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Danza K, Porcelli L, De Summa S, Di Fonte R, Pilato B, Lacalamita R, Serratì S, Azzariti A, Tommasi S. The ERRα-VDR axis promotes calcitriol degradation and estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells, while VDR-CYP24A1-ERRα overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in patients with basal-like breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:904-920. [PMID: 34003583 PMCID: PMC8847991 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is used to reduce cancer risk and improve the outcome of cancer patients, but the vitamin D receptor (VDR; also known as the calcitriol receptor) pathway needs to be functionally intact to ensure the biological effects of circulating calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. Besides estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) has also been shown to interfere with the VDR pathway, but its role in the antitumor and transactivation activity of calcitriol is completely unknown in breast cancer (BC). We observed that ERRα functionally supported the proliferation of BC cell lines and acted as a calcitriol-induced regulator of VDR. As such, ERRα deregulated the calcitriol-VDR transcription by enhancing the expression of CYP24A1 as well as of both ERα and aromatase (CYP19A1) in calcitriol-treated cells. ERRα knockdown limited the effect of calcitriol by reducing calcitriol-induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and by affecting the expression of cyclin D1 and p21/Waf. The interactome analysis suggested that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) are key players in the genomic actions of the calcitriol-VDR-ERRα axis. Evaluation of patient outcomes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset showed the translational significance of the biological effects of the VDR-ERRα axis, highlighting that VDR, CYP24A1, and ERRα overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in basal-like BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Danza
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental PharmacologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Laboratory of Experimental PharmacologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of NanotechnologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental PharmacologyIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo IIBariItaly
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De Summa S, Danza K, Pilato B, Matera G, Fasano R, Calabrese A, Lacalamita R, Silvestris N, Tommasi S, Argentiero A, Brunetti O. A Promising Role of TGF-β Pathway in Response to Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Case Report. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57111241. [PMID: 34833459 PMCID: PMC8619854 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types around the world. The prognosis of patients with advanced diseases is still poor in spite of currently available therapeutic options. Regorafenib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved to treat refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated Somatic mutations in several genes involved in immunological response and cancer progression in both long/short responder mCRC patients who underwent third-line therapy with regorafenib to identify predictive biomarkers of response using Ion Torrent PGM sequencing and bioinformatic tools. We found Somatic mutations in TGFBR1, TGFBR2, and TGFBR3 genes in primary tumor and metastases samples of long-responder patients. Furthermore, our bioinformatic results show that they were mainly enriched in immune response, cell junction, and cell adhesion in long responder patients, particularly in primary tumor and metastatic sites. These data suggest that the TGF-b pattern could be the leading actor of a prolonged response to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (K.D.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Katia Danza
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (K.D.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (K.D.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (K.D.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (N.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (K.D.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (N.S.); (A.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (K.D.); (B.P.); (G.M.); (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (N.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.F.); (N.S.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Daniele A, Divella R, Pilato B, Tommasi S, Pasanisi P, Patruno M, Digennaro M, Minoia C, Dellino M, Pisconti S, Casamassima P, Savino E, Paradiso AV. Can harmful lifestyle, obesity and weight changes increase the risk of breast cancer in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers? A Mini review. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:45. [PMID: 34706754 PMCID: PMC8554866 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes are associated with an inherited susceptibility to breast cancer with a cumulative risk of 60% in BRCA 1 mutation carriers and of 30% in BRCA 2 mutation carriers. Several lifestyle factors could play a role in determining an individual’s risk of breast cancer. Obesity, changes in body size or unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity have been evaluated as possible determinants of breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to explore the current understanding of the role of harmful lifestyle and obesity or weight change in the development of breast cancer in female carriers of BRCA 1/2 mutations. Methods Articles were identified from MEDLINE in October 2020 utilizing related keywords; they were then read and notes, study participants, measures, data analysis and results were used to write this review. Results Studies with very large case series have been carried out but only few of them have shown consistent results. Additional research would be beneficial to better determine the actual role and impact of such factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniele
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - R Divella
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - B Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - P Pasanisi
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Patruno
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS- Istituto "Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - M Digennaro
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS- Istituto "Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - C Minoia
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Dellino
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Pisconti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - P Casamassima
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E Savino
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A V Paradiso
- Science Direction, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
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Patruno M, De Summa S, Resta N, Caputo M, Costanzo S, Digennaro M, Pilato B, Bagnulo R, Pantaleo A, Simone C, Natalicchio MI, De Matteis E, Tarantino P, Tommasi S, Paradiso A. Spectrum of Germline Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1/2 Genes in the Apulian Southern Italy Population: Geographic Distribution and Evidence for Targeted Genetic Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184714. [PMID: 34572941 PMCID: PMC8467705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two major high-penetrance breast/ovarian cancer predisposition genes, whose mutations can lead to high risk and early onset of breast and ovarian cancer. Numerous studies are focused on spectrum and prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations worldwide. This is the first study that exclusively focused on native Apulian probands. We found that ten recurrent BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants account for more than half of the patients with proven HBOC syndrome from Apulia. Besides BRCA1 c.5266dupC, which is present in significant numbers in every Apulian province, the other PVs occur at a high frequency in some areas and not others. In-depth knowledge of the mutation spectrum of the target population and of the relatively small number of recurrent mutations is crucial to develop a specific cost-effective strategy for mutation screening and a program for breast–ovarian cancer control and prevention through more liberal, yet rational, genetic testing and counseling. Abstract BRCA1/2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is the most common form of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and occurs in all ethnicities and racial populations. Different BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) have been reported with a wide variety among populations. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed prevalence and geographic distribution of pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 variants in families from Apulia in southern Italy and evaluated the genotype–phenotype correlations. Data were collected from Oncogenetic Services present in Apulian hospitals and a shared database was built containing Apulian native probands (n = 2026) that had undergone genetic testing from 2004 to 2019. PVs were detected in 499 of 2026 (24.6%) probands and 68.5% of them (342 of 499) were in the BRCA1 gene. We found 65 different PVs in BRCA1 and 46 in BRCA2. There were 10 most recurrent PVs and their geographical distribution appears to be significantly specific for each province. We have assumed that these PVs are related to the historical and geopolitical changes that occurred in Apulia over time and/or to a “founder effect”. Broader knowledge of BRCA1/2 prevalence and recurring PVs in specific geographic areas could help establish more flexible genetic testing strategies that may enhance our ability to detect high-risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Patruno
- Center for Hereditary Tumors Research, Istituto Tumori Bari, Giovani Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular and Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS-IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.R.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Mariapia Caputo
- Molecular and Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS-IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Costanzo
- Center for Hereditary Tumors Research, Istituto Tumori Bari, Giovani Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Digennaro
- Center for Hereditary Tumors Research, Istituto Tumori Bari, Giovani Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular and Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS-IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.R.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.R.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.R.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (C.S.)
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Tarantino
- Medical Genetics Unit, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular and Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS-IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Center for Hereditary Tumors Research, Istituto Tumori Bari, Giovani Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.); (A.P.)
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Guglielmi C, Scarpitta R, Gambino G, Conti E, Bellè F, Tancredi M, Cervelli T, Falaschi E, Cosini C, Aretini P, Congregati C, Marino M, Patruno M, Pilato B, Spina F, Balestrino L, Tenedini E, Carnevali I, Cortesi L, Tagliafico E, Tibiletti MG, Tommasi S, Ghilli M, Vivanet C, Galli A, Caligo MA. Detection of Germline Variants in 450 Breast/Ovarian Cancer Families with a Multi-Gene Panel Including Coding and Regulatory Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147693. [PMID: 34299313 PMCID: PMC8305371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progress of sequencing technologies, an ever-increasing number of variants of unknown functional and clinical significance (VUS) have been identified in both coding and non-coding regions of the main Breast Cancer (BC) predisposition genes. The aim of this study is to identify a mutational profile of coding and intron-exon junction regions of 12 moderate penetrance genes (ATM, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53) in a cohort of 450 Italian patients with Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, wild type for germline mutation in BRCA1/2 genes. The analysis was extended to 5′UTR and 3′UTR of all the genes listed above and to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 known regulatory regions in a subset of 120 patients. The screening was performed through NGS target resequencing on the Illumina platform MiSeq. 8.7% of the patients analyzed is carriers of class 5/4 coding variants in the ATM (3.6%), BRIP1 (1.6%), CHEK2 (1.8%), PALB2 (0.7%), RAD51C (0.4%), RAD51D (0.4%), and TP53 (0.2%) genes, while variants of uncertain pathological significance (VUSs)/class 3 were identified in 9.1% of the samples. In intron-exon junctions and in regulatory regions, variants were detected respectively in 5.1% and in 32.5% of the cases analyzed. The average age of disease onset of 44.4 in non-coding variant carriers is absolutely similar to the average age of disease onset in coding variant carriers for each proband’s group with the same cancer type. Furthermore, there is not a statistically significant difference in the proportion of cases with a tumor onset under age of 40 between the two groups, but the presence of multiple non-coding variants in the same patient may affect the aggressiveness of the tumor and it is worth underlining that 25% of patients with an aggressive tumor are carriers of a PTEN 3′UTR-variant. This data provides initial information on how important it might be to extend mutational screening to the regulatory regions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Guglielmi
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Rosa Scarpitta
- Division of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Gaetana Gambino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Conti
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Bellè
- Functional Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Mariella Tancredi
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Cervelli
- Functional Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Falaschi
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Cosini
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Paolo Aretini
- Section of Oncological Genomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Congregati
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Marino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (E.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Margherita Patruno
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Francesca Spina
- SC Medical Genetics, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (F.S.); (L.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Luisa Balestrino
- SC Medical Genetics, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (F.S.); (L.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (E.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Ileana Carnevali
- Ospedale di Circolo ASST Settelaghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (I.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (E.T.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.P.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Matteo Ghilli
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Vivanet
- SC Medical Genetics, ASSL Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; (F.S.); (L.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Alvaro Galli
- Functional Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- SOD Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.C.); (M.T.); (E.F.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.A.C.)
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De Summa S, Palazzo A, Caputo M, Iacobazzi RM, Pilato B, Porcelli L, Tommasi S, Paradiso AV, Azzariti A. Long Non-Coding RNA Landscape in Prostate Cancer Molecular Subtypes: A Feature Selection Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2227. [PMID: 33672425 PMCID: PMC7926489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. It is characterized by a high molecular genomic heterogeneity and, thus, molecular subtypes, that, to date, have not been used in clinical practice. In the present paper, we aimed to better stratify prostate cancer patients through the selection of robust long non-coding RNAs. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a bioinformatic approach focused on feature selection applied to a TCGA dataset was used. In such a way, LINC00668 and long non-coding(lnc)-SAYSD1-1, able to discriminate ERG/not-ERG subtypes, were demonstrated to be positive prognostic biomarkers in ERG-positive patients. Furthermore, we performed a comparison between mutated prostate cancer, identified as "classified", and a group of patients with no peculiar genomic alteration, named "not-classified". Moreover, LINC00920 lncRNA overexpression has been linked to a better outcome of the hormone regimen. Through the feature selection approach, it was found that the overexpression of lnc-ZMAT3-3 is related to low-grade patients, and three lncRNAs: lnc-SNX10-87, lnc-AP1S2-2, and ADPGK-AS1 showed, through a co-expression analysis, significant correlation values with potentially druggable pathways. In conclusion, the data mining of publicly available data and robust bioinformatic analyses are able to explore the unknown biology of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Antonio Palazzo
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mariapia Caputo
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (B.P.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (L.P.); (A.A.)
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Bruno E, Oliverio A, Paradiso A, Daniele A, Tommasi S, Terribile DA, Filippone A, Digennaro M, Pilato B, Danza K, Guarino D, Rossi C, Rossi MM, Venturelli E, Giussani M, Peissel B, Pasanisi P. Lifestyle Characteristics in Women Carriers of BRCA Mutations: Results From an Italian Trial Cohort. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e168-e176. [PMID: 33357965 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with deleterious mutations in BRCA1/2 have a high lifetime penetrance of developing breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer. Genetic and/or environmental factors may influence BRCA penetrance, and identifying modifiable exposures might be valuable for prevention. PATIENTS AND METHODS We implemented a multicenter prospective 2-arm (1:1) randomized controlled trial to investigate whether a Mediterranean dietary intervention with moderate protein restriction would reduce potential modulators of BRCA penetrance such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), body weight, and metabolic risk factors. We studied the baseline characteristics of women with BRCA-positive disease who joined the trial cohort, focusing on the relationships between selected lifestyle exposures, metabolic/anthropometric parameters, and BRCA-related cancer. RESULTS A total of 502 women (304 with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer and 198 unaffected) with deleterious BRCA mutations, with or without a previous cancer, aged 18 to 70 years and without metastases were included. Late age at menarche and pregnancy were negatively associated with BRCA-related cancer, especially in women with BRCA1-positive disease. Higher fat mass and the presence of 4 or 5 metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with BRCA-related cancer (hazard ratio, 1.87, 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.88; and hazard ratio, 1.87, 95% confidence interval, 1.11-3.19, respectively), with greater effect in BRCA2-positive women. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm previous observations about reproductive factors in women with BRCA disease and suggest a potential impact of metabolic factors in BRCA-related cancer. The prospective follow-up of the trial cohort will enable us to study the environmental modulators of BRCA penetrance and their impact in relation to the history of BRCA-related cancer. [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03066856].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bruno
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela A Terribile
- Department of Women Health Area, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Digennaro
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Danza
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Rossi
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venturelli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Giussani
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Paradiso AV, Patruno M, Digennaro M, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Argentiero A, Brunetti O, Silvestris N. Somatic BRCA Mutation in a Cholangiocarcinoma Patient for HBOC Syndrome Detection. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1292. [PMID: 32903564 PMCID: PMC7438755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is characterized by an increased risk of developing other malignancies including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Somatic BRCA mutations have been reported in CCA, but they have yet to be utilized in a proband case to identify HBOC in families. Two healthy daughters of a deceased female patient who had had metachronous breast cancer and CCA received genetic counseling to assess their cancer risk. Somatic BRCA1/2 mutation analysis was performed by next-generation sequencing on the DNA extracted from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CCA biopsy specimen of their mother. A pathogenic variant was identified (c.6468_6469delTC in a BRCA2 gene mutation). Germline BRCA mutation analysis of the two daughters detected the same pathogenic variant in one of them. For the first time, a CCA somatic BRCA mutation has been used to identify a family with HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Virgilio Paradiso
- Experimental Oncology-Center for the Study of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.,Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Patruno
- Experimental Oncology-Center for the Study of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Digennaro
- Experimental Oncology-Center for the Study of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular and Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular and Pharmacogenetics Diagnostic Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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9
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Daniele A, Paradiso AV, Divella R, Digennaro M, Patruno M, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Tufaro A, Barone M, Minoia C, Colangelo D, Savino E, Casamassima P, Bruno E, Oliverio A, Pasanisi P. The Role of Circulating Adiponectin and SNP276G>T at ADIPOQ Gene in BRCA-mutant Women. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:301-307. [PMID: 32345671 PMCID: PMC7259884 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors may influence the lifetime risk of cancer (penetrance) in women with a BRCA mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 89 BRCA-mutant women, affected or unaffected by breast/ovarian cancer, we explored serum levels of adipokines and their relation with the polymorphism SNP276G>T as modulators of BRCA penetrance. RESULTS Affected women had significantly lower adiponectin than healthy women. Affected women with rs1501299 TT had significantly lower adiponectin and higher leptin than GT and GG genotypes. GT genotype was significantly associated with the disease status [odds ratio (OR)=3.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.03-10.17]. Women in the lower tertile of serum adiponectin had a RR of BRCA-associated cancer of 2.80, 95% CI=1.1-7.1 (p for trend=0.03) compared with women in the higher tertile. CONCLUSION In the SNP rs1501299 the T allele was significantly associated with lower serum levels of adiponectin in affected women, suggesting that the T allele might be related to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Daniele
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Virgilio Paradiso
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Divella
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Digennaro
- Experimental Oncology - Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Patruno
- Experimental Oncology - Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Tufaro
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carla Minoia
- Onco-Hematology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Colangelo
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Eufemia Savino
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Porzia Casamassima
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit - Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit - Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit - Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Tommasi S, Pilato B, Carella C, Lasorella A, Danza K, Vallini I, De Summa S, Naglieri E. Standardization of CTC AR-V7 PCR assay and evaluation of its role in castration resistant prostate cancer progression. Prostate 2019; 79:54-61. [PMID: 30141201 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) represents the most aggressive status of this neoplastic disease, also characterized by the absence of biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome. New drugs as abiraterone or enzalutamide, affecting androgen receptor pathway at different levels, inhibit the proliferative advantage of prostate cancer cells with important long term benefits. Despite the advantages of this second-generation androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), resistance mechanisms, primitive or acquired, often develop. The existence of androgen receptor (AR) splice variants (AR-Vs), in particular AR-V7 expression detected in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), represents an example of acquired resistance, as evidenced in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent studies also have suggested the role of AR-V7 as a prognostic biomarker in mCRPC. In this field, hot topics are the methodology used to isolate CTC and the assay for AR-V7 measurement. Our study aims to develop a standardized operating procedure (SOP) to evaluate AR-V7 in CRPC. METHOD The application of a realized cell based Reference Sample as Standardized Quality Control tool for CTC-AR-V7 assay has been shown. Then the development, the performance evaluation and contextualization in a clinical setting of this standardized operating procedure (SOP) have been reported to evaluate the prognostic biomarker AR-V7 in metastatic prostate cancer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The standardized procedure has high sensitivity and specificity and enables the detection and quantification of the spliced variant with respect to the full length AR (AR-FL) mRNA in CTC DNA purified from the blood of patients with CRPC. This procedure has been further validated in a consecutive series of patients with mCRPC, confirming its role as prognostic biomarker.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/blood
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/diagnosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/blood
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/blood
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carella
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Lasorella
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
- Bird srl, R&D Facility, Rezzato, Italy
| | - Katia Danza
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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11
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De Summa S, Guida M, Tommasi S, Strippoli S, Pellegrini C, Fargnoli MC, Pilato B, Natalicchio I, Guida G, Pinto R. Genetic profiling of a rare condition: co-occurrence of albinism and multiple primary melanoma in a Caucasian family. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29751-29759. [PMID: 27776349 PMCID: PMC5444700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is a rare condition, whose genetic basis has not yet been clarified. Only 8-12% of MPM are due to germline mutations of CDKN2A. However, other genes (POT1, BRCA1/2, MC1R, MGMT) have been demonstrated to be involved in predisposition to this pathology. To our knowledge, this is the first family study based on two siblings with the rare coexistence of MPM and oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the absence or decrease in pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. In this study, we evaluated genes involved in melanoma predisposition (CDKN2A, CDK4, MC1R, MITF, POT1, RB1, MGMT, BRCA1, BRCA2), pathogenesis (BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, KIT, PTEN), skin/hair pigmentation (MC1R, MITF) and in immune pathways (CTLA4) to individuate alterations able to explain the rare onset of MPM and OCA in indexes and the transmission in their pedigree. From the analysis of the pedigree, we were able to identify a “protective” haplotype with respect to MPM, including MGMT p.I174V alteration. The second generation offspring is under strict follow up as some of them have a higher risk of developing MPM according to our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Summa
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Oncology Unit, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Oncology Unit, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Pellegrini
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Fargnoli
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Guida
- University of Bari, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
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12
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De Summa S, Graziano F, Pilato B, Pinto R, Danza K, Lacalamita R, Serratì S, Sambiasi D, Grassi M, Tommasi S. Six low-penetrance SNPs for the estimation of breast cancer heritability: A family-based study in Caucasian Italian patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4384-4390. [PMID: 28943953 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignancy with a strong heritable component. Genetic counseling has been principally focused on families carrying high-penetrance breast cancer 1/2, early onset genes. Current modeling suggests that the majority of the unexplained fraction of familial risk is likely to be explained by a polygenic model. The aim of the present study was to estimate the heritability (h2) of breast cancer susceptibility through the analysis of 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1, cyclin D1, cytochrome C oxidase copper chaperone, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, TOX high mobility group box family member 3 and solute carrier family 4 member 7. These 6 SNPs, previously identified by genome-wide association studies, were considered to evaluate the additive and common environmental components that contribute to the development of breast cancer in nuclear (pedigrees including only first degree relationships) and in extended families (with at most third degree relationships). A total of 22 extended pedigrees, subsequently split into 52 nuclear pedigrees were analyzed. An example of splitting process from extended to nuclear pedigree is shown in Fig. 1. Firstly, an underline latent continuous trait (Y*) using breast cancer status and information of 6 breast cancer-associated SNPs was calculated. This novel trait summarized the susceptibility of breast cancer in each individual. Secondly, the h2 of Y* was estimated using an additive polygenic-common environment-unique error model. h2 was evaluated in extended and immediate pedigrees, obtaining comparable results. h2 accounts for ~40% of the total phenotypic variance, indicating a fairly strong additive genetic effect of breast cancer susceptibility. The present study indicated the importance of the evaluation and consideration of these six SNPs, which can be used as instrumental variables in order to obtain improved genetic models that are useful for h2 analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Summa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Graziano
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, NeuroPhysiology and Psychiatry, Unit of Medical Statistics and Genomics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Danza
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Sambiasi
- Familial Hereditary Cancer Study Unit, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, NeuroPhysiology and Psychiatry, Unit of Medical Statistics and Genomics, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
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13
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Digennaro M, Sambiasi D, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Diotaiuti S, Kardhashi A, Trojano G, Tufaro A, Paradiso AV. Hereditary and non-hereditary branches of family eligible for BRCA test: cancers in other sites. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28559958 PMCID: PMC5445420 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-017-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of relationships of BRCA alterations with cancer at sites other than breast/ovary may provide innovative information concerning BRCA pathogenic role and support additional clinical decisions. Aim of this study is to compare presence of cancers in other sites in members of hereditary (H) and not-hereditary (nH) branches of families of patients eligible to BRCA test. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of cancer in other sites in members of 136 families eligible for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer genetic counseling at Centro Studi Tumori Eredo-familiari of our Institute; we compared the frequency of other cancer types in 1156 members of the H-branch with respect to 1062 members of nH-Branch. The families belonging to a proband case and with informative members in at least three generation entered the present study. RESULTS The frequency of other Cancers in members of H-branch was significantly higher than that in members of nH-branch (161 vs 75 cancers; p < 0.0001). In specific, members of H-branch had a significantly higher probability to have more lung cancer (38 vs 9;p < 0.0006), kidney cancer (23 vs 5;p < 0.0005), liver cancer (13 vs 3;p < 0.02) and larynx cancer (14 vs 4;p < 0.03). Interestingly, to belong to H-branch resulted significantly associated with a higher probability of lung cancer (OR 4.5; 2.15-9.38 95%C.I.), liver cancer (OR: 4.02; 1.14-14.15 95% C.I.) and larynx cancer (OR:3.4; 1.12-10.39 95%C.I.) independently from Gender and Age. CONCLUSIONS Members belonging to the H-branch of families of patients eligible to BRCA test have a higher risk of tumors in lung, larynx and liver. Clinicians should consider the increased risk for these cancers to activate prevention/early diagnosis practices in members of families with breast/ovarian familial cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Digennaro
- Centro Studi Tumori Eredo-familiari. Istituto Tumori G Paolo II,IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - D Sambiasi
- Centro Studi Tumori Eredo-familiari. Istituto Tumori G Paolo II,IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - S Tommasi
- Laboratorio Genetica Molecolare; Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - B Pilato
- Laboratorio Genetica Molecolare; Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - S Diotaiuti
- UO Senologia Tumori. Istituto Tumori G Paolo II,IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - A Kardhashi
- UO Senologia Tumori. Istituto Tumori G Paolo II,IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy.,UO Ginecologia Oncologica, Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - G Trojano
- ASST Fatebene Fratelli, Milan, Italy
| | - A Tufaro
- Biobanca Istituzionale, Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - A V Paradiso
- Centro Studi Tumori Eredo-familiari. Istituto Tumori G Paolo II,IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Centro Studi Tumori Eredo-Familiari, Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, IRCCS, Via O. Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
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14
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Ciavarella S, Laurenzana A, De Summa S, Pilato B, Chillà A, Lacalamita R, Minoia C, Margheri F, Iacobazzi A, Rana A, Merchionne F, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M, Guarini A, Tommasi S, Serratì S. u-PAR expression in cancer associated fibroblast: new acquisitions in multiple myeloma progression. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:215. [PMID: 28340565 PMCID: PMC5366111 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy in which clonal plasma cells progressively expand within the bone marrow (BM) as effect of complex interactions with extracellular matrix and a number of microenvironmental cells. Among these, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) mediate crucial reciprocal signals with MM cells and are associated to aggressive disease and poor prognosis. A large body of evidence emphasizes the role of the urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its receptor u-PAR in potentiating the invasion capacity of tumor plasma cells, but little is known about their role in the biology of MM CAF. In this study, we investigated the u-PA/u-PAR axis in MM-associated fibroblasts and explore additional mechanisms of tumor/stroma interplay in MM progression. Methods CAF were purified from total BM stromal fraction of 64 patients including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, asymptomatic and symptomatic MM, as well as MM in post-treatment remission. Flow cytometry, Real Time PCR and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the u-PA/u-PAR system in relation to the level of activation of CAF at different stages of the disease. Moreover, proliferation and invasion assays coupled with silencing experiments were used to prove, at functional level, the function of u-PAR in CAF. Results We found higher activation level, along with increased expression of pro-invasive molecules, including u-PA, u-PAR and metalloproteinases, in CAF from patients with symptomatic MM compared to the others stages of the disease. Consistently, CAF from active MM as well as U266 cell line under the influence of medium conditioned by active MM CAF, display higher proliferative rate and invasion potential, which were significantly restrained by u-PAR gene expression inhibition. Conclusions Our data suggest that the stimulation of u-PA/u-PAR system contributes to the activated phenotype and function of CAF during MM progression, providing a biological rationale for future targeted therapies against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ciavarella
- National Cancer Research Centre IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S De Summa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - B Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Chillà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Lacalamita
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - C Minoia
- National Cancer Research Centre IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Iacobazzi
- National Cancer Research Centre IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - A Rana
- National Cancer Research Centre IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - F Merchionne
- National Cancer Research Centre IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - G Fibbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Guarini
- National Cancer Research Centre IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - S Serratì
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy. .,Nanotecnology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
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15
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Danza K, De Summa S, Pinto R, Pilato B, Palumbo O, Carella M, Popescu O, Digennaro M, Lacalamita R, Tommasi S. TGFbeta and miRNA regulation in familial and sporadic breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50715-50723. [PMID: 28881597 PMCID: PMC5584195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The term ‘BRCAness’ was introduced to identify sporadic malignant tumors sharing characteristics similar to those germline BRCA-related. Among all mechanisms attributable to BRCA1 expression silencing, a major role has been assigned to microRNAs. MicroRNAs role in familial and sporadic breast cancer has been explored but few data are available about microRNAs involvement in homologous recombination repair control in these breast cancer subgroups. Our aim was to seek microRNAs associated to pathways underlying DNA repair dysfunction in breast cancer according to a family history of the disease. Affymetrix GeneChip microRNA Arrays were used to perform microRNA expression analysis in familial and sporadic breast cancer. Pathway enrichment analysis and microRNA target prediction was carried out using DIANA miRPath v.3 web-based computational tool and miRWalk v.2 database. We analyzed an external gene expression dataset (E-GEOD-49481), including both familial and sporadic breast cancers. For microRNA validation, an independent set of 19 familial and 10 sporadic breast cancers was used. Microarray analysis identified a signature of 28 deregulated miRNAs. For our validation analyses by real time PCR, we focused on miR-92a-1*, miR-1184 and miR-943 because associated to TGF-β signalling pathway, ATM and BRCA1 genes expression. Our results highlighted alterations in miR-92a-1*, miR-1184 and miR-943 expression levels suggesting their involvement in repair of DNA double-strand breaks through TGF-beta pathway control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Danza
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', Medical Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', Medical Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Ondina Popescu
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Anatomopathology Unit, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Maria Digennaro
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Experimental Medical Oncology Unit, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
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16
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Serratì S, De Summa S, Pilato B, Petriella D, Lacalamita R, Tommasi S, Pinto R. Next-generation sequencing: advances and applications in cancer diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7355-7365. [PMID: 27980425 PMCID: PMC5144906 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advances have led to the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms in cancer investigation. NGS allows massive parallel sequencing that affords maximal tumor genomic assessment. NGS approaches are different, and concern DNA and RNA analysis. DNA sequencing includes whole-genome, whole-exome, and targeted sequencing, which focuses on a selection of genes of interest for a specific disease. RNA sequencing facilitates the detection of alternative gene-spliced transcripts, posttranscriptional modifications, gene fusion, mutations/single-nucleotide polymorphisms, small and long noncoding RNAs, and changes in gene expression. Most applications are in the cancer research field, but lately NGS technology has been revolutionizing cancer molecular diagnostics, due to the many advantages it offers compared to traditional methods. There is greater knowledge on solid cancer diagnostics, and recent interest has been shown also in the field of hematologic cancer. In this review, we report the latest data on NGS diagnostic/predictive clinical applications in solid and hematologic cancers. Moreover, since the amount of NGS data produced is very large and their interpretation is very complex, we briefly discuss two bioinformatic aspects, variant-calling accuracy and copy-number variation detection, which are gaining a lot of importance in cancer-diagnostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serratì
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Petriella
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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17
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Pilato B, Pinto R, De Summa S, Petriella D, Lacalamita R, Danza K, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. BRCA1-2 diagnostic workflow from next-generation sequencing technologies to variant identification and final report. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:803-13. [PMID: 27225819 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRCA1-BRCA2 genes predispose to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, and the germline and mutational status of these genes defines a target population that can benefit from PARP inhibitor treatments. To respond to the increasing number of BRCA1-BRCA2 tests, it is necessary to shift to high-throughput technologies that are reliable and less time consuming. Different methodological platforms are dedicated to this purpose with different approaches and algorithms for analysis. Our aim was to set up a cost-effective and low time-consuming BRCA1-BRCA2 mutation detection workflow using the Ion Torrent PGM technology. A retrospective cohort of 40 patients with familial breast/ovarian cancer previously tested by Sanger sequencing and a prospective cohort of 72 patients (validation set) were analyzed. The validation set included 64 patients affected by familial breast/ovarian cancer and eight sporadic ovarian cancer cases, who are potential candidates for PARPi treatments. A complete and standardized workflow easily usable and suitable in a certified laboratory has been proved and validated. This includes all steps from library preparation to the final report. The use of next-generation sequencing will be of benefit for patients enrolled in the genetic counseling process and, moreover, will enhance the process of selecting patients eligible for personalized treatments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Petriella
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Danza
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Experimental Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II,", Bari, Italy
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18
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Danza K, De Summa S, Pinto R, Pilato B, Palumbo O, Merla G, Simone G, Tommasi S. MiR-578 and miR-573 as potential players in BRCA-related breast cancer angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:471-83. [PMID: 25333258 PMCID: PMC4381608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of microRNA (miRNAs), a new class of small RNA molecules, in governing angiogenesis has been well described. Our aim was to investigate miRNA-mediated regulation of angiogenesis in a series of familial breast cancers stratified by BRCA1/2 mutational status in BRCA carriers and BRCA non-carriers (BRCAX). Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA Arrays were used to perform miRNA expression analysis on 43 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue familial breast cancers (22 BRCA 1/2-related and 21 BRCAX). Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out with the DIANA miRPath v2.0 web-based computational tool, and the miRWalk database was used to identify target genes of deregulated miRNAs. An independent set of 8 BRCA 1/2-related and 11 BRCAX breast tumors was used for validation by Real-Time PCR. In vitro analysis on HEK293, MCF-7 and SUM149PT cells were performed to best-clarify miR-573 and miR-578 role. A set of 16 miRNAs differentially expressed between BRCA 1/2-related and BRCAX breast tumors emerged from the profile analysis. Among these, miR-578 and miR-573 were found to be down-regulated in BRCA 1/2-related breast cancer and associated to the Focal adhesion, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways. Our data highlight the role of miR-578 and miR-573 in controlling BRCA 1/2-related angiogenesis by targeting key regulators of Focal adhesion, VEGF and HIF-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Danza
- IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Bari, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Medical Genetics Unit - San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Medical Genetics Unit - San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Gianni Simone
- IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Anatomopathology Unit - Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Molecular Genetics Laboratory - Bari, Italy
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19
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Peterlongo P, Catucci I, Colombo M, Caleca L, Mucaki E, Bogliolo M, Marin M, Damiola F, Bernard L, Pensotti V, Volorio S, Dall'Olio V, Meindl A, Bartram C, Sutter C, Surowy H, Sornin V, Dondon MG, Eon-Marchais S, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Andrieu N, Sinilnikova OM, Mitchell G, James PA, Thompson E, Marchetti M, Verzeroli C, Tartari C, Capone GL, Putignano AL, Genuardi M, Medici V, Marchi I, Federico M, Tognazzo S, Matricardi L, Agata S, Dolcetti R, Della Puppa L, Cini G, Gismondi V, Viassolo V, Perfumo C, Mencarelli MA, Baldassarri M, Peissel B, Roversi G, Silvestri V, Rizzolo P, Spina F, Vivanet C, Tibiletti MG, Caligo MA, Gambino G, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Tondini C, Corna C, Bonanni B, Barile M, Osorio A, Benitez J, Balestrino L, Ottini L, Manoukian S, Pierotti MA, Renieri A, Varesco L, Couch FJ, Wang X, Devilee P, Hilbers FS, van Asperen CJ, Viel A, Montagna M, Cortesi L, Diez O, Balmaña J, Hauke J, Schmutzler RK, Papi L, Pujana MA, Lázaro C, Falanga A, Offit K, Vijai J, Campbell I, Burwinkel B, Kvist A, Ehrencrona H, Mazoyer S, Pizzamiglio S, Verderio P, Surralles J, Rogan PK, Radice P. FANCM c.5791C>T nonsense mutation (rs144567652) induces exon skipping, affects DNA repair activity and is a familial breast cancer risk factor. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5345-55. [PMID: 26130695 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic factors that influence breast cancer risk are known. However, approximately two-thirds of the overall familial risk remain unexplained. To determine whether some of the missing heritability is due to rare variants conferring high to moderate risk, we tested for an association between the c.5791C>T nonsense mutation (p.Arg1931*; rs144567652) in exon 22 of FANCM gene and breast cancer. An analysis of genotyping data from 8635 familial breast cancer cases and 6625 controls from different countries yielded an association between the c.5791C>T mutation and breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 3.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-12.11; P = 0.017)]. Moreover, we performed two meta-analyses of studies from countries with carriers in both cases and controls and of all available data. These analyses showed breast cancer associations with OR = 3.67 (95% CI = 1.04-12.87; P = 0.043) and OR = 3.33 (95% CI = 1.09-13.62; P = 0.032), respectively. Based on information theory-based prediction, we established that the mutation caused an out-of-frame deletion of exon 22, due to the creation of a binding site for the pre-mRNA processing protein hnRNP A1. Furthermore, genetic complementation analyses showed that the mutation influenced the DNA repair activity of the FANCM protein. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time showing that the common p.Arg1931* loss-of-function variant in FANCM is a risk factor for familial breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine,
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Laura Caleca
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Eliseos Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Bogliolo
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Marin
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Pensotti
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Volorio
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Dall'Olio
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Cogentech, Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Bartram
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valérie Sornin
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Dondon
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France, Institut Curie, Paris, France, Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Séverine Eon-Marchais
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France, Institut Curie, Paris, France, Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Paris, France, INSERM, U830, Paris, France, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France, Institut Curie, Paris, France, Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France, Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon/Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and
| | - Paul A James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and
| | - Ella Thompson
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Verzeroli
- Kathleen Cunningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmen Tartari
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine and
| | - Gabriele Lorenzo Capone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, FiorGen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Putignano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, FiorGen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy, FiorGen Foundation for Pharmacogenomics, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Institute of Medical Genetics, 'A. Gemelli' School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Medici
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Marchi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Federico
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Matricardi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lara Della Puppa
- Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giulia Cini
- Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Viviana Gismondi
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Viassolo
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Perfumo
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mencarelli
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Gaia Roversi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | | | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Adelaide Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University Hospital and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetana Gambino
- Section of Genetic Oncology, University Hospital and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Corna
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Spanish Genotyping Centre (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain, Spanish Genotyping Centre (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancers, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and
| | | | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Unit of Experimental Oncology 1, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Ematologia e Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d́Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Vall d́Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Papi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Conxi Lázaro
- Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine and
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services and Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Surralles
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter K Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paolo Radice
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
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De Pascalis I, Pilato B, Mazzotta A, Dell'Endice TS, Rubini V, Simone G, Paradiso A, Aiello V, Mangia A. Sister chromatid exchange: A possible approach to characterize familial breast cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:930-4. [PMID: 25434423 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency is widely used as an indicator of spontaneous chromosome instability. We investigated SCE frequency in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of familial and sporadic breast cancer (BC) patients from the Apulian Caucasian Population. Eighty-one patients were enrolled: 22 with familial history and 59 sporadic patients. Eleven familial patients had an 'increased risk' of BRCA gene mutation (BRCAPro ≥ 10%) and were candidates for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation analysis. For these reasons, we stratified the 22 familial BC patients in two group: 'low-risk' (n=11) and 'high-risk' (n=11) patients for BRCA gene mutations. Two of these 11 'high-risk' patients (18%) had pathogenic mutations in the BRCA2 gene. The subjects were not cigarette smokers or alcohol or drug users, and had no genetic disorders or chronic diseases affecting the family. Our results showed a significant increase in SCE frequency in the familial (5.305 ± 1.088/metaphase) (P<0.0001) and the sporadic patients (3.943 ± 0.552) (P<0.0001) compared to the controls (3.197 ± 0.649). We found that the SCE frequency was always significantly higher in familial than in sporadic patients, regardless of their clinicopathological characteristics. Moreover, we observed that the frequency of SCE in BRCA2 mutation carrier patients was higher compared to patients without mutations in BRCA1/2 genes. These findings highlight an intrinsic genomic instability in familial patients, and we suggest that SCE frequency may be used as a biomarker to better characterize familial BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana De Pascalis
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzotta
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Rubini
- Pathology Department, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathology Department, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Experimental Medical Oncology, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anita Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, NCRC, IRCSS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Danza K, De Summa S, Pilato B, Carella M, Palumbo O, Popescu O, Paradiso A, Pinto R, Tommasi S. Combined microRNA and ER expression: a new classifier for familial and sporadic breast cancer patients. J Transl Med 2014; 12:319. [PMID: 25406994 PMCID: PMC4239401 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of miRNAs in familial breast cancer (fBC) is poorly investigated as also in the BRCA-like tumors. To identify a specific miRNA expression pattern which could allow a better fBC classification not only based on clinico-pathological and immunophenotypical parameters we analyzed miRNA profile in familial and sporadic samples. Moreover since BRCA1 tumors and sporadic triple negative (TN) breast tumors share similarities regarding clinical outcomes and some histological characteristics, we focused on TN and not TN cases. METHODS The sample set included fresh frozen tissue samples, including 39 female fBCs (19 BRCA-related and 20 BRCAX) and 12 male fBC (BRCAX). Moreover, we considered TN and non TN (NTN), 21 BRCA-related and 27 sporadic BCs. MiRNA profiling was performed through GeneChip miRNA v.1.0 Array (Affymetrix). ANOVA, hierarchical and consensus clustering analyses allowed identification of pattern of expression of miRNAs and pathway enrichment analysis, considering validated target genes, was carried out to achieve a deeper biological understanding. RESULTS ANOVA test led to the identification of 53 deregulated miRNAs; hierarchical and consensus clustering of female fBCs (fFBCs) and male fBCs (fMBCs) highlighted the presence of 3 sample clusters named FBC1, FBC2 and FBC3. We found a correlation between ER-status and the three sample clusters. The three clusters are distinct by a different expression of two clusters of miRNAs (CLU1 and CLU2), which resulted to be different in targeted pathways. In particular, CLU1 targets cellular pathways and CLU2 is involved in epigenetic activities. Considering TN and NTN BRCA-related and sporadic tumors, a hierarchical clustering identified two clusters of miRNAs, which were not so different from CLU1 and CLU2, both in miRNA content and targeted pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted the importance of miRNA regulation to better clarify similarities and differences between familial and sporadic BC groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", v,le Orazio Flacco 65, Bari, 70124, Italy.
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22
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Pinto R, De Summa S, Pilato B, Tommasi S. DNA methylation and miRNAs regulation in hereditary breast cancer: epigenetic changes, players in transcriptional and post- transcriptional regulation in hereditary breast cancer. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:45-57. [PMID: 24295492 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131203101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genetic alterations associated with breast carcinogenesis are well known. On the contrary epigenetic alterations in hereditary breast cancer are a new field. Two epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the most critical players in transcriptional regulation in breast cancer: the methylation of DNA and microRNA interference. In this review we will focus on recent findings on gene silencing caused by DNA methylation and microRNA to explore the potential role of these epigenetic changes in the understanding of hereditary breast cancer. Moreover we will describe the same alterations in basal-like breast cancer and in triple-negative breast cancer, since their phenotypes have similarities with BRCA1-mutated tumors. To underline the possibility that some epigenetic alterations could also be used as potential epigenetic biomarkers of drug sensitivity or resistance, we will discuss the more common therapies in hereditary breast cancer that could also be applied to breast cancer with basal-like or triple negative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", v.le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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23
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Susman S, Tomuleasa C, Fekete Z, Pilato B, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. The importance of microRNAs in the stroma-breast cancer cell interplay. Cancer Biomark 2014; 14:137-44. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-130318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Susman
- Departement of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Schoolof Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Zsolt Fekete
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Brunella Pilato
- National Cancer Research Center, Istituto Tumori G Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Immunology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomic, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Tommasi S, Favia P, Weigl S, Bianco A, Pilato B, Russo L, Paradiso A, Petruzzella V. Mitochondrial DNA variants and risk of familial breast cancer: an exploratory study. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1691-8. [PMID: 24603941 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess if mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are associated with mutations in BRCA susceptibility genes and to investigate the possible role of mitochondrial alterations as susceptibility markers in familial breast cancer (BC), 22 patients with or without BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, 14 sporadic BC patients and 20 healthy subjects were analyzed. In the D-loop and in the MTND4 region, variants significantly associated with BRCA1 carriers were identified. Moreover, examination of mitochondrial haplogroups revealed X as the most significantly frequent haplogroup in BRCA1 carriers (P=0.005), and H as significantly linked to BRCA2 carriers (P=0.05). Our data suggest the involvement of the mitochondrial genome in the pathogenetic and molecular mechanism of familial BC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tommasi
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Favia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Weigl
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Angelica Bianco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Russo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
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25
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De Summa S, Pinto R, Pilato B, Sambiasi D, Porcelli L, Guida G, Mattioli E, Paradiso A, Merla G, Micale L, De Nittis P, Tommasi S. Expression of base excision repair key factors and miR17 in familial and sporadic breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1076. [PMID: 24556691 PMCID: PMC3944247 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of BRCA1/2 interaction with the base excision repair (BER) pathway could improve therapy based on ‘synthetic lethality', whose effectiveness is based on homologous recombination deficiency in cells lacking functional BRCA genes. However, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors failed in some patients and for this reason we explored BER key enzyme expression. In this study, the expression of BER enzymes (redox factor 1/apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (REF1/APEX1), NTH endonuclease III-like 1 (NTHL1), 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), PARP1) and of the scaffold protein XRCC1 (X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1) were investigated in familial (BRCA-related and not) and sporadic breast cancer cases. Furthermore, miR17 expression was measured because of its role in the epigenetic regulation of BRCA1. Gene expression was evaluated in BRCA1-mutated cell lines, SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2, and in a BRCA1-proficient triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. A cohort of 27 familial and 16 sporadic breast cancer patients was then examined to confirm results obtained from the cell line model. APEX1/REF1 was found to be upregulated in familial BRCA-wild-type and sporadic cases, indicating this enzyme as a potential therapeutic target. Furthermore, XRCC1 was overexpressed in BRCAX patients; consequently, we suggest to test the effectiveness of inhibitors targeting two different BER components in preclinical studies. XRCC1, which is also involved in the non-homologous end-joining pathway, was found to be downregulated in BRCA2-related patients concurrently with no change in PARP1 expression. Interestingly, no difference in PARP1 and miR17 expression was found in BRCA-related and sporadic breast cancer cases. PARP1 and miR17 could therefore be further investigated as molecular biomarkers of ‘BRCAness' phenotype, indicating patients which could really benefit from PARP inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Summa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - R Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - B Pilato
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - D Sambiasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - L Porcelli
- Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - G Guida
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Biology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E Mattioli
- Anatomopathology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A Paradiso
- Experimental Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - G Merla
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo delle Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - L Micale
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo delle Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - P De Nittis
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo delle Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - S Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Sambiasi D, Lambo R, Pilato B, Tommasi S, Trojano G, Kardhashi A, Digennaro M, Trojano V, Simone G, Paradiso A. BRCA1/2 and clinical outcome in a monoinstitutional cohort of women with hereditary breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:365-9. [PMID: 24145998 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of BRCA mutation carriers and non-carriers still remains a topic of discussion. In order to interpret controversial data, in the present study, we analyzed a large consecutive monoinstitutional series of breast cancer patients and relatives with familial features carrying or not carrying BRCA mutations. The intense research in recent years regarding the clinical genetics of patients with breast or ovarian cancer and their relatives has allowed the organization of a unique database comprising anamnestic, clinical, pathological and molecular data. Families with two or more cases of breast cancer under the age of 50 years, or with three cases at any age, were identified. From June, 2003 to June, 2010, a total of 202 patients (136 probands + 66 relatives) from 45 families were included in the analysis. A total of 136 (49 carrier and 87 non-carrier) cases had a cancer diagnosis at the time of their genetic testing. Twenty and 24 events were observed in the carrier and control group, respectively. The 10-year disease-free suvival rate was 57% for patients in the control group compared with 50% for patients carrying a BRCA mutation (P=0.15 by log-rank test). Finally, 66 (32 genetic and 34 control) cases were unaffected at the time of molecular analysis, and 6 new cases of cancer were observed in the carriers, while no new cases were detected in the control cohort. Thus, at age 50, 40% of carriers had a high risk of disease (P=0.0069 by log-rank test). Our data support the hypothesis that the presence of BRCA mutations does not alter the clinical outcome for hereditary breast cancer patients. Conversely, BRCA mutations are proven to be crucial for prediction of risk in healthy relatives from carrier families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sambiasi
- National Cancer Research Centre 'Giovanni Paolo II', I-70124 Bari, Italy
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27
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Pinto R, Pilato B, Ottini L, Lambo R, Simone G, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. Different methylation and microRNA expression pattern in male and female familial breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1264-9. [PMID: 23160909 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, has been very scarcely explored in familial breast cancer (BC). In the present study RASSF1A and RAR beta promoter methylation and miR17, miR21, miR 124, and let-7a expression were investigated to highlight possible differences of epigenetic regulation between male and female familial BC, also in comparison with sporadic BC. These epigenetic alterations were studied in 56 familial BC patients (27 males and 29 females) and in 16 female sporadic cases. RASSF1A resulted more frequently methylated in men than women (76% vs. 28%, respectively, P = 0.0001), while miR17 and let-7a expression frequency was higher in women than in men (miR17: 66% in women vs. 41% in men, P < 0.05; let-7a: 45% in women vs. 15% in men, P = 0.015). RASSF1A methylation affected 27.6% of familial BC while 83% of familial cases showed high expression of the gene (P = 0.025); on the contrary, only 17% of familial BC presented RAR beta methylation and 55% of familial cases overexpressed this gene (P = 0.005). Moreover, miR17, miR21, and let-7a resulted significantly overexpressed in familial compared to sporadic BC. RASSF1A overexpression (86% vs. 65%, P = 0.13) and RAR beta overexpression (57% vs. 32%, P = 0.11) were higher in BRCA1/2 carriers even if not statistical significance was reached. BRCA mutation carriers also demonstrated significant overexpression of: miR17 (93% vs. 35%, P = 0.0001), let-7a (64% vs. 16%, P = 0.002), and of miR21 (100% vs. 65%, P = 0.008). In conclusion, the present data suggest the involvement of RASSF1A in familial male BC, while miR17 and let-7a seem to be implied in familial female BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory - NCRC Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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28
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Danza K, Pilato B, Lacalamita R, Addati T, Giotta F, Bruno A, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. Angiogenetic axis angiopoietins/Tie2 and VEGF in familial breast cancer. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:824-30. [PMID: 23232696 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis leads to the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, allowing tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Angiopoietins (Ang-1, Ang-2) have a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis but few data regarding their role in hereditary breast cancer are available. The aim of the present study was to analyze Ang-1, Ang-2, tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Tie2 and VEGF expression and their correlation in a cohort of familial and sporadic breast cancers in order to verify whether the presence of germline mutations in BRCA may have a role in tumor microenvironment regulation. Tumor samples from a cohort of 41 patients with a first diagnosis and a family history of breast cancer and 19 patients with sporadic breast cancers were enrolled. The expression of Tie2, Ang-1, Ang-2 and VEGF were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Patients harboring BRCA mutations had higher levels of Ang-1 (P=0.05), Ang-2 (P=0.02) and VEGF (P=0.04) mRNA compared with those without BRCA mutations (BRCAX). The same was observed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Moreover, a positive correlation between Ang-2 and VEGF was found in both the familial breast cancer group (BRCA carriers: r=0.83; P<0.0001 and BRCAX: r=0.58; P=0.008) and in TNBC (r=0.62; P=0.007). The higher levels of Ang-1, Ang-2 and VEGF mRNA found in BRCA carriers and TNBCs suggest that they could be attractive angiogenic therapeutic targets in these breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Danza
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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Pilato B, Pinto R, De Summa S, Lambo R, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. HOX gene methylation status analysis in patients with hereditary breast cancer. J Hum Genet 2012; 58:51-3. [PMID: 23051705 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is related not only to genetic alterations but also to aberrant epigenetic changes that could lead to heritable gene patterns critical for neoplastic initiation and progression. Knowledge of epigenetic regulation in cancer cells is useful for both the understanding of carcinogenesis and for the possibility of using epigenetic drugs. HOX genes deregulation have a crucial role in oncogenesis process and tumor suppression. In this report, the methylation of HOXA1, HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXB13, HNF1B, OTX1, TLX1 genes have been analyzed in patients with hereditary breast cancer. This is the first study analyzing BRCA mutational status of patients with respect to methylation of HOX genes. HOXA10 has been found to be methylated in all patients analyzed but never in healthy subjects. With respect to clinical pathological information, hypermethylation of all studied genes, with the exception of OTX1, was significantly associated with absence of HER2 neu expression (P<0.05). Moreover, hypermethylation of HOXB13, HOXA10 and HOXA1 was associated with a high proliferation index (Mib1≥10%, P<0.05) and hypermethylation of HOXB13 and HOXA10 also with high expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. These preliminary data suggest a possible involvement of HOX genes in familial breast cancer as marker helpful to identify high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Pilato
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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Petroni S, Giotta F, Addati T, Asselti M, Popescu O, Pilato B, Marzano A, Palma F, Tommasi S, Simone G. 312 TROP-2 Expression and Mutation in Familiar Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tommasi S, Pinto R, Petriella D, Pilato B, Lacalamita R, Santini D, Zito F, Colucci G, Paradiso A, Silvestris N. Oncosuppressor methylation: a possible key role in colon metastatic progression. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1934-9. [PMID: 21506124 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
K-RAS and BRAF gene mutations are mandatory to set anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Due to the relationship of these mutations with tumor epigenotype, we hypothesized the potential role of oncosuppressor methylation of genes involved in K-RAS/BRAF pathway (CDKN2A, RASSF1A, and RARbeta suppressor genes) in inhibiting EGFR signaling cascade. Primary tumor and synchronous liver metastatic tissues of 75 mCRC patients were characterized for promoter methylation by QMSP and for K-RAS and BRAF mutations. RARbeta, RASSF1A, and CDKN2A genes were methylated in 82%, 35%, and 26% of primary tumors, respectively. RASSF1A resulted significantly more frequently methylated in liver metastasis than in primary site (P=0.015), while RARbeta was significantly lower methylated in distant metastasis (P=1.2 × 10(-6)). As regards methylation content, RASSF1A methylation status was significantly higher in liver metastasis with respect to primary tumor (P=0.000) underlying the role of this gene in liver metastatic progression. In our series K-RAS and BRAF were mutated in 39% and 4% of cases, respectively. Methylation frequencies seemed to be unrelated to gene mutations; on the other hand, RASSF1A mean content methylation resulted significantly higher in liver than in primary tumor (288.78 vs. 56.23, respectively, P=0.05) only in K-RAS wild-type cases sustaining a specific role of this gene in metastatic site thus supporting its function in strengthening the apoptotic role of K-RAS. These evidences held the role of oncosuppressor methylation in both colon tumorigenesis and progression and suggested that epigenetic events should be taken into account when biological therapies in mCRC patients have to be set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tommasi
- Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
After completion of the Human Genome Project, analysis of genetic and genomic variations in different pathological states became possible. The capillary system based on Sanger methods is still very expensive in terms of time, cost and professionalism required. For this reason, the National Human Genome Institute proposed an 'advanced sequencing technology development' project with the aim of sequencing a genome in 1 day for $1000. Three validated platforms are commercially available and single molecule sequencing methods have been recently introduced, which are not only competitive in time and costs, but display greater accuracy than 'past generation' sequencing. Next generation technology allows, in a single experiment, the identification of copy number variation and large rearrangements, or detection of fusion transcripts analysis thus permitting the evaluation of cancer risk at multiple levels (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tommasi
- Clinical Experimental Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Giovanni Paolo II, Via Hahnemann 10, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Pilato B, Martinucci M, Danza K, Pinto R, Petriella D, Lacalamita R, Bruno M, Lambo R, D'Amico C, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. Mutations and polymorphic BRCA variants transmission in breast cancer familial members. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 125:651-7. [PMID: 20352487 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that about 80% of breast cancer patients at high risk to carry mutation in BRCA genes presented at least one polymorphism in these genes which resulted potentially harmful by in silico analysis. In the present paper, the genealogic transmission of those polymorphic coding and noncoding variants of BRCA genes in family's members has been investigated. Thirty families, enrolled within the Genetic Counselling Program of our Institute, with probands and at least one-first degree relative (n = 67 family members) available, have been studied for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathological mutation and polymorphic variants' transmission. Ten and 6 probands carried Mendelian transmitted mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Polymorphic coding and noncoding variants were transmitted in each family's relatives with a frequency ranging from 42 to 100%, with similar rate for each SNP in mutated and nonmutated families with the only exception of BRCA1 K1183R significantly more frequent in mutated families (P = 0.004); conversely, this SNP and BRCA2 N372H, were more frequently present in breast cancer relatives belonging to families in which pathological BRCA mutations were not present. Furthermore, specific haplotypes were transmitted in all relatives as BRCA1 871Leu-1038Gly, present in both BRCA mutated and nonmutated families, while BRCA2 289His-991Asp-IVS14+53 C>T present only in BRCAX families suggesting the harmful role of these SNPs. In conclusion, analysis of SNPs maps and modality of their transmission could identify further susceptibility markers and provide a basis for a better DNA-based cancer classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Pilato
- Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Giovanni Paolo II- v., Hahneman 10, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Tommasi S, Silvestris N, Petriella D, Pinto R, Pilato B, Lacalamita R, Gernone A, Paradiso A, Zito FA, Colucci G. Epigenetic alterations of primary tumor and metastatic site of colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4128 Background: K-ras gene mutation detection is essential to set a therapy with anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab) in mCRC and NCCN guidelines for treatment with cetuximab foresees that only lack of mutations permits the treatment. However, recent studies demonstrated that the presence of BRAF mutations could also indicate an ineffective anti-EGFR therapy. Furthermore, k-ras and BRAF mutations resulted to be mutually exclusive. Aberrant DNA promoter methylation frequently occurs as early event in carcinogenesis as important mechanism of inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Our hypothesis states a potential role of tumor suppressor methylation in inhibiting EGFR signaling cascade thus blocking anti-EGFR therapeutic effect. Our further aim was to evidence the role of epigenetic alterations in metastatic progression. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients affected by mCRC have been enrolled in this study. Primary tumor and liver metastatic tissues have been characterized for k-ras and BRAF mutations and for promoter methylation of p16, RASSF1A and RARbeta suppressor genes by Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR (QMSP). Results: k-ras resulted mutated in 32% of cases while BRAF in 5%. The two genes conserved their characteristics in both site of disease: primary tumor and liver metastasis. RARbeta, RASSF1A and p16 genes resulted methylated in 50%, 60% and 30% of primary tumors, respectively. RARbeta promoter methylation mean content resulted significantly higher in k-ras mutated with respect to k-ras wt tumors (209.96 vs 0.44 respectively, p<0.01). Interestingly, the percentage of RARbeta methylation in metastatic sites of k-ras wt tumors is significantly higher than that of the related primary tumors (20% vs 100% respectively, p<0.05). RASSF1A and p16 genes resulted less methylated in k-ras wt patients and significantly higher methylated in metastatic than in primary site (p<0.01). Conclusions: These results might suggest that genetic and epigenetic changes specifically interact to promote tumorigenesis of colon carcinoma and that epigenetic events have to be taken into account when setting biological therapy mainly in metastatic disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tommasi
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - N. Silvestris
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Petriella
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - R. Pinto
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - B. Pilato
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - R. Lacalamita
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Gernone
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - A. Paradiso
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - F. A. Zito
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
| | - G. Colucci
- National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy; Policlinico University, Bari, Italy
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Paradiso A, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Lombardo C, Smith J, Muggia F. Meeting Report: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC): Risks and Challenges. September 10–12, 2009 Bari, Italy. Breast Care (Basel) 2009; 4:347-348. [DOI: 10.1159/000249158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tommasi S, Pilato B, Pinto R, Monaco A, Bruno M, Campana M, Digennaro M, Schittulli F, Lacalamita R, Paradiso A. Molecular and in silico analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants. Mutat Res 2008; 644:64-70. [PMID: 18694767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations of high penetrant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been associated to hereditary breast cancer risk, while polymorphic variants of the two genes still have an unknown role in breast pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to characterize BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes polymorphic variants in familial breast cancer. 110 patients affected by familial breast and/or ovarian cancer have been consecutively enrolled according to family history and BRCA mutation risk. All of them have been screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenetic mutations, SNPs and intronic variants. In silico analysis have been also performed using different computational methods to individualize genetic variations that can alter the two genes expression and function. BRCA1 resulted mutated in 14% while BRCA2 in 3% of cases, while 80% of patients presented at least one polymorphism. A neural network splicing prediction model individualized one BRCA1 and one BRCA2 intronic variants able to determine alternative splicing. Furthermore, Q356R BRCA1 and N289H BRCA2 appear to show a possible harmful role also due to their location in functional regions of the two genes. However, in silico data are not always consistent with biological evidences. In conclusion, SNPs profile provides a basis for DNA-based cancer risk classification and help to define the gene alterations that could influence biochemistry activity protein or could modify drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tommasi
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II"- v. Hahnemann 10, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Mangia A, Chiriatti A, Chiarappa P, Incalza MA, Antonaci G, Pilato B, Simone G, Tommasi S, Paradiso A. Touch imprint cytology in tumor tissue banks for the confirmation of neoplastic cellularity and for DNA extraction. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:974-8. [PMID: 18517281 DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-974-ticitt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Learning the characteristics of frozen tissue samples stored in tumor banks for biological studies remains a problem. OBJECTIVE To assess the use of touch imprint cytology on fresh tissue samples as a rapid and reliable method of determining the presence and quantity of neoplastic cells before freezing. DESIGN Touch imprint cytology was performed on 259 specimens of operable breast cancer. Touch imprints were prepared from fresh tissue specimens before freezing samples for storage. Each tumor sample was imprinted on a glass slide and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Tumor cellularity was quantified as negative, poor, moderate, or rich. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between samples with a tumor size greater than 2 cm and high tumor cellularity (P = .03; chi(2) test). Furthermore, 35% of ductal tumors showed higher tumor cellularity compared with lobular tumors (P < .001; chi(2) test). No association was found between lymph node status and tumor grade. When samples for which more than 2 imprints were available were examined, tumor cellularity among imprints of the same sample showed an overall agreement of 0.67 (P < .001; kappa statistic). It was also determined that the higher the cellularity, the higher the agreement. Our data also showed concordance of 0.87 (P < .001; kappa statistic) between touch imprint cytology imprints and histologic sections from contiguous tumor. Moreover, 11 randomly selected samples underwent DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing to verify the feasibility of DNA analyses. We found that DNA from touch imprint cytology was amplifiable and suitable for direct sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Touch imprint cytology may represent an important step in the quality control of tumor cellularity of breast cancer specimens designed to be stored in tumor biobanks and a valid method for assessing the suitability of such tissue for further biomorphologic and biomolecular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mangia
- Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy.
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Sebastian S, Azzariti A, Accardi R, Conti D, Pilato B, LaCalamita R, Porcelli L, Simone GM, Tommasi S, Tommasino M, Paradiso A. Validation of gefitinib effectiveness in a broad panel of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2008; 21:809-17. [PMID: 18506376 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.21.6.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently improved understanding of the pathogenesis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has led to the development of new, molecular-based therapeutic strategies, one of the more promising is the utilisation of tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, we tested for gefitinib effectiveness in a broad panel of 12 newly established HNSCC cell lines, investigating its ability to reduce cell growth, to induce apoptosis and to modulate cell cycle and various EGFR pathway-related targets. Gefitinib IC50 values ranged between 0.064 and 33 microM, its capability to induce apoptosis and cell accumulation in G0/G1 phase was cell line-specific, and the main EGFR-related pathway involved in gefitinib activity was PI3K/Akt/mTor. We characterised our in vitro panel extensively, with the aim to identify predictive factors for gefitinib effectiveness; all cell lines were free of human papillomavirus infection, two were positive for Fhit expression, four expressed wild-type p53, and all of them variously expressed the other two p53 family members, p63 and p73. The comparison between the targets analysed and gefitinib effectiveness evidenced the absence of a clear relationship, excluding them as predictive factors for gefitinib efficacy. Our results confirmed the in vitro efficacy of an anti-EGFR approach, but other targets than those analysed here should be characterised in order to identify valid predictive factors for gefitinib utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sebastian
- Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent neoplasia which still misses a therapeutical gold standard. Recently, new acquisitions in cancerogenesis process evidenced the genetic and epigenetic alterations of genes involved in the different metabolic pathways of liver cancer suggesting that antibodies, small molecules, demethylating agents, etc. specifically acting against molecular target can be utilized alone or in combination in clinical practice. The main altered targets are: cell membrane receptors, in particular tyrosine kinase receptors, factors involved in cell signalling, specifically Wnt/beta-catenin, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, proteins linked to cell cycle regulation pathway (i.e. p53, p16/INK4, cyclin/cdk complex) or in invasiveness (EMT, TGFbeta) and proteins involved in DNA metabolism. Genetic or epigenetic changes in these molecules have been used in preclinical settings and, some of them also in clinical trials of phase II and III. This scenario opens new avenues for the prevention and the treatment of HCC. In the present review the main metabolic pathways and molecular alterations have been described together with recent advances in molecular and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tommasi
- Clinical Experimental Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II Bari, Italy.
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Aresta A, Calvano CD, Palmisano F, Zambonin CG, Monaco A, Tommasi S, Pilato B, Paradiso A. Impact of sample preparation in peptide/protein profiling in human serum by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tommasi S, Fedele V, Lacalamita R, Bruno M, Schittulli F, Ginzinger D, Scott G, Eppenberger-Castori S, Calistri D, Casadei S, Seymour I, Longo S, Giannelli G, Pilato B, Simone G, Benz CC, Paradiso A. 655Val and 1170Pro ERBB2 SNPs in familial breast cancer risk and BRCA1 alterations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2007; 29:241-8. [PMID: 17452776 PMCID: PMC4618199 DOI: 10.1155/2007/512518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ERBB2 presents several SNPs. One of these, Ile655Val, introduces a structural change in the transmembrane region of ERBB2 and has been the focus of debate over its potential role as a susceptibility marker for breast cancer risk. Another SNP, Ala1170Pro, introduces a structural change in the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of the protein, but its clinical and biological importance remains undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rare alleles of both SNPs and the risk of developing breast cancer, BRCA1 alterations and clinical-pathological features of Caucasian breast cancer patients with familial history of breast/ovarian cancer. The originality of the present paper is that it is the only specifically focusing on the relationship between ERBB2 SNPs and familiarity/BRCA1 characteristics. A consecutive series of 628 patients with first diagnosis of breast cancer and 169 healthy people had DNA analyzed for both SNPs. Genotypic or allelic frequencies of ERBB2 SNPs in breast cancer patients were similar than in controls. The variant allele 655Val was significantly associated with younger age (p=0.009) particularly associated with patient family history of breast cancer (p=0.02). The 655Val allele was also more commonly found in invasive, while the variant 1170Pro in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Furthermore, this last SNP seems to be strictly associated with the presence of BRCA1 polymorphisms. In conclusion, these findings point to the existence of an association of ERBB2 allelic variants at both loci with specific breast tumor phenotypes and to the need of deeply investigate different gene SNPs association for risk defining.
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