1
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Yamaguchi K, Shimizu H, Takahashi K, Nagatomo T, Nishimura T, Matsumoto M, Koshizuka T, Mori H, Inoue N, Torikai M. Characterization of epitopes of human monoclonal antibodies against cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B for neutralization and antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Vaccine 2023; 41:4497-4507. [PMID: 37321896 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss and significant neurological disabilities in children, the development of CMV vaccines should be given the highest public health priority. Although MF59-adjuvanted glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine (gB/MF59) is safe and immunogenic, its efficacy in terms of protection from natural infection was around 50 % in clinical trials. Although gB/MF59 induced high antibody titers, anti-gB antibodies contributed little to the neutralization of infection. Recent studies have found that non-neutralizing functions, including antibody-dependent phagocytosis of virions and virus-infected cells, are likely to play important roles in pathogenesis and vaccine design. Previously, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that reacted with the trimeric form of gB ectodomain and found that preferential epitopes for neutralization were present on Domains (Doms) I and II of gB, while there were abundant non-neutralizing antibodies targeting Dom IV. In this study, we analyzed the phagocytosis activities of these MAbs and found the following: 1) MAbs effective for phagocytosis of the virions targeted Doms I and II, 2) the MAbs effective for phagocytosis of the virions and those of virus-infected cells were generally distinct, and 3) the antibody-dependent phagocytosis showed little correlation with neutralizing activities. Taking account of the frequency and levels of neutralization and phagocytosis, incorporation of the epitopes on Doms I and II into developing vaccines is considered desirable for the prevention of viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keita Takahashi
- Microbiology & Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuo Koshizuka
- Microbiology & Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mori
- Kikuchi Research Center, KM Biologics Co., Ltd, Japan
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Microbiology & Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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2
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Nuévalos M, García-Ríos E, Mancebo FJ, Martín-Martín C, Pérez-Romero P. Novel monoclonal antibody-based therapies: implications for the treatment and prevention of HCMV disease. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:480-497. [PMID: 36624009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen worldwide. Although HCMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, it can cause severe or even life-threatening symptoms in immunocompromised patients. Due to limitations of antiviral treatments, it is necessary to search for new therapeutic alternatives. Recent studies have highlighted the contribution of antibodies in protecting against HCMV disease, including neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies. Given the immunocompromised target population, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may represent an alternative to the clinical management of HCMV infection. In this context, we provide a synthesis of recent data revising the literature supporting and arguing about the role of the humoral immunity in controlling HCMV infection. Additionally, we review the state of the art in the development of therapies based on mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Nuévalos
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estéfani García-Ríos
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain; Department of Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia-VIU, 46002 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Mancebo
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Martín-Martín
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Romero
- National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Okamoto M, Kurino R, Miura R, Takada K. A fully human neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting a highly conserved epitope of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285672. [PMID: 37192198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus causes severe diseases in children (by congenital infection) and immunocompromised patients. Treatment with antiviral agents, such as ganciclovir, is limited by their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a fully human neutralizing monoclonal antibody to inhibit human cytomegalovirus infection and viral cell-to-cell spread. We isolated a potent neutralizing antibody, EV2038 (IgG1 lambda), targeting human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B using Epstein-Barr virus transformation. This antibody inhibited human cytomegalovirus infection by all four laboratory strains and 42 Japanese clinical isolates, including ganciclovir-resistant isolates, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 0.013 to 0.105 μg/mL, and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) ranging from 0.208 to 1.026 μg/mL, in both human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. Additionally, EV2038 prevented cell-to-cell spread of eight clinical viral isolates, with IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 3.1 μg/mL, and IC90 values ranging from 13 to 19 μg/mL, in ARPE-19 cells. EV2038 recognized three discontinuous sequences on antigenic domain 1 of glycoprotein B (amino acids 549-560, 569-576, and 625-632), which were highly conserved among 71 clinical isolates from Japan and the United States. Pharmacokinetics study in cynomolgus monkeys suggested the potential efficacy of EV2038 in vivo, the concentration of which in serum remained higher than the IC90 values of cell-to-cell spread until 28 days after intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg EV2038. Our data strongly support EV2038 as a promising candidate and novel alternative for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Okamoto
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rika Kurino
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryu Miura
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takada
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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4
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Mokhtary P, Pourhashem Z, Mehrizi AA, Sala C, Rappuoli R. Recent Progress in the Discovery and Development of Monoclonal Antibodies against Viral Infections. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081861. [PMID: 36009408 PMCID: PMC9405509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the new revolutionary class of medications, are fast becoming tools against various diseases thanks to a unique structure and function that allow them to bind highly specific targets or receptors. These specialized proteins can be produced in large quantities via the hybridoma technique introduced in 1975 or by means of modern technologies. Additional methods have been developed to generate mAbs with new biological properties such as humanized, chimeric, or murine. The inclusion of mAbs in therapeutic regimens is a major medical advance and will hopefully lead to significant improvements in infectious disease management. Since the first therapeutic mAb, muromonab-CD3, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986, the list of approved mAbs and their clinical indications and applications have been proliferating. New technologies have been developed to modify the structure of mAbs, thereby increasing efficacy and improving delivery routes. Gene delivery technologies, such as non-viral synthetic plasmid DNA and messenger RNA vectors (DMabs or mRNA-encoded mAbs), built to express tailored mAb genes, might help overcome some of the challenges of mAb therapy, including production restrictions, cold-chain storage, transportation requirements, and expensive manufacturing and distribution processes. This paper reviews some of the recent developments in mAb discovery against viral infections and illustrates how mAbs can help to combat viral diseases and outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Mokhtary
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Zeinab Pourhashem
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Akram Abouei Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Claudia Sala
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Monoclonal Antibody Discovery Laboratory, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (R.R.)
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5
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Recent progress in development of monoclonal antibodies against human cytomegalovirus. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 52:166-173. [PMID: 34952264 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that can cause permanent childhood disabilities following in utero infection and life threatening diseases in immune-compromised individuals such as those post transplantation. Without an effective vaccine, small molecule antiviral drugs are routinely used in high-risk transplant recipients, but the effectiveness of which is limited by side effects and drug resistance. The potentials of antibody-based passive immune therapies alone or in combination with the small molecule antivirals to treat or prevent HCMV infection have been actively studied. In this review, we focus on the recent publications on identification and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that have the potential to be developed as anti-HCMV therapies. We review the progress in clinical evaluation of antibody-based therapies to prevent HCMV-associated diseases.
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A conditionally replication-defective cytomegalovirus vaccine elicits potent and diverse functional monoclonal antibodies in a phase I clinical trial. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:79. [PMID: 34078915 PMCID: PMC8172929 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A conditionally replication-defective human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccine, V160, was shown to be safe and immunogenic in a two-part, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial (NCT01986010). However, the specificities and functional properties of V160-elicited antibodies remain undefined. Here, we characterized 272 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from single memory B cells of six V160-vaccinated subjects. The mAbs bind to diverse HCMV antigens, including multiple components of the pentamer, gB, and tegument proteins. The most-potent neutralizing antibodies target the pentamer-UL subunits. The binding sites of the antibodies overlap with those of antibodies responding to natural HCMV infection. The majority of the neutralizing antibodies target the gHgL subunit. The non-neutralizing antibodies predominantly target the gB and pp65 proteins. Sequence analysis indicated that V160 induced a class of gHgL antibodies expressing the HV1-18/KV1-5 germline genes in multiple subjects. This study provides valuable insights into primary targets for anti-HCMV antibodies induced by V160 vaccination.
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7
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Xia W, Yan H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Gao W, Lv C, Wang W, Liu Z. Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Inducing Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649690. [PMID: 33936007 PMCID: PMC8079719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the primary cause of congenital infections. Despite its clinical significance, congenital HCMV infection is frequently overlooked clinically since most affected infants are asymptomatic. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most widely known disorders caused by congenital HCMV infection. The potential mechanism, however, remains unknown to date. The mechanism by which congenital HCMV infection induces sensorineural deafness has been partly characterized, leading to advancements in diagnosis, therapy, and prevention strategies. HCMV-induced hearing loss primarily involves immune responses, the release of inflammatory factors by natural killer (NK) cells, apoptosis of cochlear spiral ganglion, and potential changes due to vascular dysfunction. The diagnosis of HCMV induced SNHL includes serological examination to mothers, imaging, and amniotic fluid examination. Ganciclovir, mainly used for antiviral therapy and behavioral prevention, can, to some degree, prevent congenital HCMV infection. The role of HCMV infection in hearing loss needs further investigation since the mechanism of hearing loss caused by cytomegalovirus infection is not well understood. Although some advancement has been made in diagnosing and treating SNHL, more improvement is needed. A comprehensive understanding of cytomegalovirus’s pathogenesis is of key importance for preventing, diagnosing, and treating SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changning Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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8
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Siddiqui S, Hackl S, Ghoddusi H, McIntosh MR, Gomes AC, Ho J, Reeves MB, McLean GR. IgA binds to the AD-2 epitope of glycoprotein B and neutralizes human cytomegalovirus. Immunology 2021; 162:314-327. [PMID: 33283275 PMCID: PMC7884650 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that is potentially pathogenic in immunosuppressed individuals and pregnant females during primary infection. The HCMV envelope glycoprotein B (gB) facilitates viral entry into all cell types and induces a potent immune response. AD-2 epitope is a highly conserved linear neutralizing epitope of gB and a critical target for antibodies; however, only 50% of sero-positive individuals make IgG antibodies to this site and IgA responses have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to compare IgG and IgA responses against gB and the AD-2 epitope in naturally exposed individuals and those receiving a recombinant gB/MF59 adjuvant vaccine. Thus, vaccination of sero-positive individuals improved pre-existing gB-specific IgA and IgG levels and induced de novo gB-specific IgA and IgG responses in sero-negative recipients. Pre-existing AD-2 IgG and IgA responses were boosted with vaccination, but de novo AD-2 responses were not detected. Naturally exposed individuals had dominant IgG responses towards gB and AD-2 compared with weaker and variable IgA responses, although a significant IgA binding response to AD-2 was observed within human breastmilk samples. All antibodies binding AD-2 contained kappa light chains, whereas balanced kappa/lambda light chain usage was found for those binding to gB. V region-matched AD-2-specific recombinant IgG and IgA bound both to gB and to AD-2 and neutralized HCMV infection in vitro. Overall, these results indicate that although human IgG responses dominate, IgA class antibodies against AD-2 are a significant component of human milk, which may function to protect neonates from HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Siddiqui
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research CentreLondon Metropolitan UniversityLondonUK
| | - Sarah Hackl
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research CentreLondon Metropolitan UniversityLondonUK
| | - Hamid Ghoddusi
- Microbiology Research UnitLondon Metropolitan UniversityLondonUK
| | - Megan R. McIntosh
- Institute for Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ariane C. Gomes
- Institute for Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joshua Ho
- Institute for Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew B. Reeves
- Institute for Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gary R. McLean
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research CentreLondon Metropolitan UniversityLondonUK,National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Acosta E, Bowlin T, Brooks J, Chiang L, Hussein I, Kimberlin D, Kauvar LM, Leavitt R, Prichard M, Whitley R. Advances in the Development of Therapeutics for Cytomegalovirus Infections. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:S32-S44. [PMID: 32134483 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutics for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, while progressing, has not matched the pace of new treatments of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections; nevertheless, recent developments in the treatment of CMV infections have resulted in improved human health and perhaps will encourage the development of new therapeutic approaches. First, the deployment of ganciclovir and valganciclovir for both the prevention and treatment of CMV infections and disease in transplant recipients has been further improved with the licensure of the efficacious and less toxic letermovir. Regardless, late-onset CMV disease, specifically pneumonia, remains problematic. Second, the treatment of congenital CMV infections with valganciclovir has beneficially improved both hearing and neurologic outcomes, both fundamental advances for these children. In these pediatric studies, viral load was decreased but not eliminated. Thus, an important lesson learned from studies in both populations is the need for new antiviral agents and the necessity for combination therapies as has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of HIV infections, among others. The development of monoclonal antibodies, sirtuins, and cyclopropovir may provide new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Acosta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Kimberlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Prichard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Alsaegh MA, Varma SR, Altaie AM, Zhu S. Human cytomegalovirus is present in the odontogenic epithelium of ameloblastoma. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1874699. [PMID: 33537117 PMCID: PMC7832985 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1874699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The factor behind the activation of the remnant odontogenic tissues and development of odontogenic cysts and tumors is poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in dentigerous cyst (DC), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and ameloblastoma (AB). Methods: The study included 41 samples, which distributed into DC (n=13), OKC (n=12), and AB (n=16). Conventional PCR assay and IHC analysis were used to detect the HCMV-DNA and HCMV glycoprotein B (HCMV-gB) respectively. Results: HCMV-DNA was detected in 10 samples (62.5%) of AB, four samples (30.8%) of DC, and three samples (25 %) of OKC respectively (χ2 test = 1.195, p= 0.247). Meanwhile, HCMV-gB was found in 12 (75%) of AB, in 2 (15.4%) of DC, and absent in OKC (0.0%) (χ2 test = 4.122, p= 0.042). Conclusions: The high prevalence of HCMV inside the odontogenic epithelium of AB could indicate a possible role of the virus in the oncogenesis and/or oncomodulation of the AB. Additionally, we recommend the IHC for the detection of HCMV in the odontogenic tumors like AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sudhir Rama Varma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Sharjah Medical Research Institute, Medical College, Sharjah University, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shengrong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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11
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Schleiss MR. The Value of Hyperimmune Globulin in Pregnancies Complicated by Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Continuing Saga. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1499-1501. [PMID: 31628841 PMCID: PMC7486836 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schleiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Goodwin ML, Webster HS, Wang HY, Jenks JA, Nelson CS, Tu JJ, Mangold JF, Valencia S, Pollara J, Edwards W, McLellan JS, Wrapp D, Fu TM, Zhang N, Freed DC, Wang D, An Z, Permar SR. Specificity and effector functions of non-neutralizing gB-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from healthy individuals with human cytomegalovirus infection. Virology 2020; 548:182-191. [PMID: 32838941 PMCID: PMC7447913 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection. A glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine (gB/MF59) is the most efficacious clinically tested to date, having achieved 50% protection against primary infection of HCMV-seronegative women. We previously identified that gB/MF59 vaccination primarily elicits non-neutralizing antibody responses, with variable binding to gB genotypes, and protection associated with binding to membrane-associated gB. We hypothesized that gB-specific non-neutralizing antibody binding breadth and function are dependent on epitope and genotype specificity, and ability to interact with membrane-associated gB. We mapped twenty-four gB-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from naturally HCMV-infected individuals for gB domain specificity, genotype preference, and ability to mediate phagocytosis or NK cell activation. gB-specific mAbs were primarily specific for Domain II and demonstrated variable binding to gB genotypes. Two mAbs facilitated phagocytosis with binding specificities of Domain II and AD2. This investigation provides novel understanding on the relationship between gB domain specificity and antigenic variability on gB-specific antibody effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Goodwin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Helen S Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody S Nelson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua J Tu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jesse F Mangold
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tong-Ming Fu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA; Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - Dai Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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13
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Ye X, Su H, Wrapp D, Freed DC, Li F, Yuan Z, Tang A, Li L, Ku Z, Xiong W, Jaijyan D, Zhu H, Wang D, McLellan JS, Zhang N, Fu TM, An Z. Recognition of a highly conserved glycoprotein B epitope by a bivalent antibody neutralizing HCMV at a post-attachment step. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008736. [PMID: 32745149 PMCID: PMC7425986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the main causative agents of congenital viral infection in neonates. HCMV infection also causes serious morbidity and mortality among organ transplant patients. Glycoprotein B (gB) is a major target for HCMV neutralizing antibodies, yet the underlying neutralization mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we report that 3–25, a gB-specific monoclonal antibody previously isolated from a healthy HCMV-positive donor, efficiently neutralized 14 HCMV strains in both ARPE-19 cells and MRC-5 cells. The core epitope of 3–25 was mapped to a highly conserved linear epitope on antigenic domain 2 (AD-2) of gB. A 1.8 Å crystal structure of 3–25 Fab in complex with the peptide epitope revealed the molecular determinants of 3–25 binding to gB at atomic resolution. Negative-staining electron microscopy (EM) 3D reconstruction of 3–25 Fab in complex with de-glycosylated postfusion gB showed that 3–25 Fab fully occupied the gB trimer at the N-terminus with flexible binding angles. Functionally, 3–25 efficiently inhibited HCMV infection at a post-attachment step by interfering with viral membrane fusion, and restricted post-infection viral spreading in ARPE-19 cells. Interestingly, bivalency was required for HCMV neutralization by AD-2 specific antibody 3–25 but not the AD-4 specific antibody LJP538. In contrast, bivalency was not required for HCMV binding by both antibodies. Taken together, our results reveal the structural basis of gB recognition by 3–25 and demonstrate that inhibition of viral membrane fusion and a requirement of bivalency may be common for gB AD-2 specific neutralizing antibody. HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals. However, life-threatening diseases frequently accompany HCMV infection in individuals with under-developed or compromised immune systems. Glycoprotein B antigenic domain 2 (AD-2) is a major target for HCMV-neutralizing antibodies that potentially provide immune protection. We report the structure-based study of gB recognition by a potent neutralizing antibody named 3–25 that binds a highly conserved epitope on AD-2. Functionally, 3–25 efficiently inhibited HCMV infection at a post-attachment step by interfering with viral membrane fusion, and restricted post-infection viral spreading. Furthermore, bivalency of 3–25 is required for viral neutralization but not for binding. Our findings advance understanding of gB antibody-mediated HCMV neutralization and facilitate development of gB-targeted vaccines and antibody drugs against HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ye
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hang Su
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Freed
- Merck Research Laboratory, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Merck Research Laboratory, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zihao Yuan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aimin Tang
- Merck Research Laboratory, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Leike Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dabbu Jaijyan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dai Wang
- Merck Research Laboratory, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (TMF); (ZA)
| | - Tong-Ming Fu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Merck Research Laboratory, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (TMF); (ZA)
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NZ); (TMF); (ZA)
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14
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Dibo M, Battocchio EC, dos Santos Souza LM, da Silva MDV, Banin-Hirata BK, Sapla MM, Marinello P, Rocha SP, Faccin-Galhardi LC. Antibody Therapy for the Control of Viral Diseases: An Update. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:1108-1121. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190809112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological impact of viral diseases, combined with the emergence and reemergence of some viruses, and the difficulties in identifying effective therapies, have encouraged several studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for viral infections. In this context, the use of immunotherapy for the treatment of viral diseases is increasing. One of the strategies of immunotherapy is the use of antibodies, particularly the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and multi-specific antibodies, which bind directly to the viral antigen and bring about activation of the immune system. With current advancements in science and technology, several such antibodies are being tested, and some are already approved and are undergoing clinical trials. The present work aims to review the status of mAb development for the treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dibo
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C. Battocchio
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. dos Santos Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna K. Banin-Hirata
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Milena M.M. Sapla
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Poliana Marinello
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Sérgio P.D. Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Lígia C. Faccin-Galhardi
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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