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Lau CS, Park SY, Ethiraj LP, Singh P, Raj G, Quek J, Prasadh S, Choo Y, Goh BT. Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6805. [PMID: 38928517 PMCID: PMC11204188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration involves multiple factors such as tissue interactions, an inflammatory response, and vessel formation. In the event of diseases, old age, lifestyle, or trauma, bone regeneration can be impaired which could result in a prolonged healing duration or requiring an external intervention for repair. Currently, bone grafts hold the golden standard for bone regeneration. However, several limitations hinder its clinical applications, e.g., donor site morbidity, an insufficient tissue volume, and uncertain post-operative outcomes. Bone tissue engineering, involving stem cells seeded onto scaffolds, has thus been a promising treatment alternative for bone regeneration. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) are known to hold therapeutic value for the treatment of various clinical conditions and have displayed feasibility and significant effectiveness due to their ease of isolation, non-invasive, abundance in quantity, and osteogenic capacity. Notably, in vitro studies showed AD-MSCs holding a high proliferation capacity, multi-differentiation potential through the release of a variety of factors, and extracellular vesicles, allowing them to repair damaged tissues. In vivo and clinical studies showed AD-MSCs favoring better vascularization and the integration of the scaffolds, while the presence of scaffolds has enhanced the osteogenesis potential of AD-MSCs, thus yielding optimal bone formation outcomes. Effective bone regeneration requires the interplay of both AD-MSCs and scaffolds (material, pore size) to improve the osteogenic and vasculogenic capacity. This review presents the advances and applications of AD-MSCs for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering, focusing on the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies involving AD-MSCs for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Sang Lau
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - So Yeon Park
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Lalith Prabha Ethiraj
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Priti Singh
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Grace Raj
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
| | - Jolene Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Somasundaram Prasadh
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Yen Choo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bee Tin Goh
- National Dental Centre Singapore, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore; (C.S.L.); (S.Y.P.); (L.P.E.); (G.R.)
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Shi Y, Yang X, Min J, Kong W, Hu X, Zhang J, Chen L. Advancements in culture technology of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells: implications for diabetes and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343255. [PMID: 38681772 PMCID: PMC11045945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies exhibit considerable promise in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Extensive research has been dedicated to elucidate the characteristics and potential applications of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Three-dimensional (3D) culture, characterized by rapid advancements, holds promise for efficacious treatment of diabetes and its complications. Notably, 3D cultured ASCs manifest enhanced cellular properties and functions compared to traditional monolayer-culture. In this review, the factors influencing the biological functions of ASCs during culture are summarized. Additionally, the effects of 3D cultured techniques on cellular properties compared to two-dimensional culture is described. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of 3D cultured ASCs in diabetes and its complications are discussed to provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinze Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Mazzella M, Walker K, Cormier C, Kapanowski M, Ishmakej A, Saifee A, Govind Y, Chaudhry GR. Regulation of self-renewal and senescence in primitive mesenchymal stem cells by Wnt and TGFβ signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:305. [PMID: 37880755 PMCID: PMC10601332 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic application of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encounters significant challenges, primarily stemming from their inadequate growth and limited self-renewal capabilities. Additionally, as MSCs are propagated, their ability to self-renew declines, and the exact cellular and molecular changes responsible for this are poorly understood. This study aims to uncover the complex molecular mechanisms that govern the self-renewal of primitive (p) MSCs. METHODS We grew pMSCs using two types of medium, fetal bovine serum (FM) and xeno-free (XM), at both low passage (LP, P3) and high passage (HP, P20). To evaluate LP and HP pMSCs, we examined their physical characteristics, cell surface markers, growth rate, colony-forming ability, BrdU assays for proliferation, telomerase activity, and potential to differentiate into three lineages. Moreover, we conducted RNA-seq to analyze their transcriptome and MNase-seq analysis to investigate nucleosome occupancies. RESULTS When grown in FM, pMSCs underwent changes in their cellular morphology, becoming larger and elongated. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of CD90 and CD49f, as well as a reduction in CFE, proliferation rate, and telomerase activity. In addition, these cells showed an increased tendency to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. However, when grown in XM, pMSCs maintained their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into multiple lineages while preserving their fibroblastoid morphology. Transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulation of genes associated with self-renewal, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication in XM-cultured pMSCs, while senescence-related genes were upregulated in FM-cultured cells. Further analysis demonstrated differential nucleosomal occupancies in self-renewal and senescence-related genes for pMSCs grown in XM and FM, respectively. These findings were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis, which revealed alterations in the expression of genes related to self-renewal, cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, differentiation, and senescence. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the involvement of Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways by modulating them with agonists and antagonists. This experimental manipulation led to the upregulation and downregulation of self-renewal genes in pMSCs, providing further insights into the signaling pathways governing the self-renewal and senescence of pMSCs. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the self-renewal potential of pMSCs is associated with the Wnt pathway, while senescence is linked to TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mazzella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Christina Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Michael Kapanowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Albi Ishmakej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Azeem Saifee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Yashvardhan Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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Leone A, Nicolò A, Prevenzano I, Zatterale F, Longo M, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Campitelli M, Conza D, Raciti GA, Beguinot F, Nigro C, Miele C. Methylglyoxal Impairs the Pro-Angiogenic Ability of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (mADSCs) via a Senescence-Associated Mechanism. Cells 2023; 12:1741. [PMID: 37443775 PMCID: PMC10340470 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) play a crucial role in angiogenesis and repair of damaged tissues. However, in pathological conditions including diabetes, ADSC function is compromised. This work aims at evaluating the effect of Methylglyoxal (MGO), a product of chronic hyperglycemia, on mouse ADSCs' (mADSCs) pro-angiogenic function and the molecular mediators involved. The mADSCs were isolated from C57bl6 mice. MGO-adducts and p-p38 MAPK protein levels were evaluated by Western Blot. Human retinal endothelial cell (hREC) migration was analyzed by transwell assays. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, and SA-βGal activity by cytofluorimetry. Soluble factor release was evaluated by multiplex assay. MGO treatment does not impair mADSC viability and induces MGO-adduct accumulation. hREC migration is reduced in response to both MGO-treated mADSCs and conditioned media from MGO-treated mADSCs, compared to untreated cells. This is associated with an increase of SA-βGal activity, SASP factor release and p53 and p21 expression, together with a VEGF- and PDGF-reduced release from MGO-treated mADSCs and a reduced p38-MAPK activation in hRECs. The MGO-induced impairment of mADSC function is reverted by senolytics. In conclusion, MGO impairs mADSCs' pro-angiogenic function through the induction of a senescent phenotype, associated with the reduced secretion of growth factors crucial for hREC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council & Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.L.); (A.N.); (I.P.)
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Mazzella M, Walker K, Cormier C, Kapanowski M, Ishmakej A, Saifee A, Govind Y, Chaudhry GR. WNT and VEGF/PDGF signaling regulate self-renewal in primitive mesenchymal stem cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2512048. [PMID: 37090660 PMCID: PMC10120760 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2512048/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Therapeutic use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hampered due to poor growth and limited self-renewal potential. The self-renewal potential of MSCs is also affected during propagation and changes are poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the self-renewal of primitive (p) MSCs. Methods pMSCs were cultured to low passage (LP), P3, and high passage (HP), P20, in fetal bovine serum medium (FM) and xeno-free medium (XM). The characteristics of LP and HP pMSCs were evaluated for morphology, expression of cell surface markers, doubling time (DT), colony forming efficiency (CFE), proliferation by BrdU assay, telomerase activity and trilineage differentiation. We then examined transcriptome and nucleosome occupancies using RNA-seq and MNase-seq, respectively analyses. Results pMSCs grown in FM gradually changed morphology to large elongated cells and showed a significant reduction in the expression of CD90 and CD49f, CFE, proliferation, and telomerase activity. In addition, cells had a greater propensity to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. In contrast, pMSCs grown in XM maintained small fibroblastoid morphology, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Transcriptomic analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in self-renewal, cell cycle, and DNA replication in XM-grown pMSCs. Whereas senescence genes were upregulated in cells in FM. MNase-seq analysis revealed less nucleosomal occupancies in self-renewal genes and senescence genes in pMSCs grown in XM and FM, respectively. The expression of selected genes associated with self-renewal, cell cycle, DNA replication, differentiation, and senescence was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results led us to propose signaling pathways involved in the self-renewal and senescence of pMSCs. Conclusion We conclude that the self-renewal potential of pMSCs is controlled by WNT and VEGF/PDGF, but TGFβ and PI3K signaling induce senescence.
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Royal jelly extracellular vesicles promote wound healing by modulating underlying cellular responses. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:541-552. [PMID: 36895953 PMCID: PMC9989319 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Apis mellifera royal jelly (RJ) is a well-known remedy in traditional medicine around the world and its versatile effects range from antibacterial to anti-inflammatory properties and pro-regenerative properties. As a glandular product, RJ has been shown to contain a substantial number of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and, in this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of involvement of RJEVs in wound healing-associated effects. Molecular analysis of RJEVs verified the presence of exosomal markers such as CD63 and syntenin, and cargo molecules MRJP1, defensin-1, and jellein-3. Furthermore, RJEVs were demonstrated to modulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and secretome, as well as decrease LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In vivo studies confirmed antibacterial effects of RJEVs and demonstrated an acceleration of wound healing in a splinted mouse model. This study suggests that RJEVs play a crucial role in the known effects of RJ by modulating the inflammatory phase and cellular response in wound healing. Transfer of RJ into the clinics has been impeded by the high complexity of the raw material. Isolating EVs from the raw RJ decreases the complexity while allowing standardization and quality control, bringing a natural nano-therapy one step closer to the clinics.
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Silveira BM, Ribeiro TO, Freitas RS, Carreira ACO, Gonçalves MS, Sogayar M, Meyer R, Birbrair A, Fortuna V. Secretome from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes blood vessel formation and pericyte coverage in experimental skin repair. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277863. [PMID: 36534643 PMCID: PMC9762598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) secretome display various therapeutically relevant effects in regenerative medicine, such as induction of angiogenesis and tissue repair. The benefits of hASC secretome are primarily orchestrated by trophic factors that mediate autocrine and paracrine effects in host cells. However, the composition and the innate characteristics of hASC secretome can be highly variable depending on the culture conditions. Here, we evaluated the combined effect of serum-free media and hypoxia preconditioning on the hASCs secretome composition and biological effects on angiogenesis and wound healing. The hASCs were cultured in serum-free media under normoxic (NCM) or hypoxic (HCM) preconditioning. The proteomic profile showed that pro- and anti-antiangiogenic factors were detected in NCM and HCM secretomes. In vitro studies demonstrated that hASCs secretomes enhanced endothelial proliferation, survival, migration, in vitro tube formation, and in vivo Matrigel plug angiogenesis. In a full-thickness skin-wound mouse model, injection of either NCM or HCM significantly accelerated the wound healing. Finally, hASC secretomes were potent in increasing endothelial density and vascular coverage of resident pericytes expressing NG2 and nestin to the lesion site, potentially contributing to blood vessel maturation. Overall, our data suggest that serum-free media or hypoxic preconditioning enhances the vascular regenerative effects of hASC secretome in a preclinical wound healing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brysa M. Silveira
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Tiago O. Ribeiro
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Railane S. Freitas
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana C. O. Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilda Souza Gonçalves
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mari Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Vitor Fortuna
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Qi L, Feng W, Gu Y, Ding Y. Olfactory mucosa tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells lysate ameliorates LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:414. [DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute liver injury (ALI) induced by sepsis seriously endangers the health of human beings every year. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) lysate containing various regulators had a positive effect on anti-inflammation, hoping to provide a promising strategy in ALI.
Methods
Olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) were extracted and identified. The collected OM-MSCs were prepared after repeated freeze–thaw in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Then, OM-MSCs lysate was filtered for future experiments. To understand the composes of OM-MSCs clearly, we detected the components of OM-MSCs lysate by western blotting. In vitro, OM-MSCs lysate was applied to evaluate the effects on normal human liver cells (LO-2) under stimulation of LPS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also injected intraperitoneally to build ALI model in mice. We further assessed the anti-inflammatory capacity of OM-MSCs lysate on ALI in vivo by aminotransferase determination, pathology observation, and immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, the immunoblot technique was performed to recognize the changes in inflammatory factors and related proteins.
Results
In this study, we found that OM-MSCs lysate could protect structure effectively, improve the plasma aminotransferases, diminish inflammation by releasing interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). A significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) also occurred under the treatment of OM-MSCs lysate. In addition, trophic factors originating from OM-MSCs lysate provided a supportive micro-environment for liver recovery. Especially, up-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vivo revealed that OM-MSCs might have a great potential for healing.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that OM-MSCs lysate could alleviate LPS-induced ALI via decreasing inflammatory cytokines and promoting recovery.
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Urzì O, Olofsson Bagge R, Crescitelli R. The dark side of foetal bovine serum in extracellular vesicle studies. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12271. [PMID: 36214482 PMCID: PMC9549727 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1912] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be involved in cell-cell communication and to take part in both physiological and pathological processes. Thanks to their exclusive cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from the originating cells, they are gaining interest as potential biomarkers of disease. In recent years, their appealing features have been fascinating researchers from all over the world, thus increasing the number of in vitro studies focused on EV release, content, and biological activities. Cultured cell lines are the most-used source of EVs; however, the EVs released in cell cultures are influenced by the cell culture conditions, such as the use of foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS is the most common supplement for cell culture media, but it is also a source of contaminants, such as exogenous bovine EVs, RNA, and protein aggregates, that can contaminate the cell-derived EVs and influence their cargo composition. The presence of FBS contaminants in cell-derived EV samples is a well-known issue that limits the clinical applications of EVs, thus increasing the need for standardization. In this review, we will discuss the pros and cons of using FBS in cell cultures as a source of EVs, as well as the protocols used to remove contaminants from FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of BiomedicineNeurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of SurgerySahlgrenska University HospitalRegion Västra GötalandGothenburgSweden
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineDepartment of SurgeryInstitute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Optimizing aseptic and serum milieu for the isolation of human whole umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become an attractive tool for tissue engineering and targets in clinical transplantation due to their regeneration potential and immune-suppressive capacity. The human umbilical cord, which is discarded at birth, can provide an inexhaustible source of stem cells for therapy. They are reported to contain immune privilege cells which may be suitable for allogenic-based therapies. However, the use of MSCs for therapeutic application is based on their subsequent large-scale in vitro expansion. A fast and efficient protocol for the generation of large quantities of MSCs is required to meet the clinical demand and biomedical research needs.
Results
MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord by explants and enzymatic digestion and cultured in the appropriate growth medium resulted in the propagation of more than 1X 108 cells within 15 days from the single umbilical cord.
Conclusion
The isolation efficiency, cell yield, colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F), growth kinetics, phenotypic characteristics of UCMSCs were determined.
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Manufacture and Quality Control of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets for Clinical Use. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172732. [PMID: 36078137 PMCID: PMC9454431 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC−MSC) sheets have attracted much attention in cell therapy. However, the culture media and coating matrix used for the preparation of UC−MSC sheets have not been safe enough to comply with current clinical drug standards. Moreover, the UC−MSC sheet preservation systems developed before did not comply with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) regulations. In this study, the culture medium and coating matrix were developed for UC−MSC sheet production to comply with clinical drug standards. Additionally, the GMP-compliant preservation solution and method for the UC−MSC sheet were developed. Then, quality standards of the UC−MSC sheet were formulated according to national and international regulations for drugs. Finally, the production process of UC−MSC sheets on a large scale was standardized, and three batches of trial production were conducted and tested to meet the established quality standards. This research provides the possibility for clinical trials of UC−MSC sheet products in the development stage of new drugs and lays the foundation for industrial large-scale production after the new drug is launched.
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Tan MI, Alfarafisa NM, Septiani P, Barlian A, Firmansyah M, Faizal A, Melani L, Nugrahapraja H. Potential Cell-Based and Cell-Free Therapy for Patients with COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:2319. [PMID: 35954162 PMCID: PMC9367488 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since it was first reported, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an unresolved puzzle for biomedical researchers in different fields. Various treatments, drugs, and interventions were explored as treatments for COVID. Nevertheless, there are no standard and effective therapeutic measures. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy offers a new approach with minimal side effects. MSCs and MSC-based products possess several biological properties that potentially alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. Generally, there are three classifications of stem cell therapy: cell-based therapy, tissue engineering, and cell-free therapy. This review discusses the MSC-based and cell-free therapies for patients with COVID-19, their potential mechanisms of action, and clinical trials related to these therapies. Cell-based therapies involve the direct use and injection of MSCs into the target tissue or organ. On the other hand, cell-free therapy uses secreted products from cells as the primary material. Cell-free therapy materials can comprise cell secretomes and extracellular vesicles. Each therapeutic approach possesses different benefits and various risks. A better understanding of MSC-based and cell-free therapies is essential for supporting the development of safe and effective COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Nayla Majeda Alfarafisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Popi Septiani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Mochamad Firmansyah
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Ahmad Faizal
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Lili Melani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (P.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (A.F.); (L.M.); (H.N.)
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13
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Heterogeneity of In Vitro Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Strategies to Improve Their Therapeutic Actions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051112. [PMID: 35631698 PMCID: PMC9146397 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have prompted their use in preclinical and clinical research. Accumulating evidence has been provided for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in several pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, skin problems, liver disorders and cancer, among others. Although MSCs are found in multiple tissues, the number of MSCs is low, making in vitro expansion a required step before MSC application. However, culture-expanded MSCs exhibit notable differences in terms of cell morphology, physiology and function, which decisively contribute to MSC heterogeneity. The changes induced in MSCs during in vitro expansion may account for the variability in the results obtained in different MSC-based therapy studies, including those using MSCs as living drug delivery systems. This review dissects the different changes that occur in culture-expanded MSCs and how these modifications alter their therapeutic properties after transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss the current strategies developed to improve the beneficial effects of MSCs for successful clinical implementation, as well as potential therapeutic alternatives.
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14
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Host type 2 immune response to xenogeneic serum components impairs biomaterial-directed osteo-regenerative therapies. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Feng Y, Luo J, Cheng J, Xu A, Qiu D, He S, Zheng D, Jia C, Zhang Q, Lin N. A Small-Molecule Cocktails-Based Strategy in Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:819148. [PMID: 35360405 PMCID: PMC8963903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.819148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a variety of unique properties, such as stem cell multipotency and immune regulation, making them attractive for use in cell therapy. Before infusion therapy, MSCs are required to undergo tissue separation, purification, and expansion in vitro for a certain duration. During the process of in vitro expansion of MSCs, the influence of culture time and environment can lead to cell senescence, increased heterogeneity, and function attenuation, which limits their clinical applications. We used a cocktail of three small-molecule compounds, ACY (A-83–01, CHIR99021, and Y-27632), to increase the proliferation activity of MSCs in vitro and reduce cell senescence. ACY inhibited the increase in heterogeneity of MSCs and conserved their differentiation potential. Additionally, ACY maintained the phenotype of MSCs and upregulated the expression of immunomodulatory factors. These results suggest that ACY can effectively improve the quantity and quality of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- The First People’s Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Changchang Jia
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changchang Jia, ; Qi Zhang, Nan Lin,
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16
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Chen L, Guttieres D, Koenigsberg A, Barone PW, Sinskey AJ, Springs SL. Large-scale cultured meat production: Trends, challenges and promising biomanufacturing technologies. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121274. [PMID: 34871881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food systems of the future will need to face an increasingly clear reality - that a protein-rich diet is essential for good health, but traditional meat products will not suffice to ensure safety, sustainability, and equity of food supply chains at a global scale. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of bioprocess technologies needed for cell-based meat production and challenges in reaching commercial scale. Specifically, it reviews state-of-the-art bioprocess technologies, current limitations, and opportunities for research across four domains: cell line development, cell culture media, scaffolding, and bioreactors. This also includes exploring innovations to make cultured meat a viable protein alternative across numerous key performance indicators and for specific applications where traditional livestock is not an option (e.g., local production, space exploration). The paper explores tradeoffs between production scale, product quality, production cost, and footprint over different time horizons. Finally, a discussion explores various factors that may impact the ability to successfully scale and market cultured meat products: social acceptance, environmental tradeoffs, regulatory guidance, and public health benefits. While the exact nature of the transition from traditional livestock to alternative protein products is uncertain, it has already started and will likely continue to build momentum in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Donovan Guttieres
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Koenigsberg
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Paul W Barone
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Innovation, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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17
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Deptuła M, Brzezicka A, Skoniecka A, Zieliński J, Pikuła M. Adipose-derived stromal cells for nonhealing wounds: Emerging opportunities and challenges. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2130-2171. [PMID: 33522005 PMCID: PMC8247932 DOI: 10.1002/med.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing complications affect thousands of people each year, thus constituting a profound economic and medical burden. Chronic wounds are a highly complex problem that usually affects elderly patients as well as patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer (surgery, radiotherapy/chemotherapy) or autoimmune diseases. Currently available methods of their treatment are not fully effective, so new solutions are constantly being sought. Cell-based therapies seem to have great potential for use in stimulating wound healing. In recent years, much effort has been focused on characterizing of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) and evaluating their clinical use in regenerative medicine and other medical fields. These cells are easily obtained in large amounts from adipose tissue and show a high proregenerative potential, mainly through paracrine activities. In this review, the process of healing acute and nonhealing (chronic) wounds is detailed, with a special attention paid to the wounds of patients with diabetes and cancer. In addition, the methods and technical aspects of AD-MSCs isolation, culture and transplantation in chronic wounds are described, and the characteristics, genetic stability and role of AD-MSCs in wound healing are also summarized. The biological properties of AD-MSCs isolated from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are compared. Additionally, methods to increase their therapeutic potential as well as factors that may affect their biological functions are summarized. Finally, their therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic and oncological wounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of EmbryologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | | | - Aneta Skoniecka
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Oncologic SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of EmbryologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
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18
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Khazaei S, Keshavarz G, Bozorgi A, Nazari H, Khazaei M. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: a comparative review on isolation, culture, and differentiation methods. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 23:1-16. [PMID: 33616792 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an available source of mesenchymal stem cells with the appropriate capacity to in vitro survive, propagate, and differentiate into cells from three lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The biological features of ADSCs depend on the donor physiology and health status, isolation procedure, culture conditions, and differentiation protocols used. Adipose tissue samples are provided by surgery and lipoaspiration-based methods and subjected to various mechanical and chemical digestion techniques to finally generate a heterogeneous mixture named stromal vascular fraction (SVF). ADSCs are purified through varied cell populations that exist within SVF and cultured under standard conditions to give rise to a highly rich resource of stem cells directly applied in the clinic or differentiated into a wide range of cells. The development and optimization of conventional isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods seem noteworthy to preserve the desirable biological functions of ADSCs in pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Khazaei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghazal Keshavarz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Nazari
- Department of Orofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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19
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Chemically Defined Xeno- and Serum-Free Cell Culture Medium to Grow Human Adipose Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020466. [PMID: 33671568 PMCID: PMC7926673 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of stem cells. However, liposuction cannot yield cell quantities sufficient for direct applications in regenerative medicine. Therefore, the development of GMP-compliant ex vivo expansion protocols is required to ensure the production of a "cell drug" that is safe, reproducible, and cost-effective. Thus, we developed our own basal defined xeno- and serum-free cell culture medium (UrSuppe), specifically formulated to grow human adipose stem cells (hASCs). With this medium, we can directly culture the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells in defined cell culture conditions to obtain hASCs. Cells proliferate while remaining undifferentiated, as shown by Flow Cytometry (FACS), Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, and their secretion products. Using the UrSuppe cell culture medium, maximum cell densities between 0.51 and 0.80 × 105 cells/cm2 (=2.55-4.00 × 105 cells/mL) were obtained. As the expansion of hASCs represents only the first step in a cell therapeutic protocol or further basic research studies, we formulated two chemically defined media to differentiate the expanded hASCs in white or beige/brown adipocytes. These new media could help translate research projects into the clinical application of hASCs and study ex vivo the biology in healthy and dysfunctional states of adipocytes and their precursors. Following the cell culture system developers' practice and obvious reasons related to the formulas' patentability, the defined media's composition will not be disclosed in this study.
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20
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Wong KU, Zhang A, Akhavan B, Bilek MM, Yeo GC. Biomimetic Culture Strategies for the Clinical Expansion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 33599471 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) typically require significant ex vivo expansion to achieve the high cell numbers required for research and clinical applications. However, conventional MSC culture on planar (2D) plastic surfaces has been shown to induce MSC senescence and decrease cell functionality over long-term proliferation, and usually, it has a high labor requirement, a high usage of reagents, and therefore, a high cost. In this Review, we describe current MSC-based therapeutic strategies and outline the important factors that need to be considered when developing next-generation cell expansion platforms. To retain the functional value of expanded MSCs, ex vivo culture systems should ideally recapitulate the components of the native stem cell microenvironment, which include soluble cues, resident cells, and the extracellular matrix substrate. We review the interplay between these stem cell niche components and their biological roles in governing MSC phenotype and functionality. We discuss current biomimetic strategies of incorporating biochemical and biophysical cues in MSC culture platforms to grow clinically relevant cell numbers while preserving cell potency and stemness. This Review summarizes the current state of MSC expansion technologies and the challenges that still need to be overcome for MSC clinical applications to be feasible and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Un Wong
- Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Anyu Zhang
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela M Bilek
- Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Giselle C Yeo
- Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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21
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Expansion and characterization of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells in serum-free conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3403. [PMID: 33564114 PMCID: PMC7873235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are gaining increasing importance in the field of regenerative medicine. Although therapeutic value of MSCs is now being established through many clinical trials, issues have been raised regarding their expansion as per regulatory guidelines. Fetal bovine serum usage in cell therapy poses difficulties due to its less-defined, highly variable composition and safety issues. Hence, there is a need for transition from serum-based to serum-free media (SFM). Since SFM are cell type-specific, a precise analysis of the properties of MSCs cultured in SFM is required to determine the most suitable one. Six different commercially available low serum/SFM with two different seeding densities were evaluated to explore their ability to support the growth and expansion of BM-MSCs and assess the characteristics of BM-MSCs cultured in these media. Except for one of the SFM, all other media tested supported the growth of BM-MSCs at a low seeding density. No significant differences were observed in the expression of MSC specific markers among the various media tested. In contrary, the population doubling time, cell yield, potency, colony-forming ability, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive properties of MSCs varied with one another. We show that SFM tested supports the growth and expansion of BM-MSCs even at low seeding density and may serve as possible replacement for animal-derived serum.
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22
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Lee YI, Kim S, Kim J, Kim J, Chung KB, Lee JH. Randomized controlled study for the anti-aging effect of human adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cell media combined with niacinamide after laser therapy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1774-1781. [PMID: 33103316 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in laser-assisted drug delivery have emphasized the importance of post-laser use of active ingredients. AIMS We evaluated the effect of topical post-laser treatment with adipocyte-derived stem cell-containing medium (ADSC-CM) in combination with niacinamide through a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study. PATIENTS/METHODS Twenty-five patients with aging skin underwent ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment on both sides of the face for skin rejuvenation. Moisturizers with or without ADSC-CM plus 2% niacinamide was applied to the designated sides of faces for 3 weeks. The wrinkle and the melanin indices were assessed using a specialized digital photography analyzer. Additional in vitro assays were performed. RESULTS The wrinkle index, melanin index, patient satisfaction score, and the investigator's global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) after use of ADSC-CM plus niacinamide were significantly higher than after use of the vehicle cream. The in vitro UVB irradiation assays with human keratinocytes showed decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon incubation with ADSC-CM plus niacinamide, and the cell scratch assay displayed decreased MMP-1 and MMP-2 expression as well as increased Type 1 collagen expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that post-laser topical application of ADSC-CM in combination with niacinamide has anti-aging effect on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young In Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jemin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Maumus M, Rozier P, Boulestreau J, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:997. [PMID: 33015001 PMCID: PMC7511661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert similar effects as their parental cells, and are of interest for various therapeutic applications. EVs can act through uptake by the target cells followed by release of their cargo inside the cytoplasm, or through interaction of membrane-bound ligands with receptors expressed on target cells to stimulate downstream intracellular pathways. EV-based therapeutics may be directly used as substitutes of intact cells or after modification for targeted drug delivery. However, for the development of EV-based therapeutics, several production, isolation, and characterization requirements have to be met and the quality of the final product has to be tested before its clinical implementation. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the development of EV-based therapeutics and the regulatory specifications for their successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maumus
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Bauerfeind France, IRMB, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Rozier
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Boulestreau
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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24
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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25
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Lavrentieva A, Hoffmann A, Lee-Thedieck C. Limited Potential or Unfavorable Manipulations? Strategies Toward Efficient Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:316. [PMID: 32509777 PMCID: PMC7248306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite almost 50 years of research and over 20 years of preclinical and clinical studies, the question of curative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is still widely discussed in the scientific community. Non-reproducible treatment outcomes or even absence of treatment effects in comparison to control groups challenges the potential of these cells for routine application both in tissue engineering and in regenerative medicine. One of the reasons of such outcomes is non-standardized and often disadvantageous ex vivo manipulation of MSCs prior therapy. In most cases, clinically relevant cell numbers for MSC-based therapies can be only obtained by in vitro expansion of isolated cells. In this mini review, we will discuss point by point possible pitfalls in the production of human MSCs for cell therapies, without consideration of material-based applications. Starting with cell source, choice of donor and recipient, as well as isolation methods, we will then discuss existing expansion protocols (two-/three-dimensional cultivation, basal medium, medium supplements, static/dynamic conditions, and hypoxic/normoxic conditions) and influence of these strategies on the cell functionality after implantation. The role of potency assays will also be addressed. The final aim of this mini review is to illustrate the heterogeneity of current strategies for gaining MSCs for clinical applications with their strengths and weaknesses. Only a careful consideration and standardization of all pretreatment processes/methods for the different applications of MSCs will ensure robust and reproducible performance of these cell populations in the different experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Palamà MEF, Shaw GM, Carluccio S, Reverberi D, Sercia L, Persano L, Pisignano D, Cortese K, Barry FP, Murphy JM, Gentili C. The Secretome Derived From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cultured in a Xeno-Free Medium Promotes Human Cartilage Recovery in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:90. [PMID: 32117953 PMCID: PMC7033421 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disorder causing articular cartilage degeneration. Currently, the treatments are mainly aimed to pain and symptoms relief, rather than disease amelioration. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) have emerged as a promising paracrine mechanism-based tool for OA treatment. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of conditioned media (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from hBMSC and grown in a xeno-free culture system (XFS) compared to the conventional fetal bovine serum-culture system (FBS) in an in vitro model of OA. First, we observed that XFS promoted growth and viability of hBMSCs compared to FBS-containing medium while preserving their typical phenotype. The biological effects of the CM derived from hBMSC cultivated in XFS- and FBS-based medium were tested on IL-1α treated human chondrocytes, to mimic the OA enviroment. Treatment with CM derived from XFS-cultured hBMSC inhibited IL-1α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 by hACs compared to FBS-based condition. Furthermore, we observed that hBMSCs grown in XFS produced a higher amount of EVs compared to FBS-culture. The hBMSC-EVs not only inhibit the adverse effects of IL-1α-induced inflammation, but play a significant in vitro chondroprotective effect. In conclusion, the XFS medium was found to be suitable for isolation and expansion of hBMSCs with increased safety profile and intended for ready-to-use clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simonetta Carluccio
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- U.O. Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Sercia
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Dario Pisignano
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francis Peter Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Josephine Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Huang Q, Yang Y, Luo C, Wen Y, Liu R, Li S, Chen T, Sun H, Tang L. An efficient protocol to generate placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells with superior proliferative and immunomodulatory properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:301. [PMID: 31623677 PMCID: PMC6796371 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs) represent a promising tool for cell-based therapeutic applications. However, the increasing demand for P-MSCs in clinical trials makes high quality and large number of P-MSCs mandatory. Here, we aim to develop an efficient protocol for P-MSC isolation and culture. Methods The modified explant culture (MEC) method by combining an initial mild enzymatic reaction with the subsequent explant culture was developed to simultaneously produce various P-MSCs from the different regions of the placenta in serum-free medium (SFM). Its isolation efficiencies, cell yield, and proliferative capacity were compared with the conventional explant culture (EC) method. Furthermore, we determined whether functional properties of P-MSCs are affected by the used tissue-harvesting sites in terms of their proliferation, migration, and the immunomodulatory effect on macrophage. Results The MEC method achieved higher yield and shorter time in primary cell confluence in SFM compared with the conventional method. The harvested cells possessed the MSC characteristics and demonstrated significantly stronger proliferation ability. Importantly, MSCs derived from chorionic plate (CP-MSCs) were found to exhibit superior properties to the other P-MSCs in proliferation and migration capacity, maintaining the fetal origin over serial passages. Notably, CP-MSCs show stronger ability in regulating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. Conclusion Our study developed an efficient and high-yield technique to produce high-quality P-MSCs from the placenta, hence serving as an optimal source of MSCs for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ruohong Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, 610083, China. .,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Seo Y, Shin TH, Kim HS. Current Strategies to Enhance Adipose Stem Cell Function: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153827. [PMID: 31387282 PMCID: PMC6696067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapeutic tool targeting a variety of inflammatory disorders due to their multiple remarkable properties, such as superior immunomodulatory function and tissue-regenerative capacity. Although bone marrow (BM) is a dominant source for adult MSCs, increasing evidence suggests that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be easily obtained at a relatively high yield, have potent therapeutic advantages comparable with BM-MSCs. Despite its outstanding benefits in pre-clinical settings, the practical efficacy of ASCs remains controversial since clinical trials with ASC application often resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes. To overcome this challenge, scientists established several strategies to generate highly functional ASCs beyond the naïve cells, including (1) pre-conditioning of ASCs with various stimulants such as inflammatory agents, (2) genetic manipulation of ASCs and (3) modification of culture conditions with three-dimensional (3D) aggregate formation and hypoxic culture. Also, exosomes and other extracellular vesicles secreted from ASCs can be applied directly to recapitulate the beneficial performance of ASCs. This review summarizes the current strategies to improve the therapeutic features of ASCs for successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are the basis of procedures intended for tissue regeneration. These cells are heterogeneous, owing to various factors, including the donor age, sex, body mass index, and clinical condition; the isolation procedure (liposuction or fat excision); the place from where the cells were sampled (body site and depth of each adipose depot); culture surface; type of medium (whether supplemented with fetal bovine serum or xeno-free), that affect the principal phenotypic features of ASCs. The features related to ASCs heterogeneity are relevant for the success of therapeutic procedures; these features include proliferation capacity, differentiation potential, immunophenotype, and the secretome. These are important characteristics for the success of regenerative tissue engineering, not only because of their effects upon the reconstruction and healing exerted by ASCs themselves, but also because of the paracrine signaling of ASCs and its impact on recipient tissues. Knowledge of sources of heterogeneity will be helpful in the standardization of ASCs-based procedures. New avenues of research could include evaluation of the effects of the use of more homo1geneous ASCs for specific purposes, the study of ASCs-recipient interactions in heterologous cell transplantation, and the characterization of epigenetic changes in ASCs, as well as investigations of the effect of the metabolome upon ASCs behavior in culture.
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30
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Chu DT, Nguyen Thi Phuong T, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Minh LB, Thanh VV, Gia Anh P, Pham VH, Thi Nga V. Adipose Tissue Stem Cells for Therapy: An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E917. [PMID: 31247996 PMCID: PMC6678927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs), known as multipotent stem cells, are most commonly used in the clinical applications in recent years. Adipose tissues (AT) have the advantage in the harvesting, isolation, and expansion of ASCs, especially an abundant amount of stem cells compared to bone marrow. ASCs can be found in stromal vascular fractions (SVF) which are easily obtained from the dissociation of adipose tissue. Both SVFs and culture-expanded ASCs exhibit the stem cell characteristics such as differentiation into multiple cell types, regeneration, and immune regulators. Therefore, SVFs and ASCs have been researched to evaluate the safety and benefits for human use. In fact, the number of clinical trials on ASCs is going to increase by years; however, most trials are in phase I and II, and lack phase III and IV. This systemic review highlights and updates the process of the harvesting, characteristics, isolation, culture, storage, and application of ASCs, as well as provides further directions on the therapeutic use of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le Bui Minh
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh St., Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Gia Anh
- Oncology Department, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Vu Thi Nga
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
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31
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Sagaradze G, Grigorieva O, Nimiritsky P, Basalova N, Kalinina N, Akopyan Z, Efimenko A. Conditioned Medium from Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Towards the Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071656. [PMID: 30987106 PMCID: PMC6479925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) remain a promising tool for regenerative medicine as the efficacy of MSC-based cell therapy has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications. Their therapeutic potency is mainly associated with their ability to secrete multiple factors critical for tissue regeneration. Due to comparable effects along with superior safety MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) containing a complex of MSC-secreted products is considered a reasonable alternative to cell therapy. However, the lack of standards regulating bioprocessing, use of proper auxiliary materials, and quality control complicates the development of MSC secretome-based therapeutics. In this study, we suggested several approaches addressing these issues. We manufactured 36 MSC-CM samples based on different xeno-free serum-free chemically defined media (DMEM-LG or MSC NutriStem® XF) using original protocols and considered total concentrations of regeneration-associated paracrine factors secreted by human adipose-derived MSC at each time-point of conditioning. Using regression analysis, we retrospectively predicted associations between concentrations of several components of MSC-CM and its biological activity to stimulate human dermal fibroblast and endothelial cell migration in vitro as routine examples of potency assays for cell-based products. We also demonstrated that the cell culture medium might affect MSC-CM biological activity to varying degrees depending on the potency assay type. Furthermore, we showed that regression analysis might help to overcome donor variability. The suggested approaches might be successfully applied for other cell types if their secretome was shown to be promising for application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy Sagaradze
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-10, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119191, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-1, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119192, Russia.
| | - Olga Grigorieva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-10, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119191, Russia.
| | - Peter Nimiritsky
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-10, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119191, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-1, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119192, Russia.
| | - Nataliya Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-10, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119191, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-1, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119192, Russia.
| | - Natalia Kalinina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-1, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119192, Russia.
| | - Zhanna Akopyan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-10, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119191, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-1, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119192, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-10, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119191, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 27-1, Lomonosovsky av., Moscow 119192, Russia.
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32
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Manufacturing of primed mesenchymal stromal cells for therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:90-104. [PMID: 30944433 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for basic research and clinical applications are manufactured and developed as unique cell products by many different manufacturers and laboratories, often under different conditions. The lack of standardization of MSC identity has limited consensus around which MSC properties are relevant for specific outcomes. In this Review, we examine how the choice of media, cell source, culture environment and storage affects the phenotype and clinical utility of MSC-based products, and discuss the techniques better suited to prime MSCs with specific phenotypes of interest and the need for the continued development of standardized assays that provide quality assurance for clinical-grade MSCs. Bioequivalence between cell products and batches must be investigated rather than assumed, so that the diversity of phenotypes between differing MSC products can be accounted for to identify products with the highest therapeutic potential and to preserve their safety in clinical treatments.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: From Discovery to Manufacturing and Commercialization. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4083921. [PMID: 30057622 PMCID: PMC6051015 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4083921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been the focus of intense research by academia and industry due to their unique features. MSC can be easily isolated and expanded through in vitro culture by taking full advantage of their self-renewing capacity. In addition, MSC exert immunomodulatory effects and can be differentiated into various lineages, which makes them highly attractive for clinical applications in cell-based therapies. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief historical overview of MSC discovery, characterization, and the first clinical studies conducted. The current MSC manufacturing platforms are reviewed with special attention regarding the use of bioreactors for the production of GMP-compliant clinically relevant cell numbers. The first commercial MSC-based products are also addressed, as well as the remaining challenges to the widespread use of MSC-derived products.
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