1
|
Pichetkun V, Khine HEE, Srifa S, Nukulkit S, Nuengchamnong N, Hansapaiboon S, Saenmuangchin R, Chaotham C, Chansriniyom C. Diverse effects of a Cyperus rotundus extract on glucose uptake in myotubes and adipocytes and its suppression on adipocyte maturation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9018. [PMID: 38641685 PMCID: PMC11031566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyperus rotundus rhizomes have been used in longevity remedies in Thailand for nourishing good health, which led us to investigate the effect on energy homeostasis, especially glucose utilization in myotubes and adipocytes, and on inhibition of lipogenesis in adipocytes. The results showed that an ethyl acetate extract of C. rotundus rhizomes (ECR) containing 1.61%w/w piceatannol, with a half-maximal concentration of 17.76 ± 0.03 μg/mL in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, caused upregulation and cell-membrane translocation of glucose transporters GLUT4 and 1 in L6 myotubes but downregulation and cytoplasmic localization of GLUT4 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and was related to the p-Akt/Akt ratio in both cells, especially at 100 μg/mL. Moreover, ECR (25-100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), and Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK) pathways. Its immunoblot showed increased expression of p-AMPKα/AMPKα and p-ACC/ACC but decreased expression of p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK3β/GSK3β in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, the decreased expression of the adipogenic effectors, perilipin1 and lipoprotein lipase, in ECR-incubated adipocytes (50 and 100 μg/mL) indicated reduced de novo lipogenesis. Our study elucidated mechanisms of C. rotundus that help attenuate glucose tolerance in skeletal muscle and inhibit lipid droplet accumulation in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipawee Pichetkun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles (NP2), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hnin Ei Ei Khine
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchada Srifa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimon Nukulkit
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles (NP2), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Laboratory Center, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Supakarn Hansapaiboon
- Pharmaceutical Research Instrument Center of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rattaporn Saenmuangchin
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Phahonyothin Rd., Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chaisak Chansriniyom
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products and Nanoparticles (NP2), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gandhi H, Mahant S, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Gupta G, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Kapoor DN. Exploring the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring piceatannol in non-communicable diseases. Biofactors 2024; 50:232-249. [PMID: 37702264 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Piceatannol is a naturally occurring hydroxylated resveratrol analogue that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been documented to have a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-allergic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive properties. Piceatannol has significantly higher antioxidant activity than resveratrol. Piceatannol has been shown in preclinical studies to have the ability to inhibit or reduce the growth of cancers in various organs such as the brain, breast, lung, colon, cervical, liver, prostate, and skin. However, the bioavailability of Piceatannol is comparatively lower than resveratrol and other stilbenes. Several approaches have been reported in recent years to enhance its bioavailability and biological activity, and clinical trials are required to validate these findings. This review focuses on several aspects of natural stilbene Piceatannol, its chemistry, and its mechanism of action, and its promising therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of complex human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gandhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Mahant
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, England, UK
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González I, Lindner C, Schneider I, Diaz E, Morales MA, Rojas A. Emerging and multifaceted potential contributions of polyphenols in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:154-169. [PMID: 38464365 PMCID: PMC10921170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life, long-term health expenditures, and substantial health losses. In this context, the use of dietary polyphenols to prevent and manage T2DM is widely documented. These dietary compounds exert their beneficial effects through several actions, including the protection of pancreatic islet β-cell, the antioxidant capacities of these molecules, their effects on insulin secretion and actions, the regulation of intestinal microbiota, and their contribution to ameliorate diabetic complications, particularly those of vascular origin. In the present review, we intend to highlight these multifaceted actions and the molecular mechanisms by which these plant-derived secondary metabolites exert their beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ivan Schneider
- Centre of Primary Attention, South Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago 3830000, Chile
| | - Erik Diaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arisawa K, Matsuoka A, Ozawa N, Ishikawa T, Ichi I, Fujiwara Y. GPER/PKA-Dependent Enhancement of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Piceatannol. Nutrients 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 38201867 PMCID: PMC10781143 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that piceatannol (PIC) had an anti-obesity effect only in ovariectomized (OVX) postmenopausal obesity mice. PIC was found to induce the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (pHSL) in OVX mice. To elucidate the mechanism by which PIC activates HSL, we investigated the effect of PIC using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PIC induced HSL phosphorylation at Ser563 in 3T3-L1 cells, as in vivo experiments showed. pHSL (Ser563) is believed to be activated through the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways; however, the addition of a selective inhibitor of β-AR did not inhibit the effect of PIC. The addition of a PKA inhibitor with PIC blocked pHSL (Ser563), suggesting that the effects are mediated by PKA in a different pathway than β-AR. The addition of G15, a selective inhibitor of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), reduced the activation of HSL by PIC. Furthermore, PIC inhibited insulin signaling and did not induce pHSL (Ser565), which represents its inactive form. These results suggest that PIC acts as a phytoestrogen and phosphorylates HSL through a novel pathway that activates GPER and its downstream PKA, which may be one of the inhibitory actions of PIC on fat accumulation in estrogen deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotoko Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (A.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Ayumi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (A.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Natsuki Ozawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (A.M.); (N.O.)
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (T.I.); (I.I.)
- Department of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University, Chiba 271-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (T.I.); (I.I.)
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (A.M.); (N.O.)
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; (T.I.); (I.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Azab M, Safi M, Idiiatullina E, Al-Shaebi F, Zaky MY. Aging of mesenchymal stem cell: machinery, markers, and strategies of fighting. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:69. [PMID: 35986247 PMCID: PMC9388978 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes when stimulated under appropriate conditions. The role of MSCs in tissue homeostasis, aging-related diseases, and cellular therapy is clinically suggested. As aging is a universal problem that has large socioeconomic effects, an improved understanding of the concepts of aging can direct public policies that reduce its adverse impacts on the healthcare system and humanity. Several studies of aging have been carried out over several years to understand the phenomenon and different factors affecting human aging. A reduced ability of adult stem cell populations to reproduce and regenerate is one of the main contributors to the human aging process. In this context, MSCs senescence is a major challenge in front of cellular therapy advancement. Many factors, ranging from genetic and metabolic pathways to extrinsic factors through various cellular signaling pathways, are involved in regulating the mechanism of MSC senescence. To better understand and reverse cellular senescence, this review highlights the underlying mechanisms and signs of MSC cellular senescence, and discusses the strategies to combat aging and cellular senescence.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ethanol Extract of Licorice Alleviates HFD-Induced Liver Fat Accumulation in Association with Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Metabolites in Obesity Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194180. [PMID: 36235833 PMCID: PMC9572531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, licorice is often used in functional foods for its health benefits. However, the role of gut microbiota in the efficacy of licorice has not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the involvement of intestinal flora may be a key link in licorice ethanol extract (LEE)-induced health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LEE improves hepatic lipid accumulation in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and whether the gut microbiota plays a key role in LEE treatment. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD for liver fat accumulation and then treated with LEE. The same experiments were later performed using pseudo-sterile mice to verify the importance of gut flora. Supplementation with LEE improved the obesity profile, lipid profile and liver fat accumulation in HFD mice. In addition, LEE treatment improved intestinal flora dysbiosis caused by HFD in mice, as evidenced by a decrease in the percentage of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and an increase in the abundance of known anti-obesity-related bacteria. However, LEE failed to exhibit a therapeutic effect in pseudo-sterile mice. The results of the cellular assay showed that glycyrrhetic acid (GA), the main conversion product of glycyrrhizin (GL), was more effective in reducing fat accumulation and intracellular TG content in hepatocytes compared to GL. In conclusion, our data suggest that LEE attenuates obesity and hepatic fat accumulation in HFD mice, which may be associated with modulating the composition of gut microbiota and the conversion of LLE by the intestinal flora.
Collapse
|
7
|
Navarro-Orcajada S, Conesa I, Vidal-Sánchez FJ, Matencio A, Albaladejo-Maricó L, García-Carmona F, López-Nicolás JM. Stilbenes: Characterization, bioactivity, encapsulation and structural modifications. A review of their current limitations and promising approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7269-7287. [PMID: 35234546 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Stilbenes are phenolic compounds naturally synthesized as secondary metabolites by the shikimate pathway in plants. Research on them has increased in recent years due to their therapeutic potential as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective and anti-obesity agents. Amongst them, resveratrol has attracted the most attention, although there are other natural and synthesized stilbenes with enhanced properties. However, stilbenes have some physicochemical and pharmacokinetic problems that need to be overcome before considering their applications. Human clinical evidence of their bioactivity is still controversial due to this fact and hence, exhaustive basis science on stilbenes is needed before applied science. This review gathers the main physicochemical and biological properties of natural stilbenes, establishes structure-activity relationships among them, emphasizing the current problems that limit their applications and presenting some promising approaches to overcome these issues: the encapsulation in different agents and the structural modification to obtain novel stilbenes with better features. The bioactivity of stilbenes should move from promising to evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Navarro-Orcajada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia-Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Conesa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia-Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Vidal-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia-Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Albaladejo-Maricó
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia-Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia-Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia-Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawakami S, Morinaga M, Tsukamoto-Sen S, Mori S, Matsui Y, Kawama T. Constituent Characteristics and Functional Properties of Passion Fruit Seed Extract. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:38. [PMID: 35054431 PMCID: PMC8781723 DOI: 10.3390/life12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Passiflora L. is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The major species, Passiflora edulis Sims, is known as 'passion fruit' and is widely used in processed foods as well as eaten raw. P. edulis fruits are eaten for their pulp together with the seeds; however, the seeds are often discarded when used in processed foods. P. edulis seeds contain a variety of nutrients and functional components, and their industrial use is desirable from the perspective of waste reduction. Previous studies have analyzed the constituents of P. edulis and their physiological functions. P. edulis seeds contain various types of polyphenols, especially those rich in stilbenes (e.g., piceatannol). P. edulis seed extracts and isolated compounds from seeds have been reported to exhibit various physiological functions, such as antioxidant effects, improvement of skin condition, fat-burning promotion effects, and hypoglycemic effects. This review summarizes the nutritional characteristics, polyphenol content, and physiological functions of P. edulis seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Kawakami
- Health Science Research Center, R & D Institute, Morinaga & Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8504, Japan; (M.M.); (S.T.-S.); (S.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Foresight regarding drug candidates acting on the succinate-GPR91 signalling pathway for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112298. [PMID: 34649219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, with a histological spectrum from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can evolve into progressive liver fibrosis and eventually lead to liver cirrhosis. The pathological mechanism of NASH is multifactorial, involving a series of metabolic disorders and changes that trigger low-level inflammation in the liver and other organs. In the pathogenesis of NASH, the signal transduction pathway involving succinate and the succinate receptor (G-protein-coupled receptor 91, GPR91) regulates inflammatory cell activation and liver fibrosis. This review describes the mechanism of the succinate-GPR91 signalling pathway in NASH and summarizes the drugs that act on this pathway, with the aim of providing a new approach to NASH treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Stromsnes K, Lagzdina R, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Gimeno-Mallench L, Gambini J. Pharmacological Properties of Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Mechanisms of Action, and Biological Effects in In Vitro Studies, Animal Models, and Humans. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1074. [PMID: 34440278 PMCID: PMC8392236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are bioactive compounds originally discovered from chemical structures present in both the plant and animal kingdoms. These have the ability to interact with molecules found in our body, blocking them, activating them, or increasing or decreasing their levels. Their actions have allowed us to cure diseases and improve our state of health, which has led us to increase the longevity of our species. Among the molecules with pharmacological activity produced by plants are the polyphenols. These, due to their molecular structure, as drugs, also have the ability to interact with molecules in our body, presenting various pharmacological properties. In addition, these compounds are found in multiple foods in our diet. In this review, we focused on discussing the bioavailability of these compounds when we ingested them through diet and the specific mechanisms of action of polyphenols, focusing on studies carried out in vitro, in animals and in humans over the last five years. Knowing which foods have these pharmacological activities could allow us to prevent and aid as concomitant treatment against various pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Rudite Lagzdina
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (G.O.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van de Vyver M, Powrie YSL, Smith C. Targeting Stem Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:163-181. [PMID: 33725353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) dysfunction is a serious complication in ageing and age-related inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammation and oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence alter the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs and hamper their pro-regenerative function, which in turn leads to an increase in disease severity, maladaptive tissue damage and the development of comorbidities. Targeting stem/progenitor cells to restore their function and/or protect them against impairment could thus improve healing outcomes and significantly enhance the quality of life for diabetic patients. This review discusses the dysregulation of MSCs' immunomodulatory capacity in the context of diabetes mellitus and focuses on intervention strategies aimed at MSC rejuvenation. Research pertaining to the potential therapeutic use of either pharmacological agents (NFкB antagonists), natural products (phytomedicine) or biological agents (exosomes, probiotics) to improve MSC function is discussed and an overview of the most pertinent methodological considerations given. Based on in vitro studies, numerous anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants and biological agents show tremendous potential to revitalise MSCs. An integrated systems approach and a thorough understanding of complete disease pathology are however required to identify feasible candidates for in vivo targeting of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari van de Vyver
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Yigael S L Powrie
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Piceatannol Is Superior to Resveratrol at Suppressing Adipogenesis in Human Visceral Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020366. [PMID: 33672932 PMCID: PMC7918058 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) and piceatannol (3,3′,4′,5-trans-tetraphydroxystilbene) are major stilbene compounds that are predominantly present in various natural foods, such as berries and fruits. Both phytochemical compounds are consumed as dietary supplements to prevent various metabolic diseases and for their anti-aging properties. Adipose-derived stem cells from human visceral adipose tissue (vASCs) are a useful in vitro model for evaluating their adipogenic effect. Treatment with resveratrol and piceatannol significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in vASCs. Their effective concentrations were 5, 10, and 20 μM for inhibiting adipogenesis of vASCs. Interestingly, despite the similar chemical structures of the two compounds, piceatannol showed a higher anti-adipogenic effect at 20 μM than resveratrol in vASCs. Moreover, the inhibitory capacity of lipid droplet generation was higher for piceatannol at 20 μM than that of resveratrol. Piceatannol significantly attenuated the expression level of adipogenic markers (e.g., CCAAT/enhanced binding protein α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2)) compared to resveratrol at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that piceatannol is a superior anti-adipogenic compound compared to resveratrol in the vASC model of visceral obesity.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Nguyen NA, Jang J, Le TK, Nguyen THH, Woo SM, Yoo SK, Lee YJ, Park KD, Yeom SJ, Kim GJ, Kang HS, Yun CH. Biocatalytic Production of a Potent Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation from Phloretin Using Engineered CYP102A1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6683-6691. [PMID: 32468814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated an efficient enzymatic strategy for producing potentially valuable phloretin metabolites from phlorizin, a glucoside of phloretin that is rich in apple pomace. Almond β-glucosidase efficiently removed phlorizin's glucose moiety to produce phloretin. CYP102A1 engineered by site-directed mutagenesis, domain swapping, and random mutagenesis catalyzed the highly regioselective C-hydroxylation of phloretin into 3-OH phloretin with high conversion yields. Under the optimal hydroxylation conditions of 15 g cells L-1 and a 20 mM substrate for whole-cell biocatalysis, phloretin was regioselectively hydroxylated into 3.1 mM 3-OH phloretin each hour. Furthermore, differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes and lipid accumulation were dramatically inhibited by 3-OH phloretin but promoted by phloretin. Consistent with these inhibitory effects, the expression of adipogenic regulator genes was downregulated by 3-OH phloretin. We propose a platform for the sustainable production and value creation of phloretin metabolites from apple pomace capable of inhibiting adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Thien-Kim Le
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Huong Ha Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Woo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Deok Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Cheng YH, Dong JC, Bian Q. Small molecules for mesenchymal stem cell fate determination. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1084-1103. [PMID: 31875870 PMCID: PMC6904864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in vitro, and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo. The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage. Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases, including aging, osteoporosis, and insulin resistance. Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs, for instance, genistein, medicarpin, and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment; isorhamnetin, risedronate, and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis; and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination. We highlight the underlying mechanisms, including direct regulation, epigenetic modification, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog signaling pathways etc. and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials. The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation, adipose tissue homeostasis, and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sorrenti V, Randazzo CL, Caggia C, Ballistreri G, Romeo FV, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N, Raffaele M, Vanella L. Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Probiotics on Pre-adipocyte Differentiation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:660. [PMID: 31001233 PMCID: PMC6456667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of pomegranate are due to the ellagitannins and anthocyanins content, which are protective toward a wide variety of diseases including inflammatory diseases. Many investigators have reported that pomegranate waste (peel and seeds) extracts, made from waste product of industrial processing, show free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant capacity. Pomegranate extracts (PEs) were also reported to possess noteworty antibacterial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities thanks to the polyphenolic compounds content, which includes punicalagins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives. The focus of the present manuscript was to study the prebiotic potentiality of a PE, soluble in water, and characterized through HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS n for its phenolic content. Moreover, since it has been reported that pomegranate extracts decreased the level of lipids in the blood and that a number of probiotic strains have been shown to affect adipogenesis in cell culture, this study was also performed to test the in vitro effects of PE and probiotic L. rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 strain (LGG) on 3T3-L1 cell line. PE and probiotics substantially reduced the triglyceride content and intracellular lipid increase, compared to the control group. However, the combination treatment of PE and LGG filtered spent broth (SB) was the most effective in reducing triglyceride content and intracellular lipid accumulation. The mRNA expression levels of the main transcriptional factors implicated in adipocyte differentiation were substantially lower in 3T3-L1 cells treated with PE and LGG filtered SB. These results evidenced that a synergistic effect of probiotics and polyphenols contained in PE may affect in vitro adipogenesis and may contribute in development of new nutraceutical/probiotic-based remedies to prevent and to treat obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sorrenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente - Di3A, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente - Di3A, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Flora Valeria Romeo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Nicolina Timpanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceatannol in engineered microbial strains: achievements and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2959-2972. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111651. [PMID: 30400297 PMCID: PMC6266067 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which has been shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in experimental animals, including glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have been carried out to address its potential; however, results are still inconclusive. Even though resveratrol is partly metabolized by gut microbiota, the relevance of this “forgotten organ” had not been widely considered. However, in the past few years, data has emerged suggesting that the therapeutic potential of this compound may be due to its interaction with gut microbiota, reporting changes in bacterial composition associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes. Even though data is still scarce and for the most part observational, it is promising nevertheless, suggesting that resveratrol supplementation could be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
Collapse
|