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Russo E, Carboni D, Baldi S, Fioretto B, Romano E, El Aoufy K, Ramazzotti M, Rosa I, Lepri G, DI Gloria L, Bruni C, Melchiorre D, Guiducci S, Manetti M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Amedei A, Bellando Randone S. POS0487 THE CROSSTALK OF THE SKIN-ORAL-GUT MICROBIOME AXIS IN LIMITED AND DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex and still unclear rare disease. Microbiota has recently emerged as an important environmental factor in SSc pathogenesis, either at gut, oral and skin level.ObjectivesTo investigate the role of microbiota in SSc subsets, focusing on the skin-oral-gut microbiota axis and serum and fecal free fatty acids (FFA) profile.MethodsTwenty-six consecutive SSc patients (22 females) (mean disease duration (SD): 13 ± 6.91 yrs), classified according to the ACR/EULAR2013 criteria, were enrolled. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with UCLA GIT-2.0-questionnaire. Fecal, unstimulated saliva and superficial epidermal samples were collected. Microbiota was assessed through 16S ribosomal RNA Next Generation gene-sequencing analysis. Gas Cromatography-Mass Spettroscopy was used to measure FFAs in serum and fecal samples.ResultsThirteen patients had limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), 13 diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc). The two subsets displayed a different cutaneous and fecal microbiota profile. In detail, the class of cutaneous Sphingobacteria was significantly higher in lcSSc (p<0.05), while the phylum of Lentisphaerae, the family of Victivallaceae and the genus of Victivallis were significantly higher in fecal samples of lcSSc (all p<0.05). A significant increase of fecal propionic acid was observed in lcSSc patients (p<0.05). Moreover, all fecal medium-chain FAs and hexanoic acids were significantly higher in lcSSc (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The analysis of serum FFAs levels showed an increase of valeric and octanoic acids in lcSSc (both p<0.05). A negative correlation between UCLA-GIT-2.0 total score and fecal octanoic acid (rho=-0.61; p=0.03), and a positive correlation with serum propionic acid (rho=0.55; p=0.05) was found in lcSSc.ConclusionOur findings show a different microbiota signature in the skin and gut, and a different FFAs profile in lcSSc and dcSSc. Such a differential regulation of microbiota composition and bacterial metabolite production suggests different dynamics of skin-oral-gut microbiota axis in SSc subsets. This data could be useful to develop personalized therapies targeting gastrointestinal and skin involvement.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Orsini B, Vivas J, Ottanelli B, Amedei A, Surrenti E, Galli A, Milani S, Pinzani P, Del Prete G, Surrenti C, Baldari C, Touati E, D'Elios M. Human Gastric Epithelium Produces IL-4 and IL-4δ2 Isoform Only upon Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 20:809-18. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that interleukin-4 (IL-4) is related to mucosal tolerance by which an injurious immune response is prevented, suppressed or shifted to a non-injurious response. We investigated the expression of IL-4 and its splice variant isoform IL-4δ2 in gastric epithelial cells of healthy subjects and gastritis patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with or without the cag pathogenicity island ( cag-PAI). IL-4 and IL-4δ2 mRNAs were evaluated in microdissected gastric epithelium and in AGS cell lines co-cultured with H. pylori B128 or SSI strains. IL-4 mRNA was consistently detected in microdissected gastric epithelial cells from healthy subjects. The IL-4 mRNA expression was low in H. pylori-infected patients, and markedly reduced in cag-PAI-positive ones. IL-4δ2 mRNA was expressed on gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected patients, but not in healthy subjects. The IL-452 expression was lower in cag-PAI-positive than in cag-PAI-negative H. pylori infected patients. AGS cells also produced IL-4 mRNA upon SSI strain stimulation, whereas IL-4δ2 mRNA expression was detected in AGS co-cultured with either SSI or B128 strains. An inverse correlation was documented between IL-4 and IL-482 mRNA expression by microdissected gastric epithelial cells and the score of gastritis. IL-4, but not IL-452, is expressed by gastric epithelium of healthy subjects, whereas IL-452 and lesser IL-4 mRNA are detectable in the gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected patients. Data suggest that gastric epithelial cells might regulate the balance between tolerance and immune response by the fine tuning of IL-4 and IL-4δ2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.R. Vivas
- Unité de Pathogénie Bacterienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - A. Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Clinical Pathophysiology
| | | | | | | | - P. Pinzani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, University of Florence; department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G. Del Prete
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Clinical Pathophysiology
| | | | | | - E. Touati
- Unité de Pathogénie Bacterienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M.M. D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Clinical Pathophysiology
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Amedei A, Codolo G, Ozolins D, Ballerini C, Biagioli T, Jaunalksne I, Zilevica A, D Elios S, De Bernard M, D' Elios MM. Cerebrospinal fluid T-regulatory cells recognize Borrelia burgdorferi NAPA in chronic Lyme borreliosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 26:907-15. [PMID: 24355226 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NapA protein of B. burgdorferi is essential for the persistence of spirochetes in ticks. One of the most intriguing aspects of NapA is its potential to interfere with the host immune system. Here, we investigated the role of the acquired immune responses induced by NapA in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis. We evaluated the cytokine profile induced in microglia cells and CSF T cells following NapA stimulation. We report here that NapA induced a regulatory T (Treg) response in the CSF of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis and it is able to expand this suppressive response by promoting the production of TGF-beta and IL-10 by microglia cells. Collectively, these data strongly support a central role of NapA in promoting both Treg response and immune suppression in the CSF of patients with chronic Lyme borreliosis and suggest that NapA and the Treg pathway may represent novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - G Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Ozolins
- Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - C Ballerini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - T Biagioli
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - A Zilevica
- Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - S D Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - M De Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M M D' Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy
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Amedei A, Munari F, Della Bella C, Niccolai E, Benagiano M, Bencini L, Cianchi F, Silvestri E, D'Elios S, Farsi M, Prisco D, Zanotti G, De Bernard M, Kundu M, D'Elios M. Helicobacter Pylori HP0175 Promotes the Production of IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces a chronic gastric inflammatory infiltrate. This study was undertaken to evaluate the type of the innate immune responses elicited by the secreted peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase of H. pylori (HP0175). The cytokine production induced by HP0175 in neutrophils, and monocytes was evaluated. HP0175 was able to induce the expression of IL-23 in neutrophils, and monocytes, and IL-6, IL-1beta and TGF-beta in monocytes. These findings indicate that HP0175 is able to promote the activation of innate cells and the production of a cytokine milieu that may favour the development of Th17 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
| | - F. Munari
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, university of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C. Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
| | - E. Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
| | - L. Bencini
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F. Cianchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E. Silvestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
| | - S. D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Farsi
- Department of General and Oncologic Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - D. Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
| | - G. Zanotti
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, university of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M. De Bernard
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, university of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M.M. D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Medical Pathology, Florence, Italy
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Amedei A, D'Elios MM. New therapeutic approaches by using microorganism-derived compounds. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:3822-40. [PMID: 22489726 DOI: 10.2174/092986712801661167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of natural products as a source for remedies has been recognized since ancient times. Despite major scientific and technological progress in combinatorial chemistry, drugs derived from natural product still make an enormous contribution to drug discovery today. Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic candidate compounds since a tremendous chemical diversity is found in millions of species of plants, animals, marine organisms and microorganisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have been invaluable to discover drugs and lead compounds. These microorganisms produce a large variety of antimicrobial agents which have evolved to give their hosts an advantage over their competitors in the microbiological world. The screening of microorganisms became highly popular after the discovery of penicillin but in recent years the list of antibacterial agents (bacteria- or fungi-derived) has increased considerably with the arrival of cephalosporins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, rifamycins, and chloramphenicol. Although most of the drugs derived from microorganisms are used in antibacterial therapy, some microbial metabolites have provided lead compounds in other fields of medicine. For example: the fungal metabolite lovastatin, which was the lead compound for a series of drugs that lower cholesterol levels, the ciclosporin (fungal metabolite) currently used to suppress the immune response after transplantation operations and sirolimus- a bacterium-derived macrolide- used in the treatment of some cancers. The aim of this review is to analyze the current uses and the future applications in therapeutic treatments of microorganism-derived products (MdPs) and discuss the results obtained in the some clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amedei
- Viale Pieraccini 06, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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Capitani N, Ariani F, Amedei A, Pezzicoli A, Matucci A, Vultaggio A, Troilo A, Renieri A, Baldari CT, D' Elios MM. Vav1 haploinsufficiency in a common variable immunodeficiency patient with defective T-cell function. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:811-7. [PMID: 23058036 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune disorder characterized by impaired antibody production, which is in many instances secondary to defective T cell function (T-CVID). We previously identified a subset of T-CVID patients characterized by defective expression of Vav1, a guanine nucleotide exchanger which couples the T-cell antigen receptor to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we have addressed the possibility that an intrinsic defect in the Vav1 gene might underlie the reduction in Vav protein observed in T cells from these patients. We report the identification in one T-CVID patient of a heterozygous deletion in Vav1. The gene deletion, spanning exons 2-27, accounts for the reduction in Vav1 mRNA and protein in T cells from this patient. The disease-related pedigree of this patient suggests a de novo origin of the Vav1 deletion. The findings highlights Vav1 as an autosomal dominant disease gene associated with CVID with defective T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Capitani
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy
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D'Elios M, Benagiano M, Amedei A, Bella CD, Niccolai E, Prisco D. T cells, tissue factor and malignancy. Thromb Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(12)70067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chiumiento L, Del Prete G, Codolo G, De Bernard M, Amedei A, Della Bella C, Piazza M, D'Elios S, Caponi L, D'Elios M, Bruschi F. Stimulation of TH1 Response by Helicobacter Pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein Decreases the Protective Role of IgE and Eosinophils in Experimental Trichinellosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:895-903. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Th2 responses seem to play an important role in defence against Trichinella spiralis (Ts). The Neutrophil Activating Protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP), that induces IL-12, and IL-23 expression and shifts to Th1 allergen-specific Th2 cells in vitro was used as an anti-Th2 agent in BALB/c mice infected with T. spiralis. The muscle larvae (ML) burden was lower ( p < 0.02) in untreated infected animals than those infected treated with HP-NAP. In both groups there was an inverse relationship between ML burden of each animal and total IgE level (controls: r −0.617, p = 0.0013 and HP-NAP-treated: r −0.678, P = 0.0001) or eosinophil count, evaluated in the same mouse on day 42 (r −0.390, P = 0.0592 and r −0.803, P = 0.0001, respectively). Inflammatory response around the nurse cell-parasite complex was significantly higher in HP-NAP-treated infected animals than in those untreated infected, on the contrary the number of eosinophils, counted around each complex was significantly lower in the first animal group. This study provides evidence of a powerful anti-Th2 activity in vivo by HP-NAP and for the partial protective effect of Th2 responses in T. spiralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chiumiento
- Department of Experimental Pathology, M.B.I.E., Pisa University
| | - G. Del Prete
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florence University, Florence
- Deparment of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence
| | - G. Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - M. De Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florence University, Florence
- Deparment of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence
| | - C. Della Bella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florence University, Florence
| | - M. Piazza
- Department of Experimental Pathology, M.B.I.E., Pisa University
| | - S. D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florence University, Florence
| | - L. Caponi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, M.B.I.E., Pisa University
| | - M.M. D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florence University, Florence
- Deparment of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence
| | - F. Bruschi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, M.B.I.E., Pisa University
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Amedei A, Della Bella C, Niccolai E, Stanflin N, Benagiano M, Duranti R, Del Prete G, Murphy TF, D'Elios MM. Moraxella catarrhalis-specific Th1 cells in BAL fluids of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 22:979-90. [PMID: 20074461 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients airway mucosa is infiltrated by macrophages and T lymphocytes, potentially reactive to pathogens. We studied the antigen-specificity and the effector functions of in vivo activated T lymphocytes isolated from BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) of 5 Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc)-infected and 5 Mc-non-infected COPD patients. Mc-specific T cells were detected only in BAL or peripheral blood of Moraxella catarrhalis-infected patients. The majority of BAL Mc-specific T cells expressed the T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine profile with high cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity. Upon antigen stimulation, all Mc-specific T clones were able to help the immunoglobulin production by autologous B cells and the MMP (Matrix MetalloProteinase)-12 activity by monocytes. Our results suggest a role for Th1-driven response to Moraxella catarrhalis in the genesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Masi L, Gozzini A, Franchi A, Campanacci D, Amedei A, Falchetti A, Franceschelli F, Marcucci G, Tanini A, Capanna R, Brandi ML. A novel recessive mutation of fibroblast growth factor-23 in tumoral calcinosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91:1190-8. [PMID: 19411468 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.h.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumoral calcinosis is a rare disease characterized by hyperphosphatemia due to hypophosphaturia and by ectopic calcifications. Phosphatonins are important hormones that regulate phosphorus homeostasis. Tumoral calcinosis is a rare congenital disorder in which the differential diagnosis from other syndromes associated with extraskeletal calcifications may be difficult. Mutations in the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-3 (GALNT3) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) genes have been described. Mutational analysis is important for the early recognition of the disorder, for prevention of its complications, and for family screening strategies. We examined two unrelated white patients affected by tumoral calcinosis. METHODS The first patient was a woman with a history of an ectopic calcification in the left shoulder. The second patient was a man with a history of an ectopic calcification in the right buttock. Routine biochemistry and FGF-23 assays were performed on serum samples. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. The FGF23 and GALNT3 genes were analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS A new homozygous H41Q codon 41, C-->A transversion at position 123 (c.123C>A) in exon 1 of the FGF23 gene was evidenced in both patients. No mutation of the GALNT3 gene was detected in these patients. As determined by an ELISA assay, intact FGF-23 circulating protein was low in both patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the fourth mutation of the FGF23 gene described in subjects with tumoral calcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Del Prete G, Santi L, Andrianaivoarimanana V, Amedei A, Domarle O, D' Elios MM, Arntzen CJ, Rahalison L, Mason HS. Plant-derived recombinant F1, V, and F1-V fusion antigens of Yersinia pestis activate human cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:133-43. [PMID: 19309560 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plague is still endemic in different regions of the world. Current vaccines raise concern for their side effects and limited protection, highlighting the need for an efficacious and rapidly producible vaccine. F1 and V antigens of Yersinia pestis, and F1-V fusion protein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana administered to guinea pigs resulted in immunity and protection against an aerosol challenge of virulent Y. pestis. We examined the effects of plant-derived F1, V, and F1-V on human cells of the innate immunity. F1, V, and F1-V proteins engaged TLR2 signalling and activated IL-6 and CXCL-8 production by monocytes, without affecting the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-10, IL-1beta, and CXCL10. Native F1 antigen and recombinant plant-derived F1 (rF1) and rF1-V all induced similar specific T-cell responses, as shown by their recognition by T-cells from subjects who recovered from Y. pestis infection. Native F1 and rF1 were equally well recognized by serum antibodies of Y. pestis-primed donors, whereas serological reactivity to rF1-V hybrid was lower, and that to rV was virtually absent. In conclusion, plant-derived F1, V, and F1-V antigens are weakly reactogenic for human monocytes and elicit cell-mediated and humoral responses similar to those raised by Y. pestis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Del Prete
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
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Becchi C, Pillozzi S, Fabbri LP, Al Malyan M, Cacciapuoti C, Della Bella C, Nucera M, Masselli M, Boncinelli S, Arcangeli A, Amedei A. The increase of endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood: a new parameter for detecting onset and severity of sepsis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:697-705. [PMID: 18831938 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by non-specific inflammatory response with evidence of profound changes in the function and structure of endothelium. Recent evidence suggests that vascular maintenance, repair and angiogenesis are in part mediated by recruitment from bone marrow (BM) of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In this study we were interested in whether EPCs are increasingly mobilized during sepsis and if this mobilization is associated with sepsis severity. Our flow cytometry data demonstrate that in the CD34+ cell gate the number of EPCs in the blood of patients with sepsis had a four-fold increase (45 +/- 4.5% p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls (12 +/- 3.6%) and that this increase was already evident at 6 hours from diagnosis (40.6 +/- 4.2 percent), reaching its maximum at 72 hours. Also the percentage of cEPCs identified in the patients with sepsis (35 +/- 4.6% of the CD34+ cell) was statistically different (p < 0.001) compared to that found in the blood of patients with severe sepsis (75 +/- 4.9%). In addition, we proved that at six hours after sepsis diagnosis, VEGF, CXCL8 and CXCL12 serum levels were significantly higher in septic patients compared to healthy volunteers 559 +/- 82.14 pg/ml vs 2.9 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.0001), 189.8 +/- 67.3 pg/ml 15 vs 11.9 +/- 1.6 (p = 0.014) and 780.5 +/- 106.5 pg/ml; vs 190.2 +/- 71.4 (p < 0.001). Our data suggest that the cEPC evaluation in peripheral blood, even at early times of diagnosis, in patients with sepsis can be envisaged as a valuable parameter to confirm diagnosis and suggest further prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Florence, Italy
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Bergman M, Amedei A, D'Elios M, Azzurri A, Benagiano M, Tamburini C, Van der Zee R, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Appelmelk B, Del Prete G. Correction Vol. 33(2) 2003, pp 539 545: Characterization of H+,K+-ATPase T cell epitopes in human autoimmune gastritis. Eur J Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200390031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Amedei A, Romagnani C, Benagiano M, Azzurri A, Fomia F, Torrente F, Plebani A, D'Elios MM, Del Prete G. Preferential Th1 profile of T helper cell responses in X-linked (Bruton's) agammaglobulinemia. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:1927-34. [PMID: 11433390 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1927::aid-immu1927>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency of the B-cell compartment caused by a defective gene encoding for the tyrosine kinase (btk) essential for B cell differentiation. Affected males undergo recurrent pyogenic infections and deficient immunoglobulin production. Peripheral blood T cells from 6 XLA patients and 6 matched healthy controls were stimulated with either PHA or tetanus toxoid (TT) and T cell clones obtained were compared for their cytokine profile. In the series of PHA-induced or TT-specific CD4(+) T cell clones derived from XLA patients, the Th1 profile was predominant (63 and 65 %, respectively). Upon stimulation with TT, the proportion of activated T cells from XLA that expressed the IFN-gamma -associated LAG-3 activation molecule was higher than in control T cells (51 vs. 25 %), whereas the expression of the IL-4-associated CD30 molecule was lower (5 vs. 21 %). In a cohort of 31 XLA patients, plasma levels of soluble (s)LAG-3 and sCD30, chosen as indirect indicators of the Th1 / Th2 activity in vivo, were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those measured in 31 healthy controls. Likewise, plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein 10 and of macrophage-derived chemokine in XLA patients were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amedei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Vekemans J, Amedei A, Ota MO, D'Elios MM, Goetghebuer T, Ismaili J, Newport MJ, Del Prete G, Goldman M, McAdam KP, Marchant A. Neonatal bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination induces adult-like IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:1531-5. [PMID: 11465110 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200105)31:5<1531::aid-immu1531>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The immaturity of the neonatal immune system in mice is associated with defective IFN-gamma production and Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, infants vaccinated at birth with BCG produced similar concentrations of IFN-gamma in response to PPD and showed similar frequencies of IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes as compared to immune adults. Infants and adults produced only low concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5. CD4+ T lymphocytes were the main source of IFN-gamma. Similar proportions of Th1 and Th0 PPD-specific T cell clones were observed in infants and adults. This study demonstrates that the human neonatal immune response to BCG is not biased towards Th2 and is characterized by the predominant production of IFN-gamma by CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vekemans
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia.
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16
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Masi L, Becherini L, Gennari L, Amedei A, Colli E, Falchetti A, Farci M, Silvestri S, Gonnelli S, Brandi ML. Polymorphism of the aromatase gene in postmenopausal Italian women: distribution and correlation with bone mass and fracture risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:2263-9. [PMID: 11344237 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.5.7450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of C(19) steroids to estrogens is catalyzed by the aromatase enzyme. Inactivating mutations of the aromatase gene are associated with decreased bone mineral density in both men and women. Genetic studies suggest that several genes contribute to the regulation of bone mass via interaction with the modeling and remodeling processes. Among these genes, the aromatase gene is a potential candidate to be evaluated for segregation with bone metabolism and bone mass. A tetranucleotide simple tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 4 at the human aromatase cytochrome P-450 gene has been recently described. In the present study we evaluated the distribution of this polymorphism in a cohort of Italian postmenopausal women, both normal and osteoporotic. We observed that the NN genotype was significantly more frequent in nonosteoporotic women than in osteoporotic women (72.7% vs. 27.2%), whereas the DN genotype was significantly more represented in osteoporotic women (90.48% vs. 9.5%; Pearson's chi(2) test = 42.8; df = 10; P = or < 0.01). The allele containing the longer TTTA repeats was statistically more represented in nonosteoporotic women (Pearson's chi(2) test = 19.14; df = 2; P = 0.00007). In addition, women with a high number of TTTA repeats had a significantly higher lumbar bone mineral density than women with alleles containing 8-11 TTTA repeats (P = 0.03). Finally, considering the spine fractures, a significantly higher incidence was observed in women with shorter TTTA repeats than in those with longer TTTA repeats (Pearson's chi(2) test = 7.3; df = 2; P = 0.02), equivalent to a relative risk of 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.19-13.87). In conclusion, the aromatase gene can be one of the several genes potentially involved in the maintenance of bone mass and in the regulation of bone mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Italy
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17
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Marchant A, Amedei A, Azzurri A, Vekemans J, Benagiano M, Tamburini C, Lienhardt C, Corrah T, McAdam KP, Romagnani S, D'Elios MM, Del Prete G. Polarization of PPD-specific T-cell response of patients with tuberculosis from Th0 to Th1 profile after successful antimycobacterial therapy or in vitro conditioning with interferon-alpha or interleukin-12. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 24:187-94. [PMID: 11159053 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.24.2.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper (Th) 1/Th2 balance in the T-lymphocyte response to purified protein derivative (PPD) was evaluated at the clonal level in six Italian and five Gambian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) before and after antimycobacterial therapy, as well as in five Gambian and four Italian healthy immune control subjects. In untreated patients, most PPD-specific clones derived from either peripheral blood or pleural effusions showed a Th0 cytokine profile (production of both interferon [IFN]-gamma and interleukin [IL]-4/IL-5). After 6 mo of therapy and clinical healing, most PPD-specific clones showed a polarized Th1 profile (production of IFN-gamma but not IL-4/IL-5) in both Italian and Gambian patients. The Th1 polarization was less marked in Gambian than in Italian patients and failed to occur in another group of four Italian patients who experienced treatment failure. The cytokine profile observed after successful therapy in patients with TB was similar to that found in healthy control subjects. T-cell clones of undefined specificity generated from PPD-stimulated cultures showed a similar Th0/Th2 bias in Gambian individuals and Italian patients with treatment failure. The Th0/Th2-biased responses in Gambian patients before therapy could be modulated in vitro by IFN-alpha or IL-12, which induced a Th1 polarization of both PPD-specific and bystander T cells. Our data show that active TB associates with a predominant Th0 response to mycobacterial antigens that could play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Adjunctive immunotherapy using Th1-polarizing cytokines could increase host defense against mycobacteria and accelerate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marchant
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia
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18
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D'Elios MM, Bergman MP, Azzurri A, Amedei A, Benagiano M, De Pont JJ, Cianchi F, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Romagnani S, Appelmelk BJ, Del Prete G. H(+),K(+)-atpase (proton pump) is the target autoantigen of Th1-type cytotoxic T cells in autoimmune gastritis. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:377-86. [PMID: 11159878 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.21187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The proton pump H(+),K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (H(+),K(+)-ATPase) of parietal cells is the major humoral autoantigen in both human and experimental autoimmune gastritis (AIG) characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate in the gastric mucosa and loss of parietal cells. The aim of this study was to detect H(+),K(+)-ATPase-specific T cells in the gastric mucosa of patients with AIG and to define their functional properties. METHODS In vivo-activated T cells from the infiltrates of the gastric mucosa of 5 patients with AIG were isolated and cloned. The ability of gastric T-cell clones to proliferate and to produce cytokines in response to H(+),K(+)-ATPase, as well as their expression of B-cell help, perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, and Fas-Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in target cells, were assessed. RESULTS A proportion (25%) of the CD4(+) clones from the gastric corpus of AIG patients proliferated in response to porcine H(+),K(+)-ATPase. Most of these clones (88%) showed a Th1 profile, whereas a few secreted both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Virtually all of the H(+),K(+)-ATPase-specific clones produced tumor necrosis factor alpha and provided substantial help for B-cell immunoglobulin production, and most of them expressed perforin-mediated cytotoxicity against antigen-presenting cells and induced Fas-Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in target cells. CONCLUSIONS Activation of proton pump-specific Th1 cytotoxic/proapoptotic T cells in the gastric mucosa can represent an effector mechanism for the target cell destruction in AIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Boncristiano M, Majolini MB, D'Elios MM, Pacini S, Valensin S, Ulivieri C, Amedei A, Falini B, Del Prete G, Telford JL, Baldari CT. Defective recruitment and activation of ZAP-70 in common variable immunodeficiency patients with T cell defects. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:2632-8. [PMID: 11009097 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2632::aid-immu2632>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified a subset of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients with defective T cell function associated with impaired activation of the TCR-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation cascade. Here we have assessed the structural and functional integrity of the principal components involved in coupling the TCR/CD3 complex to intracellular tyrosine kinases in two of these patients. We show that ZAP-70 fails to bind the signaling-competent CD3zeta tyrosine phosphorylation isoform and to become activated following TCR engagement, suggesting that defective recruitment of ZAP-70 might underlie the TCR signaling dysfunction in these patients. Determination of the nucleotide sequences encoding the intracellular domains of the CD3/zeta subunits and ZAP-70 did not reveal any mutation. Furthermore, ZAP-70 from these patients could interact in vitro with recombinant phospho-zeta, ruling out genetic defects at the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif/SH2 domain interface responsible for ZAP-70 recruitment to the activated TCR. No defect was found in expression, activity or subcellular localization of Lck, which is thought to be primarily responsible for CD3zeta phosphorylation. Hence, while the T cell defect in these CVID patients can be pinpointed to the interaction between ZAP-70 and CD3zeta, the integrity in the components of the signaling machinery involved in this process suggests that additional components might be required for completion of this step.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boncristiano
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy
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20
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Masi L, Malentacchi C, Benvenuti S, Amedei A, Bigozzi U, Montali E, Brandi ML. In vitro expression of proalpha1(I) collagen mRNA by human pre-osteoclastic cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2000; 23:1-4. [PMID: 10698043 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix modulates the cell phenotype. In the present study we have investigated in vitro proalpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression in a human pre-osteoclastic cell line (FLG 29.1 cells) in basal condition and after various stimuli. In addition, in order to evaluate the effect of cell-cell interactions on collagen type I mRNA expression, we have cultured the human pre-osteoclastic cells FLG 29.1 with either the human osteoblast-like cell line Saos-2 or the bovine bone endothelial cell line BBE. We showed that the FLG 29.1 cells express proal (I) collagen mRNA, whose expression is modulated by phorbol esters (TPA). Co-culturing FLG 29.1 cells with either Saos-2 or BBE cells induced decrease of proalpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Masi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Firenze, Italy
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21
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D'Elios MM, Amedei A, Benagiano M, Azzurri A, Del Prete G. Usefulness of (13)C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of gastric helicobacter pylori infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2000; 13:27-30. [PMID: 12749775 DOI: 10.1177/039463200001300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori chronically infects half of the human population and is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. (13)C-urea breath test (UBT) is the main in vivo tool for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. In this study, the safety and the accuracy of UBT were evaluated. A group of 492 dyspeptic patients was studied by UBT, the results were expressed as the difference over baseline at 30 min (DOB30). All patients were evaluated for systemic, gastrointestinal or allergic-type adverse reactions after ingestion of 75 mg (13)C-urea and citric acid in aqueous solution. The first 256 patients enrolled also underwent endoscopy and gastric biopsy. Patients positive on histology were considered infected. UBT was well tolerated and none of the 492 patients had any systemic or allergic-type adverse reaction. Among the 256 patients studied with histology, 116 were H. pylori positive on biopsies. Using 4 %o as cut-off value for DOB30,115 out of the 256 patients were positive on UBT, with only 2 false positive and 3 false negative. With this threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the UBT were 97.4%, 98.5%, and 98.0%, respectively. (13)C-UBT has proven to be a safe and simple, yet accurate, test for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D'Elios
- Patologia Medica IV, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
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22
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D'Elios MM, Amedei A, Manghetti M, Costa F, Baldari CT, Quazi AS, Telford JL, Romagnani S, Del Prete G. Impaired T-cell regulation of B-cell growth in Helicobacter pylori--related gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:1105-12. [PMID: 10535873 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(99)70395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neoplastic B cells of the Helicobacter pylori-related low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are responsive to T helper cells and sensitive to withdrawal of H. pylori-induced T-cell help. METHODS The clonal progeny of T cells from the gastric mucosa of 5 patients with MALT lymphoma was compared with that of T-cell clones obtained from 5 H. pylori-infected patients with chronic gastritis. RESULTS T-cell clones were assessed for specificity to H. pylori, cytokine profile, help for B-cell proliferation, and perforin- or Fas-mediated cytotoxic regulation of B-cell growth. Twenty-eight of 165 CD4(+) gastric clones from MALT lymphoma and 33 of 178 CD4(+) clones from chronic gastritis recognized H. pylori antigens. Cytokine production was similar in the 2 series of clones. All MALT lymphoma-derived clones dose-dependently increased their B-cell help, whereas clones from chronic gastritis lost helper activity at T-to-B-cell ratios greater than 1 because of concomitant cytolytic killing of B cells. T-cell clones from MALT lymphoma had both reduced perforin-mediated cytotoxicity and poor ability to induce Fas-mediated apoptosis. These defects were limited to gastric T cells. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori-induced T cell-dependent B-cell activation and deficient cytotoxic control of B-cell growth may link H. pylori infection, local T-cell response, and genesis of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D'Elios
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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23
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Contigli C, Silva-Teixeira DN, Del Prete G, D'Elios MM, De Carli M, Manghetti M, Amedei A, Almerigogna F, Lambertucci JR, Goes AM. Phenotype and cytokine profile of Schistosoma mansoni specific T cell lines and clones derived from schistosomiasis patients with distinct clinical forms. Clin Immunol 1999; 91:338-44. [PMID: 10370380 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1999.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to distinguish the role of T lymphocytes on the physiopathology associated to more severe forms of schistosomiasis and on the immunomodulation that evolves in the majority of infected people. In this study, we generated Schistosoma mansoni-specific T cell lines and clones from patients with the acute and chronic (intestinal and hepatosplenic forms) phases of disease, from former ones, and from uninfected individuals sensitized to parasite soluble antigens. T cell lines derived from nontreated acute infected donors were capable of producing IL-4 and IL-5, while cells from treated patients secreted IFN-gamma. Lines from intestinal chronic and antigen-sensitized donors preferentially produced IFN-gamma, while those from hepatosplenic patients secreted all three cytokines. The cytokine analysis of CD4+ T cell clones revealed a Th2/Th0 pattern (clones producing IL-4 and IL-5 and clones producing all three cytokines) for those derived from infected patients, while cells from antigen-sensitized donors exhibited an opposite Th1/Th0 pattern (clones producing IFN-gamma and clones producing all three cytokines). The possible role of these T cell populations on human schistosomiasis mansoni is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Contigli
- Departamento Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
CD30 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in lesional skin biopsies of eight patients with active atopic dermatitis (AD) and three patients with allergic contact (nickel-induced) dermatitis (ACD). CD30 expression was also assessed in a large panel of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell clones generated from the skin biopsies of four patients with AD. Finally, the levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) were measured in the serum of 41 patients with AD, 19 patients with ACD, and 60 healthy controls. In all specimens of lesional AD skin, where the great majority of infiltrating cells were CD4+ T cells, remarkable numbers of cells were CD30+, whereas virtually no CD30+ cells were found in the skin of patients with ACD. In CD4+ T-cell clones generated from the lesional AD skin, most of which produced both interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (Th0-like cells) or IL-4 and IL-5, but not IFN-gamma (Th2-like cells), CD30 expression directly correlated with the ability to produce IL-4 and IL-5, but was inversely related to IFN-gamma production. High levels of sCD30 (correlated with disease activity: r = 0.618) were detected in the serum of most AD patients, whereas there was no increase of sCD30 levels in the serum of patients with ACD. These data support the view that Th0/Th2-type responses predominate in the skin of patients with AD and suggest that the presence of CD30+ T cells in tissues and/or increased levels of sCD30 in biologic fluids are indicative of Th2-dominated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caproni
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Italy
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25
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D'Elios MM, Manghetti M, Almerigogna F, Amedei A, Costa F, Burroni D, Baldari CT, Romagnani S, Telford JL, Del Prete G. Different cytokine profile and antigen-specificity repertoire in Helicobacter pylori-specific T cell clones from the antrum of chronic gastritis patients with or without peptic ulcer. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:1751-5. [PMID: 9247587 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830270723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection almost invariably results in chronic antral gastritis, but only a proportion of patients develop peptic ulcer. Some Hp strains may be more ulcerogenic than others, but some ulcerogenic mechanisms may also depend on the type of the host immune response. In this study, the antigen specificity and the cytokine profile of 53 Hp-specific CD4+ T cell clones derived from the antral mucosa of five patients with Hp-induced uncomplicated chronic gastritis (CG) were assessed and compared with those of 34 Hp-specific CD4+ T cell clones derived from six Hp-infected patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer (CG-PU). The majority (28/34; 82%) of gastric Hp-specific T cell clones from CG-PU patients expressed the Th1 profile and 17 (all Th1) of the 34 clones were specific for cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA). In contrast, 34 (64%) of the 53 Hp-specific gastric T cell clones derived from CG patients were able to secrete both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (Th0 profile) and only 36% expressed a polarized Th1 profile. The majority (85%) of Hp-specific clones from CG patients recognized Hp antigens other than CagA, since 13/53 (25%) were specific for urease, 6 (11%) for VacA, 6 (11%) for HSP and 20 (38%) for other undefined Hp antigens. Results provide evidence that the type of T helper cell response against Hp may vary according to the antigen involved and suggest that a polarized Th1 response may play a role in the genesis of peptic ulcer, whereas a local Th0 response, including interleukin-4 production, may represent an individual host factor which contributes to lower the degree of gastric inflammation and prevent ulcer complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D'Elios
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Immunoallergology, University of Florence, Italy
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26
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D'Elios MM, Josien R, Manghetti M, Amedei A, de Carli M, Cuturi MC, Blancho G, Buzelin F, del Prete G, Soulillou JP. Predominant Th1 cell infiltration in acute rejection episodes of human kidney grafts. Kidney Int 1997; 51:1876-84. [PMID: 9186878 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1997.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T-cells and their cytokines are thought to play a major role in the genesis of cellular infiltration and rejection in human kidney allografts. Production of Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-5) cytokines was assessed in a large series of T-cell clones, derived from core biopsies of kidney grafts in 10 patients with acute interstitial grade I/II rejection (AIR), 6 patients with a histology of "borderline rejection" (BLR) and 3 with cyclosporine A (CsA) toxicity, all receiving standard maintenance immunosuppression. Biopsies were pre-cultured in IL-2 in order to preferentially expand T-cells activated in vivo, and T-cell blasts were cloned with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and IL-2 using a highly efficient (23 to 98%) cloning technique. A total of 483 T-cell clones obtained from AIR episodes were compared with 346 and 132 clones derived from patients with BLR episodes and CsA toxicity, respectively. In two series of 22 AIR and 77 BLR T-cell clones, alloreactivity against donor cells was shown by 25 and 14% of CD8+ and 21 and 4% of CD4+ clones, respectively. When stimulated by donor-derived EBV B-cells, all these alloreactive clones produced IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-5 (Th1 clones). Upon stimulation with PHA, the principal qualitative and quantitative differences between AIR- and BLR-derived T-cell clones were that cells derived from AIR patients: (i) showed significantly higher proportions (80 +/- 15 vs. 55 +/- 13%) of Th1 clones in their progeny; (ii) included smaller proportions (3 +/- 4 vs. 20 +/- 17%) of clones incapable of producing IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-5 ('null' clones); and (iii) produced significantly higher quantities of IFN-gamma (100 +/- 50 vs. 36 +/- 7 U/10(6) cells/ml), these quantities also being significantly correlated (r = 0.83) with the degree of interstitial graft infiltration (item 'i' in the Banff histological grading). The clones derived from CsA toxicity biopsies exhibited a pattern very similar to that found in BIR cases. These data lead us to conclude that the powerful inflammatory response elicited in acute rejection of a kidney graft recruits and activates both allospecific and non-specific Th1 effector cells, which are primed to high IFN-gamma production. Our results also suggest that IFN-gamma could contribute, at least in part, to the degree of graft infiltration and to the severity of the rejection episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D'Elios
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Immunoallergology, University of Florence, Italy
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27
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D'Elios M, Manghetti M, Amedei A, Burroni D, Baldari C, Del Prete G, Telford J. Cytokine profile of H. pylori specific T cells differs between peptic ulcer disease and non-ulcer chronic gastritis. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)85567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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