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Xu M, Wei X, Wang J, Li Y, Huang Y, Cheng A, He F, Zhang L, Zhang C, Liu Y. The NRF2/ID2 Axis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Novel Insights into the Interplay between Vascular Calcification and Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0075. [PMID: 38916733 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) increases with age and markedly exacerbates the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, effective pharmaceutical interventions are lacking and the molecular mechanisms linking aging to VC remain elusive. This study explored the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in age-associated VC, specifically focusing on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. Using a chronologically aging mouse model, we noted a significant decline in the expression of NRF2 in the aged mice aortas, coinciding with increased VC. Administering NRF2 activators effectively reduced calcification. By establishing adenine-and vitamin D-induced VC models in VSMC-specific Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2SMCKO) mice, there was an increase in VC with increased VSMC senescence. Aortic rings and primary VSMCs from Nrf2SMCKO mice also showed increased VC under high-phosphate conditions. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression inhibited VSMC calcification with decreased VSMC senescence and an osteogenic phenotype, whereas Nrf2 silencing aggravated calcification. Transcriptome RNA-seq analysis of the aortas from Nrf2SMCKO and control mice revealed that inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is a core downstream gene of NRF2. Id2 overexpression alleviated NRF2 knockdown-induced VC and VSMC senescence, while silencing Id2 negated the protective effects of NRF2. Moreover, results of a dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that NRF2 promotes the transcriptional activity of the Id2 gene promoter region. This study emphasizes the critical role of age-related NRF2 dysfunction in the nexus between VSMC senescence and VC. The NRF2-ID2 axis in VSMCs has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for reducing VC and mitigating age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuxian Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anying Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nasir NJN, Arifin N, Noordin KBA, Yusop N. Bone repair and key signalling pathways for cell-based bone regenerative therapy: A review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1350-1363. [PMID: 37305024 PMCID: PMC10248876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell-based regenerative therapy create new opportunities for the treatment of bone-related disorders and injuries, by improving the reparative phase of bone healing. Apart from the classical approach of bone grafting, the application of cell-based therapies, particularly stem cells (SCs), has gained a lot of attention in recent years. SCs play an important role in regenerative therapy due to their excellent ability to differentiate into bone-forming cells. Regeneration of new bone is regulated by a wide variety of signalling molecules and intracellular networks, which are responsible for coordinating cellular processes. The activated signalling cascade is significantly involved in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and interaction with the microenvironment and other types of cells within the healing site. Despite the increasing evidence from studies conducted on signalling pathways associated with bone formation, the exact mechanism involved in controlling the differentiation stage of transplanted cells is not well understood. Identifying the key activated pathways involved in bone regeneration may allow for precise manipulation of the relevant signalling molecules within the progenitor cell population to accelerate the healing process. The in-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms would be advantageous in improving the efficiency of personalised medicine and targeted therapy in regenerative medicine. In this review, we briefly introduce the theory of bone repair mechanism and bone tissue engineering followed by an overview of relevant signalling pathways that have been identified to play an important role in cell-based bone regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Julia N. Nasir
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Bariah A.A. Noordin
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Yusop
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Toejing P, Sakunrangsit N, Pho-On P, Phetkong C, Leelahavanichkul A, Sridurongrit S, Greenblatt MB, Lotinun S. Accelerated Bone Loss in Transgenic Mice Expressing Constitutively Active TGF-β Receptor Type I. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10797. [PMID: 37445982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a key factor mediating the intercellular crosstalk between the hematopoietic stem cells and their microenvironment. Here, we investigated the skeletal phenotype of transgenic mice expressing constitutively active TGF-β receptor type I under the control of Mx1-Cre (Mx1;TβRICA mice). μCT analysis showed decreased cortical thickness, and cancellous bone volume in both femurs and mandibles. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed a decrease in cancellous bone volume due to increased osteoclast number and decreased osteoblast number. Primary osteoblasts showed decreased ALP and mineralization. Constitutive TβRI activation increased osteoclast differentiation. qPCR analysis showed that Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11b ratio, Ctsk, Sufu, and Csf1 were increased whereas Runx2, Ptch1, and Ptch2 were decreased in Mx1;TβRICA femurs. Interestingly, Gli1, Wnt3a, Sp7, Alpl, Ptch1, Ptch2, and Shh mRNA expression were reduced whereas Tnfsf11/Tnfrsf11b ratio was increased in Mx1;TβRICA mandibles. Similarly, osteoclast-related genes were increased in Mx1;TβRICA osteoclasts whereas osteoblast-related genes were reduced in Mx1;TβRICA osteoblasts. Western blot analysis indicated that SMAD2 and SMAD3 phosphorylation was increased in Mx1;TβRICA osteoblasts, and SMAD3 phosphorylation was increased in Mx1;TβRICA osteoclasts. CTSK was increased while RUNX2 and PTCH1 was decreased in Mx1;TβRICA mice. Microindentation analysis indicated decreased hardness in Mx1;TβRICA mice. Our study indicated that Mx1;TβRICA mice were osteopenic by increasing osteoclast number and decreasing osteoblast number, possibly by suppressing Hedgehog signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Toejing
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pinyada Pho-On
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chinnatam Phetkong
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somyoth Sridurongrit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Yi X, Hu G, Yang Y, Li J, Jin J, Chang B. Role of MOTS-c in the regulation of bone metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1149120. [PMID: 37200834 PMCID: PMC10185875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1149120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), is an essential regulatory mediator of cell protection and energy metabolism and is involved in the development of specific diseases. Recent studies have revealed that MOTS-c promotes osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Furthermore, it inhibits osteoclast production and mediates the regulation of bone metabolism and bone remodeling. Exercise effectively upregulates the expression of MOTS-c, but the specific mechanism of MOTS-c regulation in bone by exercise remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviewed the distribution and function of MOTS-c in the tissue, discussed the latest research developments in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and proposed potential molecular mechanisms for the effect of exercise on the regulation of bone metabolism. This review provides a theoretical reference for establishing methods to prevent and treat skeletal metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Yi
- Social Science Research Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangxuan Hu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chang
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Chang,
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Hu Y, Huang J, Chen C, Wang Y, Hao Z, Chen T, Wang J, Li J. Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:18. [PMID: 36662065 PMCID: PMC9864083 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis (a healthy bone mass) is regulated by maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation. The regulation of physiological bone remodeling by a complex system that involves multiple cells in the skeleton is closely related to bone homeostasis. Loss of bone mass or repair of bone is always accompanied by changes in bone homeostasis. However, due to the complexity of bone homeostasis, we are currently unable to identify all the mechanisms that affect bone homeostasis. To date, bone macrophages have been considered a third cellular component in addition to osteogenic spectrum cells and osteoclasts. As confirmed by co-culture models or in vivo experiments, polarized or unpolarized macrophages interact with multiple components within the bone to ensure bone homeostasis. Different macrophage phenotypes are prone to resorption and formation of bone differently. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate bone homeostasis and concludes that macrophages can control bone homeostasis from osteoclasts, mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and the blood/vasculature system. The elaboration of these mechanisms in this narrative review facilitates the development of macrophage-based strategies for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jinghuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Zhuowen Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Junwu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
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Tjempakasari A, Suroto H, Santoso D. Osteoblastogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in chronic kidney disease patient with regular hemodialysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Data Mining and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Kidney-Tonifying Herbs on the Treatment of Renal Osteodystrophy Based on the Theory of "Kidney Governing Bones" in Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1116923. [PMID: 36238608 PMCID: PMC9552684 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) secondary to chronic kidney disease is closely associated with osteoporosis and fractures. Based on the theory of “kidney governing bones” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), treating bone diseases from the perspective of the kidney has become a basic principle of treating ROD. However, there are many kidney-tonifying herbs and their mechanisms of treating ROD are not clear. Therefore, our study intends to use data mining and network pharmacology to study the commonly used kidney-tonifying herbs, as well as their active ingredients and mechanisms of treating ROD. Methods We established a clinical ROD database by searching PubMed, CNKI, and other databases and screened out a core herbal combination of treating ROD. Furthermore, by using databases such as Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and GeneCards, we obtained active ingredients and targets of the core herbal combination and ROD targets. The STRING website and Cytoscape software were then used to obtain information on key active ingredients and key targets. Finally, we conducted GO and KEGG analyses using the Metascape website and molecular docking using the AutoDock Vina software. Results Our study eventually included 58 prescriptions and 116 herbs of treating ROD. Through data mining, we found that yin-yang-huo, du-zhong, and bu-gu-zhi (YDB) constituted a core herbal combination to treat ROD. Network pharmacology showed that YDB mainly acted on targets such as estrogen receptor alpha through active ingredients such as quercetin by mitogen-activated protein kinase and other signaling pathways. Conclusion Many ingredients, targets, and pathways are involved in the treatment of YDB for ROD. Specifically, the flavonoids contained in YDB have great potential for ROD treatment.
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Notch4 affects the proliferation and differentiation of deer antler chondrocytes through the Smad3/lncRNA27785.1 axis. Cell Signal 2022; 98:110429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szegeczki V, Perényi H, Horváth G, Hinnah B, Tamás A, Radák Z, Ábrahám D, Zákány R, Reglodi D, Juhász T. Physical Training Inhibits the Fibrosis Formation in Alzheimer's Disease Kidney Influencing the TGFβ Signaling Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1195-1209. [PMID: 33896841 PMCID: PMC8293655 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness, with several peripheral pathological signs such as accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the kidney. Alterations of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling in the kidney can induce fibrosis, thus disturbing the elimination of Aβ. Objective: A protective role of increased physical activity has been proven in AD and in kidney fibrosis, but it is not clear whether TGFβ signalization is involved in this effect. Methods: The effects of long-term training on fibrosis were investigated in the kidneys of mice representing a model of AD (B6C3-Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/J) by comparing wild type and AD organs. Alterations of canonical and non-canonical TGFβ signaling pathways were followed with PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Accumulation of collagen type I and interstitial fibrosis were reduced in kidneys of AD mice after long-term training. AD induced the activation of canonical and non-canonical TGFβ pathways in non-trained mice, while expression levels of signal molecules of both TGFβ pathways became normalized in trained AD mice. Decreased amounts of phosphoproteins with molecular weight corresponding to that of tau and the cleaved C-terminal of AβPP were detected upon exercising, along with a significant increase of PP2A catalytic subunit expression. Conclusion: Our data suggest that physical training has beneficial effects on fibrosis formation in kidneys of AD mice and TGFβ signaling plays a role in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Szegeczki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Helga Perényi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Horváth
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hinnah
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ábrahám
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Li C, Zhang S, Chen X, Ji J, Yang W, Gui T, Gai Z, Li Y. Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p. Commun Biol 2020; 3:327. [PMID: 32581266 PMCID: PMC7314757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular calcification. However, only a few studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation under high-phosphate conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here, we show that inflammation resulting from the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway is involved in calcification in CKD rats or osteogenic medium-cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, miR-135a-5p is demonstrated to be a key regulator of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, which has been reported to be decreased in CKD rats. We further reveal that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation increases miR-135a-5p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, ultimately resulting in the attenuation of vascular inflammation and calcification in CKD rats. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation in vascular calcification, and evidence that FXR activation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Osteogenesis
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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11
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Zhang N, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhang C, Zhang K, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Human periodontal ligament stem cells on calcium phosphate scaffold delivering platelet lysate to enhance bone regeneration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41161-41172. [PMID: 35540034 PMCID: PMC9076431 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for tissue engineering applications but have received relatively little attention. Human platelet lysate (HPL) contains a cocktail of growth factors. To date, there has been no report on hPDLSC seeding on scaffolds loaded with HPL. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-chitosan scaffold loaded with HPL and investigate their effects on hPDLSC viability, osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis for the first time. hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted human teeth. Scaffolds were formed by mixing CPC powder with a chitosan solution containing HPL. Four groups were tested: CPC-chitosan + 0% HPL (control); CPC-chitosan + 2.66% HPL; CPC-chitosan + 5.31% HPL; CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL. Scanning electron microscopy, live/dead staining, CCK-8, qRT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase and bone minerals assay were applied for hPDLSCs on scaffolds. hPDLSCs attached well on CPC-chitosan scaffold. Adding 10.63% HPL into CPC increased cell proliferation and viability (p < 0.05). ALP gene expression of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 7-fold that of 0% HPL at 14 days. Runx2, OSX and Coll1 of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-3 folds those at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). ALP activity of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-fold that at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). Bone minerals synthesized by hPDLSCs for CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 3-fold that at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). This study showed that CPC-chitosan scaffold was a promising carrier for HPL delivery, and HPL in CPC exerted excellent promoting effects on hPDLSCs for bone tissue engineering for the first time. The novel hPDLSC-CPC-chitosan-HPL construct has great potential for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Charles Zhang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by vasorin through interference with TGFβ1 signaling. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109414. [PMID: 31505229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) levels are frequently observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. TGFβ1 contributes to development of medial vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia, a pathological process promoted by osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Vasorin is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in VSMCs, which is able to bind TGFβ to inhibit TGFβ signaling. Thus, the present study explored the effects of vasorin on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs. Primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated with recombinant human TGFβ1 or β-glycerophosphate without or with recombinant human vasorin or vasorin gene silencing by siRNA. As a result, TGFβ1 down-regulated vasorin mRNA expression in HAoSMCs. Vasorin supplementation inhibited TGFβ1-induced pathway activation, SMAD2 phosphorylation and downstream target genes expression in HAoSMCs. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous vasorin blunted, while vasorin knockdown augmented TGFβ1-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of HAoSMCs. In addition, phosphate down-regulated vasorin mRNA expression in HAoSMCs. Phosphate-induced TGFβ1 expression was not affected by addition of exogenous vasorin. Nonetheless, the phosphate-induced TGFβ1 signaling, osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs were all blunted by vasorin. Conversely, silencing of vasorin aggravated osteoinduction in HAoSMCs during high phosphate conditions. Aortic vasorin expression was reduced in the hyperphosphatemic klotho-hypomorphic mouse model of CKD-related vascular calcification. In conclusion, vasorin, which suppresses TGFβ1 signaling and protects against osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs, is reduced by pro-calcifying conditions. Thus, vasorin is a novel key regulator of VSMC calcification and may represent a potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification during CKD.
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