1
|
Li J, Han N, Liu Z, Osman A, Xu L, Song J, Xiao Y, Hu W. Role of Galectin-3 in intervertebral disc degeneration: an experimental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:249. [PMID: 38561725 PMCID: PMC10983641 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the role of Galectin-3 in the degeneration of intervertebral disc cartilage. METHODS The patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery due to degenerative disc disease were recruited and divided into Modic I, Modic II, and Modic III; groups. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in endplates. The changes of Galectin-3, MMP3, Aggrecan, CCL3, and Col II were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot. MTT and flow cytometry were used to detect cartilage endplate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. RESULTS With the progression of degeneration (from Modic I to III), the chondrocytes and density of the cartilage endplate of the intervertebral disc decreased, and the collagen arrangement of the cartilage endplate of the intervertebral disc was broken and calcified. Meanwhile, the expressions of Aggrecan, Col II, Galectin-3, Aggrecan, and CCL3 gradually decreased. After treatment with Galectin-3 inhibitor GB1107, the proliferation of rat cartilage end plate cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). GB1107 (25 µmol/L) also significantly promoted the apoptosis of cartilage endplate cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of cartilage endplate cells in the G1 phase was significantly higher, while that in the G2 and S phases was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP3, CCL3, and Aggrecan in rat cartilage end plate cells were lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 decreases with the progression of the cartilage endplate degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Galectin-3 may affect intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Li
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Nianrong Han
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Zhenqiang Liu
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Akram Osman
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Jing Song
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The Second Spine Department, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matilla L, Martín-Núñez E, Garaikoetxea M, Navarro A, Tamayo I, Fernández-Celis A, Gainza A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Muntendam P, Álvarez V, Sádaba R, Jover E, López-Andrés N. Sex-specific role of galectin-3 in aortic stenosis. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37875993 PMCID: PMC10598900 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Men and women develop these mechanisms differently. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic lectin in AS. In this work, we aim to analyse a potential sex-differential role of Gal-3 in AS. METHODS 226 patients (61.50% men) with severe AS undergoing surgical aortic valve (AV) replacement were recruited. In AVs, Gal-3 expression and its relationship with inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic markers was assessed. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were primary cultured to perform in vitro experiments. RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed that intracellular Gal-3 was over-expressed in VICs of male AS patients. Gal-3 secretion was also higher in men's VICs as compared to women's. In human AVs, Gal-3 protein levels were significantly higher in men, with stronger immunostaining in VICs with myofibroblastic phenotype and valve endothelial cells. Gal-3 levels in AVs were positively correlated with inflammatory markers in both sexes. Gal-3 expression was also positively correlated with osteogenic markers mainly in men AVs, and with angiogenic molecules only in this sex. In vitro, Gal-3 treatment induced expression of inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic markers in male's VICs, while it only upregulated inflammatory and osteogenic molecules in women-derived cells. Gal-3 blockade with pharmacological inhibitors (modified citrus pectin and G3P-01) prevented the upregulation of inflammatory, osteogenic and angiogenic molecules. CONCLUSIONS Gal-3 plays a sex-differential role in the setting of AS, and it could be a new sex-specific therapeutic target controlling pathological features of AS in VICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Matilla
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mattie Garaikoetxea
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela Navarro
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Tamayo
- Research Methodology Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Gainza
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Virginia Álvarez
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Sádaba
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Jover
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3., 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi MJ, You TM, Jang YJ. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in BMP7-Induced Cementoblastic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells by Interacting with Extracellular Components. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:5924286. [PMID: 37396953 PMCID: PMC10313471 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5924286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) contain multipotent postnatal stem cells that differentiate into PDL progenitors, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts. Previously, we obtained cementoblast-like cells from hPDLSCs using bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) treatment. Differentiation into appropriate progenitor cells requires interactions and changes between stem or progenitor cells and their so-called environment niches, and cell surface markers play an important role. However, cementoblast-specific cell surface markers have not yet been fully studied. Through decoy immunization with intact cementoblasts, we developed a series of monoclonal antibodies against cementoblast-specific membrane/extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. One of these antibodies, the anti-CM3 antibody, recognized an approximate 30 kDa protein in a mouse cementoblast cell line, and the CM3 antigenic molecule accumulated in the cementum region of human tooth roots. Using mass spectrometric analysis, we found that the antigenic molecules recognized by the anti-CM3 antibody were galectin-3. As cementoblastic differentiation progressed, the expression of galectin-3 increased, and it localized at the cell surface. Inhibition of galectin-3 via siRNA and a specific inhibitor showed the complete blockage of cementoblastic differentiation and mineralization. In contrast, ectopic expression of galectin-3 induced cementoblastic differentiation. Galectin-3 interacted with laminin α2 and BMP7, and these interactions were diminished by galectin-3 inhibitors. These results suggested that galectin-3 participates in binding to the ECM component and trapping BMP7 to induce, in a sustained fashion, the upregulation of cementoblastic differentiation. Finally, galectin-3 could be a potential cementoblast-specific cell surface marker, with functional importance in cell-to-ECM interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min You
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Afacan B, Ilhan HA, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04991-7. [PMID: 37017753 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate GCF Galectin-3 and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-β) levels in different grades (B and C) of stage 3 periodontitis, concurrently, and also to investigate their discriminative efficiencies in periodontal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals, 20 stage 3 grade C (S3GC) periodontitis 20 stage 3 grade B (S3GB) periodontitis, 20 gingivitis, and 20 periodontally healthy were enrolled. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF Galectin-3 and IL-1β total amounts were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Galectin-3 and IL-1β were detected in all participants. Both periodontitis groups had significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 total amounts than periodontally healthy controls (p <0.05). S3GC periodontitis group had also significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 levels than gingivitis group (p <0.05). GCF IL-1β levels in periodontitis groups were higher than gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups (p <0.05). Galectin-3 exhibited an AUC value of 0.89 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health, an AUC value of 0.87 with 80% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis versus gingivitis, while an AUC value of 0.85 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GB periodontitis from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS GCF Galectin-3 levels are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Galectin-3 showed excellent diagnostic performances to discriminate S3GB and S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health and gingivitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings suggest that GCF Galectin-3 levels may be useful in the diagnosis of the periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Harika Atmaca Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fernández Vallone V, Borzone FR, Martinez LM, Giorello MB, Choi H, Dimase F, Feldman L, Bordenave RH, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Batagelj E, Chasseing NA. Spontaneous Osteoclastogenesis, a risk factor for bone metastasis in advanced luminal A-type breast cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1073793. [PMID: 36890825 PMCID: PMC9986318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteolytic bone metastasis in advanced breast cancer stages are a major complication for patient´s quality life and a sign of low survival prognosis. Permissive microenvironments which allow cancer cell secondary homing and later proliferation are fundamental for metastatic processes. The causes and mechanisms behind bone metastasis in breast cancer patients are still an unsolved puzzle. Therefore, in this work we contribute to describe bone marrow pre-metastatic niche in advanced breast cancer patients. Results We show an increase in osteoclasts precursors with a concomitant imbalance towards spontaneous osteoclastogenesis which can be evidenced at bone marrow and peripheral levels. Pro-osteoclastogenic factors RANKL and CCL-2 may contribute to bone resorption signature observed in bone marrow. Meanwhile, expression levels of specific microRNAs in primary breast tumors may already indicate a pro-osteoclastogenic scenario prior to bone metastasis. Discussion The discovery of prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets linked to bone metastasis initiation and development are a promising perspective for preventive treatments and metastasis management in advanced breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fernández Vallone
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hosoon Choi
- Research Service, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, TX, United States
| | - Federico Dimase
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Militar Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Feldman
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPB), Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation/Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio Batagelj
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Militar Central, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Regulon active landscape reveals cell development and functional state changes of human primary osteoblasts in vivo. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:11. [PMID: 36793138 PMCID: PMC9930257 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While transcription factor (TF) regulation is known to play an important role in osteoblast development, differentiation, and bone metabolism, the molecular features of TFs in human osteoblasts at the single-cell resolution level have not yet been characterized. Here, we identified modules (regulons) of co-regulated genes by applying single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering to the single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of human osteoblasts. We also performed cell-specific network (CSN) analysis, reconstructed regulon activity-based osteoblast development trajectories, and validated the functions of important regulons both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We identified four cell clusters: preosteoblast-S1, preosteoblast-S2, intermediate osteoblasts, and mature osteoblasts. CSN analysis results and regulon activity-based osteoblast development trajectories revealed cell development and functional state changes of osteoblasts. CREM and FOSL2 regulons were mainly active in preosteoblast-S1, FOXC2 regulons were mainly active in intermediate osteoblast, and RUNX2 and CREB3L1 regulons were most active in mature osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe the unique features of human osteoblasts in vivo based on cellular regulon active landscapes. Functional state changes of CREM, FOSL2, FOXC2, RUNX2, and CREB3L1 regulons regarding immunity, cell proliferation, and differentiation identified the important cell stages or subtypes that may be predominantly affected by bone metabolism disorders. These findings may lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone metabolism and associated diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Su D, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ren Y, Liu R, Du B, Duan R, Shi Y, Liu L, Li X, Zhang Q. Locally delivered modified citrus pectin - a galectin-3 inhibitor shows expected anti-inflammatory and unexpected regeneration-promoting effects on repair of articular cartilage defect. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yu J, Tang L. Galectin-1 deletion in mice causes bone loss via impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22516. [PMID: 36006656 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200397r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation is dependent on the osteoblasts which are differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In addition to potent proliferation, self-renewal, and pluripotent differentiation, BMSCs have been extensively studied due to their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been proposed as a potent mediator of immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs. Previous study demonstrated that Gal-1 showed age-related decline in mice serum and serum Gal-1 was positively associated with bone mass in mice. The current study makes attempts to elucidate the functional role of Gal-1 in skeletal system by investigating the regulation of Gal-1 expression during BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Gal-1 on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In Gal-1 null (-/-) mice, bone loss was observed due to bone formation attenuation. In in vitro experiments, Gal-1 supported the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by binding to CD146 to activate Lrp5 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, there was positive feedback regulation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to maintain Gal-1 high-level expression during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. More importantly, Gal-1 down-regulation in BMSCs and attenuation of osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs were observed in aged mice compared with young mice. Gal-1 over-expression could enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of aged BMSCs. Our study will benefit not only for deeper insights into the functional role of Gal-1 but also for finding new targets to modulate BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangming Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Autocrine Activity of Extracellular Vesicles Induced by Icariin and Its Effectiveness in Glucocorticoid-Induced Injury of Bone Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121921. [PMID: 35741052 PMCID: PMC9221798 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids could induce injury and apoptosis of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) in the femoral head, which is associated with the development of osteonecrosis and osteoporosis. Icariin is a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from Epimedium brevicornum, serving as the main active pharmaceutical constituent to treat bone loss. Currently, the impact of the autocrine activity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) induced by icariin on the glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs is still to be confirmed. In this study, EVs were isolated from BMECs treated with and without icariin by super-speed centrifugation. Although icariin treatment would not significantly change the size and total protein content of BMECs-derived EVs, expression of EVs-carried vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was enhanced and numerous miRNAs involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis were upregulated (e.g., hsa-miR-1469 and hsa-miR-133a-5p) or downregulated (e.g., hsa-miR-10b-5p) (p < 0.05). A total of 29 differentially expressed inflammatory factors were detected between the EVs secreted by BMECs from the Icariin-treated group and the Model group. The EVs secreted by BMECs could improve cell viability, decrease cell apoptosis, and promote cell migration and angiogenesis under the intervention of glucocorticoids. Meanwhile, icariin intervention could reinforce these protective effects of BMECs-derived EVs. To sum up, the present study indicates that icariin acts as a promising candidate for treating glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs and bone diseases, partially through the autocrine activity of EVs. In vivo or animal studies are still required to better understand the function of BMECs-derived EVs.
Collapse
|
10
|
O-GlcNAcylation and Regulation of Galectin-3 in Extraembryonic Endoderm Differentiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050623. [PMID: 35625551 PMCID: PMC9138951 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of proteins through the addition and removal of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) plays a role in many signaling events, specifically in stem cell pluripotency and the regulation of differentiation. However, these post-translational modifications have not been explored in extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) differentiation. Of the plethora of proteins regulated through O-GlcNAc, we explored galectin-3 as a candidate protein known to have various intracellular and extracellular functions. Based on other studies, we predicted a reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation levels and a distinct galectin expression profile in XEN cells relative to embryonic stem (ES) cells. By conducting dot blot analysis, XEN cells had decreased levels of global O-GlcNAc than ES cells, which reflected a disbalance in the expression of genes encoding O-GlcNAc cycle enzymes. Immunoassays (Western blot and ELISA) revealed that although XEN cells (low O-GlcNAc) had lower concentrations of both intracellular and extracellular galectin-3 than ES cells (high O-GlcNAc), the relative secretion of galectin-3 was significantly increased by XEN cells. Inducing ES cells toward XEN in the presence of an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor was not sufficient to inhibit XEN differentiation. However, global O-GlcNAcylation was found to decrease in differentiated cells and the extracellular localization of galectin-3 accompanies these changes. Inhibiting global O-GlcNAcylation status does not, however, impact pluripotency and the ability of ES cells to differentiate to the XEN lineage.
Collapse
|
11
|
Duarte C, Yamada C, Garcia C, Akkaoui J, Ho A, Nichols F, Movila A. Crosstalk between dihydroceramides produced by
Porphyromonas gingivalis
and host lysosomal cathepsin B in the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2841-2851. [PMID: 35429112 PMCID: PMC9097840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Christopher Garcia
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Juliet Akkaoui
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Anny Ho
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Frank Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Role of Galectin-3 in 1α,25(OH) 2D 3-Regulated Osteoclast Formation from White Leghorn Chickens In Vitro. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100234. [PMID: 34679063 PMCID: PMC8537632 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones play an important role in maintaining the level of calcium in blood. They provide support for soft tissues and hematopoiesis and undergo continuous renewal throughout life. In addition, vitamin D is involved in regulating bone and calcium homeostasis. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that can regulate bone cell differentiation and function. Here, we aimed to study the regulatory effects of Gal-3 on vitamin-D-regulated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in chicken. Gal-3 expression in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from 18-day-old chicken embryos was inhibited or overexpressed. BMSCs were then co-cultured with bone marrow monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) with or without addition of 1α,25(OH)2D3. The results showed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 upregulated the expression of Gal-3 mRNA and receptor activator of nuclear-factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression in BMSCs and promoted osteoclastogenesis, as shown by the upregulated expression of osteoclast (OC) markers (CtsK, CAII, MMP-9, and TRAP) and increased bone resorption, a method for measuring the bone resorption area in vitro. Knockdown of Gal-3 by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in BMSCs downregulated the expression of RANKL mRNA and attenuated the effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Conversely, overexpression of Gal-3 in BMSCs enhanced the effects of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by increasing the expression of RANKL mRNA. These results demonstrated that Gal-3 mediates the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts regulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3.
Collapse
|
13
|
Masbuchin AN, Rohman MS, Liu PY. Role of Glycosylation in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9829. [PMID: 34575990 PMCID: PMC8469761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important step in post-translational protein modification. Altered glycosylation results in an abnormality that causes diseases such as malignancy and cardiovascular diseases. Recent emerging evidence highlights the importance of glycosylation in vascular calcification. Two major types of glycosylation, N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, are involved in vascular calcification. Other glycosylation mechanisms, which polymerize the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain onto protein, resulting in proteoglycan (PG), also have an impact on vascular calcification. This paper discusses the role of glycosylation in vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainun Nizar Masbuchin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65111, Indonesia;
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang L, Huang Y, Lou H, Gong X, Ouyang Q, Yu H. LGALS3BP/Gal-3 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 128:105149. [PMID: 34052527 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the role of LGALS3BP/Gal-3 in the process of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) differentiating into osteoblasts. METHODS IP-WB experiments were carried out to examine the binding of LGALS3BP and Gal-3. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of LGALS3BP and Gal-3 in hPDLSCs with or without osteogenic differentiation inducement. The expressions of differentiation-related Oct4, Sox2 and Runx2 were also detected by western blot. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Assay Kit was used to measure ALP activity in hPDLSCs. The mineralization ability of hPDLSCs was observed by staining with Alizarin Red S solution. RESULTS LGALS3BP bound with Gal-3 in hPDLSCs, and the expression of LGALS3BP and Gal-3 was improved after osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Recombinant GAL-3 promoted the expression of differentiation-related proteins Oct4 and Sox2 and Runx2 in osteogenic differentiation-induced hPDLSCs. Recombinant GAL-3 also promoted the differentiation of osteogenesis-induced hPDLSCs. Furthermore, LGALS3BP had a facilitating effect on differentiation-related protein expression, while it could be reversed by shGal-3. LGALS3BP also promoted osteogenic capacity of hPDLSCs, and shGal-3 could reverse this effect. CONCLUSION LGALS3BP binds to Gal-3, producing a promoting effect on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, the Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanfei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, the Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huiquan Lou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First People's Hospital, the Affiliated Kunhua Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xuetao Gong
- Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital, the Affiliated Zhaotong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, the Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Hongbin Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, the Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Akkaya HÜ, Yılmaz HE, Narin F, Sağlam M. Evaluation of galectin-3, peptidylarginine deiminase-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in gingival crevicular fluid for periodontal health, gingivitis and stage III grade C periodontitis: A pilot study. J Periodontol 2021; 93:80-88. [PMID: 33913157 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of galectin-3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in individuals with stage III grade C periodontitis and gingivitis and with healthy periodontium was the purpose of this clinical research. METHODS Sixty systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals consisting of stage III grade C periodontitis (group S3P/n = 20), gingivitis (group G/n = 20), and periodontally healthy (group HP/n = 20) were recruited for this research. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were recorded in periodontal charts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used in evaluating the GCF levels of galectin-3, PAD4, and TNF-α for study groups. RESULTS The GCF galectin-3 total amount was highest in group S3P compared with group G and group HP (P <0.05). Its total amount was also higher in group G compared with group HP (P <0.05). The GCF PAD4 total amount was higher in group S3P compared with group HP (P <0.05) but was similar with group G (P >0.05). Its total amounts were also similar in group G and group HP (P >0.05). The GCF TNF-α total amounts were similar in group S3P and group G (P >0.05) but significantly greater than the group HP (P ˂0.05). The GCF galectin-3, PAD4, and TNF-α concentrations were lower in the group S3P and group G compared with the group HP (P <0.05). There were significant positive correlations between GCF galectin-3 total amount and all clinical parameters (P ˂0.01) and also between GCF galectin-3 and TNF-α total amounts (P ˂0.01). There was no correlation between PAD4 and clinical parameters, or between PAD4 and TNF-α (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 and PAD4 may be involved in the periodontal disease pathogenesis considering the elevated levels of these molecules in periodontal disease. These biomarkers may be used in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Üstünel Akkaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huriye Erbak Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey.,Dokuz Eylül University Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Narin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Velickovic M, Arsenijevic A, Acovic A, Arsenijevic D, Milovanovic J, Dimitrijevic J, Todorovic Z, Milovanovic M, Kanjevac T, Arsenijevic N. Galectin-3, Possible Role in Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases and Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638258. [PMID: 33815121 PMCID: PMC8017193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that occur due to the imbalance between microbial communities in the oral cavity and the immune response of the host that lead to destruction of tooth supporting structures and finally to alveolar bone loss. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin with important roles in numerous biological processes. By direct binding to microbes and modulation of their clearence, Galectin-3 can affect the composition of microbial community in the oral cavity. Galectin-3 also modulates the function of many immune cells in the gingiva and gingival sulcus and thus can affect immune homeostasis. Few clinical studies demonstrated increased expression of Galectin-3 in different forms of periodontal diseases. Therefore, the objective of this mini review is to discuss the possible effects of Galectin-3 on the process of immune homeostasis and the balance between oral microbial community and host response and to provide insights into the potential therapeutic targeting of Gal-3 in periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velickovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Acovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dimitrijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Todorovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gatti M, Beretti F, Zavatti M, Bertucci E, Ribeiro Luz S, Palumbo C, Maraldi T. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Counteract Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010038. [PMID: 33375177 PMCID: PMC7792960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Osteoporosis is characterized by defects in both quality and quantity of bone tissue, which imply high susceptibility to fractures with limitations of autonomy. Current therapies for osteoporosis are mostly concentrated on how to inhibit bone resorption but give serious adverse effects. Therefore, more effective and safer therapies are needed that even encourage bone formation. Here we examined the effect of extracellular vesicles secreted by human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) (AFSC-EV) on a model of osteoporosis in vitro. Methods—human AFSC-EV were added to the culture medium of a human pre-osteoblast cell line (HOB) induced to differentiate, and then treated with dexamethasone as osteoporosis inducer. Aspects of differentiation and viability were assessed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, mass spectrometry, and histological assays. Since steroids induce oxidative stress, the levels of reactive oxygen species and of redox related proteins were evaluated. Results—AFSC-EV were able to ameliorate the differentiation ability of HOB both in the case of pre-osteoblasts and when the differentiation process was affected by dexamethasone. Moreover, the viability was increased and parallelly apoptotic markers were reduced. The presence of EV positively modulated the redox unbalance due to dexamethasone. Conclusion—these findings demonstrated that EV from hAFSC have the ability to recover precursor cell potential and delay local bone loss in steroid-related osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Soraia Ribeiro Luz
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Carla Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (F.B.); (M.Z.); (S.R.L.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-9422-3178; Fax: +39-05-9422-4859
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ocken AR, Ku MM, Kinzer-Ursem TL, Calve S. Perlecan Knockdown Significantly Alters Extracellular Matrix Composition and Organization During Cartilage Development. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1220-1235. [PMID: 32381549 PMCID: PMC7338092 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a critical proteoglycan found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage. In healthy cartilage, perlecan regulates cartilage biomechanics and we previously demonstrated perlecan deficiency leads to reduced cellular and ECM stiffness in vivo This change in mechanics may lead to the early onset osteoarthritis seen in disorders resulting from perlecan knockdown such as Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS). To identify how perlecan knockdown affects the material properties of developing cartilage, we used imaging and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to study the ECM in a murine model of SJS, Hspg2C1532Y-Neo Perlecan knockdown led to defective pericellular matrix formation, whereas the abundance of bulk ECM proteins, including many collagens, increased. Post-translational modifications and ultrastructure of collagens were not significantly different; however, LC-MS/MS analysis showed more protein was secreted by Hspg2C1532Y-Neo cartilage in vitro, suggesting that the incorporation of newly synthesized ECM was impaired. In addition, glycosaminoglycan deposition was atypical, which may explain the previously observed decrease in mechanics. Overall, these findings provide insight into the influence of perlecan on functional cartilage assembly and the progression of osteoarthritis in SJS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Ocken
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Madeline M Ku
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nicolas J, Magli S, Rabbachin L, Sampaolesi S, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimics: Fundamental Concepts and Role of Materials Chemistry to Influence Stem Cell Fate. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1968-1994. [PMID: 32227919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural behavior and develop very different phenotypes and genotypes than in vivo, great efforts in materials chemistry have been devoted to reproducing in vitro behavior in in vivo cell microenvironments. This requires fine-tuning the biochemical and structural actors in synthetic ECMs. This review will present the fundamentals of the ECM, cover the chemical and structural features of the scaffolds used to generate ECM mimics, discuss the nature of the signaling biomolecules required and exploited to generate bioresponsive cell microenvironments able to induce a specific cell fate, and highlight the synthetic strategies involved in creating functional 3D ECM mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sofia Magli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Rabbachin
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Sampaolesi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Z, Li L, Zhang L, Yan J, Shao C, Bao Z, Liu J, Li Y, Zhou M, Hou L, Jing L, Pang Q, Geng Y, Mao X, Gu W, Wang Z. Macrophage galectin-3 enhances intimal translocation of vascular calcification in diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1068-H1079. [PMID: 32216615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00690.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical risks and prognosis of diabetic vascular intimal calcification (VIC) and medial calcification (VMC) are different. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of VIC/VMC translocation. Anterior tibial arteries were collected from patients with diabetic foot amputation. The patients were then divided into VIC and VMC groups. There were plaques in all anterior tibial arteries, while the enrichment of galectin-3 in arterial plaques in the VIC group was significantly higher than that in the VMC group. Furthermore, a macrophage/vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) coculture system was constructed. VSMC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was labeled with fluorescent probe. After macrophages were pretreated with recombinant galectin-3 protein, the migration of VSMC-derived EVs and VSMC-derived calcification was more pronounced. And anti-galectin-3 antibody can inhibit this process of EVs and calcification translocation. Then, lentivirus (LV)-treated bone marrow cells (BMCs) were transplanted into apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, and a diabetic atherosclerosis mouse model was constructed. After 15 wk of high-fat diet, ApoE-/- mice transplanted with LV-shgalectin-3 BMCs exhibited medial calcification and a concentrated distribution of EVs in the media. In conclusion, upregulation of galectin-3 in macrophages promotes the migration of VSMC-derived EVs to the intima and induces diabetic vascular intimal calcification.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The clinical risk and prognosis of vascular intimal and medial calcification are different. Macrophage galectin-3 regulates the migration of vascular smooth muscle cell-derived extracellular vesicles and mediates diabetic vascular intimal/medial calcification translocation. This study may provide insights into the early intervention in diabetic vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengyang Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lina Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiwen Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eliaz I, Raz A. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112619. [PMID: 31683865 PMCID: PMC6893732 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) has a low-molecular-weight degree of esterification to allow absorption from the small intestinal epithelium into the circulation. MCP produces pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to its antagonism of galectin-3, which have shown benefit in preclinical and clinical models. Regarding cancer, MCP modulates several rate-limiting steps of the metastatic cascade. MCP can also affect cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding fibrotic diseases, MCP modulates many of the steps involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. MCP also reduces fibrosis to the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. Other benefits of MCP include detoxification and improved immune function. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of MCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, 398 Tesconi Ct, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA.
| | - Avraham Raz
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murray CE, Coleman CM. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194873. [PMID: 31575077 PMCID: PMC6801685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to a diabetic environment leads to changes in bone metabolism and impaired bone micro-architecture through a variety of mechanisms on molecular and structural levels. These changes predispose the bone to an increased fracture risk and impaired osseus healing. In a clinical practice, adequate control of diabetes mellitus is essential for preventing detrimental effects on bone health. Alternative fracture risk assessment tools may be needed to accurately determine fracture risk in patients living with diabetes mellitus. Currently, there is no conclusive model explaining the mechanism of action of diabetes mellitus on bone health, particularly in view of progenitor cells. In this review, the best available literature on the impact of diabetes mellitus on bone health in vitro and in vivo is summarised with an emphasis on future translational research opportunities in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna E Murray
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Dangan, Newcastle Road, Galway City, County Galway, H91W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Cynthia M Coleman
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Biomedical Sciences Building, Dangan, Newcastle Road, Galway City, County Galway, H91W2TY, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weber M, Ries J, Büttner-Herold M, Geppert CI, Kesting M, Wehrhan F. Differences in Inflammation and Bone Resorption between Apical Granulomas, Radicular Cysts, and Dentigerous Cysts. J Endod 2019; 45:1200-1208. [PMID: 31400944 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental cysts can be of inflammatory (radicular cysts) or noninflammatory (dentigerous cysts) origin. Apical periodontitis is a necrosis of the pulp and infection of the root canal causing the development of apical granulomas or radicular cysts. The immunology of granuloma and cyst formation is important because modern root filling materials are immunologically active and can contribute to the resolution of apical granulomas. In contrast, radicular cysts often require apicectomy. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis could be the basis for developing new root filling materials with superior immunomodulatory properties. METHODS Forty-one apical granulomas, 23 radicular cysts, and 23 dentigerous cysts were analyzed in this study. A tissue microarray of the 87 consecutive specimens was created, and human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR)-, CD83-, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand-, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF)-, galectin-3 (Gal3)-, CD4-, and CD8-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Tissue microarrays were digitized, and the expression of markers was quantitatively assessed. RESULTS HLA-DR, CD83, MCSF, and Gal3 expression was significantly (P < .05) higher in radicular cysts compared with apical granulomas. HLA-DR, CD83, MCSF, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, and Gal3 expression in dentigerous cysts was significantly (P < .05) lower than in both periapical lesions (apical granulomas and radicular cysts). CD4 and CD8 infiltration was not statistically different between apical granulomas and radicular cysts. Dentigerous cysts showed a significantly (P < .05) lower T-cell infiltration than apical periodontitis. The CD4/CD8 ratio was not significantly different between the analyzed groups. CONCLUSIONS The development of radicular cysts in apical periodontitis is associated with an increased expression of myeloid inflammatory markers and bone resorption parameters. Antigen-presenting cells and myeloid cells might be more relevant for the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis than T cells. Increased inflammation might promote the formation of radicular cysts and more pronounced bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol-Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Loss of Stromal Galectin-1 Enhances Multiple Myeloma Development: Emphasis on a Role in Osteoclasts. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020261. [PMID: 30813402 PMCID: PMC6406775 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma osteolytic disease is caused by an uncoupled bone-remodelling process with an increased osteoclast activity. Disease development relies on interactions between myeloma cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Recent findings suggest a role for glycan-binding proteins in myeloma microenvironment. Here, we investigated lectins involved in osteoclastogenesis and their role in myeloma bone disease. Microarray data analysis showed a lower expression of galectin-1 (gal-1) in mature osteoclasts compared to monocytic progenitor cells, confirmed at the RNA and protein levels in osteoclast cultures. Confocal microscopy showed that gal-1 localised predominantly in the sealing zone of mature osteoclasts. Although equal differentiated-osteoclast numbers, gal-1−/− osteoclasts showed a higher resorption activity compared to wild-type controls. Micro-computed tomography showed an aberrant bone phenotype with decreased bone densities in gal-1−/− mice. In vivo, tumour progression was faster in gal-1−/− mice and associated with a marked bone loss. Additionally, myeloma cells were found to decrease gal-1 expression in osteoclasts. Our results demonstrate that galectin-1 regulates osteoclast activity with an increased resorption by gal-1−/− osteoclasts and decreased bone densities in gal-1−/− mice. We observed an enhanced tumour development in gal-1−/− mice compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that galectin-1 has a functional role in stromal cells in myeloma microenvironment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tan KCB, Cheung CL, Lee ACH, Lam JKY, Wong Y, Shiu SWM. Galectin-3 and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3093. [PMID: 30378236 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent clinical studies have shown that galectin-3 is a prognostic indicator in patients with coronary heart disease and in patients with heart failure. Experimental data suggest that galectin-3 may play a role in atherogenesis. We have evaluated whether serum galectin-3 level is associated with cardiovascular outcome in type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Galectin-3 was measured in baseline samples in 1495 persons with type 2 diabetes. The primary cardiovascular outcome, incident cardiovascular events, was defined as first non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or death from cardiovascular cause. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS At baseline, 12% of the subjects had prevalent cardiovascular disease. Serum galectin-3 was increased in the group with incident cardiovascular events compared with those who remained free of events during follow up (9.03 ± 2.98 ng/mL vs 8.15 ± 2.76, P < 0.01). Serum galectin-3 was also significantly increased in those subjects with a fatal outcome. The hazard ratios (HR) for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality for individuals in the top quartile were 2.50 (95% CI 1.87, 3.36, P < 0.001) and 3.92 (95%CI 2.55, 6.01, P < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis including traditional risk factors, log (eGFR), baseline albuminuria, and cardiovascular disease status, the HR per standard deviation change in galectin-3 was 1.13 (95% CI 1.02, 1.26, P = 0.02) for cardiovascular events and 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.35, P = 0.04) for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Serum galectin-3 is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes independent of traditional risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan C H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joanne K Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sammy W M Shiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang L, Sun H, Liu S, Gao J, Xia J. Glycemic variability is associated with vascular calcification by the markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis, Wnt1, galectin-3 and BMP-2. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:67. [PMID: 31452690 PMCID: PMC6701112 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study identified whether glycemic variability (GV) was associated with vascular calcification and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Eighty-four consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with unstable angina (UA) were included from January 2018 to June 2018 to calculate calcification scores using computerized tomographic angiography (CTA), and the patients were divided into 2 groups: high calcification score group (HCS group) and low calcification score group (LCS group). Intergroup differences in GV were determined via comparisons of the standard deviation (SD) of blood glucose. Calcification staining, content measurement, apoptosis evaluation and Western blot analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis, Wnt1, galectin-3 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were compared in cell cultures from rat vascular smooth muscle cells in the different degrees of GV. RESULTS The SD increased significantly with the increases in calcification scores from human studies (HCS group 2.37 ± 0.82 vs. LCS group 1.87 ± 0.78, p = 0.007). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that increased SD and serum creatinine were independent predictors of calcification. The high GV group had a higher apoptotic rate, higher calcification content and higher expressions of glucose-regulated protein, caspase-3, Wnt1, galectin-3 and BMP-2 markers compared to the low GV group in the in vitro studies (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We report the novel finding that GV is associated with vascular calcification, and ER stress-related apoptosis, Wnt1, galectin-3 and BMP-2 may be involved in this regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Haichen Sun
- Surgical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Surgical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Jinhuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Jinggang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bartolazzi A. Galectins in Cancer and Translational Medicine: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102934. [PMID: 30261668 PMCID: PMC6213758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research Laboratory, St. Andrea University Hospital, via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.
- Ministry of Health-Lungotevere Ripa 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thomas L, Pasquini LA. Galectin-3-Mediated Glial Crosstalk Drives Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and (Re)myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:297. [PMID: 30258354 PMCID: PMC6143789 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is the only chimeric protein in the galectin family. Gal-3 structure comprises unusual tandem repeats of proline and glycine-rich short stretches bound to a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). The present review summarizes Gal-3 functions in the extracellular and intracellular space, its regulation and its internalization and secretion, with a focus on the current knowledge of Gal-3 role in central nervous system (CNS) health and disease, particularly oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation, myelination and remyelination in experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS). During myelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 promotes OLG differentiation by binding glycoconjugates present only on the cell surface of OLG precursor cells (OPC). During remyelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 favors an M2 microglial phenotype, hence fostering myelin debris phagocytosis through TREM-2b phagocytic receptor and OLG differentiation. Gal-3 is necessary for myelin integrity and function, as evidenced by myelin ultrastructural and behavioral studies from LGALS3-/- mice. Mechanistically, Gal-3 enhances actin assembly and reduces Erk 1/2 activation, leading to early OLG branching. Gal-3 later induces Akt activation and increases MBP expression, promoting gelsolin release and actin disassembly and thus regulating OLG final differentiation. Altogether, findings indicate that Gal-3 mediates the glial crosstalk driving OLG differentiation and (re)myelination and may be regarded as a target in the design of future therapies for a variety of demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thomas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Chemistry and Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Andrea Pasquini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Chemistry and Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Iacobini C, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Bedini R, Pecci R, Bartolazzi A, Amadio B, Pesce C, Pugliese G, Menini S. Galectin-3 is essential for proper bone cell differentiation and activity, bone remodeling and biomechanical competence in mice. Metabolism 2018; 83:149-158. [PMID: 29432728 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-3 is constitutively expressed in bone cells and was recently shown to modulate osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and atherosclerotic calcification. However, the role of galectin-3 in bone physiology is largely undefined. To address this issue, we analyzed (1) the skeletal features of 1-, 3- and 6-month-old galectin-3 null (Lgals3-/-) and wild type (WT) mice and (2) the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts derived from these animals. METHODS Long bone phenotype, gene expression profile, and remodeling were investigated by micro-computed tomography, real time-PCR, static and dynamic histomorphometry, and assessment of biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation. Bone competence was also evaluated by biomechanical testing at 3 months. In vitro, the effects of galectin-3 deficiency on bone cell differentiation and function were investigated by assessing (a) gene expression of osteoblast markers, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization assay, and WNT/β-catenin signaling (of which galectin-3 is a known regulator) in osteoblasts; and (b) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and bone resorption activity in osteoclasts. RESULTS Lgals3-/- mice revealed a wide range of age-dependent alterations including lower bone formation and higher bone resorption, accelerated age-dependent trabecular bone loss (p < 0.01 vs. WT at 3 months) and reduced bone strength (p < 0.01 vs. WT at 3 months). These abnormalities were accompanied by a steady inflammatory state, as revealed by higher bone expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.001 vs. WT at 3 months), increased content of osteal macrophages (p < 0.01 vs. WT at 3 months), and reduced expression of markers of alternative (M2) macrophage activation. Lgals3-/- osteoblasts and osteoclasts showed impaired terminal differentiation, reduced mineralization capacity (p < 0.01 vs. WT cells) and resorption activity (p < 0.01 vs. WT cells). Mechanistically, impaired differentiation and function of Lgals3-/- osteoblasts was associated with altered WNT/β-catenin signaling (p < 0.01 vs. WT cells). CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence for a contribution of galectin-3 to bone cell maturation and function, bone remodeling, and biomechanical competence, thus identifying galectin-3 as a promising therapeutic target for age-related disorders of bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Bedini
- National Centre of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pecci
- National Centre of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Laboratory of Surgical and Experimental Pathology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruno Amadio
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Pesce
- DINOGMI, University of Genoa Medical School, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|