1
|
Qin L, Fan W, Zheng F, Chen H, Qian P, Li X. Swine IFI6 confers antiviral effects against Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro and in vivo. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37097881 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine are considered to be an important intermediate host in the cycle of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Most existing antiviral studies of JEV mainly focus on the host factor of the dead-end hosts. However, little research has addressed this in swine. Here, we found that swine interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 (sIFI6) possessed antiviral activity against JEV. In vitro studies showed that overexpression of sIFI6 inhibited the infection of JEV, while sIFI6 knockdown enhanced the infection of JEV in PK-15 cells. In addition, we also found that the structural integrity of sIFI6 was required by anti-JEV activity and that sIFI6 interacted with JEV nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A), an integral membrane protein with a pivotal function in replication complex during JEV replication. The interaction domain was mapped to the fourth transmembrane domain (TMD), also known as the 2K peptide of NS4A. The antiviral activity of sIFI6 was regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related protein, Bip. In vivo studies revealed that sIFI6 alleviated symptoms of JEV infection in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, the antiviral spectrum of sIFI6 showed that sIFI6 specifically inhibited JEV infection. In conclusion, this study identified sIFI6 as a host factor against JEV infection for the first time. Our findings provide a potential drug target against JEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuxing Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wenchun Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Feiteng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Impact of Porcine Arterivirus, Influenza B, and Their Coinfection on Antiviral Response in the Porcine Lung. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110934. [PMID: 33187194 PMCID: PMC7697066 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) cytokines induce an autonomous antiviral state in cells of the infected site to restrict virus spreading and critically regulate overall antiviral response. The antiviral state leads to host protection through expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes that restrict viral infection through multiple mechanisms, for example, directly in viral genome degradation and indirectly through cellular metabolic inhibition. Young pigs were split into four treatment groups: control, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, also known as porcine arterivirus) infected, influenza B virus (IBV) infected, and IBV/PRRSV coinfection. Lung tissue was collected at 3, 5, and 7 days post infection (dpi) for control, PRRSV and IBV/PRRSV coinfection, and at 3 and 5 dpi for IBV. Transcriptomic analysis, using usegalaxy.org tools, was performed against the S.scrofa 11.1 reference genome. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was carried out using DeSeq2 based on the model treatment + dpi + treatment:dpi + E. Downstream analysis examined the interaction of DEG at each dpi for over-enriched gene ontology (G.O.) terms and pathways. Comparisons of the infected groups vs. the controls yielded a total of (n = 1412) DEGs for the PRRSV group and (n = 1578) for the IBV/PRRSV group across all timepoints. The IBV group had (n = 64) total DEGs across 3 and 5 dpi. Expression data were considered statistically significant based on false discovery rate (FDR) ⫹ 0.1. Venn diagram comparisons of the DEGs across dpi showed that groups shared only 16 DEGs at 3 dpi, no DEGs were shared at 5 dpi, and for 7 dpi, only the PRRSV and IBV/PRRSV groups were compared and shared a total of 43 DEGs. Across the comparisons, differential expression was observed in antiviral genes such as IRF1, MX1, and OAS2. The IBV and IBV/PRRSV groups showed higher expression of antiviral genes at earlier dpi than the PRRSV group. Additionally, downregulated genes from the comparisons clustered around Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways effecting lung development and cellular integrity. Early expression of host IFN and antiviral genes may lead to viral RNA degradation, and assembly and transcription inhibition in the IBV infections. In comparison, expression of antiviral genes in the PRRSV group decreased across time. The decrease may explain why PRRSV infections persist, while IBV clears. Moreover, all infected groups showed prolonged upregulation in neutrophil degranulation pathway activity, possibly exacerbating symptomatic lung lesion pathology seen in these respiratory infections.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan W, Jiao P, Zhang H, Chen T, Zhou X, Qi Y, Sun L, Shang Y, Zhu H, Hu R, Liu W, Li J. Inhibition of African Swine Fever Virus Replication by Porcine Type I and Type II Interferons. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1203. [PMID: 32655518 PMCID: PMC7325991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by a variety of cells during the process of virus infection. It can activate the transcription of multiple functional genes in cells, regulate the synergistic effect of multiple signaling pathways, and mediate a variety of biological functions such as antiviral activity and immune regulation. The symptoms of hosts infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV) depend on the combined interaction between viruses and the host. However, it is unclear whether IFNs can be used as an emergency preventive treatment for ASFV. This study focused on the use of recombinant porcine IFNs, produced by Escherichia coli, to inhibit the replication of ASFV. The activity of IFN against ASFV was detected using primary alveolar macrophages at different doses through immunofluorescence assays and quantitative real-time PCR. We found that both 1000 and 100 U/mL doses significantly inhibited the replication of ASFV. Meanwhile, we found that IFNs could significantly trigger the production of a variety of IFN-induced genes (IFIT1, IFITM3, Mx-1, OASL, ISG15, PKR, GBP1, Viperin, BST2, IRF-1, and CXCL10) and MHC molecules, which play key roles in resistance to virus infection. Peripheral blood samples were also obtained from surviving pigs treated with IFNs, and the viral load was determined. Consistent with in vitro tests, low-dose (105 U/kg) recombinant porcine IFNs (PoIFN-α and PoIFN-γ) significantly reduced viral load compared to that with high-dose (106 U/kg) treatment. Our results suggest that recombinant porcine IFNs have high antiviral activity against ASFV, providing a new strategy for the prevention of African swine fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tandem 3' UTR Patterns and Gene Expression Profiles of Marc-145 Cells During PRRSV Infection. Virol Sin 2018; 33:335-344. [PMID: 30069823 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes substantial economic losses to the global pig industry. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a mechanism that diversifies gene expression, which is important for tumorigenesis, development, and cell differentiation. However, it is unclear whether APA plays a role in the course of PRRSV infection. To address this issue, in this study we carried out a whole-genome transcriptome analysis of PRRSV-infected Marc-145 African green monkey kidney cells and identified 185 APA switching genes and 393 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most of these genes were involved in cellular process, metabolism, and biological regulation, and there was some overlap between the two gene sets. DEGs were found to be more directly involved in the antiviral response than APA genes. These findings provide insight into the dynamics of host gene regulation during PRRSV infection and a basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of PRRSV.
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreno P, Lopez-Jimena B, Randelli E, Scapigliati G, Buonocore F, Garcia-Rosado E, Borrego JJ, Alonso MC. Immuno-related gene transcription and antibody response in nodavirus (RGNNV and SJNNV)-infected European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:270-278. [PMID: 29702239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune response of European sea bass to RGNNV and SJNNV infections has been evaluated by quantifying the transcription of some genes involved in the IFN I system, as well as in the inflammatory and adaptive immune mechanisms. The transcription of IFN-I, ISG-12, ISG-15 and MxA genes has been analyzed in brain and head kidney, showing that RGNNV genotype induces a more intense response of the IFN I system than SJNNV in both organs. In addition, the results obtained indicate the importance of the inflammatory response in nodavirus pathogenesis, with the transcription of IL-8 and TNF-α significantly higher in brain than in head kidney, being RGNNV the strongest inductor. An important difference between the immune response induced by both genotypes refers to the IgM titre in sera, which was higher in SJNNV-inoculated fish. The acquired response is also important locally, since TR-γ transcription is higher in brain than in head kidney (especially in the RGNNV-inoculated group). To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the sea bass anti-SJNNV immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Benjamin Lopez-Jimena
- Mast Group Ltd., Mast House, Derby Road, Bootle, Merseyside, L20 1EA, England, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Randelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lau SKP. Molecular Research on Emerging Viruses: Evolution, Diagnostics, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020398. [PMID: 29385690 PMCID: PMC5855620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|