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Zhao L, Duan Y, Li Z, Li J, Li S. Unearthing the Potential Therapeutic Effects of Oxyresveratrol Based on Intrinsic Links between Pharmacological Effects: Implications for the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1063. [PMID: 39204169 PMCID: PMC11359039 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol is a stilbene compound with a simple chemical structure and various therapeutic potentials. This study summarized and analyzed the multiple pharmacological effects and mechanisms of oxyresveratrol, identifying its prominent performance in neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and anti-inflammatory activities in the intestines. By integrating the pharmacological effects of oxyresveratrol with insights from the network pharmacology and molecular docking of its interactions with targets linked to gut-liver-brain axis disorders, it has been shown that oxyresveratrol may hold promise for the treatment of gut-liver-brain axis-related disorders. The synergistic effect between various mechanisms has inspired further research and the development of oxyresveratrol's application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yan Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shunxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
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Suryaningtyas IT, Lee DS, Je JY. Brown Algae Ecklonia cava Extract Modulates Adipogenesis and Browning in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes through HO-1/Nrf2 Signaling. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:330. [PMID: 39195446 PMCID: PMC11355876 DOI: 10.3390/md22080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the anti-obesity effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Ecklonia cava (EC-ETAC) on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, focusing on its impact on adipogenesis, lipolysis, and adipose browning via the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that EC-ETAC significantly inhibited adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1) and lipogenesis-related proteins (FAS, LPL). Concurrently, EC-ETAC enhanced lipolytic markers (p-AMPK, p-HSL) and adipose browning-related proteins (UCP-1, PGC-1α), indicating its role in promoting lipolysis and adipose browning. The inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) significantly reversed these effects, underscoring the critical role of HO-1 in mediating the anti-obesity properties of EC-ETAC. Additionally, fluorescence measurements and Oil Red O staining confirmed the reduction of lipid accumulation and oxidative stress upon EC-ETAC treatment. These findings suggest that EC-ETAC exerts its anti-obesity effects by modulating the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway, which is crucial for regulating adipogenesis, lipolysis, and adipose browning. This study highlights the potential of EC-ETAC as a natural therapeutic agent for obesity management and supports further research into its clinical applications. By targeting the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway, EC-ETAC could offer a novel approach to enhancing energy expenditure and reducing fat mass, thereby improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indyaswan T. Suryaningtyas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seochun 33662, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Flori L, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Citi V, Calderone V, Martelli A. Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119276. [PMID: 37298226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called "browning". The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Li Y, Sun M, Su S, Qi X, Liu S, Pan T, Zhou L, Li Y. Tuberostemonine alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by increasing energy consumption. Chem Biol Interact 2023:110545. [PMID: 37236577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is of public concern worldwide, and it increases the probability of developing a number of comorbid diseases, including NAFLD. Recent research on obesity drugs and health demands have shown the potential of natural plant extracts for preventing and treating obesity and their lack of toxicity and treatment-related side effects. We have demonstrated that tuberostemonine (TS), an alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Stemona tuberosa Lour can inhibit intracellular fat deposition, reduce oxidative stress, increase cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and increase mitochondrial membrane potential. It effectively reduced weight gain and fat accumulation caused by a high-fat diet, and regulated liver function and blood lipid levels. Moreover, it regulate glucose metabolism and improved energy metabolism in mice. TS also decreased high-fat diet-induced obesity and improved lipid and glucose metabolism disorders in mice, with no significant side effects. In conclusion, TS was shown to be a safe alternative for obese patients and might be developed as an antiobesity and anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Mingjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Songtao Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Xinyi Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Tingli Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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Chang ZS, He ZM, Xia JB. FoxO3 Regulates the Progress and Development of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:991-1006. [PMID: 36239722 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221014140817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Investigation into the molecular mechanisms involved in aging and longevity will benefit the treatment of age-dependent diseases and the development of preventative medicine for agingrelated diseases. Current evidence has revealed that FoxO3, encoding the transcription factor (FoxO)3, a key transcription factor that integrates different stimuli in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is involved in cell differentiation, protein homeostasis, stress resistance and stem cell status, plays a regulatory role in longevity and in age-related diseases. However, the precise mechanisms by which the FoxO3 transcription factor modulates aging and promotes longevity have been unclear until now. Here, we provide a brief overview of the mechanisms by which FoxO3 mediates signaling in pathways involved in aging and aging-related diseases, as well as the current knowledge on the role of the FoxO3 transcription factor in the human lifespan and its clinical prospects. Ultimately, we conclude that FoxO3 signaling pathways, including upstream and downstream molecules, may be underlying therapeutic targets in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Shang Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong, China
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Vriend J, Klonisch T. Genes of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System Qualify as Differential Markers in Malignant Glioma of Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Origin. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1425-1452. [PMID: 35896929 PMCID: PMC10079750 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have mined public genomic datasets to identify genes coding for components of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) that may qualify as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the three major glioma types, astrocytoma (AS), glioblastoma (GBM), and oligodendroglioma (ODG). In the Sun dataset of glioma (GEO ID: GSE4290), expression of the genes UBE2S and UBE2C, which encode ubiquitin conjugases important for cell-cycle progression, distinguished GBM from AS and ODG. KEGG analysis showed that among the ubiquitin E3 ligase genes differentially expressed, the Notch pathway was significantly over-represented, whereas among the E3 ligase adaptor genes the Hippo pathway was over-represented. We provide evidence that the UPS gene contributions to the Notch and Hippo pathway signatures are related to stem cell pathways and can distinguish GBM from AS and ODG. In the Sun dataset, AURKA and TPX2, two cell-cycle genes coding for E3 ligases, and the cell-cycle gene coding for the E3 adaptor CDC20 were upregulated in GBM. E3 ligase adaptor genes differentially expressed were also over-represented for the Hippo pathway and were able to distinguish classic, mesenchymal, and proneural subtypes of GBM. Also over-expressed in GBM were PSMB8 and PSMB9, genes encoding subunits of the immunoproteasome. Our transcriptome analysis provides a strong rationale for UPS members as attractive therapeutic targets for the development of more effective treatment strategies in malignant glioma. Ubiquitin proteasome system and glioblastoma: E1-ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2-ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3-ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitinated substrates of E3 ligases may be degraded by the proteasome. Expression of genes for specific E2 conjugases, E3 ligases, and genes for proteasome subunits may serve as differential markers of subtypes of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm34, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E0J9, Canada.
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm34, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E0J9, Canada
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Lin W, Chen L, Meng W, Yang K, Wei S, Wei W, Chen J, Zhang L. C/EBPα promotes porcine pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation via mediating MSTRG.12568.2/FOXO3 trans-activation for STYX. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159206. [PMID: 35870701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As a key adipogenic marker, C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α) is also an important factor in regulating targets containing CCAAT element for transcription, whose products include coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, knowledge of the mechanism of C/EBPα affecting pre-adipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis through regulating ncRNA is still limited. In this study, we firstly conducted an investigation concerning the impact of C/EBPα knockdown on porcine pre-adipocytes by using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify the role of key ncRNAs, especially lncRNAs and their correlated mRNAs in regulating proliferation and differentiation of porcine pre-adipocytes. 97 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 4 DE lncRNAs were identified in si-C/EBPα groups compared with the si-NC groups. Meanwhile, we found C/EBPα directly target the promoter of a novel lncRNA, namely MSTRG.12568.2, which was trans-correlated with STYX (serine/threonine/tyrosine interacting protein), an important candidate gene for regulating cell proliferation. Moreover, FOXO3 (forkhead box O3) was identified as a co-regulator with MSTR.12568.2 for STYX. Overexpression and knockdown of any of the MSTRG.12568.2, STYX, and FOXO3 increased and decreased the levels of pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, respectively, which demonstrated that they played a positive role in adipogenesis of pre-adipocytes. Moreover, our results revealed that FOXO3 was necessary for MSTRG.12568.2 to trans-activate STYX. We revealed that C/EBPα regulated pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation through mediating trans-activation of MSTRG.12568.2-FOXO3 to STYX. These results provide a novel regulation signal for C/EBPα to influence porcine pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation and greatly benefit to our understanding of molecular mechanism regulating subcutaneous adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China; College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shengjuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China.
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Lv T, Ye X, Jian Z, Zhong Z, Zhang C, Yi C, Yu B. Oxyresveratrol Reduces the Migration of Human Osteosarcoma Cell U2OS via Attenuating STAT3 Activation. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor with high metastatic properties that are associated with increased mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an effective treatment for metastatic osteosarcoma. Oxyresveratrol (ORES), derived from mulberry twigs and fruits, has antitumor effects. However, it remains unknown whether ORES inhibits osteosarcoma metastasis. In this study, we determined the inhibitory effect of ORES on osteosarcoma metastasis. Key Findings: ORES attenuated the migration of U2OS cells, dose-dependently increased E-cadherin expression, and reduced N-cadherin expression in U2OS cells, indicating that ORES can inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, ORES inhibited the expression of Twist, which is associated with the downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation rescues the inhibitory effect of ORES on U2OS metastasis. Summary: Our results indicate that ORES is a potential therapeutic agent for metastatic osteosarcoma. ORES inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration by reducing EMT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiuzhang Ye
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Jian
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Zhong
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chongjing Zhang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chengqing Yi
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
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9
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Ezh2 promotes TRβ lysine methylation-mediated degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:369-377. [PMID: 34851506 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins controls various cellular functions of transcriptional regulators and participates in diverse signal transduction pathways in cancer. The thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis via its direct interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ). TRβ is involved in physiological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of target genes. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to characterize the specific PTM of TRβ is an active control mechanism for the proteasomal degradation of TRβ in transcriptional signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Based on a previous study, we predicted that the lysine methyltransferase and methylation sites of TRβ by comparing the amino acid sequences of histone H3 and TRβ. Methyl-acceptor site of TRβ was confirmed by point mutation. TRβ protein stability was evaluated by ubiquitination assay with MG132. For glucose starvation, HepG2 cells were incubated in media without D-glucose. Proliferation-related proteins were detected by western blotting. MicroRNA level and autophagy marker were measured by real-time qPCR. RESULTS The presence of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a methyltransferase of H3 lysine 27, as a methyltransferase of TRβ also revealed that direct lysine methylation and consequent stimulated protein degradation of TRβ underlies the negative correlation between Ezh2 and TRβ. Notably, glucose starvation significantly increased lysine methylation, and methylated TRβ showed further protein instability leading to an increase in the proliferation and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS TRβ functions as a tumor suppressor in various cancers; therefore, we evaluated the effect of TRβ degradation on oncogenesis during glucose starvation. These data clearly define a functional model and provide a link between metabolism and cancer by regulating methyl-dependent protein levels of tumor suppressors. Taken together, maintaining TRβ against methyl-dependent degradation is considered a possible therapeutic target for cancer progression.
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10
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Das S, Shukla N, Singh SS, Kushwaha S, Shrivastava R. Mechanism of interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer. Apoptosis 2021; 26:512-533. [PMID: 34510317 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of two programmed cell death pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis, are extensively focused areas of research in the context of cancer. Both the catabolic pathways play a significant role in maintaining cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. Autophagy facilitates this by degradation and elimination of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, while apoptosis induces canonical cell death in response to various stimuli. Ideally, both autophagy and apoptosis have a role in tumor suppression, as autophagy helps in eliminating the tumor cells, and apoptosis prevents their survival. However, as cancer proceeds, autophagy exhibits a dual role by enhancing cancer cell survival in response to stress conditions like hypoxia, thereby promoting chemoresistance to the tumor cells. Thus, any inadequacy in either of their levels can lead to tumor progression. A complex array of biomarkers is involved in maintaining coordination between the two by acting as either positive or negative regulators of one or both of these pathways of cell death. The resulting crosstalk between the two and its role in influencing the survival or death of malignant cells makes it quintessential, among other challenges facing chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In view of this, the present review aims to highlight some of the factors involved in maintaining their diaphony and stresses the importance of inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy and deletion of the intermediate pathways involved to facilitate tumor cell death. This will pave the way for future prospects in designing drug combinations facilitating the synergistic effect of autophagy and apoptosis in achieving cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Richa Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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11
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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12
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Ma P, He P, Xu CY, Hou BY, Qiang GF, DU GH. Recent developments in natural products for white adipose tissue browning. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:803-817. [PMID: 33308601 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke, heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige (brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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Status of the application of exogenous enzyme technology for the development of natural plant resources. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:429-442. [PMID: 33146790 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous enzymes are extraneous enzymes that are not intrinsic to the subject. The exogenous enzyme industry has been rapidly developing recently. Successful application of recombinant DNA amplification, high-efficiency expression, and immobilization technology to genetically engineered bacteria provides a rich source of enzymes. Amylase, cellulase, protease, pectinase, glycosidase, tannase, and polyphenol oxidase are among the most widely used such enzymes. Currently, the application of exogenous enzyme technology in the development of natural plant resources mainly focuses on improving the taste and flavor of the product, enriching the active ingredient contents, deriving and transforming the structure of a chosen compound, and enhancing the biological activity and utilization of the functional ingredient. In this review, we discuss the application status of exogenous enzyme technology for the development of natural plant resources using typical natural active ingredients from plant, such as resveratrol, steviosides, catechins, mogrosides, and ginsenosides, as examples, to provide basis for further exploitation and utilization of exogenous enzyme technology.
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Forbes-Hernández TY, Cianciosi D, Ansary J, Mezzetti B, Bompadre S, Quiles JL, Giampieri F, Battino M. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Romina) methanolic extract promotes browning in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:297-304. [PMID: 31915782 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes by pharmacological and dietary compounds has gained attention as an effective strategy to fight obesity. Strawberry bioactive compounds present several biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerotic and antiadipogenic properties. However, to the best of our knowledge, the possible role of strawberry bioactive compounds in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning has never been explored. Our results demonstrated that a strawberry methanolic extract (SE) significantly reduced 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes differentiation, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of the adipogenic transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/REB- α) and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR-γ). It also down-regulated the mRNA expression of resistin and angiotensinogen, two genes considered as markers of white adipocytes, while increased the mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) which, conversely, are brown adipocyte-specific markers. Likewise, SE stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), suggesting a possible increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. It also stimulated oxygen consumption rate and uncoupled respiration. Taken together, all these results suggest that SE induces brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 cells and may have potential therapeutic implications for treatment and/or prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo - Vigo Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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15
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Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Ranjan K, Chhipa AS, Tiwari BS, Pathak C. AGE-RAGE synergy influences programmed cell death signaling to promote cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:585-598. [PMID: 33025314 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed as a result of non-enzymatic reaction between the free reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. AGEs are predominantly synthesized during chronic hyperglycemic conditions or aging. AGEs interact with their receptor RAGE and activate various sets of genes and proteins of the signal transduction pathway. Accumulation of AGEs and upregulated expression of RAGE is associated with various pathological conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The role of AGE-RAGE signaling has been demonstrated in the progression of various types of cancer and other pathological disorders. The expression of RAGE increases manifold during cancer progression. The activation of AGE-RAGE signaling also perturbs the cellular redox balance and modulates various cell death pathways. The programmed cell death signaling often altered during the progression of malignancies. The cellular reprogramming of AGE-RAGE signaling with cell death machinery during tumorigenesis is interesting to understand the complex signaling mechanism of cancer cells. The present review focus on multiple molecular paradigms relevant to cell death particularly Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Necroptosis that are considerably influenced by the AGE-RAGE signaling in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the review also attempts to shed light on the provenience of AGE-RAGE signaling on oxidative stress and consequences of cell survival mechanism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Kishu Ranjan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Abu Sufiyan Chhipa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Budhi Sagar Tiwari
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India.
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Vohra MS, Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Parhar IS, Wong EH. Murine in vitro cellular models to better understand adipogenesis and its potential applications. Differentiation 2020; 115:62-84. [PMID: 32891960 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis has been extensively studied using in vitro models of cellular differentiation, enabling long-term regulation of fat cell metabolism in human adipose tissue (AT) material. Many studies promote the idea that manipulation of this process could potentially reduce the prevalence of obesity and its related diseases. It has now become essential to understand the molecular basis of fat cell development to tackle this pandemic disease, by identifying therapeutic targets and new biomarkers. This review explores murine cell models and their applications for study of the adipogenic differentiation process in vitro. We focus on the benefits and limitations of different cell line models to aid in interpreting data and selecting a good cell line model for successful understanding of adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, PJ 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Zhou F, Guo J, Han X, Gao Y, Chen Q, Huang W, Zhan J, Huang D, You Y. Cranberry Polyphenolic Extract Exhibits an Antiobesity Effect on High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice through Increased Thermogenesis. J Nutr 2020; 150:2131-2138. [PMID: 32533770 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts reportedly have an antiobesity effect, the exact reason for this remains unclear. OBJECTIVES In light of the reported health benefits of the polyphenolic compounds in cranberry, we investigated the effects and mechanism of a cranberry polyphenolic extract (CPE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. METHODS The distributions of individual CPE compounds were characterized by HPLC fingerprinting. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 wk old) were fed for 16 wk normal diet (ND, 10% fat energy) or HFD (60% fat energy) with or without 0.75% CPE in drinking water (HFD + CPE). Body and adipose depot weights, indices of glucose metabolism, energy expenditure (EE), and expression of genes related to brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and inguinal/epididymal white adipose tissue (iWAT/eWAT) browning were measured. RESULTS After 16 wk, the body weight was 22.5% lower in the CPE-treated mice than in the HFD group but remained 17.9% higher than in the ND group. CPE treatment significantly increased EE compared with that of the ND and HFD groups. The elevated EE was linked with BAT thermogenesis, and iWAT/eWAT browning, shown by the induction of thermogenic genes, especially uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and browning-related genes, including Cd137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (Tnfrsf9). The mRNA expression and abundance of uncoupling protein 1 in BAT of CPE-fed mice were 5.78 and 1.47 times higher than in the HFD group, and 0.61 and 1.12 times higher than in the ND group, respectively. Cd137 gene expression in iWAT and eWAT of CPE-fed mice were 2.35 and 3.13 times higher than in the HFD group, and 0.84 and 1.39 times higher than in the ND group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary CPE reduced but did not normalize HFD-induced body weight gain in male C57BL/6J mice, possibly by affecting energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Chen
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu, China
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