1
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Syryamina VN, Aisenbrey C, Kardash M, Dzuba SA, Bechinger B. Self-assembly of spin-labeled antimicrobial peptides magainin 2 and PGLa in lipid bilayers. Biophys Chem 2024; 310:107251. [PMID: 38678820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The cationic antimicrobial peptides PGLa and magainin 2 (Mag2) are known for their antimicrobial activity and synergistic enhancement in antimicrobial and membrane leakage assays. Further use of peptides in combinatory therapy requires knowledge of the mechanisms of action of both individual peptides and their mixtures. Here, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), double electron-electron resonance (DEER, also known as PELDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies were applied to study self-assembly and localization of spin-labeled PGLa and Mag2 in POPE/POPG membranes with a wide range of peptide/lipid ratios (P/L) from ∼1/1500 to 1/50. EPR and DEER data showed that both peptides tend to organize in clusters, which occurs already at the lowest peptide/lipid molar ratio of 1/1500 (0.067 mol%). For individual peptides, these clusters are quite dense with intermolecular distances of the order of ∼2 nm. In the presence of a synergistic peptide partner, these homo-clusters are transformed into lipid-diluted hetero-clusters. These clusters are characterized by a local surface density that is several times higher than expected from a random distribution. ESEEM data indicate a slightly different insertion depth of peptides in hetero-clusters when compared to homo-clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria N Syryamina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Kardash
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sergei A Dzuba
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France.
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2
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Sani MA, Rajput S, Keizer DW, Separovic F. NMR techniques for investigating antimicrobial peptides in model membranes and bacterial cells. Methods 2024; 224:10-20. [PMID: 38295893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AMPs are short, mainly cationic membrane-active peptides found in all living organism. They perform diverse roles including signaling and acting as a line of defense against bacterial infections. AMPs have been extensively investigated as templates to facilitate the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. Understanding the interplay between these membrane-active peptides and the lipid membranes is considered to be a significant step in elucidating the specific mechanism of action of AMPs against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to aid the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of various NMR techniques commonly used for studying AMP structure and AMP-membrane interactions in model membranes and whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sunnia Rajput
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David W Keizer
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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3
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Werby SH, Brčić J, Chosy MB, Sun J, Rendell JT, Neville LF, Wender PA, Cegelski L. Detection of intact vancomycin-arginine as the active antibacterial conjugate in E. coli by whole-cell solid-state NMR. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1192-1198. [PMID: 37360389 PMCID: PMC10285746 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of new and improved antibacterial agents based on facile synthetic modifications of existing antibiotics represents a promising strategy to deliver urgently needed antibacterial candidates to treat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Using this strategy, vancomycin was transformed into a highly active agent against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative organisms in vitro and in vivo through the addition of a single arginine to yield vancomycin-arginine (V-R). Here, we report detection of the accumulation of V-R in E. coli by whole-cell solid-state NMR using 15N-labeled V-R. 15N CPMAS NMR revealed that the conjugate remained fully amidated without loss of arginine, demonstrating that intact V-R represents the active antibacterial agent. Furthermore, C{N}REDOR NMR in whole cells with all carbons at natural abundance 13C levels exhibited the sensitivity and selectivity to detect the directly bonded 13C-15N pairs of V-R within E. coli cells. Thus, we also present an effective methodology to directly detect and evaluate active drug agents and their accumulation within bacteria without the need for potentially perturbative cell lysis and analysis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Werby
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jasna Brčić
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Madeline B Chosy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Jiuzhi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | | | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Lynette Cegelski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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4
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Kenyaga JM, Oteino SA, Sun Y, Qiang W. In-cell 31P solid-state NMR measurements of the lipid dynamics and influence of exogeneous β-amyloid peptides on live neuroblastoma neuro-2a cells. Biophys Chem 2023; 297:107008. [PMID: 36989875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific disruption of cellular membranes induced by aggregation of exogeneous β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is considered a viable pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has been widely applied in model liposomes to provide important insights on the molecular interactions between membranes and Aβ aggregates. Yet, the feasibility of in-cell ssNMR spectroscopy to probe Aβ-membrane interactions in native cellular environments has rarely been tested. Here we report the application of in-cell31P ssNMR spectroscopy on live mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cells under moderate magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions. Both cell viability and cytoplasmic membrane integrity are retained for up to six hours under 5 kHz MAS frequency at 277 K, which allow applications of direct-polarization 31P spectroscopy and 31P spin-spin (T2) relaxation measurements. The 31P T2 relaxation time constant of N2a cells is significantly increased compared with the model liposome prepared with comparable major phospholipid compositions. With the addition of 5 μM 40-residue Aβ (Aβ1-40) peptides, the 31P T2 relaxation is instantly accelerated. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using in-cell31P ssNMR to investigate the Aβ-membrane interactions in the biologically relevant cellular system.
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5
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Sani MA, Le Brun AP, Rajput S, Attard T, Separovic F. The membrane activity of the antimicrobial peptide caerin 1.1 is pH dependent. Biophys J 2023; 122:1058-1067. [PMID: 36680343 PMCID: PMC10111263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an important class of membrane-active peptides that can provide alternatives or complements to classic antibiotics. Among the many classes of AMPs, the histidine-rich family is of particular interest since they may induce pH-sensitive interactions with cell membranes. The AMP caerin 1.1 (Cae-1), from Australian tree frogs, has three histidine residues, and thus we studied the pH dependence of its interactions with model cell membranes. Using NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we showed that Cae-1 induced greater perturbation of the lipid dynamics and water penetrations within the membrane interior in an acidic environment compared with physiological conditions. Using 31P solid-state NMR, the packing, chemical environment, and dynamics of the lipid headgroup were monitored. 2H solid-state NMR showed that Cae-1 ordered the acyl chains of the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. These results supported the molecular dynamics data, which showed that Cae-1 was mainly inserted within the lipid bilayer for both neutral and negatively charged membranes, with the charged residues pulling the water and phosphate groups inward. This could be an early step in the mechanism of membrane disruption by histidine-rich antimicrobial peptides and indicated that Cae-1 acts via a transmembrane mechanism in bilayers of neutral and anionic phospholipid membranes, especially in acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sunnia Rajput
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Troy Attard
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Kumari S, Morrow MR, Booth V. Role of lipopolysaccharide in antimicrobial and cell penetrating peptide membrane interactions probed by deuterium NMR of whole cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022:184053. [PMID: 36155053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how non-lipid components of bacteria affect antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-induced membrane disruption is important for a comprehensive understanding of AMP mechanisms and informing AMP-based drug development. This study investigates how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects membrane disruption by the AMP MSI-78 and compares the results to the effect of TP2, a cell-penetrating peptide that crosses membrane bilayers without permeabilizing them. We destabilize the LPS layer of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells via chelation of the stabilizing divalent cations. 2H NMR spectra of E. coli demonstrate that EDTA concentrations of 2.5 mM and 9.0 mM alone have very minor effects on lipid acyl chain order. Interestingly, we find that E. coli pre-treated with 9.0 mM EDTA before treatment with MSI-78 are more sensitive to AMP-induced acyl chain disruption, indicating that intact LPS reduces MSI-78-induced membrane disruption in E. coli. Surprisingly, we also found that at the level of 2H NMR, the peptide-induced acyl chain disruption is similar for MSI-78 and TP2, although MSI-78 permeabilizes the bilayer and TP2 does not. Furthermore, LPS disruption appears to protect the bacteria from TP2, although it sensitizes them to MSI-78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Michael R Morrow
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada.
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7
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Kumari S, Morrow MR, Booth V. Role of lipopolysaccharide in antimicrobial and cell penetrating peptide membrane interactions probed by deuterium NMR of whole cells. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100057. [PMID: 37082590 PMCID: PMC10074874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how non-lipid components of bacteria affect antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-induced membrane disruption is important for a comprehensive understanding of AMP mechanisms and informing AMP-based drug development. This study investigates how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects membrane disruption by the AMP MSI-78 and compares the results to the effect of TP2, a cell-penetrating peptide that crosses membrane bilayers without permeabilizing them. We destabilize the LPS layer of Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells via chelation of the stabilizing divalent cations. 2H NMR spectra of E. coli demonstrate that EDTA concentrations of 2.5 mM and 9.0 mM alone have very minor effects on lipid acyl chain order. Interestingly, we find that E. coli pre-treated with 9.0 mM EDTA before treatment with MSI-78 are more sensitive to AMP-induced acyl chain disruption, indicating that intact LPS reduces MSI-78-induced membrane disruption in E. coli. Surprisingly, we also found that at the level of 2H_NMR, the peptide-induced acyl chain disruption is similar for MSI-78 and TP2, although MSI-78 permeabilizes the bilayer and TP2 does not. Furthermore, LPS disruption appears to protect the bacteria from TP2, although it sensitizes them to MSI-78.
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8
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Lin J, Sun M, Zhang J, Hu M, Zeng Y, Yi Q, Wang J, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Lu J. Solid‐state
NMR
(
SSNMR
) Characterization of Osteoblast from Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Differentiation to Osteoblast Mineralization. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10662. [PMID: 36248276 PMCID: PMC9549719 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), a technique capable of studying solid or semisolid biological samples, was first applied to study the cell differentiation and mineralization using the whole‐cell sample. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with multipotent differentiation capacity were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. The whole differentiation process, osteoblast mineralization and the mineral maturation, was investigated using SSNMR, providing intact, atomic level information on the cellular mineral structural transformation. Our research indicated the extent of osteoblast mineralization could vary significantly for different cell populations whereas the difference was not easily shown by other means of characterization. The SSNMR spectra revealed hydroxylapatite (or hydroxyapatite [HAP]) formation around 2 to 4 weeks after osteogenic induction for MSCs with a high differentiation potency. The early mineral phase deposit before HAP formation contained a high amount of HPO42−. The structures of minerals in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of osteoblasts could evolve for a period of time, even after the incubation of cells has been stopped. This observation was only possible by studying the sample in an intact state, where ECM was not disturbed. These findings improved our understanding of MSCs, which had wide applications in bone regeneration and tissue engineering. Meanwhile, this work demonstrated the advantage of studying these cellular systems as a whole without any mineral extraction, which had been largely overlooked. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Yu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ming‐Hui Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Teng Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qian‐Qian Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
| | - Jun‐Xia Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai China
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9
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Semeraro EF, Marx L, Mandl J, Letofsky-Papst I, Mayrhofer C, Frewein MPK, Scott HL, Prévost S, Bergler H, Lohner K, Pabst G. Lactoferricins impair the cytosolic membrane of Escherichia coli within a few seconds and accumulate inside the cell. eLife 2022; 11:e72850. [PMID: 35670565 PMCID: PMC9352351 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the real-time response of Escherichia coli to lactoferricin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on length scales bridging microscopic cell sizes to nanoscopic lipid packing using millisecond time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Coupling a multiscale scattering data analysis to biophysical assays for peptide partitioning revealed that the AMPs rapidly permeabilize the cytosolic membrane within less than 3 s-much faster than previously considered. Final intracellular AMP concentrations of ∼80-100 mM suggest an efficient obstruction of physiologically important processes as the primary cause of bacterial killing. On the other hand, damage of the cell envelope and leakage occurred also at sublethal peptide concentrations, thus emerging as a collateral effect of AMP activity that does not kill the bacteria. This implies that the impairment of the membrane barrier is a necessary but not sufficient condition for microbial killing by lactoferricins. The most efficient AMP studied exceeds others in both speed of permeabilizing membranes and lowest intracellular peptide concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico F Semeraro
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Lisa Marx
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Johannes Mandl
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Moritz PK Frewein
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
- Institut Laue-LangevinGrenobleFrance
| | - Haden L Scott
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUnited States
- Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeUnited States
| | | | - Helmut Bergler
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Karl Lohner
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
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10
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Kumari S, Booth V. Antimicrobial Peptide Mechanisms Studied by Whole-Cell Deuterium NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052740. [PMID: 35269882 PMCID: PMC8910884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work probing antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mechanisms has focussed on how these molecules permeabilize lipid bilayers. However, AMPs must also traverse a variety of non-lipid cell envelope components before they reach the lipid bilayer. Additionally, there is a growing list of AMPs with non-lipid targets inside the cell. It is thus useful to extend the biophysical methods that have been traditionally applied to study AMP mechanisms in liposomes to the full bacteria, where the lipids are present along with the full complexity of the rest of the bacterium. This review focusses on what can be learned about AMP mechanisms from solid-state NMR of AMP-treated intact bacteria. It also touches on flow cytometry as a complementary method for measuring permeabilization of bacterial lipid membranes in whole bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-709-864-4523
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11
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Booth V. Deuterium Solid State NMR Studies of Intact Bacteria Treated With Antimicrobial Peptides. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 2:621572. [PMID: 35047897 PMCID: PMC8757836 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.621572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid state NMR has been tremendously useful in characterizing the structure and dynamics of model membranes composed of simple lipid mixtures. Model lipid studies employing solid state NMR have included important work revealing how membrane bilayer structure and dynamics are affected by molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, solid state NMR need not be applied only to model membranes, but can also be used with living, intact cells. NMR of whole cells holds promise for helping resolve some unsolved mysteries about how bacteria interact with AMPs. This mini-review will focus on recent studies using 2H NMR to study how treatment with AMPs affect membranes in intact bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Physics and Physical Oceanograpy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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12
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Separovic F, Hofferek V, Duff AP, McConville MJ, Sani MA. In-cell DNP NMR reveals multiple targeting effect of antimicrobial peptide. J Struct Biol X 2022; 6:100074. [PMID: 36147732 PMCID: PMC9486116 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNP NMR allowed simultaneous monitoring of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids of E. coli cells. The bacterial stress response against an antimicrobial peptide was measured in situ. The antimicrobial peptide maculatin 1.1 significantly compacted nucleic acids in bacteria. Maculatin 1.1 prevented salt bridges forming between membrane lipids.
Dynamic nuclear polarization NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) maculatin 1.1 on E. coli cells. The enhanced 15N NMR signals from nucleic acids, proteins and lipids identified a number of unanticipated physiological responses to peptide stress, revealing that membrane-active AMPs can have a multi-target impact on E. coli cells. DNP-enhanced 15N-observed 31P-dephased REDOR NMR allowed monitoring how Mac1 induced DNA condensation and prevented intermolecular salt bridges between the main E. coli lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules. The latter was supported by similar results obtained using E. coli PE lipid systems. Overall, the ability to monitor the action of antimicrobial peptides in situ will provide greater insight into their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Duff
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Malcom J. McConville
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Ghassemi N, Poulhazan A, Deligey F, Mentink-Vigier F, Marcotte I, Wang T. Solid-State NMR Investigations of Extracellular Matrixes and Cell Walls of Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, and Plants. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10036-10086. [PMID: 34878762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrixes (ECMs), such as the cell walls and biofilms, are important for supporting cell integrity and function and regulating intercellular communication. These biomaterials are also of significant interest to the production of biofuels and the development of antimicrobial treatment. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and magic-angle spinning-dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) are uniquely powerful for understanding the conformational structure, dynamical characteristics, and supramolecular assemblies of carbohydrates and other biomolecules in ECMs. This review highlights the recent high-resolution investigations of intact ECMs and native cells in many organisms spanning across plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae. We spotlight the structural principles identified in ECMs, discuss the current technical limitation and underexplored biochemical topics, and point out the promising opportunities enabled by the recent advances of the rapidly evolving ssNMR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Ghassemi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Alexandre Poulhazan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Isabelle Marcotte
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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14
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Garratt RC. Protein structure, dynamics, and function-a 20th IUPAB Congress symposium. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:867-869. [PMID: 35059010 PMCID: PMC8724499 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of topics was raised by the four invited speakers who took part in the session on protein structure, dynamics, and function during the 20th IUPAB Congress. Most of the emphasis was placed on understanding the underlying biological phenomena of interest although applications in drug development were also mentioned. For both these purposes, it was clear that a complete description of the dynamics of the system was as important as the structures themselves. The subjects covered included antibiotic peptides, sodium channels, the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, and protein dynamics using X-FELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Garratt
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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15
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Overall SA, Barnes AB. Biomolecular Perturbations in In-Cell Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Experiments. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:743829. [PMID: 34751246 PMCID: PMC8572051 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.743829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In-cell DNP is a growing application of NMR to the study of biomolecular structure and function within intact cells. An important unresolved question for in-cell DNP spectroscopy is the integrity of cellular samples under the cryogenic conditions of DNP. Despite the rich literature around cryopreservation of cells in the fields of stem cell/embryonic cell therapeutics, cell line preservation and in cryo-EM applications, the effect of cryopreservation procedures on DNP parameters is unclear. In this report we investigate cell survival and apoptosis in the presence of cryopreserving agents and DNP radicals. We also assess the effects of these reagents on cellular enhancements. We show that the DNP radical AMUPol has no effect on membrane permeability and does not induce apoptosis. Furthermore, the standard aqueous glass forming reagent, comprised of 60/30/10 d8-glycerol/D2O/H2O (DNP juice), rapidly dehydrates cells and induces apoptosis prior to freezing, reducing structural integrity of the sample prior to DNP analysis. Preservation with d6-DMSO at 10% v/v provided similar DNP enhancements per √unit time compared to glycerol preservation with superior maintenance of cell size and membrane integrity prior to freezing. DMSO preservation also greatly enhanced post-thaw survival of cells slow-frozen at 1°C/min. We therefore demonstrate that in-cell DNP-NMR studies should be done with d6-DMSO as cryoprotectant and raise important considerations for the progression of in-cell DNP-NMR towards the goal of high quality structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Overall
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Solving the structural puzzle of bacterial glycome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:74-83. [PMID: 33434849 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the bacterial glycome (glycomics) is among the complex 'omics' analysis owing to the inherent difficulties in structural and functional characterization of glycans. The complexity and variability of bacterial glycans, spanning from simple carbohydrates to complex glycolipids, glycopeptides and glycoproteins, make their study a challenging research area. The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advances and development of highly sophisticated methods, in combination with optimized protocols and hyphenate techniques for the understanding of structure, conformations, dynamics and organization of microbial glycans. We here present an overview of the novel approaches that have massively improved our understanding of the carbohydrate-based world of bacteria.
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17
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Zhu S, Sani MA, Separovic F. In-Cell Solid-State NMR Analysis of Membrane Proteins. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Separovic F, Keizer DW, Sani MA. In-cell Solid-State NMR Studies of Antimicrobial Peptides. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:610203. [PMID: 35047891 PMCID: PMC8757805 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.610203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as alternatives to classic antibiotics due to their expected limited pressure on bacterial resistance mechanisms. Yet, their modes of action, in particular in vivo, remain to be elucidated. In situ atomistic-scale details of complex biomolecular assemblies is a challenging requirement for deciphering the complex modes of action of AMPs. The large diversity of molecules that modulate complex interactions limits the resolution achievable using imaging methodology. Herein, the latest advances in in-cell solid-state NMR (ssNMR) are discussed, which demonstrate the power of this non-invasive technique to provide atomic details of molecular structure and dynamics. Practical requirements for investigations of intact bacteria are discussed. An overview of recent in situ NMR investigations of the architecture and metabolism of bacteria and the effect of AMPs on various bacterial structures is presented. In-cell ssNMR revealed that the studied AMPs have a disruptive action on the molecular packing of bacterial membranes and DNA. Despite the limited number of studies, in-cell ssNMR is emerging as a powerful technique to monitor in situ the interplay between bacteria and AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Keizer
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Marc-Antoine Sani
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Kurpe SR, Grishin SY, Surin AK, Panfilov AV, Slizen MV, Chowdhury SD, Galzitskaya OV. Antimicrobial and Amyloidogenic Activity of Peptides. Can Antimicrobial Peptides Be Used against SARS-CoV-2? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9552. [PMID: 33333996 PMCID: PMC7765370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, much attention is paid to the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of natural and artificial origin to combat pathogens. AMPs have several points that determine their biological activity. We analyzed the structural properties of AMPs, as well as described their mechanism of action and impact on pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Recently published data on the development of new AMP drugs based on a combination of molecular design and genetic engineering approaches are presented. In this article, we have focused on information on the amyloidogenic properties of AMP. This review examines AMP development strategies from the perspective of the current high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the potential prospects and challenges of using AMPs against infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav R. Kurpe
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Sergei Yu. Grishin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Alexey K. Surin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Panfilov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Slizen
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Saikat D. Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India;
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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20
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Emwas AH, Szczepski K, Poulson BG, Chandra K, McKay RT, Dhahri M, Alahmari F, Jaremko L, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko M. NMR as a "Gold Standard" Method in Drug Design and Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E4597. [PMID: 33050240 PMCID: PMC7594251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying disease models at the molecular level is vital for drug development in order to improve treatment and prevent a wide range of human pathologies. Microbial infections are still a major challenge because pathogens rapidly and continually evolve developing drug resistance. Cancer cells also change genetically, and current therapeutic techniques may be (or may become) ineffective in many cases. The pathology of many neurological diseases remains an enigma, and the exact etiology and underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Viral infections spread and develop much more quickly than does the corresponding research needed to prevent and combat these infections; the present and most relevant outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, China, illustrates the critical and immediate need to improve drug design and development techniques. Modern day drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive process. Each new drug takes in excess of 10 years to develop and costs on average more than a billion US dollars. This demonstrates the need of a complete redesign or novel strategies. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has played a critical role in drug discovery ever since its introduction several decades ago. In just three decades, NMR has become a "gold standard" platform technology in medical and pharmacology studies. In this review, we present the major applications of NMR spectroscopy in medical drug discovery and development. The basic concepts, theories, and applications of the most commonly used NMR techniques are presented. We also summarize the advantages and limitations of the primary NMR methods in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Benjamin Gabriel Poulson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Ryan T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada;
| | - Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah Alahmari
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute for Research and Medical, Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.); (B.G.P.); (K.C.); (L.J.)
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21
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Mitchell W, Ng EA, Tamucci JD, Boyd KJ, Sathappa M, Coscia A, Pan M, Han X, Eddy NA, May ER, Szeto HH, Alder NN. The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7452-7469. [PMID: 32273339 PMCID: PMC7247319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many heritable diseases, acquired pathologies, and aging-related declines in health. Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides comprise a class of amphipathic tetrapeptides that are efficacious toward a wide array of mitochondrial disorders and are believed to target mitochondrial membranes because they are enriched in the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). However, little is known regarding how SS peptides interact with or alter the physical properties of lipid bilayers. In this study, using biophysical and computational approaches, we have analyzed the interactions of the lead compound SS-31 (elamipretide) with model and mitochondrial membranes. Our results show that this polybasic peptide partitions into the membrane interfacial region with an affinity and a lipid binding density that are directly related to surface charge. We found that SS-31 binding does not destabilize lamellar bilayers even at the highest binding concentrations; however, it did cause saturable alterations in lipid packing. Most notably, SS-31 modulated the surface electrostatics of both model and mitochondrial membranes. We propose nonexclusive mechanisms by which the tuning of surface charge could underpin the mitoprotective properties of SS-31, including alteration of the distribution of ions and basic proteins at the interface, and/or modulation of bilayer physical properties. As a proof of concept, we show that SS-31 alters divalent cation (calcium) distribution within the interfacial region and reduces the energetic burden of calcium stress in mitochondria. The mechanistic details of SS-31 revealed in this study will help inform the development of future compound variants with enhanced efficacy and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Emily A Ng
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Jeffrey D Tamucci
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Kevin J Boyd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Murugappan Sathappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Adrian Coscia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Nicholas A Eddy
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria LaunchLabs, New York, New York 10016
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.
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22
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Effect of AMPs MSI-78 and BP100 on the lipid acyl chains of 2H-labeled intact Gram positive bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Cheng F, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zeng F, Wang K. Inhibition of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice by Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide. J Med Food 2020; 23:584-592. [PMID: 32282259 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that Angelica sinensis, which is a famous medicinal food in China, can effectively alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. However, as the major water-soluble ingredient, the specific effects of A. sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on UC and potential mechanisms were uncertain. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the protective effects of ASP on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC and to further explore the mechanisms. ASP could significantly ameliorate the symptoms of weight loss, disease activity index score, and colon shortening caused by DSS. ASP treatment also significantly suppressed the myeloperoxidase activity in colon tissues. Furthermore, after ASP administration, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) induced by DSS was remarkably suppressed, and there was a definite improvement in the expressions of tight junction proteins, such as zona occludens 1, occludin, and claudin-1. In addition, the results of apoptosis experiments showed that the apoptotic events were noticeably reduced after ASP treatment. Taken together, these results suggested that ASP may be a potential natural agent against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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24
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Malanovic N, Marx L, Blondelle SE, Pabst G, Semeraro EF. Experimental concepts for linking the biological activities of antimicrobial peptides to their molecular modes of action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183275. [PMID: 32173291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel compounds to combat multi-resistant bacterial infections includes exploring the potency of antimicrobial peptides and derivatives thereof. Complementary to high-throughput screening techniques, biophysical and biochemical studies of the biological activity of these compounds enable deep insight, which can be exploited in designing antimicrobial peptides with improved efficacy. This approach requires the combination of several techniques to study the effect of such peptides on both bacterial cells and simple mimics of their cell envelope, such as lipid-only vesicles. These efforts carry the challenge of bridging results across techniques and sample systems, including the proper choice of membrane mimics. This review describes some important concepts toward the development of potent antimicrobial peptides and how they translate to frequently applied experimental techniques, along with an outline of the biophysics pertaining to the killing mechanism of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Malanovic
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Marx
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| | - Enrico F Semeraro
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
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25
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Karas JA, Keizer DW, Sani MA. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Peptide FRANCESSEPAROVIC. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As an eminent ambassador of STEM and renowned NMR spectroscopist, Frances Separovic is an internationally famous name, but could it also be a valuable membrane-active peptide sequence? Her name has been used as an amino acid sequence (FS), successfully synthesised, oxidised, and put into contact with membrane models to investigate any serendipitous activity. The 3D structure of the cyclic FS was determined in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by solution NMR spectroscopy. FS displayed a twisted bend separating a helical stretch and an unstructured segment. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, the effect of FS on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DMPS) lipid bilayers was studied. FS did not strongly disturb the neutral membrane surface but likely inserted into their hydrophobic core without a strong effect on the lipid dynamics, while perturbation of the negatively charged membranes remained at the headgroup interface with a strong effect on the lipid dynamics. This study demonstrated that FS is a candidate for discovering potential future therapeutic activities.
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26
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Raheem N, Straus SK. Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Peptides With Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Functions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2866. [PMID: 31921046 PMCID: PMC6927293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Recent work has shown that these molecules have great potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune modulators, anti-cancer agents and anti-inflammatories. A better understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of AMPs is an important part of the discovery of more potent and less toxic AMPs. Many models and techniques have been utilized to describe the MOA. This review will examine how biological assays and biophysical methods can be utilized in the context of the specific antibacterial and antibiofilm functions of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigare Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Siegal G, Selenko P. Cells, drugs and NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:202-212. [PMID: 31358370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a versatile tool for investigating cellular structures and their compositions. While in vivo and whole-cell NMR have a long tradition in cell-based approaches, high-resolution in-cell NMR spectroscopy is a new addition to these methods. In recent years, technological advancements in multiple areas provided converging benefits for cellular MR applications, especially in terms of robustness, reproducibility and physiological relevance. Here, we review the use of cellular NMR methods for drug discovery purposes in academia and industry. Specifically, we discuss how developments in NMR technologies such as miniaturized bioreactors and flow-probe perfusion systems have helped to consolidate NMR's role in cell-based drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Siegal
- ZoBio B.V., BioPartner 2 Building, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Selenko
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 761000 Rehovot, Israel.
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28
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Sani MA, Zhu S, Hofferek V, Separovic F. Nitroxide spin-labeled peptides for DNP-NMR in-cell studies. FASEB J 2019; 33:11021-11027. [PMID: 31284743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900931r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that target lipid membranes show promise as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. However, the molecular mechanisms of membrane perturbation, as most studies are performed in model systems and in-cell structural studies, have yet to be achieved. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a valuable technique to investigate peptide-membrane interactions and to determine the structure of peptides, but the short lifespan of bacteria, especially under magic angle spinning conditions, has not permitted in-cell structural studies. Here, we present the first dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-NMR in-cell studies of Escherichia coli bacteria incubated with the AMP maculatin 1.1 (Mac1) in combination with novel nitroxide spin-labeled peptides 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC)-[F3W]-Mac1 (MacW) and TOAC-TOAC-MacW. The in-cell 13C and 15N signal NMR enhancements, and 1H spin-lattice T1 relaxation times showed that TOAC-MacW and TOAC-TOAC-MacW performed better than the more hydrophilic biradical AMUPol used for DNP studies. Furthermore, the pores formed by the AMP increased the signal enhancements and decreased T1 values of specifically 13C- and 15N-labeled Mac1. This approach has a great potential for determining the first in situ structures of AMPs in bacteria.-Sani, M.-A., Zhu, S., Hofferek, V., Separovic, F. Nitroxide spin-labeled peptides for DNP-NMR in-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiying Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Separovic F. Biophysics & Structural Biology at Synchrotrons BSBS 2019 Biological NMR Session. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:531-532. [PMID: 31123918 PMCID: PMC6682187 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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