy
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19
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Cervelli T, Lodovichi S, Bellè F, Galli A. Yeast-based assays for the functional characterization of cancer-associated variants of human DNA repair genes. Microb Cell 2020; 7:162-174. [PMID: 32656256 PMCID: PMC7328678 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.07.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances are continuously revealing new genetic variants that are often difficult to interpret. As one of the most genetically tractable model organisms, yeast can have a central role in determining the consequences of human genetic variation. DNA repair gene mutations are associated with many types of cancers, therefore the evaluation of the functional impact of these mutations is crucial for risk assessment and for determining therapeutic strategies. Owing to the evolutionary conservation of DNA repair pathways between human cells and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, several functional assays have been developed. Here, we describe assays for variants of human genes belonging to the major DNA repair pathways divided in functional assays for human genes with yeast orthologues and human genes lacking a yeast orthologue. Human genes with orthologues can be studied by introducing the correspondent human mutations directly in the yeast gene or expressing the human gene carrying the mutations; while the only possible approach for human genes without a yeast orthologue is the heterologous expression. The common principle of these approaches is that the mutated gene determines a phenotypic alteration that can vary according to the gene studied and the domain of the protein. Here, we show how the versatility of yeast can help in classifying cancer-associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bellè
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56125 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Galli A, Giordano L, Biafora M, Tulli M, Di Santo D, Bussi M. Voice prosthesis rehabilitation after total laryngectomy: are satisfaction and quality of life maintained over time? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:162-168. [PMID: 31131835 PMCID: PMC6536029 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Total laryngectomy is the standard of care for advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer. Effective voice rehabilitation is mandatory and tracheo-oesophageal speech (TES) has progressively gained approval. In 2011, we evaluated quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction after TES rehabilitation, demonstrating its efficacy in highly motivated subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether those results are maintained over time within the same selected cohort. 15 of 24 patients were left with a minimum 12 year-follow up after voice prosthesis (VP) implantation. Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) for QoL assessment and a study-specific structured questionnaire for evaluation of TES-related satisfaction were employed. The 9/24 patients who dropped out from the follow-up were excluded from the original count and the former results were recalculated. A control group of subjects with minor ENT diseases was used for SF-36 analysis. Many SF-36 items (RP, BP, SF, RE) significantly improved over time, approaching the results of the control group. VP duration also increased (6.3 ± 3.1 against 3.0 ± 1.8 months). TES-related satisfaction items did not change in a statistically significant way. Three patients (20.0%) would not have chosen the same kind of voice restoration: these subjects are those more distant from our institution (230 km and 462 km, respectively, against a mean distance of 15.4 ± 13.8 km for other patients). With the present work, we highlight how the striking results of TES can not only be maintained over time (i.e. TES-related satisfaction), but also substantially improve (i.e. QoL). An integrated, widespread network of centres for VP management is needed to optimise patient follow-up and allow studies on larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Giordano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Biafora
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Tulli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Di Santo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bussi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Lodovichi S, Bellè F, Cervelli T, Lorenzoni A, Maresca L, Cozzani C, Caligo MA, Galli A. Effect of BRCA1 missense variants on gene reversion in DNA double-strand break repair mutants and cell cycle-arrested cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutagenesis 2019; 35:189-195. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEvaluation of the functional impact of germline BRCA1 variants that are likely to be associated to breast and ovarian cancer could help to investigate the mechanism of BRCA1 tumorigenesis. Expression of pathogenic BRCA1 missense variants increased homologous recombination (HR) and gene reversion (GR) in yeast. We thought to exploit yeast genetics to shed light on BRCA1-induced genome instability and tumorigenesis. We determined the effect on GR of several neutral and pathogenic BRCA1 variants in the yeast strain RSY6wt and its isogenic DSB repair mutants, such as mre11∆, rad50∆ and rad51∆. In the RSY6wt, four out of five pathogenic and two out of six neutral variants significantly increased GR; rad51∆ strain, the pathogenic variants C61G and A1708E induced a weak but significant increase in GR. On the other hand, in rad50∆ mutant expressing the pathogenic variants localised at the BRCT domain, a further GR increase was seen. The neutral variant N132K and the VUS A1789T induced a weak GR increase in mre11∆ mutant. Thus, BRCA1 missense variants require specific genetic functions and presumably induced GR by different mechanisms. As DNA repair is regulated by cell cycle, we determined the effect on GR of BRCA1 variants in cell cycle-arrested RSYwt cells. GR is highly BRCA1-inducible in S-phase-arrested cells as compared to G1 or G2. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA from ILV1 revertant clones showed that BRCA1-induced ilv1-92 reversion by base substitution when GR is at least 6-fold over the control. Our study demonstrated that BRCA1 may interfere with yeast DNA repair functions that are active in S-phase causing high level of GR. In addition, we confirmed here that yeast could be a reliable model to investigate the mechanism and genetic requirements of BRCA1-induced genome instability. Finally, developing yeast-based assays to characterise BRCA1 missense variants could be useful to design more precise therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Bellè
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lorenzoni
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Maresca
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Cozzani
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Filippi S, Vignozzi L, Maseroli E, Corno C, Comeglio P, Cellai I, Mello T, Galli A, Facchiano E, Lucchese M, Maggi M. PO-01-077 The effects of testosterone treatment on fat tissue dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese men undergoing bariatric surgery. J Sex Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Lodovichi S, Mercatanti A, Cervelli T, Galli A. Computational analysis of data from a genome-wide screening identifies new PARP1 functional interactors as potential therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2722-2737. [PMID: 31105872 PMCID: PMC6505629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of interaction network between different proteins can be a useful tool in cancer therapy. To develop new therapeutic treatments, understanding how these proteins contribute to dysregulated cellular pathways is an important task. PARP1 inhibitors are drugs used in cancer therapy, in particular where DNA repair is defective. It is crucial to find new candidate interactors of PARP1 as new therapeutic targets in order to increase efficacy of PARP1 inhibitors and expand their clinical utility. By a yeast-based genome wide screening, we previously discovered 90 candidate deletion genes that suppress growth-inhibition phenotype conferred by PARP1 in yeast. Here, we performed an integrated and computational analysis to deeply study these genes. First, we identified which pathways these genes are involved in and putative relations with PARP1 through g:Profiler. Then, we studied mutation pattern and their relation to cancer by interrogating COSMIC and DisGeNET database; finally, we evaluated expression and alteration in several cancers with cBioPortal, and the interaction network with GeneMANIA. We identified 12 genes belonging to PARP1-related pathways. We decided to further validate RIT1, INCENP and PSTA1 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. We found that RIT1 and INCENP affected PARylation and PARP1 protein level more significantly in PARP1 inhibited cells. Furthermore, downregulation of RIT1, INCENP and PSAT1 affected olaparib sensitivity of MCF7 cells. Our study identified candidate genes that could have an effect on PARP inhibition therapy. Moreover, we also confirm that yeast-based screenings could be very helpful to identify novel potential therapy factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy.,PhD Student in Clinical and Translational Science Program, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mercatanti
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Lubrano S, Comelli L, Piccirilli C, Marranci A, Dapporto F, Tantillo E, Gemignani F, Gutkind JS, Salvetti A, Chiorino G, Cozza G, Chiariello M, Galli A, Poliseno L, Cervelli T. Development of a yeast-based system to identify new hBRAFV600E functional interactors. Oncogene 2018; 38:1355-1366. [PMID: 30237439 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BRAFV600E is a mutant Ser-Thr protein kinase that plays a crucial role in many types of cancer, including melanoma. Despite several aspects of BRAFV600E biology have been already elucidated, the proteins that regulate its expression and activity remain largely unknown, hampering our capacity to control its unrestrained effects. Here, we propose yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system that can be used to achieve a better understanding of the regulation of human BRAFV600E.By showing that in osmotic stress conditions hBRAFV600E can rescue the growth of strains carrying a double or triple deletion in MAPKKK belonging to the HOG pathway, we demonstrate that this oncogenic kinase is active in yeast even if it does not have an ortholog. Moreover, we report that, in the yeast ptp3∆ptc1∆ strain that is deleted in the genes encoding for two phosphatases responsible for Hog1 de-phoshorylation, hBRAFV600E mimics the toxicity observed in the presence of constitutive Hog1 activation. Finally, we exploit such a toxicity to perform a functional screening of a human cDNA library, looking for cDNAs able to rescue yeast growth. In this way, we identify SMIM10, a mitochondrial protein that in melanoma cells selectively downregulates BRAFV600E RNA and protein levels, by acting indirectly at the post-transcriptional level. Upon SMIM10 overexpression, BRAFV600E melanoma cells show disrupted mitochondrial structure/function and undergo senescence. They also show decreased ability to proliferate and form colonies, as well as increased sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Interestingly, the analysis of TCGA melanoma samples indicates that patients with higher SMIM10 levels have a better prognosis. Therefore, these data suggest that SMIM10 exerts an oncosuppressive role in melanoma cells.Taken together, our results unveil the potential of S. cerevisiae to study hBRAFV600E, to populate the network of its functional interactors and, in doing so, to uncover new cancer-associated genes with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lubrano
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Comelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Marranci
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tantillo
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,FPS-Pisa Science Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Lab of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo and Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.,Signal Transduction Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Siena, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Poliseno
- Oncogenomics Unit, Core Research Laboratory, ISPRO, Pisa, Italy. .,Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Maresca L, Lodovichi S, Lorenzoni A, Cervelli T, Monaco R, Spugnesi L, Tancredi M, Falaschi E, Zavaglia K, Landucci E, Roncella M, Congregati C, Gadducci A, Naccarato AG, Caligo MA, Galli A. Functional Interaction Between BRCA1 and DNA Repair in Yeast May Uncover a Role of RAD50, RAD51, MRE11A, and MSH6 Somatic Variants in Cancer Development. Front Genet 2018; 9:397. [PMID: 30283497 PMCID: PMC6156519 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined if BRCA1 partners involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) and mismatch repair (MMR) may contribute to breast and ovarian cancer development. Taking advantage the functional conservation of DNA repair pathways between yeast and human, we expressed several BRCA1 missense variants in DNA repair yeast mutants to identify functional interaction between BRCA1 and DNA repair in BRCA1-induced genome instability. The pathogenic p.C61G, pA1708E, p.M775R, and p.I1766S, and the neutral pS1512I BRCA1 variants increased intra-chromosomal recombination in the DNA-repair proficient strain RSY6. In the mre11, rad50, rad51, and msh6 deletion strains, the BRCA1 variants p.C61G, pA1708E, p.M775R, p.I1766S, and pS1215I did not increase intra-chromosomal recombination suggesting that a functional DNA repair pathway is necessary for BRCA1 variants to determine genome instability. The pathogenic p.C61G and p.I1766S and the neutral p.N132K, p.Y179C, and p.N550H variants induced a significant increase of reversion in the msh2Δ strain; the neutral p.Y179C and the pathogenic p.I1766S variant induced gene reversion also, in the msh6Δ strain. These results imply a functional interaction between MMR and BRCA1 in modulating genome instability. We also performed a somatic mutational screening of MSH6, RAD50, MRE11A, and RAD51 genes in tumor samples from 34 patients and identified eight pathogenic or predicted pathogenic rare missense variants: four in MSH6, one in RAD50, one in MRE11A, and two in RAD51. Although we found no correlation between BRCA1 status and these somatic DNA repair variants, this study suggests that somatic missense variants in DNA repair genes may contribute to breast and ovarian tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,PhD Program in Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lorenzoni
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Monaco
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Spugnesi
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariella Tancredi
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falaschi
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katia Zavaglia
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina Congregati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Mercatanti A, Lodovichi S, Cervelli T, Galli A. CRIMEtoYHU: a new web tool to develop yeast-based functional assays for characterizing cancer-associated missense variants. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 17:4562592. [PMID: 29069390 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the functional impact of cancer-associated missense variants is more difficult than for protein-truncating mutations and consequently standard guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants have been recently proposed. A number of algorithms and software products were developed to predict the impact of cancer-associated missense mutations on protein structure and function. Importantly, direct assessment of the variants using high-throughput functional assays using simple genetic systems can help in speeding up the functional evaluation of newly identified cancer-associated variants. We developed the web tool CRIMEtoYHU (CTY) to help geneticists in the evaluation of the functional impact of cancer-associated missense variants. Humans and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae share thousands of protein-coding genes although they have diverged for a billion years. Therefore, yeast humanization can be helpful in deciphering the functional consequences of human genetic variants found in cancer and give information on the pathogenicity of missense variants. To humanize specific positions within yeast genes, human and yeast genes have to share functional homology. If a mutation in a specific residue is associated with a particular phenotype in humans, a similar substitution in the yeast counterpart may reveal its effect at the organism level. CTY simultaneously finds yeast homologous genes, identifies the corresponding variants and determines the transferability of human variants to yeast counterparts by assigning a reliability score (RS) that may be predictive for the validity of a functional assay. CTY analyzes newly identified mutations or retrieves mutations reported in the COSMIC database, provides information about the functional conservation between yeast and human and shows the mutation distribution in human genes. CTY analyzes also newly found mutations and aborts when no yeast homologue is found. Then, on the basis of the protein domain localization and functional conservation between yeast and human, the selected variants are ranked by the RS. The RS is assigned by an algorithm that computes functional data, type of mutation, chemistry of amino acid substitution and the degree of mutation transferability between human and yeast protein. Mutations giving a positive RS are highly transferable to yeast and, therefore, yeast functional assays will be more predictable. To validate the web application, we have analyzed 8078 cancer-associated variants located in 31 genes that have a yeast homologue. More than 50% of variants are transferable to yeast. Incidentally, 88% of all transferable mutations have a reliability score >0. Moreover, we analyzed by CTY 72 functionally validated missense variants located in yeast genes at positions corresponding to the human cancer-associated variants. All these variants gave a positive RS. To further validate CTY, we analyzed 3949 protein variants (with positive RS) by the predictive algorithm PROVEAN. This analysis shows that yeast-based functional assays will be more predictable for the variants with positive RS. We believe that CTY could be an important resource for the cancer research community by providing information concerning the functional impact of specific mutations, as well as for the design of functional assays useful for decision support in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mercatanti
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- PhD program in Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Cardinali A, Castaldo C, Cesario R, Amicucci L, Galli A, Napoli F, Panaccione L, Riccardi C, Santini F, Schettini G, Tuccillo AA. Radio-frequency current drive for thermonuclear fusion reactors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10318. [PMID: 29985450 PMCID: PMC6037805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Principal research on energy from thermonuclear fusion uses Deuterium-Tritium plasmas magnetically trapped in toroidal devices. As major scientific problem for an economic (i.e., really feasible) reactor, we must understand how to lead strongly heated plasmas to sustain a high fusion gain while large fraction of current is self-produced via the presence of strong pressure gradient. To suppress turbulent eddies that impair thermal insulation and pressure tight of the plasma, current drive (CD) is necessary. However, tools envisaged so far in ITER (International Thermonuclear Experiment Rector) are unable accomplishing this task that requires efficiently and flexibly matching the natural current profiles of plasma. Consequently, viability of a thermonuclear reactor should be problematic. Multi-megawatt radio-frequency (RF) power coupled to plasma would produce the necessary CD, but modelling results based on previous understanding found difficult the extrapolation of this CD concept to reactor conditions of high temperature plasma, and greater flexibility of method would also be required. Here we present new model results based on standard quasilinear (QL) theory that allow establish conditions to drive efficiently and flexibly the RF-driven current at large radii of the plasma column, as necessary for the goal of a reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cardinali
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - C Castaldo
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - R Cesario
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy.
| | - L Amicucci
- Università Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Rome, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Università Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Rome, Italy
| | - F Napoli
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - L Panaccione
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - C Riccardi
- Università Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
| | - F Santini
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
| | - G Schettini
- Università Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Rome, Italy
| | - A A Tuccillo
- ENEA, Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department, C. R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
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28
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Galli A, Gargano M, Bonizzoni L, Giorgione C, Ludwig N, Maspero F, Orlandi M, Zoia L, Martini M. A multidisciplinary investigation on a pair of Leonardesque canal lock gates. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Galli A, Berrino P, Rainero ML, Santi P. Transposition of Myocutaneous Flaps in Breast Reconstruction following Radical Mastectomy: Latissimus Dorsi Vs. Rectus Abdominis Flap. Tumori 2018; 74:195-200. [PMID: 3368974 DOI: 10.1177/030089168807400213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated two homogeneous groups of patients (20 each) who had undergone radical mastectomy and who underwent breast reconstruction in our department by transposition of a latissimus dorsi or of a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. The results achieved were very similar (in terms of postoperative hospitalization, complication rate, thoracic symmetry). We therefore believe that both these techniques should be considered as first choice in breast reconstruction following radical mastectomy. However, from the aesthetic viewpoint, the use of the latissimus dorsi is best suited to tall, slim patients, whereas the rectus abdominis allows us to obtain better results in patients of sturdy build, with a voluminous residual breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova
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30
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Abstract
At the Surgery Department of Biella 46 patients were enrolled in a study on the sentinel lymph node (SN) in the period from 1 January 1999 to 30 September 1999. The aim of the study was to determine, on the basis of our own experience, the percentages of accuracy and concordance, and compare them with case series abroad and in Italy; in addition, we sought to establish a possible correlation between certain features of breast cancer and positivity of the axilla. The method utilized was lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe. Fifteen cases with positive axillary lymph nodes and 12 cases with positive sentinel lymph nodes were found; there were no false positive and three false negative results. No migration of the tracer was observed with lymphoscintigraphy in two cases. The percentage of concordance obtained was 93.2% in the complete series and 96.5% in the subseries that excluded the learning curve. Comparing the percentage of concordance of our case series with those abroad and in Italy, an average overlapping percentage was obtained. The percentage of accuracy obtained in our study was 95.7%, which is slightly higher than the average of percentages of the case series abroad and in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- Surgery Department, Hospital of Biella, Italy
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31
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Galli A, Lombardi F, Carpi D, Provasi E, Sarnicola ML, Torri A, Abrignani S. P310Circulating miRNAs expression in atrial fibrillation patients candidates to transcatheter ablation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- University of Milan, Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Major Hospital of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Lombardi
- University of Milan, Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Major Hospital of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Carpi
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - E Provasi
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - M L Sarnicola
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - A Torri
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - S Abrignani
- IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Milan, Italy
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32
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Franceschi S, Spugnesi L, Aretini P, Lessi F, Scarpitta R, Galli A, Congregati C, Caligo MA, Mazzanti CM. Whole-exome analysis of a Li-Fraumeni family trio with a novel TP53 PRD mutation and anticipation profile. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:938-943. [PMID: 28911001 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a clinically heterogeneous familial cancer predisposition syndrome with autosomal-dominant inheritance caused by heterozygous germline mutations in the TP53 gene. We here analyze the genetic background of a family with a 4-year-proband presented with a Li-Fraumeni tumor. The mother developed breast cancer at age 37 and the proband died at age 8. We performed Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing on peripheral blood DNA from proband and relatives. Data analysis selected only high-quality score and depth reads, rare variants and protein impact involving missense, non-sense, frameshift and splice disrupt mutations. Disease implicated variants and predicted deleterious alterations were also chosen. TP53 genetic testing revealed a never reported TP53 deletion arose as de novo mutation in the mother and inherited by the proband. We then performed whole-exome analysis of the trio to uncover inherited variants from the father that potentially worsen the already altered genetic background in the proband. No pathogenic variants were inherited in autosomal recessive, de novo dominant or X-linked recessive manner. Comparing proband and father exome we detected 25 predicted deleterious variants including a nonsense mutation in ERCC3. Those inherited mutations are possible candidate modifiers linked to TP53, explaining the proband accelerated tumor onset compared to the mother and providing a possible explanation of the genetic anticipation event in this Li-Fraumeni family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Spugnesi
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Paolo Aretini
- FPS - Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa 56121, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Laboratory of Functional Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Caterina Congregati
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetic Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- UO Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy
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Galli A, Giordano L, Sarandria D, Di Santo D, Bussi M. Oncological and complication assessment of CO2 laser-assisted endoscopic surgery for T1-T2 glottic tumours: clinical experience. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2017; 36:167-73. [PMID: 27214828 PMCID: PMC4977004 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several therapeutic options are used for treatment of early stage glottic carcinoma (Tis/T1/T2): open partial laryngectomy (OPL), radiotherapy and CO2 laser-assisted endoscopic surgery. Laser surgery has gradually gained approval in the management of laryngeal cancer. We present our experience in endoscopic laser surgery for early stage glottic carcinomas. This was a retrospective analysis of 72 patients with T1-T2 glottic cancer treated with laser cordectomy between 2006 and 2012. All patients had at least a 36-month follow-up period. Percentages for disease-specific survival, disease-free survival (DFS) and laryngeal preservation rates were 98.6%, 84.7% and 97.2% respectively. Considering neoplastic features that could predict long-term oncological outcome, tumoural involvement of anterior commissure and pathological staging (pT) significantly correlate with local recurrence (p = 0.021 and p = 0.035) and with a lowered DFS (p = 0.017 and p = 0.023). Other variables such as clinical staging, type of cordectomy, involvement of other structures and surgical margin status showed no significant impact on oncological endpoints. CO2 laser surgery is a reliable technique for T1-T2 glottic cancer considering oncological outcomes. The recurrence rate seems to be affected by involvement of anterior commissure and pT stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Giordano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Sarandria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Di Santo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bussi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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34
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Pilolli F, Giordano L, Galli A, Bussi M. Parapharyngeal space tumours: video-assisted minimally invasive transcervical approach. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2017; 36:259-264. [PMID: 27734977 PMCID: PMC5066460 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the advantages of a video-assisted, minimally invasive transcervical approach to benign and malignant parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumours. Ten patients affected by benign and malignant PPS neoplasms underwent a combined transcervical and video-assisted minimally invasive approach, using Hopkins telescopes. We describe the operative technique and perform a review of the literature. Definitive histology revealed 3 pleomorphic adenomas, 2 schwannomas, 2 metastatic papillary thyroid carcinomas, one carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, one cavernous haemangioma and one basal cell adenoma. Mean tumour size was 37.2 mm (range: 19-60). Operation time ranged from 75 min to 185 min (mean: 146.7). One case was converted to transcervical-transparotid approach. Patients were discharged on postoperative day 2-5. One patients presented hypoglossal nerve paresis. The minimally invasive video-assisted transcervical approach is safe and feasible for selected benign and malignant PPS tumours. Furthermore, it offers harmless dissection in a deep and narrow space, accurate haemostasis and continuous control of critical anatomic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pilolli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Giordano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bussi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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35
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Galli A, Della Latta V, Bologna C, Pucciarelli D, Cipriani F, Backovic A, Cervelli T. Strategies to optimize capsid protein expression and single-stranded DNA formation of adeno-associated virus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:414-428. [PMID: 28609559 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is a nonpathogenic parvovirus that is a promising tool for gene therapy. We aimed to construct plasmids for optimal expression and assembly of capsid proteins and evaluate adenovirus (Ad) protein effect on AAV single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. METHODS AND RESULTS Yeast expression plasmids have been developed in which the transcription of AAV capsid proteins (VP1,2,3) is driven by the constitutive ADH1 promoter or galactose-inducible promoters. Optimal VP1,2,3 expression was obtained from GAL1/10 bidirectional promoter. Moreover, we demonstrated that AAP is expressed in yeast and virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled inside the cell. Finally, the expression of two Ad proteins, E4orf6 and E1b55k, had no effect on AAV ssDNA formation. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that yeast is able to form AAV VLPs; however, capsid assembly and ssDNA formation are less efficient in yeast than in human cells. Moreover, the expression of Ad proteins did not affect AAV ssDNA formation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY New manufacturing strategies for AAV-based gene therapy vectors (rAAV) are needed to reduce costs and time of production. Our study explores the feasibility of yeast as alternative system for rAAV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Della Latta
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Bologna
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Pucciarelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Cipriani
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Backovic
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics Group, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Puglisi R, Gaspa G, Balduzzi D, Severgnini A, Vanni R, Macciotta N, Galli A. Genomewide analysis of bull sperm quality and fertility traits. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:840-3. [PMID: 27550832 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Because the priority of AI industry is to identify subfertile bulls, a predictive model that allowed for the prediction of 91% bulls of low fertility was implemented based on seminological (motility) parameters and DNA status assessed both as DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and by TUNEL assay using sperm of 105 Holstein-Friesian bulls (four batches per bull) selected based on in vivo estimated relative conception rates (ERCR). Thereafter, sperm quality and male fertility traits of bulls were explored by GWAS using a high-density (777K) Illumina chip. After data editing, 85 bulls and 591,988 SNPs were retained for GWAS. Of 12 SNPs with false discovery rate <0.2, four SNPs located on BTA28 and BTA18 were significantly associated (LD-adjusted Bonferroni <0.05) with the non-compensatory sperm parameters DFI and TUNEL. Other SNPs of interest for potential association with TUNEL were found on BTA3, in the same chromosome where associations with non-compensatory in vivo bull fertility were already reported. Further suggestive SNPs for sperm membrane integrity were located on BTA28, the chromosome where QTL studies previously reported associations with sperm quality traits. Suggestive SNPs for ERCR were found on BTA18 in the vicinity of a site already associated with in vivo bull fertility. Additional SNPs associated with ERCR and sperm kinetic parameters were also identified. In contrast to other, but very few GWAS on fertility traits in bovine spermatozoa, which reported significant SNPs located on BTX, we have not identified SNPs of interest in this sexual chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Puglisi
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rivolta d'Adda, Italy.
| | - G Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - D Balduzzi
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - A Severgnini
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - R Vanni
- Istituto Sperimentale Italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - Npp Macciotta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Galli
- CREA - Research Centre for Fodder Crops and Dairy Productions, Lodi, Italy
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Lodovichi S, Vitello M, Cervelli T, Galli A. Expression of cancer related BRCA1 missense variants decreases MMS-induced recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae without altering its nuclear localization. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2723-31. [PMID: 27484786 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1215389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene is found mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancer. Most cancer related mutations were found located at the RING (Really Interesting New Gene) and at the BRCT (BRca1 C-Terminal) domain. However, 20 y after its identification, the biological role of BRCA1 and which domains are more relevant for tumor suppression are still being elucidated. We previously reported that expression of BRCA1 cancer related variants in the RING and BRCT domain increases spontaneous homologous recombination in yeast indicating that BRCA1 may interact with yeast DNA repair/recombination. To finally demonstrate whether BRCA1 interacts with yeast DNA repair, we exposed yeast cells expressing BRCA1wt, the cancer-related variants C-61G and M1775R to different doses of the alkylating agent methyl methane-sulfonate (MMS) and then evaluated the effect on survival and homologous recombination. Cells expressing BRCA1 cancer variants were more sensitive to MMS and less inducible to recombination as compared to cell expressing BRCA1wt. Moreover, BRCA1-C61G and -M1775R did not change their nuclear localization form as compared to the BRCA1wt or the neutral variant R1751Q indicating a difference in the DNA damage processing. We propose a model where BRCA1 cancer variants interact with the DNA double strand break repair pathways producing DNA recombination intermediates, that maybe less repairable and decrease MMS-induced recombination and survival. Again, this study strengthens the use of yeast as model system to characterize the mechanisms leading to cancer in humans carrying the BRCA1 missense variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- a Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR, Pisa , Italy
| | - Martina Vitello
- a Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR, Pisa , Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- a Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR, Pisa , Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- a Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology , CNR, Pisa , Italy
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Orsini B, Vivas J, Ottanelli B, Amedei A, Surrenti E, Galli A, Milani S, Pinzani P, Del Prete G, Surrenti C, Baldari C, Touati E, D'Elios M. Human Gastric Epithelium Produces IL-4 and IL-4δ2 Isoform Only upon Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:809-18. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is related to mucosal tolerance by which an injurious immune response is prevented, suppressed or shifted to a non-injurious response. We investigated the expression of IL-4 and its splice variant isoform IL-4δ2 in gastric epithelial cells of healthy subjects and gastritis patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with or without the cag pathogenicity island ( cag-PAI). IL-4 and IL-4δ2 mRNAs were evaluated in microdissected gastric epithelium and in AGS cell lines co-cultured with H. pylori B128 or SSI strains. IL-4 mRNA was consistently detected in microdissected gastric epithelial cells from healthy subjects. The IL-4 mRNA expression was low in H. pylori-infected patients, and markedly reduced in cag-PAI-positive ones. IL-4δ2 mRNA was expressed on gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected patients, but not in healthy subjects. The IL-452 expression was lower in cag-PAI-positive than in cag-PAI-negative H. pylori infected patients. AGS cells also produced IL-4 mRNA upon SSI strain stimulation, whereas IL-4δ2 mRNA expression was detected in AGS co-cultured with either SSI or B128 strains. An inverse correlation was documented between IL-4 and IL-482 mRNA expression by microdissected gastric epithelial cells and the score of gastritis. IL-4, but not IL-452, is expressed by gastric epithelium of healthy subjects, whereas IL-452 and lesser IL-4 mRNA are detectable in the gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected patients. Data suggest that gastric epithelial cells might regulate the balance between tolerance and immune response by the fine tuning of IL-4 and IL-4δ2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.R. Vivas
- Unité de Pathogénie Bacterienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - A. Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Clinical Pathophysiology
| | | | | | | | - P. Pinzani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, University of Florence; department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G. Del Prete
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Clinical Pathophysiology
| | | | | | - E. Touati
- Unité de Pathogénie Bacterienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M.M. D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Clinical Pathophysiology
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Reddy IA, Pino JA, Weikop P, Osses N, Sørensen G, Bering T, Valle C, Bluett RJ, Erreger K, Wortwein G, Reyes JG, Graham D, Stanwood GD, Hackett TA, Patel S, Fink-Jensen A, Torres GE, Galli A. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation regulates cocaine actions and dopamine homeostasis in the lateral septum by decreasing arachidonic acid levels. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e809. [PMID: 27187231 PMCID: PMC5070047 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonism of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) has been effective at treating aspects of addictive behavior for a number of abused substances, including cocaine. However, the molecular mechanisms and brain circuits underlying the therapeutic effects of GLP-1R signaling on cocaine actions remain elusive. Recent evidence has revealed that endogenous signaling at the GLP-1R within the forebrain lateral septum (LS) acts to reduce cocaine-induced locomotion and cocaine conditioned place preference, both considered dopamine (DA)-associated behaviors. DA terminals project from the ventral tegmental area to the LS and express the DA transporter (DAT). Cocaine acts by altering DA bioavailability by targeting the DAT. Therefore, GLP-1R signaling might exert effects on DAT to account for its regulation of cocaine-induced behaviors. We show that the GLP-1R is highly expressed within the LS. GLP-1, in LS slices, significantly enhances DAT surface expression and DAT function. Exenatide (Ex-4), a long-lasting synthetic analog of GLP-1 abolished cocaine-induced elevation of DA. Interestingly, acute administration of Ex-4 reduces septal expression of the retrograde messenger 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), as well as a product of its presynaptic degradation, arachidonic acid (AA). Notably, AA reduces septal DAT function pointing to AA as a novel regulator of central DA homeostasis. We further show that AA oxidation product γ-ketoaldehyde (γ-KA) forms adducts with the DAT and reduces DAT plasma membrane expression and function. These results support a mechanism in which postsynaptic septal GLP-1R activation regulates 2-AG levels to alter presynaptic DA homeostasis and cocaine actions through AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Reddy
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J A Pino
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - P Weikop
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Osses
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - G Sørensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Bering
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Valle
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - R J Bluett
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K Erreger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - G Wortwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Reyes
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - D Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - G D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - T A Hackett
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Fink-Jensen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G E Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Galli
- Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Chiappetta S, Ripa M, Galli L, Razzari C, Longo V, Galli A, Faioni EM, Nozza S, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G. Soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) as an inflammatory biomarker in naive HIV-infected patients during ART. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1627-31. [PMID: 26888911 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the advent of ART, non-AIDS-related comorbidities are the main causes of death in HIV patients. Multiple biomarkers have been studied as markers of disease. We wanted to test soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) in an HIV setting. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine whether sEPCR decreases after 48 weeks of ART in naive HIV patients. Secondary objectives were to compare sEPCR levels between patients with chronic HIV infection (CHI) and primary HIV infection (PHI) and to analyse if there is a correlation between sEPCR and both immunovirological parameters and different markers of inflammation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed sEPCR in 33 patients with CHI and 19 patients with PHI naive to ART. sEPCR was compared together with immunovirological parameters (HIV RNA and CD4 cell count) and IL-6 or D-dimer (DD). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS After 48 weeks of ART, in CHI, the sEPCR decrease was significant (P = 0.0006) and sEPCR at baseline was correlated with both CD4 cell increase (r = +0.463, P = 0.007) and HIV RNA decrease (r = -0.363, P = 0.038). In PHI, sEPCR was stable (P = 0.35); there was a correlation between 48 week DD change and IL-6 change (r = +0.696, P = 0.0009) and also between 48 week DD change and sEPCR change (r = +0.553, P = 0.014). Despite the small sample size, we hypothesize that sEPCR levels reflect coagulant pathway activation caused by the endothelial damage during chronic infection more than a marker of the cytokine storm that occurs during PHI. Alternatively, in PHI, the link found between sEPCR and DD secondary to IL-6 suggests sEPCR is an indirect marker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiappetta
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ripa
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
| | - L Galli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - V Longo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Galli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E M Faioni
- A. O. San Paolo, Milan, Italy DiSS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Nozza
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lazzarin
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
| | - G Tambussi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
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Bagaglio S, Uberti-Foppa C, Messina E, Merli M, Hasson H, Andolina A, Galli A, Lazzarin A, Morsica G. Distribution of natural resistance to NS3 protease inhibitors in hepatitis C genotype 1a separated into clades 1 and 2 and in genotype 1b of HIV-infected patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:386.e1-386.e3. [PMID: 26706617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring resistance-associated variants (RAVs) within the protease domain of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (G) 1a separated into clades 1 and 2, and G1b were investigated in 59 HIV/HCV coinfected patients. RAVs were detected in 10/23 G1a/clade 1 and 1/19 G1b (p 0.0059). A similar frequency of RAVs was found when comparing G1a/clade 2 and G1b (p 0.1672). A cross-resistance to the macrocyclic compounds simeprevir and paritaprevir was detected in two G1a/clade 2 and 1 G1b sequences and none of G1a/clade 1 sequences. The simultaneous characterization of subtype and natural RAVs by population analysis of the NS3 domain by may add important information for anti-HCV treatment strategies including protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagaglio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy; Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Uberti-Foppa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
| | - E Messina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
| | - M Merli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
| | - H Hasson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
| | - A Andolina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
| | - A Lazzarin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy; Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - G Morsica
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
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Bzowski M, Swaczyna P, Kubiak MA, Sokół JM, Fuselier SA, Galli A, Heirtzler D, Kucharek H, Leonard TW, McComas DJ, Möbius E, Schwadron NA, Wurz P. INTERSTELLAR NEUTRAL HELIUM IN THE HELIOSPHERE FROM
IBEX
OBSERVATIONS. III. MACH NUMBER OF THE FLOW, VELOCITY VECTOR, AND TEMPERATURE FROM THE FIRST SIX YEARS OF MEASUREMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McComas DJ, Bzowski M, Fuselier SA, Frisch PC, Galli A, Izmodenov VV, Katushkina OA, Kubiak MA, Lee MA, Leonard TW, Möbius E, Park J, Schwadron NA, Sokół JM, Swaczyna P, Wood BE, Wurz P. LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: SIX YEARS OF DIRECT SAMPLING BY
IBEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Maresca L, Spugnesi L, Lodovichi S, Cozzani C, Naccarato AG, Tancredi M, Collavoli A, Falaschi E, Rossetti E, Aretini P, Cervelli T, Galli A, Caligo MA. MSH2 role in BRCA1-driven tumorigenesis: A preliminary study in yeast and in human tumors from BRCA1-VUS carriers. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:531-9. [PMID: 26381082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1 interacts with several proteins implicated in homologous and non homologous recombination and in mismatch repair. The aim of this study is to determine if MSH2, a well known partner of BRCA1 involved in DNA repair, may contribute to breast and ovarian cancer development and progression. To better understand the functional interaction between BRCA1 and MSH2, we studied the effect of the deletion of MSH2 gene on BRCA1-induced genome instability in yeast. Preliminary results in yeast indicated that MSH2 and BRCA1 may interact to modulate homologous recombination (HR). We also carried out a genetic and epigenetic profiling of MSH2 gene by mutational analysis and promoter methylation evaluation in 9 breast and 2 ovarian tumors from carriers of BRCA1 unknown significance variants (VUS). 2/2 ovarian and 2/9 breast tumors carried MSH2 somatic mutations possible pathogenics (4/11, 36%): a missense mutation in exon 3 (p.G162R), a duplication of exon 1 and a deletion of exon 2. In addition, two germline synonymous variants in exon 11 were identified. None of the tumors showed promoter methylation. In conclusion, a surprisingly high frequency of MSH2 gene mutations has been found in tumor tissues from BRCA1 VUS carrier patients. This result supports the indication deriving from the yeast model that BRCA1 driven tumorigenesis may be modulated by MSH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maresca
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Spugnesi
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Anita Collavoli
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Galli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Tulej M, Meyer S, Lüthi M, Lasi D, Galli A, Desorgher L, Hajdas W, Karlsson S, Kalla L, Wurz P. Detection efficiency of microchannel plates for e(-) and π(-) in the momentum range from 17.5 to 345 MeV/c. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:083310. [PMID: 26329184 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-energy e(-) and π(-) were measured by the multichannel plate (MCP) detector at the PiM1 beam line of the High Intensity Proton Accelerator Facilities located at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. The measurements provide the absolute detection efficiencies for these particles: 5.8% ± 0.5% for electrons in the beam momenta range 17.5-300 MeV/c and 6.0% ± 1.3% for pions in the beam momenta range 172-345 MeV/c. The pulse height distribution determined from the measurements is close to an exponential function with negative exponent, indicating that the particles penetrated the MCP material before producing the signal somewhere inside the channel. Low charge extraction and nominal gains of the MCP detector observed in this study are consistent with the proposed mechanism of the signal formation by penetrating radiation. A very similar MCP ion detector will be used in the Neutral Ion Mass (NIM) spectrometer designed for the JUICE mission of European Space Agency (ESA) to the Jupiter system, to perform measurements of the chemical composition of the Galilean moon exospheres. The detection efficiency for penetrating radiation determined in the present studies is important for the optimisation of the radiation shielding of the NIM detector against the high-rate and high-energy electrons trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field. Furthermore, the current studies indicate that MCP detectors can be useful to measure high-energy particle beams at high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tulej
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Meyer
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Lüthi
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Lasi
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Galli
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Desorgher
- Laboratory of Particle Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - W Hajdas
- Laboratory of Particle Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S Karlsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Space Kampus 1, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - L Kalla
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Space Kampus 1, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - P Wurz
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Galli A, Chan CY, Parfenova L, Cervelli T, Schiestl RH. Requirement of POL3 and POL4 on non-homologous and microhomology-mediated end joining in rad50/xrs2 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:841-9. [PMID: 26122113 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) directly joins two broken DNA ends without sequence homology. A distinct pathway called microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) relies on a few base pairs of homology between the recombined DNA. The majority of DNA double-strand breaks caused by endogenous oxygen species or ionizing radiation contain damaged bases that hinder direct religation. End processing is required to remove mismatched nucleotides and fill in gaps during end joining of incompatible ends. POL3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes polymerase δ that is required for DNA replication and other DNA repair processes. Our previous results have shown that POL3 is involved in gap filling at 3' overhangs in POL4-independent NHEJ. Here, we studied the epistatic interaction between POL3, RAD50, XRS2 and POL4 in NHEJ using a plasmid-based endjoining assay in yeast. We demonstrated that either rad50 or xrs2 mutation is epistatic for end joining of compatible ends in the rad50 pol3-t or xrs2 pol3-t double mutants. However, the pol3-t and rad50 or pol3-t and xrs2 mutants caused an additive decrease in the end-joining efficiency of incompatible ends, suggesting that POL3 and RAD50 or POL3 and XRS2 exhibit independent functions in NHEJ. In the rad50 pol4 mutant, end joining of incompatible ends was not detected. In the rad50 or xrs2 mutants, NHEJ events did not contain any microhomology at the rejoined junctions. The pol3-t mutation restored MMEJ in the rad50 or xrs2 mutant backgrounds. Moreover, we demonstrated that NHEJ of incompatible ends required RAD50 and POL4 more than POL3. In conclusion, POL3 and POL4 have differential functions in NHEJ, independent of the RAD50-mediated repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Y Chan
- Departments of Pathology, Environmental Health, and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and UCLA School of Public Health, 71-295 CHS, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liubov Parfenova
- Departments of Pathology, Environmental Health, and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and UCLA School of Public Health, 71-295 CHS, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert H Schiestl
- Departments of Pathology, Environmental Health, and Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and UCLA School of Public Health, 71-295 CHS, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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47
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Jhuraney A, Velkova A, Johnson RC, Kessing B, Carvalho RS, Whiley P, Spurdle AB, Vreeswijk MPG, Caputo SM, Millot GA, Vega A, Coquelle N, Galli A, Eccles D, Blok MJ, Pal T, van der Luijt RB, Santamariña Pena M, Neuhausen SL, Donenberg T, Machackova E, Thomas S, Vallée M, Couch FJ, Tavtigian SV, Glover JNM, Carvalho MA, Brody LC, Sharan SK, Monteiro AN. BRCA1 Circos: a visualisation resource for functional analysis of missense variants. J Med Genet 2015; 52:224-30. [PMID: 25643705 PMCID: PMC4392196 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivating germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. A large number (>1500) of unique BRCA1 variants have been identified in the population and can be classified as pathogenic, non-pathogenic or as variants of unknown significance (VUS). Many VUS are rare missense variants leading to single amino acid changes. Their impact on protein function cannot be directly inferred from sequence information, precluding assessment of their pathogenicity. Thus, functional assays are critical to assess the impact of these VUS on protein activity. BRCA1 is a multifunctional protein and different assays have been used to assess the impact of variants on different biochemical activities and biological processes. METHODS AND RESULTS To facilitate VUS analysis, we have developed a visualisation resource that compiles and displays functional data on all documented BRCA1 missense variants. BRCA1 Circos is a web-based visualisation tool based on the freely available Circos software package. The BRCA1 Circos web tool (http://research.nhgri.nih.gov/bic/circos/) aggregates data from all published BRCA1 missense variants for functional studies, harmonises their results and presents various functionalities to search and interpret individual-level functional information for each BRCA1 missense variant. CONCLUSIONS This research visualisation tool will serve as a quick one-stop publically available reference for all the BRCA1 missense variants that have been functionally assessed. It will facilitate meta-analysis of functional data and improve assessment of pathogenicity of VUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jhuraney
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- University of South Florida Cancer Biology PhD Program, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Aneliya Velkova
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Randall C Johnson
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Fredrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bailey Kessing
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Fredrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Renato S Carvalho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Divisão de Farmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillip Whiley
- Genetics and Population Health Division, QIMR, BNE, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Genetics and Population Health Division, QIMR, BNE, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maaike P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine M Caputo
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Hôpital René Huguenin, Paris, France
| | - Gael A Millot
- Institut Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago, Spain
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Instituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tuya Pal
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Eva Machackova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Thomas
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Maxime Vallée
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sean V Tavtigian
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcelo A Carvalho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Divisão de Farmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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48
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Shiozawa Y, Sato-Otsubo A, Galli A, Yoshida K, Yoshizato T, Sato Y, Kataoka K, Sanada M, Shiraishi Y, Chiba K, Miyano S, Lindberg E, Malcovati L, Cazzola M, Ogawa S. 24 COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING IN MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(15)30025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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La Ferla M, Mercatanti A, Rocchi G, Lodovichi S, Cervelli T, Pignata L, Caligo MA, Galli A. Expression of human poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effect on survival, homologous recombination and identification of genes involved in intracellular localization. Mutat Res 2015; 774:14-24. [PMID: 25779917 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) actively participates in a series of functions within the cell that include: mitosis, intracellular signaling, cell cycle regulation, transcription and DNA damage repair. Therefore, inhibition of PARP1 has a great potential for use in cancer therapy. As resistance to PARP inhibitors is starting to be observed in patients, thus the function of PARP-1 needs to be studied in depth in order to find new therapeutic targets. To gain more information on the PARP-1 activity, we expressed PARP-1 in yeast and investigated its effect on cell growth and UV induced homologous recombination. To identify candidate genes affecting PARP-1 activity and cellular localization, we also developed a yeast genome wide genetic screen. We found that PARP-1 strongly inhibited yeast growth, but when yeast was exposed to the PARP-1 inhibitor 6(5-H) phenantridinone (PHE), it recovered from the growth suppression. Moreover, we showed that PARP-1 produced PAR products in yeast and we demonstrated that PARP-1 reduced UV-induced homologous recombination. By genome wide screening, we identified 99 mutants that suppressed PARP-1 growth inhibition. Orthologues of human genes were found for 41 of these yeast genes. We determined whether the PARP-1 protein level was altered in strains which are deleted for the transcription regulator GAL3, the histone H1 gene HHO1, the HUL4 gene, the deubiquitination enzyme gene OTU1, the nuclear pore protein POM152 and the SNT1 that encodes for the Set3C subunit of the histone deacetylase complex. In these strains the PARP-1 level was roughly the same as in the wild type. PARP-1 localized in the nucleus more in the snt1Δ than in the wild type strain; after UV radiation, PARP-1 localized in the nucleus more in hho1 and pom152 deletion strains than in the wild type indicating that these functions may have a role on regulating PARP-1 level and activity in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Ferla
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mercatanti
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Rocchi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Lodovichi
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pignata
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University Hospital and University of Pisa, via Roma 57, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Yeast Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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50
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Luchinat E, Gianoncelli A, Mello T, Galli A, Banci L. Combining in-cell NMR and X-ray fluorescence microscopy to reveal the intracellular maturation states of human superoxide dismutase 1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:584-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combined in-cell NMR spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and optical fluorescence microscopies allow describing the intracellular maturation states of human SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
- Department of Biomedical
| | - A. Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste
- Area Science Park
- Basovizza
- Italy
| | - T. Mello
- Department of Biomedical
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences
- University of Florence
- Florence
- Italy
| | - A. Galli
- Department of Biomedical
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences
- University of Florence
- Florence
- Italy
| | - L. Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM
- University of Florence
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
- Department of Chemistry
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