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Zhang H, Li Y, Liu Y. An updated review of the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of hederagenin and its derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374264. [PMID: 38962311 PMCID: PMC11220241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hederagenin (HG) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid that can be isolated from various medicinal herbs. By modifying the structure of HG, multiple derivatives with superior biological activities and safety profiles have been designed and synthesized. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that HG and its derivatives display multiple pharmacological activities against cancers, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, fibrotic diseases, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and depression. Previous studies have confirmed that HG and its derivatives combat cancer by exerting cytotoxicity, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, modulating autophagy, and reversing chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells, and the action targets involved mainly include STAT3, Aurora B, KIF7, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, Nrf2/ARE, Drp1, and P-gp. In addition, HG and its derivatives antagonize inflammation through inhibiting the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators by regulating inflammation-related pathways and targets, such as NF-κB, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1, and LncRNA A33/Axin2/β-catenin. Moreover, anti-pathogen, anti-metabolic disorder, anti-fibrosis, neuroprotection, and anti-depression mechanisms of HG and its derivatives have been partially elucidated. The diverse pharmacological properties of HG and its derivatives hold significant implications for future research and development of new drugs derived from HG, which can lead to improved effectiveness and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Boța M, Vlaia L, Jîjie AR, Marcovici I, Crişan F, Oancea C, Dehelean CA, Mateescu T, Moacă EA. Exploring Synergistic Interactions between Natural Compounds and Conventional Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:598. [PMID: 38794168 PMCID: PMC11123751 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current work, the synergy between natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs is comprehensively reviewed in light of current preclinical research findings. The prognosis for lung cancer patients is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 18.1%. The use of natural compounds in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs has gained significant attention as a potential novel approach in the treatment of lung cancer. The present work highlights the importance of finding more effective therapies to increase survival rates. Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option for lung cancer but it has limitations such as reduced effectiveness because cancer cells become resistant. Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants have shown promising anticancer or chemopreventive properties and their synergistic effect has been observed when combined with conventional therapies. The combined use of an anti-cancer drug and a natural compound exhibits synergistic effects, enhancing overall therapeutic actions against cancer cells. In conclusion, this work provides an overview of the latest preclinical research on medicinal plants and plant-derived compounds as alternative or complementary treatment options for lung cancer chemotherapy and discusses the potential of natural compounds in treating lung cancer with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Boța
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Lavinia Vlaia
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.B.); (L.V.)
- Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alex-Robert Jîjie
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (F.C.); (C.A.D.); (E.-A.M.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (F.C.); (C.A.D.); (E.-A.M.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flavia Crişan
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (F.C.); (C.A.D.); (E.-A.M.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Discipline of Pneumology, Department of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (F.C.); (C.A.D.); (E.-A.M.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Mateescu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumophthiology Dr. Victor Babes, 13 Gheorghe Adam Street, RO-300310 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (F.C.); (C.A.D.); (E.-A.M.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, RO-300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Xie W, Fang X, Li H, Lu X, Yang D, Han S, Bi Y. Advances in the anti-tumor potential of hederagenin and its analogs. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176073. [PMID: 37742813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Hederagenin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is widely distributed as the main pharmaceutical ingredient in various medicinal plants. Similarly as other pentacyclic triterpenoids, hederagenin has various pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, and anti-viral activities. In particular, the anti-tumor activity of hederagenin indicates its potential for development into highly effective chemotherapeutic agents. Studies revealed that hederagenin effectively suppresses the growth of various tumor cell lines in vitro and interacts with several molecular targets that play essential roles in various cellular signaling pathways. The compound suppresses transformation, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. In this review, we highlight research progress on the source, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action of hederagenin and the anti-tumor activity of its analogs by integrating and analyzing relevant domestic and international studies and providing a basis for their further development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xianhe Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Haixia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xilang Lu
- School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Song Han
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Chen GQ, Guo HY, Quan ZS, Shen QK, Li X, Luan T. Natural Products-Pyrazine Hybrids: A Review of Developments in Medicinal Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:7440. [PMID: 37959859 PMCID: PMC10649211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazine is a six-membered heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen, and many of its derivatives are biologically active compounds. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and SciFinder Scholar. The structure, biological activity, and mechanism of natural product derivatives containing pyrazine fragments reported from 2000 to September 2023 were reviewed. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. The results of research work show that pyrazine-modified natural product derivatives have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activities. Many of these derivatives exhibit stronger pharmacodynamic activity and less toxicity than their parent compounds. This review has a certain reference value for the development of heterocyclic compounds, especially pyrazine natural product derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; (G.-Q.C.); (H.-Y.G.); (Z.-S.Q.); (Q.-K.S.)
| | - Tian Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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Huang X, Shen QK, Guo HY, Li X, Quan ZS. Pharmacological overview of hederagenin and its derivatives. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1858-1884. [PMID: 37859723 PMCID: PMC10583830 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hederagenin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from plants and widely distributed in a variety of medicinal plants. By integrating and analyzing external related literature reports, the latest research progress on the pharmacological effects and structural modification of hederagenin was reviewed. Hederagenin has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-neurodegenerative, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, anti-leishmaniasis, and antiviral activities. Among them, it shows high potential in the field of anti-tumor treatment. This paper also reviews the structural modifications of hederagenin, including carboxyl group modifications and two hydroxyl group modifications. Future research on hederagenin will focus on prolonging its half-life, improving its bioavailability and structural modification to enhance its pharmacological activity, accelerating the preclinical research stage of hederagenin for it to enter the clinical research stage as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Yanji Jilin 133002 China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Yanji Jilin 133002 China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Yanji Jilin 133002 China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Yanji Jilin 133002 China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Yanji Jilin 133002 China
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Feng L, Zhu S, Ma J, Hong Y, Wan M, Qiu Q, Li H, Li J. Integrated bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology to explore the potential mechanism of Patrinia heterophylla Bunge against acute promyelocytic leukemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35151. [PMID: 37800842 PMCID: PMC10553026 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatment with arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid has greatly improved the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but may cause numerous adverse effects. Patrinia heterophylla Bunge (PHEB), commonly known as "Mu-Tou-Hui" in China, is effective in treating leukemia. However, no studies have reported the use of PHEB for APL treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anticancer mechanism of PHEB against APL. METHODS Public databases were used to search for bioactive compounds in PHEB, their potential targets, differentially expressed genes associated with APL, and therapeutic targets for APL. The core targets and signaling pathways of PHEB against APL were identified by the protein-protein interaction network, Kaplan-Meier curves, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, and compound-target-pathway network analysis. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding activity between the most active compounds and the key targets. RESULTS Quercetin and 2 other active components of PHEB may exert anti-APL effects through proteoglycans in cancer, estrogen signaling, and acute myeloid leukemia pathways. We also identified 6 core targets of the bioactive compounds of PHEB, including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MAPK3), matrix metalloproteinase-9, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and myeloperoxidase, most of which were validated to improve the 5-year survival of patients. Molecular docking results showed that the active compound bound well to key targets. CONCLUSION The results not only predict the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanisms of PHEB against APL, but also help to guide further investigation into the anti-APL application of PHEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Feng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Gansu Province Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Meixia Wan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu, P. R. China
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Hou W, Dai W, Huang H, Liu SL, Liu J, Huang LJ, Huang XH, Zeng JL, Gan ZW, Zhang ZY, Lan JX. Pharmacological activity and mechanism of pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115544. [PMID: 37300915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles are common in the structure of drugs used clinically to deal with diseases. Such drugs usually contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which possess electron-accepting capacity and can form hydrogen bonds. These properties often bring enhanced target binding ability to these compounds when compared to alkanes. Pyrazine is a nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic ring and many of its derivatives are identified as bioactive molecules. We review here the most active pyrazine compounds in terms of their structure, activity in vitro and in vivo (mainly antitumor activity) and the reported mechanisms of action. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SciFinder Scholar. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. We found that compounds in which a pyrazine ring was fused into other heterocycles especially pyrrole or imidazole were the highly studied pyrazine derivatives, whose antineoplastic activity had been widely investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of pyrazine derivatives and their bioactivity, especially their antitumor activity. This review should be useful for those engaged in development of medications based on heterocyclic compounds especially those based on pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun-Lin Zeng
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
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Ye H, He B, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Feng Y, Wen C, Xi C, Feng Q. Herb-symptom analysis of Erchen decoction combined with Xiebai powder formula and its mechanism in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1117238. [PMID: 37274103 PMCID: PMC10235815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the incidence and mortality rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased significantly. Erchen Decoction combined with Xiebai Powder (ECXB) formula is mainly used to treat lung diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the active ingredients of ECXB formula, COPD treatment-related molecular targets, and the mechanisms are still unclear. To reveal its underlying action of mechanism, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation approaches were used to predict the active ingredients and potential targets of ECXB formula in treating COPD. As a result, Herb-Symptom analysis showed that the symptoms treated by both TCM and modern medicine of ECXB formula were similar to the symptoms of COPD. Network pharmacology identified 170 active ingredients with 137 targets, and 7,002 COPD targets was obtained. 120 targets were obtained by intersection mapping, among which the core targets include MAPK8, ESR1, TP53, MAPK3, JUN, RELA, MAPK1, and AKT1. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that ECXB formula might exert its treat COPD pharmacological effects in multiple biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and synaptic connections, and ECXB formula treated COPD of the KEGG potential pathways might be associated with the TNF signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that ECXB formula treatment COPD core active ingredients can bind well to core targets. MD simulations showed that the RELA-beta-sitosterol complex and ESR1-stigmasterol complex exhibited higher conformational stability and lower interaction energy, further confirming the role of ECXB formula in the treatment of COPD through these core components and core targets. Our study analyzed the medication rule of ECXB formula in the treatment of COPD from a new perspective and found that the symptoms treated by both TCM and modern medicine of ECXB formula were similar to the symptoms of COPD. ECXB formula could treat COPD through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic effects, providing a scientific basis for further study on the mechanism of ECXB formula treatment of COPD. It also provides new ideas for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Beibei He
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Pharmaceutics Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbiao Wen
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongcheng Xi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Thoithoisana Devi S, Devika Chanu K, Singh NB, Chaudhary SK, Keithellakpam OS, Singh KB, Mukherjee PK, Sharma N. Chemical Profiling and Therapeutic Evaluation of Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Terminalia chebula Fruits Collected from Different Locations in Manipur against Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072901. [PMID: 37049666 PMCID: PMC10096451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam. Combretaceae), locally called Manahei, is a well-known medicinal plant that grows wildly in Manipur, a Northeastern state of India. It is used as a mild laxative, an anti-inflammatory agent, and a remedy for piles, colds, and ulcers by ethnic communities of the state. The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from four fruit samples of T. chebula collected from different locations in Manipur were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for their chemical constituents and evaluated for their anticancer activity against the colon cancer cell HCT 116. GC-MS analysis results indicated significant variation in the composition and percentage of major compounds present in the extracts. 1,2,3-Benzenetriol was the most abundant chemical constituent present in all four extracts of T. chebula, ranging from 20.95 to 43.56%. 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and catechol were commonly present in all extracts. Two marker compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid, were also quantified usingHPTLC in all four extracts of T. chebula. The highest content of gallic acid (22.44 ± 0.056 µg/mg of dried extract) was observed in TCH, and that of ellagic acidwas found in TYH (11.265 ± 0.089 µg/mg of dried extract). The IC50 value of TYH for the DPPH and ABTS assays (12.16 ± 0.42 and 7.80 ± 0.23 µg/mL) was found to be even lower than that of Trolox (18 ± 0.44 and 10.15 ± 0.24 µg/mL), indicating its strong antioxidant properties among the four extracts of T. chebula. The MTT assay determined the effect of T. chebula extracts on the viability of HCT 116 cells. TYH showed the highest activity with anIC50 value of 52.42 ± 0.87 µg/mL, while the lowest activity was observed in TCH (172.05 ± 2.0 µg/mL). The LDH assay confirmed the cytotoxic effect of TYH in HCT 116 cells. TYH was also found to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCT 116 cells after 48 h of treatment. Our study provides insight into the diversity of T. chebula in Manipur and its potential activity against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soibam Thoithoisana Devi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
- Department of Zoology, Manipur University (MU), Imphal 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Khaidem Devika Chanu
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Nameirakpam Bunindro Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Ojit Singh Keithellakpam
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | | | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8974622314
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10
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Shu Y, Li F, Han Y, Wang P, Gao F, Yan M, Liang M, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Ding X, Lei H. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel betulonic acid-diazine derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Front Chem 2022; 10:969770. [PMID: 36147251 PMCID: PMC9486541 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.969770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the purpose to improve antiproliferative activity, 26 new betulonic acid-diazine derivatives were designed and synthesized from betulinic acid. The anticancer activity of these semi-synthetic compounds was evaluated by MTT assay in both tumor cell lines and normal cell line. The results indicated that majority of new compounds exhibited improved antitumor activity compared with the parent compound betulonic acid. Compound BoA2C, in particular, had the most significant action with IC50 value of 3.39 μM against MCF-7 cells, while it showed lower cytotoxicity on MDCK cell line than cisplatin. Furthermore, we discovered that BoA2C strongly increased MCF-7 cell damage mostly by influencing arginine and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed. The results of this study suggested that the introduction of different diazines at C-28 could selectively inhibit different kinds of cancer cells and might be an effective way to synthesize potent anticancer lead compound from betulonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaotian Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Ma, ; Yuzhong Zhang, ; Xia Ding, ; Haimin Lei ,
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Ma, ; Yuzhong Zhang, ; Xia Ding, ; Haimin Lei ,
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Ma, ; Yuzhong Zhang, ; Xia Ding, ; Haimin Lei ,
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Ma, ; Yuzhong Zhang, ; Xia Ding, ; Haimin Lei ,
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11
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Huang W, Wang Y, Xu S, Qiao H, Cheng H, Wang L, Liu S, Tian Q, Wang R, Wang H, Bi Y. Design, synthesis, and tumor drug resistance reversal activity of novel hederagenin derivatives modified by nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Wang B, Liu S, Huang W, Ma M, Chen X, Zeng W, Liang K, Wang H, Bi Y, Li X. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of hederagenin derivatives with improved aqueous solubility and tumor resistance reversal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113107. [PMID: 33360797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a major obstacle to malignancies treatment by chemotherapeutic drugs, therefore, it is important to develop MDR reversal agents with high activity. We have previously found that the hederagenin (HD) derivative HBQ showed good tumor MDR reversal activity in vitro and in vivo but had poor solubility. In this study, to enhance the aqueous solubility and tumor MDR reversal activity of HBQ, three series of HD derivatives were designed and synthesized. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-substituted, PEGylated, and ring-A substituted derivatives significantly reversed the MDR phenotype of KBV (multidrug-resistant oral epidermoid carcinoma) cells toward paclitaxel at a concentration of 10 μM in MTT assays. The PEGylated derivatives 10c-10e had increased aqueous solubility compared with HBQ by 18-657 fold, while maintaining tumor MDR reversal activity. The most in vitro active compound 10c possessed good chemical stability to an esterase over 24 h and enhanced the sensitivity of KBV cells to paclitaxel and vincristine with IC50 values of 4.58 and 0.79 nM, respectively. Mechanism studies indicated that compound 10c increased the accumulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates rhodamine 123 and Flutax1 in KBV cells and MCF-7T (paclitaxel-resistant breast carcinoma) cells, that is to say, compound 10c exerted the reversal effect of tumor MDR by inhibiting the efflux function of P-gp. Finally, the structure-activity relationships were further investigated by analyzing the relationship between structure and tumor MDR reversal activity of HD derivatives. This study highlights the potential of PEGylated HD derivatives such as compound 10c for the development of tumor MDR reversal agents and provides information for the further improvement of the aqueous solubility and tumor MDR reversal activity of HD derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Wentao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Mengxin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Kaicheng Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
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Betulinic Acid-Nitrogen Heterocyclic Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Evaluation in Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040948. [PMID: 32093264 PMCID: PMC7070564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA) is a star member of the pentacyclic triterpenoid family, which exhibits great prospects for antitumor drug development. In an attempt to develop novel antitumor candidates, 21 BA-nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives were synthetized, in addition to four intermediates, 23 of which were first reported. Moreover, they were screened for in-vitro cytotoxicity against four tumor cell lines (Hela, HepG-2, BGC-823 and SK-SY5Y) by a standard methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The majority of these derivatives showed much stronger cytotoxic activity than BA. Remarkably, the most potent compound 7e (the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of which was 2.05 ± 0.66 μM) was 12-fold more toxic in vitro than BA-treated Hela. Furthermore, multiple fluorescent staining techniques and flow cytometry collectively revealed that compound 7e could induce the early apoptosis of Hela cells. Structure–activity relationships were also briefly discussed. The present study highlighted the importance of introducing nitrogen heterocyclic rings into betulinic acid in the discovery and development of novel antitumor agents.
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Cai D, Qi J, Yang Y, Zhang W, Zhou F, Jia X, Guo W, Huang X, Gao F, Chen H, Li T, Li G, Wang P, Zhang Y, Lei H. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Diosgenin-Amino Acid Derivatives with Dual Functions of Neuroprotection and Angiogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224025. [PMID: 31703284 PMCID: PMC6891328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin, a natural product with steroidal structure, has a wide range of clinical applications in China. It also shows great potential in the treatment of blood clots and nerve damage. To enhance the bioavailability as well as efficacy of diosgenin, eighteen diosgenin-amino acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were evaluated by SH-SY5Y cell line and the biosafety was evaluated by H9c2 cell line. The results displayed that part of the derivatives' activities (EC50 < 20 μM) were higher than positive control edaravone (EC50 = 21.60 ± 3.04 μM), among which, DG-15 (EC50 = 6.86 ± 0.69 μM) exhibited the best neuroprotection. Meanwhile, biosafety evaluation showed that DG-15 had no cytotoxicity on H9c2 cell lines. Interestingly, combined neuroprotective and cytotoxic results, part of the derivatives without their protecting group were superior to compounds with protecting group. Subsequently, Giemsa staining and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining indicated that DG-15 had a protective effect on damaged SH-SY5Y cells by reducing apoptosis. Moreover, DG-15 showed a higher role in promoting angiogenesis at high concentrations (4 mg/mL) on the chorioallantoic membrane model. This finding displayed that DG-15 had dual functions of neuroprotection and angiogenesis, which provided further insight into designing agent for the application in treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-10-8473-8645 (H.L.)
| | - Haimin Lei
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-10-8473-8645 (H.L.)
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15
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Synthesis of Novel Baicalein Amino Acid Derivatives and Biological Evaluation as Neuroprotective Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203647. [PMID: 31601055 PMCID: PMC6832219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a famously effective component of the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Huang Qin (Scutellaria altissima L.), has been proved to have potent neuroprotection and anti-platelet aggregation effects with few side effects. Meanwhile, recent studies have revealed that the introduction of amino acid to baicalein could improve its neuroprotective activity. In the present study, a series of novel baicalein amino acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and screened for their neuroprotective effect against tert-butyl, hydroperoxide-induced, SH-SY5Y neurotoxicity cells and toxicity on the normal H9C2 cell line by standard methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In addition, all of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). The results showed that most of the compounds provided more potent neuroprotection than baicalein, and were equivalent to the positive drug edaravin. They showed no obvious cytotoxicity on normal H9C2 cells. Notably, the most active compound 8 displayed the highest protective effect (50% effective concentration (EC50) = 4.31 μM) against tert-butyl, hydroperoxide-induced, SH-SY5Y neurotoxicity cells, which was much better than the baicalein (EC50 = 24.77 μM) and edaravin (EC50 = 5.62 μM). Further research on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model indicated that compound 8 could significantly increase angiogenesis, which might promote neurovascular proliferation. The detection of apoptosis analysis showed that compound 8 could dramatically alleviate morphological manifestations of cell damage. Moreover, the benzyloxycarbonyl (cbz)-protected baicalein amino acid derivatives showed better neuroprotective activity than the t-Butyloxy carbonyl (boc)-protected derivatives.
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16
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel H6 analogues as drug resistance reversal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:364-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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