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Huang YF, Liu YJ, Yang KC, Li ZY, Liu CH, Chen HC. Determination of 16 ultraviolet-absorbing compounds in marine invertebrates by using LC-USI-MS/MS coupled with QuEChERS. Food Chem 2024; 459:140328. [PMID: 38981386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined multiple endocrine-disrupting ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVACs) in marine invertebrates used in personal care products and packaging. Modified QuEChERS and liquid chromatography UniSpray ionization tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify 16 UVACs in marine invertebrates. Matrix-matched calibration curves revealed high linearity (r ≥ 0.9929), with limits of detection and quantification of 0.006-1.000 and 0.020-3.000 ng/g w.w., respectively. In oysters, intraday and interday analyses revealed acceptable accuracy (93%-120%) and precision (≤18%), except for benzophenone (BP) and ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate. Analysis of 100 marine invertebrate samples revealed detection frequencies of 100%, 98%, 89%, 64%, and 100% for BP, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), respectively. BP and BP-3 were detected at concentrations of 4.40-27.39 and < 0.020-0.560 ng/g w.w., respectively, indicating their widespread presence. Overall, our proposed method successfully detected UVACs in marine invertebrates, raising concerns regarding their potential environmental and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Lanza B, Bacceli M, Di Marco S, Simone N, Di Loreto G, Flamminii F, Mollica A, Cichelli A. A New Culture Medium Rich in Phenols Used for Screening Bitter Degrading Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Employ in Table Olive Production. Molecules 2024; 29:2236. [PMID: 38792098 PMCID: PMC11123894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The olive oil industry recently introduced a novel multi-phase decanter with the "Leopard DMF" series, which gives a by-product called pâté, made up of pulp and olive wastewater with a high content of phenolic substances and without pits. This study aims to create a new culture medium, the Olive Juice Broth (OJB), from DMF pâté, and apply it to select bacteria strains able to survive and degrade the bitter substances normally present in the olive fruit. Thirty-five different bacterial strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum from the CREA-IT.PE Collection of Microorganisms were tested. Seven strains characterized by ≥50% growth in OJB (B31, B137, B28, B39, B124, B130, and B51) showed a degradation of the total phenolic content of OJB ≥ 30%. From this set, L. plantarum B51 strain was selected as a starter for table olive production vs. spontaneous fermentation. The selected inoculant effectively reduced the debittering time compared to spontaneous fermentation. Hydroxytyrosol, derived from oleuropein and verbascoside degradation, and tyrosol, derived from ligstroside degradation, were produced faster than during spontaneous fermentation. The OJB medium is confirmed to be useful in selecting bacterial strains resistant to the complex phenolic environment of the olive fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lanza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Nazionale S.S. 602 km 51 + 355, 65012 Cepagatti, PE, Italy or (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Martina Bacceli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Nazionale S.S. 602 km 51 + 355, 65012 Cepagatti, PE, Italy or (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (G.D.L.)
- School of Advanced Studies, XXXVIII Cycle Ph.D. Course in Biomolecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Sara Di Marco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Nazionale S.S. 602 km 51 + 355, 65012 Cepagatti, PE, Italy or (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Nicola Simone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), UDG8, Via Nazionale S.S. 602 km 51 + 355, 65012 Cepagatti, PE, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Di Loreto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Nazionale S.S. 602 km 51 + 355, 65012 Cepagatti, PE, Italy or (M.B.); (S.D.M.); (G.D.L.)
| | - Federica Flamminii
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, CH, Italy; (F.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, CH, Italy;
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, CH, Italy; (F.F.); (A.C.)
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3
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The Effect of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Minor Phenolic Compound 3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylglycol in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020377. [PMID: 36678248 PMCID: PMC9866567 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the possible nephroprotective effect of 3',4'-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a polyphenolic compound of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), on renal lesions in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Rats were distributed as follows: healthy normoglycemic rats (NDR), diabetic rats treated with saline (DR), and DR treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day or 1 mg/kg/day of DHPG. DR showed a significantly higher serum and renal oxidative and nitrosative stress profile than NDR, as well as reduced prostacyclin production and renal damage (defined as urinary protein excretion, reduced creatinine clearance, increased glomerular volume, and increased glomerulosclerosis index). DHPG reduced the oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased prostacyclin production (a 59.2% reduction in DR and 34.7-7.8% reduction in DHPG-treated rats), as well as 38-56% reduction in urinary protein excretion and 22-46% reduction in glomerular morphological parameters (after the treatment with 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day, respectively). Conclusions: DHPG administration to type 1-like diabetic rats exerts a nephroprotective effect probably due to the sum of its antioxidant (Pearson's coefficient 0.68-0.74), antinitrosative (Pearson's coefficient 0.83), and prostacyclin production regulator (Pearson's coefficient 0.75) effects.
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Alsafadi D, Alhesan JA, Mansour A, Oqdeh S. Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Olive Oil by Acid Hydrolysis Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Munteanu IG, Grădinaru VR, Apetrei C. Development of a Chemically Modified Sensor Based on a Pentapeptide and Its Application for Sensitive Detection of Verbascoside in Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415704. [PMID: 36555346 PMCID: PMC9778896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their antioxidant and antimicrobial action in functional foods, beverages, and in some dermato-cosmetic products, olive phenolic compounds are also recognized for their role in the prevention of diabetes and inflammation, treatment of heart disease and, consequently, of the numerous chronic diseases mediated by the free radicals. In recent years, attention has increased, in particular, regarding one of the most important compound in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) having glycosidic structure, namely verbocoside, due to the existence in the literature of numerous studies demonstrating its remarkable contribution to the prophylaxis and treatment of various disorders of the human body. The purpose of this study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of verbascoside in commercial EVOOs from different regions by means of a newly developed sensor based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with graphene oxide (GPHOX), on the surface of which a pentapeptide was immobilized by means of glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The modified electrode surface was investigated using both Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. This newly developed sensor has shown a high sensibility compared to the unmodified electrode, a low detection limit (LOD) of up to 9.38 × 10-8 M, and a wide linearity range between 0.1 µM and 10.55 µM. The applicability of the modified sensor was confirmed by detecting verbascoside in ten different EVOOs samples using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method, with very good results. The validation of the electroanalytical method was performed by using the standard addition method with very good recoveries in the range of 97.48-103.77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgiana Munteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania
| | | | - Constantin Apetrei
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-727-580-914
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Karami F, Ghorbani M, Sadeghi Mahoonak A, Pourhossein A, Bagheri A, Khodarahmi R. Increasing Antioxidant Activity in Food Waste Extracts by β-Glucosidase. Food Technol Biotechnol 2022; 60:458-468. [PMID: 36816873 PMCID: PMC9901336 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Food by-products such as onion peels and olive leaves are rich in bioactive compounds applicable as natural and low-cost sources of antioxidants. Still, these compounds mainly exist in glycosylated form. Often, hydrolysis of glycoside compounds increases their antioxidant activity and health benefits. However, not many studies have been done concerning the β-glucosidase effect, specifically from Aspergillus niger, on glycosylated compounds within these by-products. Also, changes in the antioxidant activity of the mentioned by-products under the effect of β-glucosidase have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study considers the effect of A. niger β-glucosidase on glucoside compounds and the antioxidant activity of onion peel and olive leaf extracts. Experimental approach The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Also, glucose, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured. Moreover, TLC and HPLC analyses were performed before and after the enzymatic hydrolysis. Results and conclusions The obtained results showed an increase in the extract antioxidant activity after treatment. Also, β-glucosidase increased the glucose content of the extracts. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed the β-glucosidase efficacy to hydrolyze quercetin glucosides in onion peel extract, and the quercetin concentration increased from (0.48±0.04) mg/mL in the untreated extract to (1.26±0.03) mg/mL in the treated extract (0.5% m/V) after 3 h of enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C. Also, the content of quercetin-3-O-glucoside increased considerably from (1.8±0.1) to (54±9) µg/mL following the enzyme treatment. Moreover, oleuropein in olive leaf extract (1% m/V) was hydrolyzed completely from (0.382±0.016) to 0 mg/mL by β-glucosidase for 24 h at 50 °C. Novelty and scientific contribution This study showed that A. niger β-glucosidase, as a stable enzyme, hydrolyzed quercetin and oleuropein glycosides in onion peel and olive leaf extracts. Thus, A. niger β-glucosidase is a good candidate for processing the food waste and extracting valuable bioactive compounds. Also, the treated extracts with higher antioxidant and biological activity, and without bitter taste can be applicable as potent, natural and cost-effective antioxidants in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran,Coresponding authors: Phone: +989112754553, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pourhossein
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institue, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415153 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415153 Kermanshah, Iran,Coresponding authors: Phone: +989112754553, E-mail:
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A Critical Appraisal of the Separation Protocols Proposed for the Implementation of the Health Claim on “Olive Oil Polyphenols” (EC Regulation 432/2012). SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the secoiridoid type of phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil has become a challenging area of research since the first evidence of their presence in the polar fraction of the oil. Separation techniques, mainly liquid chromatographic ones, prevailed over the years of application toward elucidation of their structure, content determination and collection of evidence on cultivar, origin, processing and storage conditions dependence. One of the latest challenges in their analysis was related to the need to address the requirement set by EC Regulation 432/2012 for the implementation of the health claim on ‘olive oil polyphenols’. The present work considers in a chronological order the original articles, viewpoints, review articles and other published efforts that appeared in the literature after the issuing of the relevant EFSA scientific opinion in 2011. The EFSA health claim created a lot of expectations among producers of virgin olive oil and boosted research for the development of a ‘fit for the purpose’ analytical protocol. Emphasis is given to the dedicated separation protocols that have been developed in the last 10 years and to the progress in their validation in comparison to the features of the method that were recently adopted by the International Olive Council.
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Syabana MA, Yuliana ND, Batubara I, Fardiaz D. α-glucosidase inhibitors from Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp leaves as revealed by metabolomics and in silico approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114618. [PMID: 34508803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp leaves are traditionally used to cure diabetes in many regions of Indonesia. Traditional use involves boiling the leaves until the water is reduced to half volume, and then the decoction is taken 1-2 times daily. Despite several studies reporting the antidiabetic activity of this plant, bioactive compounds have not been well identified. AIM OF THE STUDY Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest diabetes cases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few people have access to modern medicinal treatment; thus, the role of antidiabetic traditional medicine has become increasingly important. This research aimed to identify α-glucosidase inhibitors from S. polyathum leaves using a metabolomics approach. When the active compounds of S. polyathum are properly identified, the quality of the herb can be more easily controlled. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried leaves of S. polyanthum were extracted by a comprehensive extraction method using a solvent combination of n-hexane, acetone, and water in a gradient, resulting in a total of 42 fractions. All fractions were subjected to an in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition test and chemical profile analysis using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Orthogonal projection least square (OPLS) analysis was used to correlate the two data to identify NMR signals, and HPLC chromatogram peaks correlated to the activity. 2D NMR and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) analyses were also used to give more precise compound identification. The activity of the identified active compounds was confirmed by an in silico technique. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that the most active fractions were obtained from solvents with medium polarity: Fractions 9 and 10 (F9 and F10), obtained from gradient acetone-water 4:1 and 3:2, respectively. The IC50 values of F9 and F10 were 24.8 and 31.8 μg/mL, respectively. NMR data showed that F9 had more intense and diverse signals in the aromatic region than F10. OPLS analysis results showed that some typical flavonoid signals abundant in F9 positively correlated with α-glucosidase activity. 2D NMR and UHPLC-HRMS analysis of F9 led to the conclusion that these signals could be attributed to myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (myricitrin) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). In silico analysis confirmed these results, as myricitrin and EGCG had binding energies resembling acarbose as a positive control (-8.47, -8.19, and -10.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS NMR and HPLC-metabolomics successfully identified myricitrin and EGCG as α-glucosidase inhibitors from S. polyanthum leaves, and docking analysis validated their inhibitory activity. The results of this study justified the traditional use of S. polyanthum as an antidiabetes herbal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ana Syabana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Food Technology and Center of Excellence for Local Food Innovation, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Serang, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia; Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia; Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Irmanida Batubara
- Department of Chemistry, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia; Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dedi Fardiaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Souihi A, Mohai MP, Palm E, Malm L, Kruve A. MultiConditionRT: Predicting liquid chromatography retention time for emerging contaminants for a wide range of eluent compositions and stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Carlini GCG, Roschel GG, Ferrari RA, Alencar SM, Ota HC, da Silveira TFF, Castro IA. Chemical characterization of Echium plantagineum seed oil obtained by three methods of extraction. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5307-5317. [PMID: 34841517 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Echium seed oil has been considered an important alternative source of omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) for human consumption. Considering the oxidative instability of n-3 FA richer oils, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical and sensory parameters of the oil obtained from Echium plantagineum seeds obtained by three extraction methods (hydraulic press: HYD; continuous screw press: PRESS; and solvent technique: SOLV). Stearidonic acid (C18:4, n3), the most important n-3 FA present in the oil, changed from 12.5% to 12.7%. Regarding the minor compounds, PRESS sample showed the highest concentration of gamma-tocopherol (782.24 mg/kg oil), while SOLV samples presented the highest amount of β-sitosterol (73.46 mg/100 g) with no difference of campesterol concentration (159.56 mg/100 g) among the samples. Higher values of total phenolics (19.65 mg GAE/kg oil) and β-carotene (34.83 mg/kg oil) were also found in the SOLV samples, suggesting the influence of hexane in the extraction of these bioactive compounds. High resolution mass spectrometry identified caffeic acid and its derivatives as the main phenolic compounds present in the echium oil. PRESS sample showed the best oxidative stability as measured by PV (0.61 mmol/kg oil) and malondialdehyde (173.13 µmol), probably due to faster time of processing compared to HYD and SOLV samples. Our data showed that the extraction method changed the chemical composition of the minor compounds in the echium oil, but these alterations did not reduce its nutritional quality or sensory acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Echium oil represents a great potential source of omega 3 fatty acids, but there is not enough information about its oxidative stability and chemical composition, especially toward minor compounds. Our study characterizes echium oil composition obtained from three extraction methods, contributing to amplify the technical information about this important alternative oil for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Calixto Garcia Carlini
- LADAF, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Grassmann Roschel
- LADAF, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Severino Mathias Alencar
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food & Nutrition, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helton Cherubim Ota
- LADAF, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Inar Alves Castro
- LADAF, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chinthakindi S, Kannan K. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of primary aromatic amines in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122888. [PMID: 34392047 PMCID: PMC8429219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines are widely used in personal care products and human exposure to this class of chemicals is widespread. Bioanalytical methods to determine trace levels of aromatic amines in human urine are scarce. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine 39 primary aromatic amines (AAs) along with nicotine and cotinine in human urine. Chromatographic separation of the 41 analytes was achieved on an Ultra Biphenyl (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 µm) column. Mass spectrometry was operated in electrospray ionization positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method exhibited excellent linear dynamic range (0.1-50 ng/mL) with correlation coefficients (r) > 0.999 for all analytes. Urine samples (2 mL) were hydrolyzed using 10 M NaOH at 95 °C for 15 h and target analytes were extracted using methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Addition of 15 µL of 0.25 M HCl to the sample extracts improved the recoveries of several target analytes. The method was validated through the analysis of fortified quality control (QC) samples and a certified standard reference material (SRM). Relative recoveries (%) of target analytes fortified in QC samples were in the range of 75-114% for 37 of the 41 analytes while the other analytes exhibited lower recoveries (16-74%). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of target analytes were in the range of 0.025-0.20 ng/mL and 0.1-1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision of the method assessed through the analysis of fortified urine QC samples at three different concentrations were < 11.7% and < 15.9% (measured as RSD), respectively. The method was applied in the analysis of urine samples from the general population and known smokers; aniline, para-anisidine, para-toluidine, ortho/meta-toluidine, 3-chloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and 4,4'-methylenedianiline were found in all smoker's urine at sum concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 9.16 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Chinthakindi
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Qiao Z, Han L, Liu X, Dai H, Liu C, Yan M, Li W, Han W, Li X, Huang S, Gao B. Extraction, Radical Scavenging Activities, and Chemical Composition Identification of Flavonoids from Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Receptacles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020403. [PMID: 33466694 PMCID: PMC7828773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on extraction, radical scavenging activities, and chemical composition identification of total flavonoids in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) receptacles (TFSR). We investigated the optimal extract parameters of TFSR using response surface methodology. The highest yield of TFSR was 1.04% with the ethanol concentration 58%, the material-to-liquid ratio 1:20 (v/w), the extraction time 2.6 h, and the extraction temperature 67 °C. The results of radical scavenging activities showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was the strongest by using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and iron ion reducing analysis. The EAF had the highest flavonoids contents. Four fractions A, B, C and D were enrichment from EAF by polyamide resin. Fraction B had the highest flavonoids content. Thirteen chemical components of flavonoids in fraction B were first identified by Ultimate 3000 Nano LC System coupled to a Q Exactive HF benchtop Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). Among of the thirteen chemical components, isoquercetin and daidzein were identified accurately by comparing with standard samples. Radical scavenging analysis showed that isoquercetin and EAF had strong activities. Therefore, sunflower receptacles can be used as a source of natural flavonoids. TFSR as a natural radical scavenger has potential applications in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
- Third-Level Laboratory of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huining Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Changmin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Min Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Wannan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Weiwei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinlu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Silu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.Q.); (L.H.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (C.L.); (M.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.); (X.L.); (S.H.)
- Third-Level Laboratory of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-3443-5290; Fax: +86-431-8515-5127
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Phenolic Profile Characterization of ‘Galega Vulgar’ and ‘Cobrançosa’ Portuguese Olive Cultivars along the Ripening Stages. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of olive fruits represents a vast and unique source of health beneficial molecules due to the presence of specific phenolic compounds (PCs), such as verbascoside (VERB), oleuropein (OLE) and its derivative molecules. Despite of being some of the most critical compounds regarding olive oil quality, these PCs are mostly abundant in olive fruits and leafs due to their hydrophilic nature. In olives, the phenolic profile suffers a deep and constant change along fruit ripening being the phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT), mainly formed by OLE, and/or OLE aglycone molecules degradation. The present work aims to study the maturation evolution of olive fruits from two major traditional Portuguese cultivars, ‘Galega Vulgar’ and ‘Cobrançosa’, in regard to their specific phenolic profile, as well as caliber (C), moisture (H), fat content in dry matter (OPDW) and maturity index (MI). Results show that both cultivars present distinct phenolic profiles along their ripening, with ‘Galega Vulgar’ reaching a high MI and OPDW at a much earlier ripening stage (S3), in agreement with the moment when a maximum OLE accumulation was registered. On the other hand, ‘Cobrançosa’ cultivar reached its higher MI and OPDW at S6 (harvest period), coinciding also with high OLE concentrations. MI may be used as a prediction tool for ’Galega Vulgar’ optimal harvesting time evaluation, associated with higher OLE and VERB concentrations, which will confer an additional protection towards diseases, that normally affect olive orchards.
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Ehlert J, Kronemann J, Zumbrägel N, Preller M. Lipase-Catalyzed Chemoselective Ester Hydrolysis of Biomimetically Coupled Aryls for the Synthesis of Unsymmetric Biphenyl Esters. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234272. [PMID: 31771200 PMCID: PMC6930668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most frequently used biocatalysts in organic synthesis, allowing numerous environmentally friendly and inexpensive chemical transformations. Here, we present a biomimetic strategy based on iron(III)-catalyzed oxidative coupling and selective ester monohydrolysis using lipases for the synthesis of unsymmetric biphenyl-based esters under mild conditions. The diverse class of biphenyl esters is of pharmaceutical and technical relevance. We explored the potency of a series of nine different lipases of bacterial, fungal, and mammalian origin on their catalytic activities to cleave biphenyl esters, and optimized the reaction conditions, in terms of reaction time, temperature, pH, organic solvent, and water–organic solvent ratios, to improve the chemoselectivity, and hence control the ratio of unsymmetric versus symmetric products. Elevated temperature and increased DMSO content led to an almost exclusive monohydrolysis by the four lipases Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), Mucor miehei lipase (MML), Rhizopus niveus lipase (RNL), and Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). The study was complemented by in silico binding predictions to rationalize the observed differences in efficacies of the lipases to convert biphenyl esters. The optimized reaction conditions were transferred to the preparative scale with high yields, underlining the potential of the presented biomimetic approach as an alternative strategy to the commonly used transition metal-based strategies for the synthesis of diverse biphenyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Ehlert
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Kronemann
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Zumbrägel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Rajan M, Ferreira Barbosa P, Carvalho Gualberto N, de Oliveira CS, Santos Leite Neta MT, Narain N. Optimization and method validation of determining polyphenolic compounds by UFLC-DAD system using two biphenyl and pentafluorophenylpropyl columns. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1598429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Rajan
- Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Paula Ferreira Barbosa
- Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Nayjara Carvalho Gualberto
- Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Narendra Narain
- Laboratory of Flavor and Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão Sergipe, Brazil
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