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Yang C, Wu L, Jin X, Liu A, Jing Z, Feng C, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li F, Wen Z, Yan L, Yang Y, Ji X, Zhang Y. Decrease in GPSM2 mediated by the natural product luteolin contributes to colon adenocarcinoma treatment and increases the sensitivity to fluorouracil. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116847. [PMID: 38823277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a monomeric substance, is a natural product of the Brucea javanica (BJ) plant. Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection (BJOEI) is a proprietary Chinese medicine purified from BJ that is widely used clinically as an anti-tumor treatment. Although a growing body of research suggests that luteolin and BJOEI have anti-tumor effects, the molecular mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, through molecular docking technology, we found that luteolin can interact directly with GPSM2 and regulate the FoxO signaling pathway through GPSM2. In addition, the inhibitory effect of luteolin on colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells was found to be offset by knockdown of GPSM2. In contrast, the anti-proliferative effects of luteolin could be notably reversed by overexpression of GPSM2. The results reveal that GPSM2 is crucial in luteolin-mediated anti-proliferative effects. The mediation of anti-proliferative effects by GPSM2 has also been indirectly demonstrated in RKO and SW480 xenograft mice models. In addition, we verified that BJOEI inhibits the progression of COAD by mediating GPSM2 and regulating the FoxO signaling pathway. We also found that BJOEI achieved a better anti-tumor effect when combined with fluorouracil injection. Collectively, our data show that the anti-tumor effects of BJOEI and luteolin on COAD are GPSM2-dependent and downregulating the expression of GPSM2 to regulate the FoxO signaling pathway may be an effective way to treat COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Yang
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Aoran Liu
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuhan Feng
- Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengting Guo
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanju Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Fang Li
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wen
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong Yan
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Ji
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Thotamune W, Ubeysinghe S, Rajarathna C, Kankanamge D, Olupothage K, Chandu A, Copits BA, Karunarathne A. AGS3-based optogenetic GDI induces GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling and macrophage migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597473. [PMID: 38895415 PMCID: PMC11185739 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are efficient Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and exchange GDP to GTP on the Gα subunit of G protein heterotrimers in response to various extracellular stimuli, including neurotransmitters and light. GPCRs primarily broadcast signals through activated G proteins, GαGTP, and free Gβγ, and are major disease drivers. Evidence shows that the ambient low threshold signaling required for cells is likely supplemented by signaling regulators such as non-GPCR GEFs and Guanine nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors (GDIs). Activators of G protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) are recognized as a GDI involved in multiple health and disease-related processes. Nevertheless, understanding of AGS3 is limited, and no significant information is available on its structure-function relationship or signaling regulation in living cells. Here, we employed in silico structure-guided engineering of a novel optogenetic GDI, based on the AGS3's G protein regulatory (GPR) motif, to understand its GDI activity and induce standalone Gβγ signaling in living cells on optical command. Our results demonstrate that plasma membrane recruitment of OptoGDI efficiently releases Gβγ, and its subcellular targeting generated localized PIP3 and triggered macrophage migration. Therefore, we propose OptoGDI as a powerful tool for optically dissecting GDI-mediated signaling pathways and triggering GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Sithurandi Ubeysinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chathuri Rajarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Dinesh Kankanamge
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Koshala Olupothage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Aditya Chandu
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Bryan A. Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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3
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Huo H, Feng Y, Tang Q. Inhibition of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) decreased the malignant progression of lung cancer cells and increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:397-410. [PMID: 38172304 PMCID: PMC11043148 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to study the effect of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on the proliferation, invasion, and clone formation of lung cancer cells. It also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of melittin on PAR2 and the anti-lung cancer effect of melittin combined with gefitinib. METHODS The correlation between the co-expression of PAR2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was analyzed. PAR2 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells was knocked down using siRNA. MTT assay, Transwell assay, and colony formation assay were used to detect the effects of PAR2 on cell proliferation, invasion, and clone formation. The anti-cancer effect of PAR2 knockdown on gefitinib treatment was analyzed. The synergistic effect of melittin on gefitinib treatment by inhibiting PAR2 and the underlying molecular mechanism were further analyzed and tested. RESULTS The expression of PAR2 was upregulated in lung cancer, which was associated with the poor prognosis of lung cancer. PAR2 knockdown inhibited the stemness and EMT of lung cancer cells. It also inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Moreover, PAR2 knockdown increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gefitinib in lung cancer. Melittin inhibited PAR2 and the malignant progression of lung cancer cells. Melittin increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gefitinib in lung cancer by inhibiting PAR2. CONCLUSION PAR2 may promote the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of lung cancer cells by promoting EMT. Patients with a high expression of PAR2 have a poor prognosis. Inhibition of PAR2 increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gefitinib. PAR2 may be a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Huo
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.
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4
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Chen H, Wang X, Cheng H, Deng Y, Chen J, Wang B. CircRNA circRREB1 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer by activating Erk1/2 signaling through interacting with GNB4. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28785. [PMID: 38617926 PMCID: PMC11015410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Current investigations have illuminated the essential roles played by circular RNAs (circRNAs) in driving breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis. However, the functional implications and molecular underpinnings of most circRNAs in BC are not well characterized. Here, Circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles were analyzed in four surgically resected BC cases along with adjacent non-cancerous tissues applying RNA microarray analysis. The levels and prognostic implications of circRREB1 in BC were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Experimental manipulation of circRREB1 levels in both in vivo and in vitro settings further delineated its role in BC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. The mechanical verification of circRREB1's interaction with GNB4 was established through RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, Western blot analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation assays (RIP), fluorescence ISH (FISH), and rescue experiments. We found that circRREB1 exhibited significant upregulation in BC tissues and cells, implicating its association with an unfavorable prognosis in BC patients. CircRREB1 knockdown elicited anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-invasive, and pro-apoptotic effects in BC cells, whereas its upregulation exerted opposing influences. Follow-up mechanistic examinations suggested that circRREB1 might interact with GNB4 directly, inducing the activation of Erk1/2 signaling and driving BC progression. Our findings collectively indicate that the interplay of circRREB1 with GNB4 promotes Erk1/2 signaling, thereby fostering BC progression, and positioning circRREB1 as a candidate therapeutic target for intervention in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yumei Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing (Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University of Technology), Chongqing 400054, China
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5
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Jiang Y, Lu L. New insight into the agonism of protease-activated receptors as an immunotherapeutic strategy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105614. [PMID: 38159863 PMCID: PMC10810747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation and mobilization of immune cells play a crucial role in immunotherapy. Existing therapeutic interventions, such as cytokines administration, aim to enhance immune cell activity. However, these approaches usually result in modest effectiveness and toxic side effects, thereby restricting their clinical application. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, actively participate in the immune system by directly activating immune cells. The activation of PARs by proteases or synthetic ligands can modulate immune cell behavior, signaling, and responses to treat immune-related diseases, suggesting the significance of PARs agonism in immunotherapy. However, the agonism of PARs in therapeutical applications remains rarely discussed, since it has been traditionally considered that PARs activation facilitates disease progressions. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the activation, rather than inhibition, of PARs in immune-related physiological responses and diseases. Additionally, we will discuss the emerging immunotherapeutic potential of PARs agonism, providing a new strategic direction for PARs-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lei Lu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Chaim OM, Miki S, Prager BC, Ma J, Jeong AY, Lara J, Tran NK, Smith JM, Rich JN, Gutkind JS, Miyamoto S, Furnari FB, Brown JH. Gα12 signaling regulates transcriptional and phenotypic responses that promote glioblastoma tumor invasion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22412. [PMID: 38104152 PMCID: PMC10725435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In silico interrogation of glioblastoma (GBM) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed upregulation of GNA12 (Gα12), encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein G12, concomitant with overexpression of multiple G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal through Gα12. Glioma stem cell lines from patient-derived xenografts also showed elevated levels of Gα12. Knockdown (KD) of Gα12 was carried out in two different human GBM stem cell (GSC) lines. Tumors generated in vivo by orthotopic injection of Gα12KD GSC cells showed reduced invasiveness, without apparent changes in tumor size or survival relative to control GSC tumor-bearing mice. Transcriptional profiling of GSC-23 cell tumors revealed significant differences between WT and Gα12KD tumors including reduced expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix, as well as decreased expression of stem cell genes and increased expression of several proneural genes. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), one of the genes most repressed by Gα12 knockdown, was shown to be required for Gα12-mediated cell migration in vitro and for in vivo tumor invasion. Chemogenetic activation of GSC-23 cells harboring a Gα12-coupled DREADD also increased THBS1 expression and in vitro invasion. Collectively, our findings implicate Gα12 signaling in regulation of transcriptional reprogramming that promotes invasiveness, highlighting this as a potential signaling node for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meiri Chaim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Y Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Nancy K Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
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7
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Shah H, Hill TA, Lim J, Fairlie DP. Protease-activated receptor 2 attenuates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00791-6. [PMID: 37991681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major problem in cancer treatment. Doxorubicin (adriamycin) is an injectable DNA intercalating drug that halts cancer cell growth by inhibiting topoisomerase 2, but its long-term effectiveness is compromised by onset of resistance. This study demonstrates that expression of the PAR2 gene in human colon adenocarcinoma tissue samples was the highest among 32 different cancer types (n = 10,989), and higher in colon adenocarcinoma tissues (n = 331) than normal colon tissues (n = 308), revealing an association between PAR2 expression and human colon cancer. HT29 cells are a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line that is sensitive to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and also expresses PAR2. We find that PAR2 activation in HT29 cells, either by an endogenous protease agonist (trypsin) or an exogenous peptide agonist (2f-LIGRL-NH2), significantly reduces doxorubicin-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3/7 activity and cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Moreover, PAR2-mediated MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway induced by 2f-LIGRL-NH2 leads to upregulated anti-apoptotic MCL-1 and Bcl-xL proteins that promote cellular survival. These findings suggest that activation of PAR2 compromises efficacy of doxorubicin in colon cancer. Further support for this conclusion came from experiments with human colon cancer HT29 cells, either with the PAR2 gene deleted or in the presence of a pharmacological antagonist of PAR2, which showed full restoration of all doxorubicin-mediated effects. Together, these findings reveal a strong link between PAR2 activation and signalling in human colon cancer cells and increased survival against doxorubicin-induced cell death. They support PAR2 antagonism as a possible new strategy for enhancing doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Shah
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hill
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - David P Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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8
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Fu X, Wu Y, Wang R, Zhao M, Mao C, Shi S. Interplay between G protein-coupled receptors and nanotechnology. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:1-18. [PMID: 37517621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of membrane receptors, actively modulate plasma membrane and endosomal signalling. Importantly, GPCRs are naturally nanosized, and spontaneously formed nanoaggregates of GPCRs (natural nano-GPCRs) may enhance GPCR-related signalling and functions. Although GPCRs are the molecular targets of the majority of marketed drugs, the poor pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of GPCR ligands greatly limit their clinical applicability. Nanotechnology, as versatile techniques, can encapsulate GPCR ligands to assemble synthetic nano-GPCRs to overcome their obstacles, robustly elevating drug efficacy and safety. Moreover, endosomal delivery of GPCR ligands by nanoparticles can precisely initiate sustained endosomal signal transduction, while nanotechnology has been widely utilized for isolation, diagnosis, and detection of GPCRs. In turn, due to overexpression of GPCRs on the surface of various types of cells, GPCR ligands can endow nanoparticles with active targeting capacity for specific cells via ligand-receptor binding and mediate receptor-dependent endocytosis of nanoparticles. This significantly enhances the potency of nanoparticle delivery systems. Therefore, emerging evidence has revealed the interplay between GPCRs and nanoparticles, although investigations into their relationship have been inadequate. This review aims to summarize the interaction between GPCRs and nanotechnology for understanding their mutual influences and utilizing their interplay for biomedical applications. It will provide a fundamental platform for developing powerful and safe GPCR-targeted drugs and nanoparticle systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: GPCRs as molecular targets for the majority of marketed drugs are naturally nanosized, and even spontaneously form nano aggregations (nano-GPCRs). Nanotechnology has also been applied to construct synthetic nano-GPCRs or detect GPCRs, while endosomal delivery of GPCR ligands by nanoparticles can magnify endosomal signalling. Meanwhile, molecular engineering of nanoparticles with GPCRs or their ligands can modulate membrane binding and endocytosis, powerfully improving the efficacy of nanoparticle system. However, there are rare summaries on the interaction between GPCRs and nanoparticles. This review will not only provide a versatile platform for utilizing nanoparticles to modulate or detect GPCRs, but also facilitate better understanding of the designated value of GPCRs for molecular engineering of biomaterials with GPCRs in therapeutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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9
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Ma L, Zhang S, Liang Q, Huang W, Wang H, Pan E, Xu P, Zhang S, Tao F, Tang J, Qing R. CrMP-Sol database: classification, bioinformatic analyses and comparison of cancer-related membrane proteins and their water-soluble variant designs. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:360. [PMID: 37743473 PMCID: PMC10518928 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are critical mediators for tumor progression and present enormous therapeutic potentials. Although gene profiling can identify their cancer-specific signatures, systematic correlations between protein functions and tumor-related mechanisms are still unclear. We present here the CrMP-Sol database ( https://bio-gateway.aigene.org.cn/g/CrMP ), which aims to breach the gap between the two. Machine learning was used to extract key functional descriptions for protein visualization in the 3D-space, where spatial distributions provide function-based predictive connections between proteins and cancer types. CrMP-Sol also presents QTY-enabled water-soluble designs to facilitate native membrane protein studies despite natural hydrophobicity. Five examples with varying transmembrane helices in different categories were used to demonstrate the feasibility. Native and redesigned proteins exhibited highly similar characteristics, predicted structures and binding pockets, and slightly different docking poses against known ligands, although task-specific designs are still required for proteins more susceptible to internal hydrogen bond formations. The database can accelerate therapeutic developments and biotechnological applications of cancer-related membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Emily Pan
- The Lawrenceville School, 2500 Main Street, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jin Tang
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rui Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Fujita Y, Fukuda Y, Sanuki F, Irei I, Monobe Y, Uno M, Akisada T, Shimoya K, Hara H, Moriya T. Protease-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) Expression Contributes to HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Prognosis. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:658-672. [PMID: 37486532 PMCID: PMC10514014 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer occasionally has a poor prognosis, making prognostic risk stratification crucial. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is involved in carcinogenesis, and its expression is regulated by alpha-arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (ARRDC3). It is also involved in the tumor microenvironment. We sought to evaluate the predictive ability of PAR1, ARRDC3, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) scores in patients with oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and uterine cervical cancers, serving as comparators for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of p16, ARRDC3, and PAR1 expression was performed on 79 oropharyngeal, 44 hypopharyngeal, and 42 uterine cervical cancer samples. The TIL scores were assessed and classified into the following groups based on invasion: low: 0-10%, medium: 20-40%, and high: > 50%. For prognostic analysis, the three groups were evaluated by dividing them into low, medium, and high categories, or alternatively into two groups using the median value as the cutoff. RESULTS p16 was expressed in 44 (56%) oropharyngeal, 8 (18%) hypopharyngeal, and all uterine cervical cancer samples. ARRDC3 was detected in 39 (49%) oropharyngeal, 25 (57%) hypopharyngeal, and 23 (55%) uterine cervical cancer samples. PAR1 was expressed in 45 (57%) oropharyngeal, 22 (50%) hypopharyngeal, and 22 (50%) uterine cervical cancer samples. Patients diagnosed with p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer had a substantially improved prognosis compared to those diagnosed with p16-negative cancer. The PAR1-negative cases had a considerably improved prognosis compared to the positive cases (disease-specific survival [DSS] and -negative cases (disease-free survival [DFS]). Multivariate analysis revealed that ARRDC3-positive cases had an appreciably better DSS prognosis than patients with p16-negative oropharyngeal cancers. PAR1-positive patients among patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer had a poor prognosis. With respect to DFS, patients with PAR1-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer had a 35-fold higher recurrence rate than those with PAR1-negative and p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PAR1 expression affects the prognosis and recurrence rate of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujita
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical University, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yujiro Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sanuki
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical University, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Isao Irei
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical University, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Monobe
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical University, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masako Uno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akisada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimoya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Moriya
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical University, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
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11
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Bogen KT. Ultrasensitive dose-response for asbestos cancer risk implied by new inflammation-mutation model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 230:115047. [PMID: 36965808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in complex cellular phenotype each typically involve multistep activation of an ultrasensitive molecular switch (e.g., to adaptively initiate an apoptosis, inflammasome, Nrf2-ARE anti-oxidant, or heat-shock activation pathway) that triggers expression of a suite of target genes while efficiently limiting false-positive switching from a baseline state. Such switches exhibit nonlinear signal-activation relationships. In contrast, a linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-response relationship is expected for damage that accumulates in proportion to dose, as hypothesized for increased risk of cancer in relation to genotoxic dose according to the multistage somatic mutation/clonal-expansion theory of cancer, e.g., as represented in the Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudsen (MVK) cancer model by a doubly stochastic nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Mesothelioma and lung cancer induced by exposure to carcinogenic (e.g., certain asbestos) fibers in humans and experimental animals are thought to involve modes of action driven by mutations, cytotoxicity-associated inflammation, or both, rendering ambiguous expectations concerning the nature of model-implied shape of the low-dose response for above-background increase in risk of incurring these endpoints. A recent Inflammation Somatic Mutation (ISM) theory of cancer posits instead that tissue-damage-associated inflammation that epigenetically recruits, activates and orchestrates stem cells to engage in tissue repair does not merely promote cancer, but rather is a requisite co-initiator (acting together with as few as two somatic mutations) of the most efficient pathway to any type of cancer in any reparable tissue (Dose-Response 2019; 17(2):1-12). This theory is reviewed, implications of this theory are discussed in relation to mesothelioma and lung cancer associated with chronic asbestos inhalation, one of the two types of ISM-required mutations is here hypothesized to block or impede inflammation resolution (e.g., by doing so for GPCR-mediated signal transduction by one or more endogenous autacoid specialized pro-resolving mediators or SPMs), and supporting evidence for this hypothesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Bogen
- 9832 Darcy Forest Drive, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, United States.
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12
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Kim D, Jeong J, Choi J. Exploring the potential of ToxCast™ data for mechanism-based prioritization of chemicals in regulatory context: Case study with priority existing chemicals (PECs) under K-REACH. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105439. [PMID: 37392832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of ToxCast™ database to mechanism-based prioritization of chemicals. To explore the applicability of ToxCast data in the context of regulatory inventory chemicals, we screened 510 priority existing chemicals (PECs) regulated under the Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemical Substances (K-REACH) using ToxCast bioassays. In our analysis, a hit-call data matrix containing 298984 chemical-gene interactions was computed for 949 bioassays with the intended target genes, which enabled the identification of the putative toxicity mechanisms. Based on the reactivity to the chemicals, we analyzed 412 bioassays whose intended target gene families were cytochrome P450, oxidoreductase, transporter, nuclear receptor, steroid hormone, and DNA-binding. We also identified 141 chemicals based on their reactivity in the bioassays. These chemicals are mainly in consumer products including colorants, preservatives, air fresheners, and detergents. Our analysis revealed that in vitro bioactivities were involved in the relevant mechanisms inducing in vivo toxicity; however, this was not sufficient to predict more hazardous chemicals. Overall, the current results point to a potential and limitation in using ToxCast data for chemical prioritization in regulatory context in the absence of suitable in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeon Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Promising Perspectives of the Antiproliferative GPER Inverse Agonist ERα17p in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040653. [PMID: 36831322 PMCID: PMC9954065 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) corresponds to a large platform in charge of the recruitment of a panel of molecules, including steroids and related heterocyclic derivatives, oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins. Its 295-311 region is particularly targeted by post-translational modifications, suggesting that it could be crucial for the control of transcription. In addition to anionic phospholipids, the ERα 295-311 fragment interacts with Ca2+-calmodulin, the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), ERα and possibly importins. More recently, we have demonstrated that it is prone to interacting with the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In light of these observations, the pharmacological profile of the corresponding peptide, namely ERα17p, has been explored in breast cancer cells. Remarkably, it exerts apoptosis through GPER and induces a significant decrease (more than 50%) of the size of triple-negative breast tumor xenografts in mice. Herein, we highlight not only the promising therapeutic perspectives in the use of the first peptidic GPER modulator ERα17p, but also the opportunity to modulate GPER for clinical purposes.
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14
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Roy A. Advances in the molecular level understanding of G-protein coupled receptor. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:1-13. [PMID: 36813353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent largest family of plasma membrane-bound receptor proteins that are involved in numerous cellular and physiological functions. Many extracellular stimuli such as hormones, lipids and chemokines activate these receptors. Aberrant expression and genetic alteration in GPCR are associated with many human diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. GPCRs have emerged as potential therapeutic target and numerous drugs are either approved by FDA or under clinical trial. This chapter provides an update on GPCR research and its significance as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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15
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Pan-cancer functional analysis of somatic mutations in G protein-coupled receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21534. [PMID: 36513718 PMCID: PMC9747925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequently exploited drug target family, moreover they are often found mutated in cancer. Here we used a dataset of mutations found in patient samples derived from the Genomic Data Commons and compared it to the natural human variance as exemplified by data from the 1000 genomes project. We explored cancer-related mutation patterns in all GPCR classes combined and individually. While the location of the mutations across the protein domains did not differ significantly in the two datasets, a mutation enrichment in cancer patients was observed among class-specific conserved motifs in GPCRs such as the Class A "DRY" motif. A Two-Entropy Analysis confirmed the correlation between residue conservation and cancer-related mutation frequency. We subsequently created a ranking of high scoring GPCRs, using a multi-objective approach (Pareto Front Ranking). Our approach was confirmed by re-discovery of established cancer targets such as the LPA and mGlu receptor families, but also discovered novel GPCRs which had not been linked to cancer before such as the P2Y Receptor 10 (P2RY10). Overall, this study presents a list of GPCRs that are amenable to experimental follow up to elucidate their role in cancer.
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16
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Lv M, Li X, Tian W, Yang H, Zhou B. ADGRD1 as a Potential Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5699892. [PMID: 36457341 PMCID: PMC9708333 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5699892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
ADGRD1 (GPR133), an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has been linked to cancer. However, the prognostic value and regulatory function within non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. This work adopted various bioinformatics methods, including publicly available databases as well as real-time PCR (RT-PCR), for detecting ADGRD1 expression level and investigating the correlation between ADGRD1 expression level and prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune infiltrating cells, immune-related genes, and targeted regulation mechanisms in NSCLC. According to the results, ADGRD1 expression decreased within NSCLC, which might be the factor predicting prognosis of NSCLC. Meanwhile, ADGRD1 showed significant correlation with TMB and MSI, respectively, as well as immune cell infiltrating levels in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which were primarily linked to macrophage M1, mast cell resting, T cell CD4 memory activated, and T cell CD4 memory resting and were associated with mast cell activated and mast cell resting in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The most promising upstream regulation pathways of ADGRD1 were likely miR-142-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-17-5p, which were overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC. ADGRD1 and immune-related genes correlated with ADGRD1 were shown to be enriched in "positive regulation of leukocyte activation," "external side of plasma membrane," "receptor ligand activity," and "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" pathways. ADGRD1 expression and regulation may be critical in determining NSCLC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwen Lv
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, China
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17
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Kasavi C. Gene co-expression network analysis revealed novel biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:971845. [PMID: 36338962 PMCID: PMC9627302 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer and remains the leading cause of death of all gynecologic oncologic disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, and the identification of effective and predictive biomarkers are invaluable for the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies. In the present study, a differential co-expression network analysis was performed via meta-analysis of three transcriptome datasets of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma to identify novel candidate biomarker signatures, i.e. genes and miRNAs. We identified 439 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and reconstructed differential co-expression networks using common DEGs and considering two conditions, i.e. healthy ovarian surface epithelia samples and serous ovarian adenocarcinoma epithelia samples. The modular analyses of the constructed networks indicated a co-expressed gene module consisting of 17 genes. A total of 11 biomarker candidates were determined through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of gene expression of module genes, and miRNAs targeting these genes were identified. As a result, six genes (CDT1, CNIH4, CRLS1, LIMCH1, POC1A, and SNX13), and two miRNAs (mir-147a, and mir-103a-3p) were suggested as novel candidate prognostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Further experimental and clinical validation of the proposed biomarkers could help future development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Kasavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Chaves-Almagro C, Auriau J, Dortignac A, Clerc P, Lulka H, Deleruyelle S, Projetti F, Nakhlé J, Frances A, Berta J, Gigoux V, Fourmy D, Dufresne M, Gomez-Brouchet A, Guillermet-Guibert J, Cordelier P, Knibiehler B, Jockers R, Valet P, Audigier Y, Masri B. Upregulated Apelin Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Activates Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Promote Tumor Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810600. [PMID: 36142542 PMCID: PMC9503500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of effort in understanding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), there is still a lack of innovative targeted therapies for this devastating disease. Herein, we report the expression of apelin and its receptor, APJ, in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its protumoral function. Apelin and APJ protein expression in tumor tissues from patients with PDAC and their spatiotemporal pattern of expression in engineered mouse models of PDAC were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Apelin signaling function in tumor cells was characterized in pancreatic tumor cell lines by Western blot as well as proliferation, migration assays and in murine orthotopic xenograft experiments. In premalignant lesions, apelin was expressed in epithelial lesions whereas APJ was found in isolated cells tightly attached to premalignant lesions. However, in the invasive stage, apelin and APJ were co-expressed by tumor cells. In human tumor cells, apelin induced a long-lasting activation of PI3K/Akt, upregulated β-catenin and the oncogenes c-myc and cyclin D1 and promoted proliferation, migration and glucose uptake. Apelin receptor blockades reduced cancer cell proliferation along with a reduction in pancreatic tumor burden. These findings identify the apelin signaling pathway as a new actor for PDAC development and a novel therapeutic target for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carline Chaves-Almagro
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Johanna Auriau
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Alizée Dortignac
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Clerc
- INSERM ERL1226, CNRS UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Hubert Lulka
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Deleruyelle
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jessica Nakhlé
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Frances
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Judit Berta
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Véronique Gigoux
- INSERM ERL1226, CNRS UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Fourmy
- INSERM ERL1226, CNRS UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Dufresne
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Knibiehler
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
- RESTORE, UMR 1301-Inserm 5070-CNRS EFS, Université de Toulouse, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Audigier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Masri
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse III, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-40-51-64-87
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Aamna B, Kumar Dan A, Sahu R, Behera SK, Parida S. Deciphering the signaling mechanisms of β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 in regulation of cancer cell cycle and metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3717-3733. [PMID: 35908197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
β-Arrestins are ubiquitously expressed intracellular proteins with many functions which interact directly and indirectly with a wide number of cellular partners and mediate downstream signaling. Originally, β-arrestins were identified for their contribution to GPCR desensitization to agonist-mediated activation, followed by receptor endocytosis and ubiquitylation. However, current investigations have now recognized that in addition to GPCR arresting (hence the name arrestin). β-Arrestins are adaptor proteins that control the recruitment, activation, and scaffolding of numerous cytoplasmic signaling complexes and assist in G-protein receptor signaling, thus bringing them into close proximity. They have participated in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and transcription via canonical and noncanonical pathways. Despite their significant recognition in several physiological processes, these activities are also involved in the onset and progression of various cancers. This review delivers a concise overview of the role of β-arrestins with a primary emphasis on the signaling processes which underlie the mechanism of β-arrestins in the onset of cancer. Understanding these processes has important implications for understanding the therapeutic intervention and treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari Aamna
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aritra Kumar Dan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Raghaba Sahu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sagarika Parida
- Department of Botany, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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20
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Lyu S, Zhang X, Tu Z, Zhou H, Ke X, Qu Y. GPR108 is Required for Gambogic Acid Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling in Cancer. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106279. [PMID: 35659621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GPCRs are the most potential targets for drug discovery, however, their role in oncology is underappreciated and GPCR-based anti-cancer drug is not fully investigated. Herein, we identified GPR108, a GPCR protein described in innate immune system, is a potential therapeutic target of cancer. Depletion of GPR108 dramatically inhibited the survival of various cancers. Notably, TNFα activation of NF-κB was totally impaired after GPR108 knockout. We identified gambogic acid (GA), a natural prenylated xanthone, selectively targeting GPR108. Importantly, GA engaged with GPR108 and promoted its degradation, knockout of GPR108 remarkably blocked GA inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that GA was dependent on GPR108 to exert anti-cancer activity. Overall, our findings supported GPR108 as a promising therapeutic target of cancer, and provided a small molecule inhibitor GA directly and selectively targeting GPR108 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lyu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University. No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University. No. 69 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wedegaertner H, Pan WA, Gonzalez CC, Gonzalez DJ, Trejo J. The α-Arrestin ARRDC3 Is an Emerging Multifunctional Adaptor Protein in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1066-1079. [PMID: 34465145 PMCID: PMC9127825 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Adaptor proteins control the spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular signaling. Dysregulation of adaptor protein function can cause aberrant cell signaling and promote cancer. The arrestin family of adaptor proteins are known to regulate signaling by the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GPCRs are highly druggable and implicated in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for arrestin dysregulation and the impact on GPCR function in cancer have yet to be fully elucidated. Recent Advances: A new family of mammalian arrestins, termed the α-arrestins, was recently discovered. The α-arrestin, arrestin domain-containing protein 3 (ARRDC3), in particular, has been identified as a tumor suppressor and is reported to control cellular signaling of GPCRs in cancer. Critical Issues: Compared with the extensively studied mammalian β-arrestins, there is limited information regarding the regulatory mechanisms that control α-arrestin activation and function. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate ARRDC3, which include post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. We also provide evidence that ARRDC3 can interact with a wide array of proteins that control diverse biological functions. Future Directions: ARRDC3 interacts with numerous proteins and is likely to display diverse functions in cancer, metabolic disease, and other syndromes. Thus, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ARRDC3 activity in various cellular contexts is critically important. Recent studies suggest that α-arrestins may be regulated through post-translational modification, which is known to impact adaptor protein function. However, additional studies are needed to determine how these regulatory mechanisms affect ARRDC3 tumor suppressor function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1066-1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wedegaertner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wen-An Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carlos C Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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22
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Jayathirtha M, Neagu AN, Whitham D, Alwine S, Darie CC. Investigation of the effects of overexpression of jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) protein in MCF7 cells for potential use as a biomarker in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1784-1823. [PMID: 35530281 PMCID: PMC9077082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene acts as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in different malignancies, including breast cancer (BC), where it was reported as overexpressed. However, the molecular functions, biological processes and underlying mechanisms through which JTB protein causes increased cell growth, proliferation and invasion is still not fully deciphered. Our goal is to identify the functions of JTB protein by cellular proteomics approaches. MCF7 breast cancer cells were transfected with sense orientation of hJTB cDNA in HA, His and FLAG tagged CMV expression vector to overexpress hJTB and the expression levels were confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Proteins extracted from transfected cells were separated by SDS-PAGE and the in-gel digested peptides were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). By comparing the proteome of cells with upregulated conditions of JTB vs control and identifying the protein dysregulation patterns, we aim to understand the function of this protein and its contribution to tumorigenesis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) algorithm was performed to investigate the biological processes and pathways that are associated with the JTB protein upregulation. The results demonstrated four significantly enriched gene sets from the following significantly upregulated pathways: mitotic spindle assembly, estrogen response late, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and estrogen response early. JTB protein itself is involved in mitotic spindle pathway by its role in cell division/cytokinesis, and within estrogen response early and late pathways, contributing to discrimination between luminal and mesenchymal breast cancer. Thus, the overexpressed JTB condition was significantly associated with an increased expression of ACTNs, FLNA, FLNB, EZR, MYOF, COL3A1, COL11A1, HSPA1A, HSP90A, WDR, EPPK1, FASN and FOXA1 proteins related to deregulation of cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis, mitotic spindle organization, ECM remodeling, cellular response to estrogen, proliferation, migration, metastasis, increased lipid biogenesis, endocrine therapy resistance, antiapoptosis and discrimination between different breast cancer subtypes. Other upregulated proteins for overexpressed JTB condition are involved in multiple cellular functions and pathways that become dysregulated, such as tumor microenvironment (TME) acidification, the transmembrane transport pathways, glycolytic flux, iron metabolism and oxidative stress, metabolic reprogramming, nucleocytosolic mRNA transport, transcriptional activation, chromatin remodeling, modulation of cell death pathways, stress responsive pathways, and cancer drug resistance. The downregulated proteins for overexpressed JTB condition are involved in adaptive communication between external and internal environment of cells and maintenance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, vesicle trafficking and secretion, DNA lesions repair and suppression of genes involved in tumor progression, proteostasis, redox state regulation, biosynthesis of macromolecules, lipolytic pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, dysregulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation system, cancer cell immune escape, cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions, and cytoskeletal behaviour. There were no significantly enriched downregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IasiCarol I Bvd. No. 22, Iasi 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Shelby Alwine
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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23
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Computing microRNA-gene interaction networks in pan-cancer using miRDriver. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3717. [PMID: 35260634 PMCID: PMC8904490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA copy number aberrated regions in cancer are known to harbor cancer driver genes and the short non-coding RNA molecules, i.e., microRNAs. In this study, we integrated the multi-omics datasets such as copy number aberration, DNA methylation, gene and microRNA expression to identify the signature microRNA-gene associations from frequently aberrated DNA regions across pan-cancer utilizing a LASSO-based regression approach. We studied 7294 patient samples associated with eighteen different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified several cancer-specific and common microRNA-gene interactions enriched in experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions. We highlighted several oncogenic and tumor suppressor microRNAs that were cancer-specific and common in several cancer types. Our method substantially outperformed the five state-of-art methods in selecting significantly known microRNA-gene interactions in multiple cancer types. Several microRNAs and genes were found to be associated with tumor survival and progression. Selected target genes were found to be significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways, cancer hallmark and Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Furthermore, subtype-specific potential gene signatures were discovered in multiple cancer types.
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24
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Mansoor S, Kayık G, Durdagi S, Sensoy O. Mechanistic insight into the impact of a bivalent ligand on the structure and dynamics of a GPCR oligomer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:925-936. [PMID: 35242285 PMCID: PMC8861583 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalent ligand; modulates conformational preferences of and correlations among microswitches, strengthens interaction between G protein and the receptor and also water channel formation.
Development of effective bivalent ligands has become the focus of intensive research toward modulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomers, particularly in the field of GPCR pharmacology. Experimental studies have shown that they increased binding affinity and signaling potency compared to their monovalent counterparts, yet underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. To address this, we performed accelerated molecular dynamics simulations on bivalent-ligand bound Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) dimer in the context of a modeled tetramer, which consists of A2AR and dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) homodimers and their cognate G proteins. Our results demonstrate that bivalent ligand impacted interactions between pharmacophore groups and ligand binding residues, thus modulating allosteric communication network and water channel formed within the receptor. Moreover, it also strengthens contacts between receptor and G protein, by modulating the volume of ligand binding pocket and intracellular domain of the receptor. Importantly, we showed that impact evoked by the bivalent ligand on A2AR dimer was also transmitted to apo D2R, which is part of the neighboring D2R dimer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a mechanistic insight into the impact of a bivalent ligand on dynamics of a GPCR oligomer. Consequently, this will pave the way for development of effective ligands for modulation of GPCR oligomers and hence treatment of crucial diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samman Mansoor
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Gülru Kayık
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Sensoy
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciencesand Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey
- Corresponding author at: Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciencesand Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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An Insight into GPCR and G-Proteins as Cancer Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123288. [PMID: 34943797 PMCID: PMC8699078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface signaling receptors known to play a crucial role in various physiological functions, including tumor growth and metastasis. Various molecules such as hormones, lipids, peptides, and neurotransmitters activate GPCRs that enable the coupling of these receptors to highly specialized transducer proteins, called G-proteins, and initiate multiple signaling pathways. Integration of these intricate networks of signaling cascades leads to numerous biochemical responses involved in diverse pathophysiological activities, including cancer development. While several studies indicate the role of GPCRs in controlling various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, and metastasis through its aberrant overexpression, mutations, or increased release of agonists, the explicit mechanisms of the involvement of GPCRs in cancer progression is still puzzling. This review provides an insight into the various responses mediated by GPCRs in the development of cancers, the molecular mechanisms involved and the novel pharmacological approaches currently preferred for the treatment of cancer. Thus, these findings extend the knowledge of GPCRs in cancer cells and help in the identification of therapeutics for cancer patients.
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26
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Lee JYL, Ekambaram P, Carleton NM, Hu D, Klei LR, Cai Z, Myers MI, Hubel NE, Covic L, Agnihotri S, Krappmann D, Bornancin F, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, McAllister-Lucas L, Lucas PC. MALT1 is a Targetable Driver of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Claudin-low, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:373-386. [PMID: 34753803 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MALT1 is the effector protein of the CARMA/Bcl10/MALT1 (CBM) signalosome, a multi-protein complex that drives pro-inflammatory signaling pathways downstream of a diverse set of receptors. While CBM activity is best known for its role in immune cells, emerging evidence suggests that it plays a key role in the pathogenesis of solid tumors, where it can be activated by selected G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of GPCRs implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis, specifically the receptors for Angiotensin II and thrombin (AT1R and PAR1), drove a strong epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in breast cancer cells that is characteristic of claudin-low, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In concert, MALT1 was activated in these cells and contributed to the dramatic EMT phenotypic changes through regulation of master EMT transcription factors including Snail and ZEB1. Importantly, blocking MALT1 signaling, through either siRNA-mediated depletion of MALT1 protein or pharmacologic inhibition of its activity, was effective at partially reversing the molecular and phenotypic indicators of EMT. Treatment of mice with mepazine, a pharmacologic MALT1 inhibitor, reduced growth of PAR1+, MDA-MB-231 xenografts and had an even more dramatic effect in reducing the burden of metastatic disease. These findings highlight MALT1 as an attractive therapeutic target for claudin-low TNBCs harboring overexpression of one or more selected GPCRs. Implications: This study nominates a GPCR/MALT1 signaling axis as a pathway that can be pharmaceutically targeted to abrogate EMT and metastatic progression in TNBC, an aggressive form of breast cancer that currently lacks targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Hu
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Zongyou Cai
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Max I Myers
- Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - Lidija Covic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Children's Hospital, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration - Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
| | - Frederic Bornancin
- Autoimmunity Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Peter C Lucas
- Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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27
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Sagara A, Nakata K, Matsumoto S, Guan W, Shinkawa T, Iwamoto C, Ikenaga N, Ohuchida K, Nakamura M. Repositioning of duloxetine to target pancreatic stellate cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:744. [PMID: 34466156 PMCID: PMC8387862 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) are surrounded by an abundant stroma, which is produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). PSCs promote tumor cell proliferation and invasion. The objective of the current study was to identify compounds that suppress PSC activation. Gene expression profiles of cancer-derived fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts were used, and the pathway analysis suggested altered pathways that were chosen for validation. It was found that the ‘neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction’ pathway from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was one of the altered pathways. Several compounds related with this pathway were chosen, and changes in PSC activity were investigated using fluorescence staining of lipid droplets, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, and invasion and migration assays. Among these candidates, duloxetine, a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, was found to suppress PSC activation and disrupt tumor-stromal interaction. Thus, duloxetine may be a potential drug for suppressing PSC activation and pancreatic cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sokichi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Weiyu Guan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Shinkawa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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28
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Sigismund S, Lanzetti L, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:625-643. [PMID: 34075221 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially modified in recent years by discoveries that endocytosis and subsequent trafficking routes have a profound impact on the positive regulation and propagation of signals, being key for the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transmission in cells. Accordingly, endocytosis and membrane trafficking regulate virtually every aspect of cell physiology and are frequently subverted in pathological conditions. Two key aspects of endocytic control over signalling are coming into focus: context-dependency and long-range effects. First, endocytic-regulated outputs are not stereotyped but heavily dependent on the cell-specific regulation of endocytic networks. Second, endocytic regulation has an impact not only on individual cells but also on the behaviour of cellular collectives. Herein, we will discuss recent advancements in these areas, highlighting how endocytic trafficking impacts complex cell properties, including cell polarity and collective cell migration, and the relevance of these mechanisms to disease, in particular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Comprehensive molecular profiling of UV-induced metastatic melanoma in Nme1/Nme2-deficient mice reveals novel markers of survival in human patients. Oncogene 2021; 40:6329-6342. [PMID: 34433909 PMCID: PMC8595820 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor-overexpressing mice that harbor a deletion of the Ink4a/p16 locus (HP mice) form melanomas with low metastatic potential in response to UV irradiation. Here we report that these tumors become highly metastatic following hemizygous deletion of the Nme1 and Nme2 metastasis suppressor genes (HPN mice). Whole genome sequencing of melanomas from HPN mice revealed a striking increase in lung metastatic activity that is associated with missense mutations in eight signature genes (Arhgap35, Atp8b4, Brca1, Ift172, Kif21b, Nckap5, Pcdha2 and Zfp869). RNA-seq analysis of transcriptomes from HP and HPN primary melanomas identified a 32-gene signature (HPN lung metastasis signature) for which decreased expression is strongly associated with lung metastatic potential. Analysis of transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed expression profiles of these genes that predict improved survival of patients with cutaneous or uveal melanoma. Silencing of three representative HPN lung metastasis signature genes (ARRDC3, NYNRIN, RND3) in human melanoma cells resulted in increased invasive activity, consistent with roles for these genes as mediators of the metastasis suppressor function of NME1 and NME2. In conclusion, our studies have identified a family of genes that mediate suppression of melanoma lung metastasis, and which may serve as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for clinical management of metastatic melanoma.
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30
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Giubilaro J, Schuetz DA, Stepniewski TM, Namkung Y, Khoury E, Lara-Márquez M, Campbell S, Beautrait A, Armando S, Radresa O, Duchaine J, Lamarche-Vane N, Claing A, Selent J, Bouvier M, Marinier A, Laporte SA. Discovery of a dual Ras and ARF6 inhibitor from a GPCR endocytosis screen. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4688. [PMID: 34344896 PMCID: PMC8333425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization and intracellular trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in cell responsiveness. Dysregulation in receptor trafficking can lead to aberrant signaling and cell behavior. Here, using an endosomal BRET-based assay in a high-throughput screen with the prototypical GPCR angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), we sought to identify receptor trafficking inhibitors from a library of ~115,000 small molecules. We identified a novel dual Ras and ARF6 inhibitor, which we named Rasarfin, that blocks agonist-mediated internalization of AT1R and other GPCRs. Rasarfin also potently inhibits agonist-induced ERK1/2 signaling by GPCRs, and MAPK and Akt signaling by EGFR, as well as prevents cancer cell proliferation. In silico modeling and in vitro studies reveal a unique binding modality of Rasarfin within the SOS-binding domain of Ras. Our findings unveil a class of dual small G protein inhibitors for receptor trafficking and signaling, useful for the inhibition of oncogenic cellular responses. While Ras is a promising target for cancer therapy, development of inhibitors targeting Ras signaling has proven challenging. Here, the authors report the discovery of Rasarfin, a small molecule from a phenotypic screen on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) endocytosis that acts as a dual Ras and ARF6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Giubilaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Doris A Schuetz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomasz M Stepniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu, Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,InterAx Biotech AG, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Khoury
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mónica Lara-Márquez
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shirley Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Beautrait
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Schrödinger, Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Sylvain Armando
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Radresa
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Duchaine
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Claing
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences of Pompeu, Fabra University (UPF)-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marinier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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31
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Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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Jung SR, Jiang Y, Seo JB, Chiu DT, Hille B, Koh DS. β-arrestin-dependent PI(4,5)P 2 synthesis boosts GPCR endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011023118. [PMID: 33879605 PMCID: PMC8092559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011023118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins regulate many cellular functions including intracellular signaling and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Previous studies show that β-arrestin signaling and receptor endocytosis are modulated by the plasma membrane phosphoinositide lipid phosphatidylinositol-(4, 5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). We found that β-arrestin also helped promote synthesis of PI(4,5)P2 and up-regulated GPCR endocytosis. We studied these questions with the Gq-coupled protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which activates phospholipase C, desensitizes quickly, and undergoes extensive endocytosis. Phosphoinositides were monitored and controlled in live cells using lipid-specific fluorescent probes and genetic tools. Applying PAR2 agonist initiated depletion of PI(4,5)P2, which then recovered during rapid receptor desensitization, giving way to endocytosis. This endocytosis could be reduced by various manipulations that depleted phosphoinositides again right after phosphoinositide recovery: PI(4)P, a precusor of PI(4,5)P2, could be depleted at either the Golgi or the plasma membrane (PM) using a recruitable lipid 4-phosphatase enzyme and PI(4,5)P2 could be depleted at the PM using a recruitable 5-phosphatase. Endocytosis required the phosphoinositides. Knock-down of β-arrestin revealed that endogenous β-arrestin normally doubles the rate of PIP5-kinase (PIP5K) after PAR2 desensitization, boosting PI(4,5)P2-dependent formation of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) at the PM. Desensitized PAR2 receptors were swiftly immobilized when they encountered CCPs, showing a dwell time of ∼90 s, 100 times longer than for unactivated receptors. PAR2/β-arrestin complexes eventually accumulated around the edges or across the surface of CCPs promoting transient binding of PIP5K-Iγ. Taken together, β-arrestins can coordinate potentiation of PIP5K activity at CCPs to induce local PI(4,5)P2 generation that promotes recruitment of PI(4,5)P2-dependent endocytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Arakaki AKS, Pan WA, Wedegaertner H, Roca-Mercado I, Chinn L, Gujral TS, Trejo J. α-Arrestin ARRDC3 tumor suppressor function is linked to GPCR-induced TAZ activation and breast cancer metastasis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237789. [PMID: 33722977 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-arrestin domain containing protein 3 (ARRDC3) is a tumor suppressor in triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), a highly metastatic subtype of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapies. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and targets of ARRDC3 in TNBC is important. ARRDC3 regulates trafficking of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1, also known as F2R), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in breast cancer metastasis. Loss of ARRDC3 causes overexpression of PAR1 and aberrant signaling. Moreover, dysregulation of GPCR-induced Hippo signaling is associated with breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms responsible for Hippo dysregulation remain unknown. Here, we report that the Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activator TAZ (also known as WWTR1) is the major effector of GPCR signaling and is required for TNBC migration and invasion. Additionally, ARRDC3 suppresses PAR1-induced Hippo signaling via sequestration of TAZ, which occurs independently of ARRDC3-regulated PAR1 trafficking. The ARRDC3 C-terminal PPXY motifs and TAZ WW domain are crucial for this interaction and are required for suppression of TNBC migration and lung metastasis in vivo. These studies are the first to demonstrate a role for ARRDC3 in regulating GPCR-induced TAZ activity in TNBC and reveal multi-faceted tumor suppressor functions of ARRDC3. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena K S Arakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Wen-An Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Helen Wedegaertner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ivette Roca-Mercado
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Logan Chinn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Jiang Y, Zhuo X, Fu X, Wu Y, Mao C. Targeting PAR2 Overcomes Gefitinib Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through Inhibition of EGFR Transactivation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625289. [PMID: 33967759 PMCID: PMC8100583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance can notably restrict clinical applications of gefitinib that is a commonly used EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The attempts in exploring novel drug targets and reversal strategies are still needed, since gefitinib resistance has not been fully addressed. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G protein-coupled receptor, possesses a transactivation with EGFR to initiate a variety of intracellular signal transductions, but there is a lack of investigations on the role of PAR2 in gefitinib resistance. This study established that protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), actively participated in NSCLC resistant to gefitinib. PAR2 expression was significantly up-regulated when NSCLC cells or tumor tissues became gefitinib resistance. PAR2 inhibition notably enhanced gefitinib to modulate EGFR transactivation, cell viability, migration and apoptosis in gefitinib-sensitive and-resistant NSCLC cells, suggesting its reversal effects in gefitinib resistance. Meanwhile, the combination of a PAR2 inhibitor (P2pal-18S) and gefitinib largely blocked ERK phosphorylation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) compared to gefitinib alone. Importantly, we probed its underlying mechanism and uncovered that PAR2 blockade sensitized gefitinib and reversed its resistance mainly via β-arrestin-EGFR-ERK signaling axis. These effects of PAR2 inhibition were further confirmed by the in vivo study which showed that P2pal-18S reactivated gefitinib to inhibit tumor growth via restricting ERK activation. Taken together, this study could not only reveal a new mechanism of receptor-mediated transactivation to modulate drug resistance, but also provide a novel drug target and direction for overcoming gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhuo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Morais C, Rajandram R, Blakeney JS, Iyer A, Suen JY, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Fairlie DP, Vesey DA. Expression of protease activated receptor-2 is reduced in renal cell carcinoma biopsies and cell lines. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248983. [PMID: 33765016 PMCID: PMC7993771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the protease sensing receptor, protease activated receptor-2 (PAR2), is elevated in a variety of cancers and has been promoted as a potential therapeutic target. With the development of potent antagonists for this receptor, we hypothesised that they could be used to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The expression of PAR2 was, therefore, examined in human RCC tissues and selected RCC cell lines. Histologically confirmed cases of RCC, together with paired non-involved kidney tissue, were used to produce a tissue microarray (TMA) and to extract total tissue RNA. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were then used to assess PAR2 expression. In culture, RCC cell lines versus primary human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HTEC) were used to assess PAR2 expression by qPCR, immunocytochemistry and an intracellular calcium mobilization assay. The TMA revealed an 85% decrease in PAR2 expression in tumour tissue compared with normal kidney tissue. Likewise, qPCR showed a striking reduction in PAR2 mRNA in RCC compared with normal kidney. All RCC cell lines showed lower levels of PAR2 expression than HTEC. In conclusion, we found that PAR2 was reduced in RCC compared with normal kidney and is unlikely to be a target of interest in the treatment of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Jade S. Blakeney
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacky Y. Suen
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David W. Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A. Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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36
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Unraveling the Molecular Nexus between GPCRs, ERS, and EMT. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6655417. [PMID: 33746610 PMCID: PMC7943314 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large family of transmembrane proteins that transduce an external stimulus into a variety of cellular responses. They play a critical role in various pathological conditions in humans, including cancer, by regulating a number of key processes involved in tumor formation and progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in promoting cancer cell invasion and tumor dissemination leading to metastasis, an often intractable state of the disease. Uncontrolled proliferation and persistent metabolism of cancer cells also induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and depletion of growth factors and nutrients. These disturbances lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce a cellular condition called ER stress (ERS) which is counteracted by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Many GPCRs modulate ERS and UPR signaling via ERS sensors, IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, to support cancer cell survival and inhibit cell death. By regulating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin, GPCRs also upregulate mesenchymal transcription factors including Snail, ZEB, and Twist superfamilies which regulate cell polarity, cytoskeleton remodeling, migration, and invasion. Likewise, ERS-induced UPR upregulates gene transcription and expression of proteins related to EMT enhancing tumor aggressiveness. Though GPCRs are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer biology, much less is known about their roles in regulating ERS and EMT. Here, we will discuss the interplay in GPCR-ERS linked to the EMT process of cancer cells, with a particular focus on oncogenes and molecular signaling pathways.
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Mazzotta S, Governa P, Borgonetti V, Marcolongo P, Nanni C, Gamberucci A, Manetti F, Pessina F, Carullo G, Brizzi A, Aiello F. Pinocembrin and its linolenoyl ester derivative induce wound healing activity in HaCaT cell line potentially involving a GPR120/FFA4 mediated pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104657. [PMID: 33556697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing represents an urgent need from the clinical point of view. Several diseases result in wound conditions which are difficult to treat, such as in the case of diabetic foot ulcer. Starting from there, the medicinal research has focused on various targets over the years, including GPCRs as new wound healing drug targets. In line with this, GPR120, known to be an attractive target in type 2 diabetes drug discovery, was studied to finalize the development of new wound healing agents. Pinocembrin (HW0) was evaluated as a suitable compound for interacting with GPR120, and was hybridized with fatty acids, which are known endogenous GPR120 ligands, to enhance the wound healing potential and GPR120 interactions. HW0 and its 7-linolenoyl derivative (HW3) were found to be innovative wound healing agents. Immunofluorescence and functional assays suggested that their activity was mediated by GPR120, and docking simulations showed that the compounds could share the same pocket occupied by the known GPR120 agonist, TUG-891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Nanni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Federica Pessina
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences - DoE 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Giangreco G, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S. Specialised endocytic proteins regulate diverse internalisation mechanisms and signalling outputs in physiology and cancer. Biol Cell 2020; 113:165-182. [PMID: 33617023 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although endocytosis was first described as the process mediating macromolecule or nutrient uptake through the plasma membrane, it is now recognised as a critical component of the cellular infrastructure involved in numerous processes, ranging from receptor signalling, proliferation and migration to polarity and stem cell regulation. To realise these varying roles, endocytosis needs to be finely regulated. Accordingly, multiple endocytic mechanisms exist that require specialised molecular machineries and an array of endocytic adaptor proteins with cell-specific functions. This review provides some examples of specialised functions of endocytic adaptors and other components of the endocytic machinery in different cell physiological processes, and how the alteration of these functions is linked to cancer. In particular, we focus on: (i) cargo selection and endocytic mechanisms linked to different adaptors; (ii) specialised functions in clathrin-mediated versus non-clathrin endocytosis; (iii) differential regulation of endocytic mechanisms by post-translational modification of endocytic proteins; (iv) cell context-dependent expression and function of endocytic proteins. As cases in point, we describe two endocytic protein families, dynamins and epsins. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of the physiological role of these specialised endocytic proteins is exploited by cancer cells to increase cell proliferation, migration and invasion, leading to anti-apoptotic or pro-metastatic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, , Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, , Milan, Italy
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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Han X, Nieman MT, Kerlin BA. Protease-activated receptors: An illustrated review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 5:17-26. [PMID: 33537526 PMCID: PMC7845062 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are important regulators of cell behavior, survival, and apoptosis. They communicate to cells directly through a special class of G‐protein–coupled receptors known as protease‐activated receptors (PARs). N‐terminal PAR proteolysis unmasks a neo‐N‐terminus, which serves as a tethered ligand to activate PARs. Using this unique irreversible activation mechanism, PARs relay information across cell membranes. The year 2020 is the 30th year since discovery of the first member of this family, PAR1. In this illustrated review, we highlight achievements in the PAR field over the past 3 decades. Additionally, the known expression profiles of PARs in human tissues and across species are portrayed. We also illustrate the tethered ligand activation mechanism, which is unique to PARs, and PAR regulatory mechanisms. PAR1 was originally named “thrombin receptor” because thrombin was the first protease identified to activate PAR1. However, over the past 30 years, a growing number of proteases have been found to cleave PARs and trigger differential downstream signaling depending on cleavage site, cell type, and species. We exemplify the diversity of PAR1‐mediated signaling outcomes in platelets and endothelial cells as pertinent examples to the hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular biology fields. Further, the termination and regulation of PAR signaling via endocytosis and currently available pharmacologic approaches are depicted. We conclude with portrayal of clinically translational aspects of PAR biology including pharmacologic manipulation and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Pharmacology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Marvin T Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Bryce A Kerlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus OH USA.,Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH USA
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41
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Patwardhan A, Cheng N, Trejo J. Post-Translational Modifications of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Control Cellular Signaling Dynamics in Space and Time. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:120-151. [PMID: 33268549 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family comprising >800 signaling receptors that regulate numerous cellular and physiologic responses. GPCRs have been implicated in numerous diseases and represent the largest class of drug targets. Although advances in GPCR structure and pharmacology have improved drug discovery, the regulation of GPCR function by diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) has received minimal attention. Over 200 PTMs are known to exist in mammalian cells, yet only a few have been reported for GPCRs. Early studies revealed phosphorylation as a major regulator of GPCR signaling, whereas later reports implicated a function for ubiquitination, glycosylation, and palmitoylation in GPCR biology. Although our knowledge of GPCR phosphorylation is extensive, our knowledge of the modifying enzymes, regulation, and function of other GPCR PTMs is limited. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of GPCR post-translational modifications with a greater focus on new discoveries. We discuss the subcellular location and regulatory mechanisms that control post-translational modifications of GPCRs. The functional implications of newly discovered GPCR PTMs on receptor folding, biosynthesis, endocytic trafficking, dimerization, compartmentalized signaling, and biased signaling are also provided. Methods to detect and study GPCR PTMs as well as PTM crosstalk are further highlighted. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the implications of GPCR PTMs in human disease and their importance for drug discovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Post-translational modification of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) controls all aspects of receptor function; however, the detection and study of diverse types of GPCR modifications are limited. A thorough understanding of the role and mechanisms by which diverse post-translational modifications regulate GPCR signaling and trafficking is essential for understanding dysregulated mechanisms in disease and for improving and refining drug development for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Norton Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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42
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Avet C, Sturino C, Grastilleur S, Gouill CL, Semache M, Gross F, Gendron L, Bennani Y, Mancini JA, Sayegh CE, Bouvier M. The PAR2 inhibitor I-287 selectively targets Gα q and Gα 12/13 signaling and has anti-inflammatory effects. Commun Biol 2020; 3:719. [PMID: 33247181 PMCID: PMC7695697 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is involved in inflammatory responses and pain, therefore representing a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, as for other GPCRs, PAR2 can activate multiple signaling pathways and those involved in inflammatory responses remain poorly defined. Here, we describe a new selective and potent PAR2 inhibitor (I-287) that shows functional selectivity by acting as a negative allosteric regulator on Gαq and Gα12/13 activity and their downstream effectors, while having no effect on Gi/o signaling and βarrestin2 engagement. Such selective inhibition of only a subset of the pathways engaged by PAR2 was found to be sufficient to block inflammation in vivo. In addition to unraveling the PAR2 signaling pathways involved in the pro-inflammatory response, our study opens the path toward the development of new functionally selective drugs with reduced liabilities that could arise from blocking all the signaling activities controlled by the receptor. Avet et al. characterize I-287, an inhibitor to protease-activated receptor 2 using BRET-assays. They find that I-287 selectively inhibits Gαq and Gα12/13 without affecting the activation of Gi/o or the recruitment of βarrestin2 and that it blocks inflammation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Avet
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 1J4
| | - Claudio Sturino
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc., Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 4A7.,Paraza Pharma, Inc., Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada, H4S 2E1
| | - Sébastien Grastilleur
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'Excellence en Neurosciences de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 1J4
| | - Meriem Semache
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 1J4.,Domain Therapeutics North America, Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada, H4S 1Z9
| | - Florence Gross
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 1J4.,Domain Therapeutics North America, Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada, H4S 1Z9
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d'Excellence en Neurosciences de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Youssef Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc., Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 4A7.,AdMare BioInnovations, Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada, H4S 1Z9
| | - Joseph A Mancini
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc., Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 4A7.,Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Camil E Sayegh
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada), Inc., Laval, QC, Canada, H7V 4A7.,Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 1J4.
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Bao Z, Zhou S, Zhou H. Sorting Nexin 27 as a potential target in G protein‑coupled receptor recycling for cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1779-1786. [PMID: 33000258 PMCID: PMC7551096 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors and activate several downstream signaling pathways involved in numerous physiological cellular processes. GPCRs are usually internalized and desensitized by intracellular signals. Numerous studies have shown that several GPCRs interact with sorting nexin 27 (SNX27), a cargo selector of the retromer complex, and are recycled from endosomes to the plasma membrane. Recycled GPCRs usually contain specific C-terminal postsynaptic density protein 95/Discs large protein/Zonula occludens 1 (PDZ) binding motifs, which are specifically recognized by SNX27, and return to the cell surface as functionally naïve receptors. Aberrant endosome-to-membrane recycling of GPCRs mediated by SNX27 may serve a critical role in cancer growth and development. Therefore, SNX27 may be a novel target for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Madhusudhan T, Ghosh S, Wang H, Dong W, Gupta D, Elwakiel A, Stoyanov S, Al-Dabet MM, Krishnan S, Biemann R, Nazir S, Zimmermann S, Mathew A, Gadi I, Rana R, Zeng-Brouwers J, Moeller MJ, Schaefer L, Esmon CT, Kohli S, Reiser J, Rezaie AR, Ruf W, Isermann B. Podocyte Integrin- β 3 and Activated Protein C Coordinately Restrict RhoA Signaling and Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1762-1780. [PMID: 32709711 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (dNP), now the leading cause of ESKD, lacks efficient therapies. Coagulation protease-dependent signaling modulates dNP, in part via the G protein-coupled, protease-activated receptors (PARs). Specifically, the cytoprotective protease-activated protein C (aPC) protects from dNP, but the mechanisms are not clear. METHODS A combination of in vitro approaches and mouse models evaluated the role of aPC-integrin interaction and related signaling in dNP. RESULTS The zymogen protein C and aPC bind to podocyte integrin-β 3, a subunit of integrin-α v β 3. Deficiency of this integrin impairs thrombin-mediated generation of aPC on podocytes. The interaction of aPC with integrin-α v β 3 induces transient binding of integrin-β 3 with G α13 and controls PAR-dependent RhoA signaling in podocytes. Binding of aPC to integrin-β 3 via its RGD sequence is required for the temporal restriction of RhoA signaling in podocytes. In podocytes lacking integrin-β 3, aPC induces sustained RhoA activation, mimicking the effect of thrombin. In vivo, overexpression of wild-type aPC suppresses pathologic renal RhoA activation and protects against dNP. Disrupting the aPC-integrin-β 3 interaction by specifically deleting podocyte integrin-β 3 or by abolishing aPC's integrin-binding RGD sequence enhances RhoA signaling in mice with high aPC levels and abolishes aPC's nephroprotective effect. Pharmacologic inhibition of PAR1, the pivotal thrombin receptor, restricts RhoA activation and nephroprotects RGE-aPChigh and wild-type mice.Conclusions aPC-integrin-α v β 3 acts as a rheostat, controlling PAR1-dependent RhoA activation in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy. These results identify integrin-α v β 3 as an essential coreceptor for aPC that is required for nephroprotective aPC-PAR signaling in dNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thati Madhusudhan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanchita Ghosh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elwakiel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Moh'd Mohanad Al-Dabet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shruthi Krishnan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akash Mathew
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ihsan Gadi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rajiv Rana
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University Hospital of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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45
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Jiang Y, Zhuo X, Mao C. G Protein-coupled Receptors in Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1952-1963. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200305130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly expressed on a variety of tumour tissues while several
GPCR exogenous ligands become marketed pharmaceuticals. In recent decades, cancer stem cells (CSCs) become
widely investigated drug targets for cancer therapy but the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated.
There are vigorous participations of GPCRs in CSCs-related signalling and functions, such as biomarkers for
CSCs, activation of Wnt, Hedgehog (HH) and other signalling to facilitate CSCs progressions. This relationship
can not only uncover a novel molecular mechanism for GPCR-mediated cancer cell functions but also assist our
understanding of maintaining and modulating CSCs. Moreover, GPCR antagonists and monoclonal antibodies
could be applied to impair CSCs functions and consequently attenuate tumour growth, some of which have been
undergoing clinical studies and are anticipated to turn into marketed anticancer drugs. Therefore, this review
summarizes and provides sufficient evidences on the regulation of GPCR signalling in the maintenance, differentiation
and pluripotency of CSCs, suggesting that targeting GPCRs on the surface of CSCs could be potential
therapeutic strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhuo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Khaitlina S, Bozhokina E, Tsaplina O, Efremova T. Bacterial Actin-Specific Endoproteases Grimelysin and Protealysin as Virulence Factors Contributing to the Invasive Activities of Serratia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4025. [PMID: 32512842 PMCID: PMC7311988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the discovery, properties and functional activities of new bacterial enzymes, proteases grimelysin (ECP 32) of Serratia grimesii and protealysin of Serratia proteamaculans, characterized by both a highly specific "actinase" activity and their ability to stimulate bacterial invasion. Grimelysin cleaves the only polypeptide bond Gly42-Val43 in actin. This bond is not cleaved by any other proteases and leads to a reversible loss of actin polymerization. Similar properties were characteristic for another bacterial protease, protealysin. These properties made grimelysin and protealysin a unique tool to study the functional properties of actin. Furthermore, bacteria Serratia grimesii and Serratia proteamaculans, producing grimelysin and protealysin, invade eukaryotic cells, and the recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the grimelysin or protealysins gene become invasive. Participation of the cellular c-Src and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways in the invasion of eukaryotic cells by S. grimesii was shown, and involvement of E-cadherin in the invasion has been suggested. Moreover, membrane vesicles produced by S. grimesii were found to contain grimelysin, penetrate into eukaryotic cells and increase the invasion of bacteria into eukaryotic cells. These data indicate that the protease is a virulence factor, and actin can be a target for the protease upon its translocation into the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Khaitlina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.B.); (O.T.); (T.E.)
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Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are the core upstream elements that transduce and amplify the cellular signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular effectors. GPCRs are the largest family of membrane proteins encoded in the human genome and are the targets of about one-third of prescription medicines. However, to date, no single therapeutic agent exerts its effects via perturbing heterotrimeric G protein function, despite a plethora of evidence linking G protein malfunction to human disease. Several recent studies have brought to light that the Gq family-specific inhibitor FR900359 (FR) is unexpectedly efficacious in silencing the signaling of Gq oncoproteins, mutant Gq variants that mostly exist in the active state. These data not only raise the hope that researchers working in drug discovery may be able to potentially strike Gq oncoproteins from the list of undruggable targets, but also raise questions as to how FR achieves its therapeutic effect. Here, we place emphasis on these recent studies and explain why they expand our pharmacological armamentarium for targeting Gq protein oncogenes as well as broaden our mechanistic understanding of Gq protein oncogene function. We also highlight how this novel insight impacts the significance and utility of using G(q) proteins as targets in drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Kostenis
- Section of Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eva Marie Pfeil
- Section of Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Suvi Annala
- Section of Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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48
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Wang Q, Zhang T, Chang X, Wang K, Lee MH, Ma WY, Liu K, Dong Z. Targeting Opsin4/Melanopsin with a Novel Small Molecule Suppresses PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling and Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1028-1038. [PMID: 32269074 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of oncogenic biomolecules as drug targets is an unmet need for the development of clinically effective novel anticancer therapies. In this study, we report for the first time that opsin 4/melanopsin (OPN4) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is a potential drug target. Our study has revealed that OPN4 is overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues and cells, and is inversely correlated with patient survival probability. Knocking down expression of OPN4 suppressed cells growth and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. We have also found that OPN4, a G protein-coupled receptor, interacted with Gα11 and triggered the PKC/BRAF/MEK/ERKs signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Genetic ablation of OPN4 attenuated the multiplicity and the volume of urethane-induced lung tumors in mice. Importantly, our study provides the first report of AE 51310 (1-[(2,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperidine) as a small-molecule inhibitor of OPN4, suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cells and the growth of patient-derived xenograft tumors in mice. IMPLICATIONS: Overall, this study unveils the role of OPN4 in NSCLC and suggests that targeting OPN4 with small molecules, such as AE 51310 would be interesting to develop novel anticancer therapies for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Keke Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Ya Ma
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota. .,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Deng M, Zhang Z, Liu B, Hou K, Che X, Qu X, Liu Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Lv Q. Localization of GPSM2 in the Nucleus of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells Indicates a Poor Prognosis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:227. [PMID: 32195179 PMCID: PMC7063060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: GPSM2 (G protein signaling modulator 2) was reported to be involved in the cell division of breast cancer cells. Additionally, cytoplasmic dynein may mediate the transport process of GPSM2. DYNC1I1 (Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1) is the most common cargo-binding subunit of dynein. However, the relationship between GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 and its clinical value is unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for assessment of GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 expression. Immunoprecipitation analysis was used to assess the interaction between GPSM2 and DYNC1I1. Results: GPSM2 was correlated with clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients and is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor. In addition, nuclear expression of GPSM2 is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.658, 95% CI = 1.490–4.741, p = 0.001). GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 are known to form a complex in breast cancer cells. Patients who were positive for expression of both DYNC1I1 and GPSM2 presented with shorter recurrence-free survival than other patients. Importantly, patients with GPSM2 nuclear expression showed higher DYNC1I1 expression. Conclusion: GPSM2 was an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer and nuclear expression of GPSM2 was significantly associated with poor prognosis, which was related to the positive expression of DYNC1I1. Examination of both GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 is necessary to establish a prognosis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bofang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingjie Lv
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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50
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Neuropeptide receptor genes GHSR and NMUR1 are candidate epigenetic biomarkers and predictors for surgically treated patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1007. [PMID: 31974445 PMCID: PMC6978330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological staging and histological grading systems are useful, but imperfect, predictors of recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Aberrant promoter methylation is the main type of epigenetic modification that plays a role in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. To identify new potential prognostic markers, we investigated the promoter methylation status of five neuropeptide receptor genes. The methylation status of the target genes was compared with clinical characteristics in 278 cases; 72 hypopharyngeal cancers, 54 laryngeal cancers, 75 oropharyngeal cancers, and 77 oral cavity cancers were studied. We found that the NTSR1, NTSR2, GHSR, MLNR, and NMUR1 promoters were methylated in 47.8%, 46.8%, 54.3%, 39.2%, and 43.5% of the samples, respectively. GHSR and NMUR1 promoter methylation independently predicted recurrence in HNSCC. In patients with oropharyngeal cancer (n = 75), GHSR and NMUR1 promoter methylation significantly correlates with survival in surgically treated patients. We classified our patients as having a low, intermediate, or high-risk of death based on three factors: HPV status, and GHSR and NMUR1 promoter methylation. The disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 87.1%, 42.7%, and 17.0%, respectively. Combined data analysis of the methylation status of ten-eleven translocation (TET) family genes indicated a trend toward greater methylation indices as the number of TET methylation events increased. In the current study, we presented the relationship between the methylation status of the GHSR and NMUR1 genes and recurrence in HNSCC, specifically in risk classification of oropharyngeal carcinomas cases with HPV status.
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